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Resumen Introduccion El cancer colorrectal (CCR) constituye un problema sanitario relevante, asociado a una morbimortalidad significativa. A lo largo de las ultimas decadas se ha estudiado en profundidad el vinculo que existe entre el cancer y el estado nutricional e inflamatorio de los pacientes oncologicos, y se han desarrollado multiples escalas inmunonutricionales, relacionadas principalmente con el pronostico oncologico de varios tipos de cancer. Al generarse una interaccion entre el tumor y el huesped, se desencadena una reaccion inflamatoria sistemica que conduce a una serie de alteraciones neuroendocrinas. Dicha situacion favorece una tendencia hacia la anorexia y el catabolismo. Nuestra hipotesis es que el estado nutricional e inflamatorio de los pacientes oncologicos se correlaciona con la morbilidad postoperatoria. Metodos Este es un estudio observacional y prospectivo de cohortes, con pacientes tratados mediante la cirugia curativa para el CCR en nuestro centro, entre septiembre del 2015 y marzo del 2017. El estado nutricional e inflamatorio de los pacientes fue establecido mediante el uso del Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI). Las complicaciones (globales, graves, infecciosas y fuga anastomotica) fueron cuidadosamente observadas y registradas durante los 30 primeros dias del periodo postoperatorio. Resultados Tras llevar a cabo el analisis multivariante, el PNI resulto ser un gran factor predictivo de complicaciones globales (RR: 0,279; IC 95%: 0,141-0,552), complicaciones graves (RR: 0,355; IC 95%: 0,130-0,965), complicaciones infecciosas (RR: 0,220; IC 95%: 0,099-0,489) y fuga anastomotica (RR: 0,151; IC 95%: 0,036-0,640). Conclusiones Nuestro trabajo refleja que el INP es un factor predictivo independiente para el desarrollo de complicaciones tras la cirugia curativa del CCR.

Several scores have been developed to define the inflammatory status of oncological patients. We suspect they share iterative information. Our hypothesis is that we may summarise their information into one or two new variables which will be independent. This will help us to predict, more accurately, which patients are at an increased risk of suffering postoperative complications after curative surgery for CRC. Observational prospective study with those patients undergoing curative surgery for CRC between September 2015 and February 2017. We analysed the influence of inflammatory scores (PNI, GPS, NLR, PLR) on postoperative morbidity (overall and severe complications, anastomotic leakage and reoperation). Finally, 168 patients were analysed. We checked these four original scores are interrelated among them. Using a complex and innovative statistical method, we created two new independent variables (resultant A and resultant B) which resume the information coming from them. One of these two new variables (resultant A) was statistically associated to overall complications (OR, 2.239; 95% CI, 1.541–3.253; p = 0.0001), severe complications (OR, 1.773; 95% CI, 1.129–2.785; p = 0.013), anastomotic leakage (OR, 3.208; 95% CI, 1.416–7.268; p = 0.005) and reoperation (OR, 2.349; 95% CI, 1.281–4.305; p = 0.006). We evinced the four original scores we used share redundant information. We created two new independent new variables which resume their information. In our sample of patients, one of these variables turned out to be a great predictive factor for the four complications we analysed.

Prediction of complications after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) remains of interest. Blood parameters and biomarkers during first and second postoperative days (POD1, POD2) may be early indicators of complications.This case-control study included 50 patients. Baseline, POD1 and POD2 values of leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, hemoglobin, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin and arterial lactate were compared between individuals presenting Clavien ≥ III morbidity, pancreatic fistula (PF) or clinically relevant PF (CRPF) and those without these morbidities. Common variables reaching significance were further analyzed in order to calculate a predictive score.Severe morbidity, PF and CRPF rates were 28.0%, 26.0% and 14.0%, respectively. Patients with severe morbidity had lower leukocytes on POD2 (P = 0.04). Patients with PF presented higher CRP on POD2 (P = 0.001), higher lactate on POD1 (P = 0.007) and POD2 (P = 0.008), and lower lymphocytes on POD1 (P = 0.007) and POD2 (P = 0.008). Patients with CRPF had lower leukocytes and neutrophils on POD1 (P = 0.048, P = 0.038), lower lymphocytes on POD1 (P = 0.001) and POD2 (P = 0.003), and higher CRP on POD2 (P = 0.001). Baseline parameters and procalcitonin obtained no statistical associations. Score was defined according to lymphocytes on POD1650/µL and CRP on POD2 ≥ 250 mg/L allocating patients in 3 risk categories. PF and CRPF rates were statistically higher as risk category increased (P0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curves and Hosmer-Lemeshow tests showed a good accuracy.Impaired immunological reaction during early postoperative period (lower leukocytes and, particularly, lymphocytes) in response to surgical aggression would favor complications after PD. Likewise, acidosis (higher arterial lactate) could behave as risk factor of PF. An elevated CRP on POD2 is also an early biomarker of PF. Our novel score based on postoperative lymphocyte count and CRP seems reliable for early prediction of PF.

Background Major morbidity in pancreatic surgery remains high. Different scores for predicting complications have been described. Preoperative pancreatic resection (PREPARE) score is based on objective preoperative variables and offers good predictive accuracy for Clavien ≥ III complications. This study aimed to validate this score and analyze other preoperative variables in a prospective study performed in a medium-volume center. Methods A total of 50 pancreatic resections were included. Preoperative variables were registered and PREPARE was calculated. The main outcome was severe morbidity (Clavien ≥ III) up to 30 days after discharge. The secondary outcomes were length of stay (LOS) and readmission. Statistical validation was performed to compare severe morbidity rate among the scores categories. Association with other preoperative variables (not included in PREPARE) was also tested. Results Of the 50 pancreatic resections, the severe morbidity was 34.0%, with median LOS of 11 days. Readmission rate was 25.5%. Severe morbidity rates according to PREPARE categories were 18.5% in low-risk group, 41.7% in intermediate-risk group, and 63.6% in high-risk group, respectively (P = 0.023). The accuracy was 72% (Hosmer–Lemeshow, P = 0.86). ROC curve was obtained both for PREPARE score expressed as incremental values and categorized as the three risk groups, showing an area under curve (AUC) of 0.736 (95% CI: 0.586–0.887; P = 0.007) and 0.712 (95% CI: 0.555–0.869; P = 0.015), respectively. PREPARE was significant in multivariate analysis. Median LOS was statistically higher as PREPARE category increases (9, 11 and 15 days in low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups, respectively; P = 0.009). Readmission was not associated with any variables. Conclusions PREPARE behaves as an independent risk factor for severe morbidity after pancreatic surgery. Score validation shows good accuracy prediction. Increasing PREPARE category is also associated with longer LOS.

Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health concern and it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Over the last decades, the relationship between cancer and nutritional and inflammatory status in oncologic patients was studied thoroughly and multiple immunonutritional scores were developed. These scores have been mainly related to the prognosis of several cancers. An interaction between the tumour and the host is generated, triggering a systemic inflammatory reaction leading to several neuroendocrine changes. This situation favours a tendency towards anorexia and catabolism. Our hypothesis is that nutritional and inflammatory status of oncologic patients is correlated to postoperative morbidity. Methods This is a prospective observational cohort study with those patients undergoing curative surgery for CRC at our institution between September 2015 and March 2017. Nutritional and inflammatory status was established using Onodera's Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI). Complications (overall, severe, infectious and anastomotic leakage) were carefully collected during the first 30 days of the postoperative period. Results After carrying out the multivariate analysis, PNI turned out to be a great predictive and protective factor for overall complications (RR: 0.279; 95% CI: 0.141–0.552), severe complications (RR: 0.355; 95% CI: 0.130–0.965), infectious complications (RR: 0.220; 95% CI: 0.099–0.489) and anastomotic leakage (RR: 0.151; 95% CI: 0.036–0.640). Conclusion Our work reports that PNI is an independent predictive factor for the development of postoperative complications following curative surgery for CRC.

Interaction between tumour and host triggers a systemic inflammatory response. This situation has been associated to cancer progression. Several peripheral blood inflammatory scores have been recently developed, as PLR. Data about the relationship between these scores and cancer prognosis are contradictory. Therefore, the aim of our work is to evaluate the capability of PLR to predict long-term outcomes (OS and RFS) in patients who underwent curative surgery for colon cancer. A retrospective study was designed with patients who underwent curative surgery for colon cancer between September 2008 and January 2012 at Rio Hortega University Hospital, Valladolid (Spain). We analysed the influence of PLR and other clinical variables on OS and RFS. Finally, 201 patients were analysed. Optimal cut-off value for PLR, established with ROC curves, was 153. 1-, 3- and 5-year OS were: 99.0, 90.4 and 82.3% for low PLR, and 93.8, 74.9 and 61.9% for high PLR, p

Background Some variations of hepatic artery, which show 30% incidence, must be taken into account to avoid damage to the liver transplant during harvesting, we analyzed the incidence of variations and their influence on postoperative results. Patients and methods We performed a retrospective study of 325 liver transplantation between 2001 and December 2011. Results Variations in the hepatic artery were detected in 91 transplantations (32%) including 29 donors (8.9%), 57 recipients (17.5%), and 5 both (1.5%). The main variation among donors was a right hepatic artery originating from the mesenteric artery (38.2%), and a left hepatic artery from the left gastric artery (35.3%). Recipients showed the same distribution: RHA-UMA (right hepatic artery from upper mesenteric artery) (38.7%) and LHA-LGA (left hepatic artery from left gastric artery) (12.9%). 48.5% of donor hepatic variations did not need bench reconstruction, but all RHA-UMA required it mainly due to the donor gastroduodenal artery (7; 58%) We did not observe significant difference in cold or warm ischemia time, surgical time, red blood cell requirement, postoperative mortality, or overall survival when there was or was not an arterial anomaly. But arterial complications were more frequent in cases where there were recipient anomalies or both versus without anomalies or with donor anomalies (20%, 7,8%, 0%, 5,6%; P = .06). Donor RHA-UMA was associated with worse overall survival (69, 2%; P = .07) and longer cold ischemia time and red blood requirement. Bench reconstruction held to longer cold ischemia time and blood cell requirements (P = .01) and shorter overall survival (82.4%). RHA-UMA was associated (P = .08) with worse actuarial survival and a needed for bench reconstruction (P = .01). Conclusion One must be careful during liver harvest to detect hepatic artery variations to avoid damage. Hepatic artery anomalies do not influence liver transplant results except for the presence of an RHA from the UMA with a need for bench reconstruction.

This response discusses the article by Kim and colleagues entitled "endoscopic clip closure versus surgery for the treatment of iatrogenic colon perforations developed during diagnostic colonoscopy: a review of 115,285 patients". Iatrogenic colonoscopic perforation, although uncommon, implies serious management problems for endoscopists and surgeons. Nonoperative treatment currently is recommended under certain conditions, and endoscopic clips can primarily close iatrogenic perforations, helping to avoid surgery. Of the 27 colonoscopic perforation cases presented in the article by Kim and colleagues, 16 were managed by endoscopic clipping closure and 11 by primary surgery. Conservative treatment failed for three patients. Only perforation size obtained statistical significance among the nine variables contrasted between the 11 cases with primary surgery and the 13 cases with successful endoscopic clipping. The results for the three patients whose endoscopic closure failed are not reported. The authors of this letter think it would have been interesting if these three patients had been included in the analysis due to the high importance of discovering factors that can predict failure of endoscopic clipping for perforations. To call attention to possible late complications requiring surgery even when initial conservative management of endoscopic perforation succeeds, the authors of this letter present a case of a colocutaneous (actually, sigmoid-scrotal) fistula in a patient 2 weeks after an apparently successful closure of colonoscopic perforation with an “over-the-scope” clip.

This video can be viewed directly from the GIE website or by using the QR code and your mobile device. Download a free QR code scanner by searching “QR Scanner” in your mobile device’s app store. Figure 1. A, Balloon cholangiogram through the naked EUS-guided choledoch nected choledochocholedochostomy (arrowhead). A covered self-expandable magnet insertion at ERCP. B, Magnets across the disconnected segment with t magnetic compression anastomosis. D, Retrograde retrieval of coupled magne