33 results on '"Boris M, Hogema"'
Search Results
2. Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody testing of convalescent plasma donations in the Netherlands and England: A pilot study
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Ellen van der Schoot, Abigail A. Lamikanra, Heli Harvala, Boris M. Hogema, Marieke Hoogerwerf, Robin Gopal, Johan Reimerink, David J. Roberts, Rutger J. Ploeg, Chantal B.E.M. Reusken, Maria Zambon, Hans L. Zaaijer, Monika Patel, Landsteiner Laboratory, and AII - Infectious diseases
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Convalescent plasma ,biology ,business.industry ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,General Medicine ,Virology ,Research Letters ,biology.protein ,Research Letter ,Medicine ,Neutralizing antibody ,business - Published
- 2021
3. Lower Incidence of Parvovirus-B19 Infections in Dutch Blood Donors during SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
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Boris M. Hogema, Marco H.G.M. Koppelman, M.W.A. Molenaar-de Backer, Hans L. Zaaijer, Ed Slot, T J W van de Laar, and AII - Infectious diseases
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Microbiology (medical) ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Physiology ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,viruses ,Blood Donors ,Microbiology ,Parvovirus B19 Infections ,Parvoviridae Infections ,Pandemic ,Genetics ,Parvovirus B19, Human ,Medicine ,Humans ,Blood Transfusion ,blood donor ,Asymptomatic Infections ,Letter to the Editor ,Netherlands ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Ecology ,parvovirus B19 ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,virus diseases ,COVID-19 ,Cell Biology ,Virology ,QR1-502 ,Lower incidence ,Infectious Diseases ,Blood donor ,Carrier State ,business - Abstract
During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, several studies reported a lower incidence of respiratory infections other than COVID-19 compared to previous years, but bias due to changes in uptake and capacity of non-COVID care cannot be excluded. The routine screening of Dutch blood donors remained unchanged during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and showed a significant reduction of silent parvovirus B19 (B19V) infections from 4.0/100,000 donations in 2013 to 2019 to 0.6/100,000 donations in 2020 and 0.0/100,000 donations in first 6 months of 2021.
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- 2021
4. Evaluation of commercially available high-throughput SARS-CoV-2 serological assays for serosurveillance and related applications
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Kathleen Kelly, Brad J. Biggerstaff, Mars Stone, Clara Di Germanio, Larry J. Dumont, Steven Kleinman, Brigit O Crews, Natalie J. Thornburg, Jefferson M. Jones, Thomas N. Denny, Mark Destree, Nam Tran, Honey Dave, Michael P. Busch, Boris M. Hogema, Keith R. Jerome, Mel Krajden, Graham Simmons, Eduard Grebe, and Hasan Sulaeman
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2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,biology ,business.industry ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Context (language use) ,Virology ,Serology ,Vaccination ,Antibody response ,biology.protein ,Medicine ,Antibody ,business ,Antibody detection - Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 serosurveys can estimate cumulative incidence for monitoring epidemics but require characterization of employed serological assays performance to inform testing algorithm development and interpretation of results. We conducted a multi-laboratory evaluation of 21 commercial high-throughput SARS-CoV-2 serological assays using blinded panels of 1,000 highly-characterized blood-donor specimens. Assays demonstrated a range of sensitivities (96%-63%), specificities (99%-96%) and precision (IIC 0.55-0.99). Durability of antibody detection in longitudinal samples was dependent on assay format and immunoglobulin target, with anti-spike, direct, or total Ig assays demonstrating more stable, or increasing reactivity over time than anti-nucleocapsid, indirect, or IgG assays. Assays with high sensitivity, specificity and durable antibody detection are ideal for serosurveillance. Less sensitive assays demonstrating waning reactivity are appropriate for other applications, including characterizing antibody responses after infection and vaccination, and detection of anamnestic boosting by reinfections and vaccine breakthrough infections. Assay performance must be evaluated in the context of the intended use.
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- 2021
5. Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Blood Donors and Risk to Patients in the United States and Canada
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Gilles Delage, Margaret Fearon, Yves Gregoire, Boris M Hogema, Brian Custer, Vito Scalia, Gordon Hawes, France Bernier, Megan L Nguyen, and Susan L Stramer
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Adult ,Male ,Canada ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Cost effectiveness ,Blood Safety ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,Clinical Decision-Making ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Blood Donors ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Risk Assessment ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Hepatitis E virus ,Internal medicine ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,Mass Screening ,Transmission (medicine) ,business.industry ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Transfusion Reaction ,Outbreak ,Hematology ,Middle Aged ,United States ,Confidence interval ,Hepatitis E ,Donation ,Female ,Quality-Adjusted Life Years ,business ,Viral load ,Follow-Up Studies ,030215 immunology ,Hepatitis E virus infection - Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most common cause of acute hepatitis worldwide including large water-borne outbreaks, zoonotic infections and transfusion transmissions. Several countries have initiated or are considering blood donor screening in response to high HEV-RNA donation prevalence leading to transfusion-transmission risk. Because HEV transmission is more common through food sources, the efficacy of blood donor screening alone may be limited. HEV-nucleic acids in 101 489 blood donations in the United States and Canada were studied. A risk-based decision-making framework was used to evaluate the quantitative risks and cost-benefit of HEV-blood donation screening in Canada comparing three scenarios: no screening, screening blood for all transfused patients or screening blood for only those at greatest risk. HEV-RNA prevalence in the United States was one per 16 908 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1:5786-1:81987), whereas Canadian HEV-RNA prevalence was one per 4615 (95% CI, 1:2579-1:9244). Although 4-fold greater, Canadian HEV-RNA prevalence was not significantly higher than in the United States. Viral loads ranged from 20 to 3080 international units per mL; all successfully typed infections were genotype 3. No HEV-RNA false-positive donations were identified for 100 percent specificity. Without donation screening, heart and lung transplant recipients had the greatest HEV-infection risk (1:366962) versus kidney transplant recipients with the lowest (1:2.8 million) at costs of $225 546 to $561 810 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained for partial or universal screening, respectively. Higher cost per QALY would be expected in the United States. Thus, HEV prevalence in North America is lower than in countries performing blood donation screening, and if implemented, is projected to be costly under any scenario.
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- 2019
6. Low awareness of past SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthy plasma donors
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Eva-Maria Merz, Elisabeth M.J. Huis In 'T Veld, Boris M. Hogema, M.L.C. Spekman, Hans Vrielink, Femmeke J. Prinsze, Katja van den Hurk, Steven Ramondt, Franke A. Quee, Ed Slot, Hans L. Zaaijer, AII - Infectious diseases, Sociology, The Social Context of Aging (SoCA), Communication Science, and Public and occupational health
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Health Status ,Anosmia ,Blood Donors ,Antibodies, Viral ,Severity of Illness Index ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Internal medicine ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Report ,medicine ,Humans ,antibodies ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Netherlands ,infection awareness ,biology ,business.industry ,Transmission (medicine) ,SARS-CoV-2 ,fungi ,COVID-19 ,Ageusia ,Middle Aged ,Questionnaire data ,body regions ,Mild symptoms ,biology.protein ,plasma donation ,symptoms ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Antibody ,business ,anosmia - Abstract
Awareness of infection with SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for the effectiveness of COVID-19 control measures. Here, we investigate awareness of infection and symptoms in relation to antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in healthy plasma donors. We ask individuals donating plasma across the Netherlands between May 11th and 18th 2020 to report COVID-19 related symptoms and we test for antibodies indicative of a past infection with SARS-CoV-2. Among 3,676 with antibody and questionnaire data 239 (6.5%) are positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Of those, 48% suspect no COVID-19 despite the majority reporting symptoms. 11% of seropositive individuals report no, and 27% very mild symptoms at any time during the first peak of the epidemic. Anosmia/ageusia and fever are most strongly associated with seropositivity. Almost half of seropositive individuals do not suspect SARS-CoV-2 infection. Improved recognition of COVID-19 symptoms, in particular anosmia/ageusia and fever, is needed to reduce widespread SARS-CoV-2 transmission., Graphical Abstract, Van den Hurk et al. investigate awareness of SARS-CoV-2 infection and symptoms in relation to antibody status in healthy plasma donors. Forty-eight percent of seropositive individuals do not suspect SARS-CoV-2 infection, 11% are asymptomatic. Improved recognition of COVID-19 symptoms, in particular anosmia/ageusia and fever, is needed to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
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- 2021
7. Low awareness of past SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthy adults
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Katja van den Hurk, Eva-Maria Merz, Femmeke J. Prinsze, Marloes L.C. Spekman, Franke A. Quee, Steven Ramondt, Ed Slot, Hans Vrielink, Elisabeth M.J. Huis in ’t Veld, Hans L. Zaaijer, Boris M. Hogema, and Cognitive Science & AI
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medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,Isolation (health care) ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Transmission (medicine) ,business.industry ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Asymptomatic ,Virus ,Internal medicine ,Pandemic ,medicine ,biology.protein ,medicine.symptom ,Antibody ,business - Abstract
BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic challenges governments worldwide to balance appropriate virus control measures and their societal and economic consequences. These control measures include the identification, isolation and testing of potentially infected individuals. As this relies on an individual’s awareness of infection, we investigated the extent to which healthy adults suspected having had COVID-19, and how COVID-19 suspicion and symptoms relate to antibodies indicative of a past infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).Methods and findingsFor this cross-sectional study, individuals donating plasma anywhere in the Netherlands between May 11th and 18th were screened for total SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using ELISA and invited to participate in an online questionnaire about COVID-19-related symptoms and awareness. Antibody and questionnaire data were complete for 3,676 individuals, including 239 (6.5%) that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Here, we show that a 38% of the individuals that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies reported having had no or only very mild symptoms at any time during the peak of the epidemic. The loss of taste and/or smell in particular was significantly associated with seropositivity, independent of age and sex. Forty-eight percent of antibody-positive persons did not suspect having had COVID-19, in spite of most of them reporting symptoms.ConclusionsAwareness of infection was low among individuals that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, even at the peak of the epidemic. Improved awareness and recognition of COVID-19 symptoms and tracing of asymptomatic contacts is crucial to halting SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
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- 2020
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8. Herd immunity is not a realistic exit strategy during a COVID-19 outbreak
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Věra M. J. Novotný, Ed Slot, Michel Molier, Jan H. M. Karregat, Johan Reimerink, Chantal B.E.M. Reusken, René A.W. van Lier, Johan IJlst, Boris M. Hogema, and Hans L. Zaaijer
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Exit strategy ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Outbreak ,business ,Demography ,Herd immunity - Abstract
The world is combating an ongoing COVID-19 pandemic1-4. Health-care systems, society and the economy are impacted in an unprecedented way. It is unclear how many people have contracted the causative coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) unknowingly. Therefore, reported COVID-19 cases do not reflect the true scale of outbreak5-9. Natural herd immunity has been suggested as a potential exit strategy during COVID-19 outbreaks, which may arise when 50-67% of a community has been infected10. Here we present the prevalence and distribution of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in a healthy adult population of a highly affected country using a novel immunoassay, indicating that one month into the outbreak (i) the seroprevalence in the Netherlands is 2.7% with substantial regional variation, (ii) the hardest-hit areas show a seroprevalence of up to 9.5%, (iii) the seroprevalence is sex-independent throughout age groups (18-72 years), (iv) antibodies are significantly more often detected in younger people (18-30 years), and (v) the number of immune individuals in the current epidemic stage is far below the herd immunity threshold. This study provides vital information on the extent of virus spread in a country where social distancing is in place, concluding that herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is not a realistic short-term exit strategy option.
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- 2020
9. Epidemiology of Hepatitis E virus infection in a cohort of 4,023 immunocompromised patients
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Gedske Daugaard, Søren Jacobsen, Christian Erikstrup, Christoffer Hother, Lene Holm Harritshøj, Bitten Aagaard, Boris M Hogema, Henrik Sengeløv, Dorte Kinggaard Holm, Michael Perch, Jens D Lundgren, Henrik Ullum, Susanne Gjørup Sækmose, and Søren Schwartz Sørensen
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Male ,Viremia/epidemiology ,0301 basic medicine ,Blood transfusion ,Epidemiology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,viruses ,Prevalence ,Blood Donors ,medicine.disease_cause ,0302 clinical medicine ,Hepatitis E virus ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Aged, 80 and over ,virus diseases ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Hepatitis E ,RNA, Viral/genetics ,Transfusion transmission ,Infectious Diseases ,Female ,Adult ,Microbiology (medical) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,030106 microbiology ,Anti-HEV IgG ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Immunocompromised Host ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Seroprevalence ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Immunocompromised ,Aged ,Hepatitis E virus/genetics ,Retrospective Studies ,Hepatitis E/blood ,business.industry ,Chronic HEV infection ,Transfusion History ,Retrospective cohort study ,HEV RNA ,medicine.disease ,Denmark/epidemiology ,digestive system diseases ,Transplantation ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,business ,Hepatitis Antibodies/blood - Abstract
Objectives: The prevalence of active, chronic, and former hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections was investigated in a cohort of immunocompromised patients. The association with transfusion transmitted HEV was evaluated, and the HEV seroprevalence was compared with that in healthy blood donors. Study design and methods: Serum samples from 4023 immunocompromised patients at Rigshospitalet, Denmark were retrospectively tested for HEV RNA and anti-HEV IgG. HEV RNA-positive patients were followed up by HEV testing, clinical symptoms, and transfusion history. Factors associated with anti-HEV were explored by multivariable logistic regression analysis. Samples from 1226 blood donors were retrospectively tested for anti-HEV IgG. Results: HEV RNA was detected in six patients (0.15%) with no indications of chronic HEV infection. HEV RNA prevalence rates among recipients of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and solid organ transplantation (SOT) were 0.58% and 0.21%, respectively. Transfusion transmitted infections were refuted, and transfusion history was not associated with anti-HEV positivity. The difference in HEV seroprevalence between patients (22.0%) and blood donors (10.9%) decreased when adjusting for age and sex (odds ratio 1.20, 95% confidence interval 0.97–1.48). Conclusions: HEV viremia among allo-HSCT and SOT recipients suggests that clinicians should be aware of this diagnosis. The lack of association of blood transfusion with anti-HEV positivity supports food-borne transmission as the main transmission route of HEV common to both patients and blood donors. Keywords: Hepatitis E, Epidemiology, Immunocompromised, Transfusion transmission, HEV RNA, Anti-HEV IgG, Chronic HEV infection
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- 2020
10. Low SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in blood donors in the early COVID-19 epidemic in the Netherlands
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Boris M. Hogema, Johan IJlst, Michel Molier, René A. W. van Lier, Jan H. M. Karregat, Ed Slot, Chantal Reusken, Věra M. J. Novotný, Johan Reimerink, Hans L. Zaaijer, Virology, Landsteiner Laboratory, AII - Infectious diseases, and AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity
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0301 basic medicine ,Epidemiology ,Psychological intervention ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Blood Donors ,Antibodies, Viral ,0302 clinical medicine ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,Pandemic ,Prevalence ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Social isolation ,Young adult ,lcsh:Science ,Netherlands ,Multidisciplinary ,Social distance ,Middle Aged ,Social Isolation ,medicine.symptom ,Coronavirus Infections ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Science ,Pneumonia, Viral ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Betacoronavirus ,Young Adult ,medicine ,Seroprevalence ,Humans ,Pandemics ,Aged ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Infectious-disease diagnostics ,Outbreak ,COVID-19 ,General Chemistry ,030104 developmental biology ,Immunoglobulin M ,Viral infection ,Immunoglobulin G ,Asymptomatic Diseases ,lcsh:Q ,business ,Demography - Abstract
The world is combating an ongoing COVID-19 pandemic with health-care systems, society and economies impacted in an unprecedented way. It is unclear how many people have contracted the causative coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) unknowingly and are asymptomatic. Therefore, reported COVID-19 cases do not reflect the true scale of outbreak. Here we present the prevalence and distribution of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in a healthy adult population of the Netherlands, which is a highly affected country, using a high-performance immunoassay. Our results indicate that one month into the outbreak (i) the seroprevalence in the Netherlands was 2.7% with substantial regional variation, (ii) the hardest-hit areas showed a seroprevalence of up to 9.5%, (iii) the seroprevalence was sex-independent throughout age groups (18–72 years), and (iv) antibodies were significantly more often present in younger people (18–30 years). Our study provides vital information on the extent of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in a country where social distancing is in place., The Netherlands is a country highly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, Slot, Hogema and colleagues report a low SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence one month into the outbreak and provide insights into virus exposure by region and age group when widespread non-pharmaceutical interventions are in place.
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- 2020
11. Risk factors for hepatitis E virus seropositivity in Dutch blood donors
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Agnetha Hofhuis, Anna D. Tulen, Sofie H. Mooij, Hans L. Zaaijer, Wilfrid van Pelt, Boris M. Hogema, Eelco Franz, Michel Molier, AII - Infectious diseases, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, and Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention
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0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Multivariate analysis ,Adolescent ,030106 microbiology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Blood donors ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Medical microbiology ,Hepatitis E virus ,Environmental health ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Zoonoses ,medicine ,Seroprevalence ,Animals ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Hepatitis Antibodies ,Risk factor ,Aged ,Netherlands ,business.industry ,Transmission (medicine) ,Middle Aged ,Hepatitis E ,medicine.disease ,Meat Products ,Infectious Diseases ,Parasitology ,Risk factors ,Immunoglobulin G ,Multivariate Analysis ,Female ,business ,Water Microbiology ,Research Article - Abstract
Background A marked increase of hepatitis E cases has recently been observed in the Netherlands. Causes of the (re-)emergence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) and exact sources and routes of transmission of HEV infection are currently unknown. We aimed to identify risk factors for HEV seropositivity. Methods Using the Wantai EIA, 2100 plasma samples of blood donors from all over the Netherlands aged 18-70 years were tested for anti-HEV IgG antibodies. A questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, health, and potential risk factors for HEV exposure was sent to these participants. Results The overall IgG-seroprevalence was 31% (648/2100) and increased with age. Several food products were independently associated with IgG-seropositivity in a multivariate analysis adjusting for age and gender among 1562 participants who completed the questionnaire: traditional Dutch dry raw sausages called “cervelaat”, “fijnkost”, “salami” and “salametti” which are generally made from raw pork and beef (aOR 1.5; 95%CI 1.2-1.9), frequent consumption of bovine steak (aOR 1.3; 95%CI 1.0-1.7), and frequent consumption of smoked beef (aOR 1.3 95%CI 1.0-1.7). Although not frequently reported, contact with contaminated water was also a risk factor for seropositivity (aOR 2.5; 95%CI 1.5-4.4). Lower seroprevalence was associated with eating raspberries, going out for dinner, and contact with wild animals and dogs. Conclusion Several pork food products, mainly dry raw sausages, and contact with contaminated water were associated with past HEV infection in the Netherlands. Further investigation is needed into the prevalence and infectivity of HEV in these risk factor food products, as well as investigation of the production methods and possible origin of HEV-contamination within these sausages, e.g. very small amounts of pork liver, pig-derived blood products as food additive, or the pork muscle tissue.
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- 2018
12. Cost‐effectiveness of the screening of blood donations for hepatitis E virus in the Netherlands
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Boris M. Hogema, Anneke S. de Vos, Mart P. Janssen, and Hans L. Zaaijer
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Blood transfusion ,Cost effectiveness ,Blood Safety ,viruses ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Immunology ,Population ,Blood Donors ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Donor Selection ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Hepatitis E virus ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,Disease burden ,Netherlands ,Whole blood ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Blood Screening ,virus diseases ,Hematology ,digestive system diseases ,Hepatitis E ,Models, Economic ,Emergency medicine ,Costs and Cost Analysis ,Female ,business ,Viral load - Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) has increased substantially in Europe recently, thereby threatening blood safety. A cost-effectiveness analysis for HEV screening of blood donations in the Netherlands was performed. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A simulation model was developed to mimic the process of donation, infections in the donor population, donation testing, and transmission to transfusion recipients. The variability of viral loads among donors was modeled using observed loads. The number of (incurable) chronic HEV infections among organ and stem cell transplant patients and the costs avoided by implementing blood screening were estimated. RESULTS HEV screening of whole blood donations in pools of 24 would prevent 4.52 of the 4.94 transfusion-associated chronic HEV infections expected annually, at approximately €310,000 per prevented chronic case. Per case not curable by ribavirin prevention, costs are approximately 10 times higher. Selective screening, if logistically feasible, could reduce screening costs by 85%. Sensitivity analyses show that uncertainty in the HEV transmissibility and the frequency of HEV clearing greatly impact the estimated cost-effectiveness. Of all HEV infections nationwide one in 700 is estimated to be due to blood transfusion, while for chronic infections this is one in 3.5. CONCLUSION Despite uncertainties in our estimates, preventing HEV transmission by screening of blood donations appears not excessively expensive compared to other blood-screening measures in the Netherlands. However, the impact on HEV disease burden may be relatively small as only a minority of all HEV cases is transmitted by blood transfusion.
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- 2017
13. Hepatitis E virus infection in the Irish blood donor population
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Boris M. Hogema, Padraig Williams, Joe Donnellan, William G. Murphy, Fiona Boland, Joan O'Riordan, and Samreen Ijaz
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education.field_of_study ,Blood transfusion ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Immunology ,Population ,virus diseases ,Viremia ,Hematology ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Hepatitis E ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Hepatitis E virus ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Seroprevalence ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,business ,Viral load - Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis E virus (HEV) Genotype 3 (G3) infection is a zoonosis that may be transmitted during the acute phase by transfusion. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of HEV and seroprevalence among Irish blood donors. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Anonymized samples from 1076 donations collected in 2012 were tested for HEV immunoglobulin (Ig)G using the Wantai enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A total of 24,985 anonymized donations collected between December 2013 and June 2014 were individually tested for HEV RNA using the Procleix HEV assay; reactive donations were confirmed by an in-house real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. RESULTS Seroprevalence for anti-IgG was 5.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.0%-6.8%), ranging from 1.1% in the 18- to 29-years age group to 33.3% in males over 60 years. HEV RNA screening of 24,985 samples yielded five PCR-confirmed donations (1:4997, 0.02%; 95% CI, 0.0065%-0.0467%), only one of which was serologically reactive (HEV IgM reactive only). Viral loads ranged from 10 to 44,550 IU/mL. Genotype analysis on three samples identified HEV G3 virus. Four of the five viremic donations were from donors in the 18- to 29-years age group (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Seroprevalence for anti-HEV IgG was low compared to some European countries, but 1 in 5000 donations was viremic. Viremia was predominantly in younger Irish donors. After Department of Health approval the Irish Blood Transfusion Service implemented individual blood donation HEV RNA screening initially for a 3-year period from January 2016.
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- 2016
14. Incidence and duration of hepatitis E virus infection in Dutch blood donors
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Mirjam de Waal, Hans L. Zaaijer, Michel Molier, Marijke W.A. Molenaar-de Backer, Thijs J W van de Laar, Boris M. Hogema, Margret Sjerps, and Peter van Swieten
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business.industry ,viruses ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Immunology ,virus diseases ,Viremia ,Hematology ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Hepatitis E ,medicine.disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Virology ,digestive system diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Viral genetics ,Blood donor ,Hepatitis E virus ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,030212 general & internal medicine ,business ,Hepatitis E virus infection - Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in the Netherlands is high. Blood donors are not routinely screened for HEV infection, but since January 2013, donations used for the production of solvent/detergent (S/D)-treated plasma have been screened for HEV RNA. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Donations were screened for HEV RNA in pools of 96 and 192 donations. In addition, all donations made between 60 days before and after each HEV RNA-positive donation were tested individually for HEV RNA and anti-HEV immunoglobulin G. RESULTS The screening of 59,474 donations between January 2013 and December 2014 resulted in identification of 45 HEV RNA-positive donations (0.076%) from 41 donors. HEV RNA loads ranged from 80 to 2.3 × 106 IU/mL. The number of positive donations increased significantly over time (p = 0.03). Thirty-three of 90 donations made up to 60 days before or after HEV RNA-positive donations were positive when tested individually, while they had not been detected in the pool screening. The mean duration of HEV viremia in the healthy blood donor is estimated to be 68 days. CONCLUSION The incidence of HEV infection in the Netherlands is high and increased during the study period. In 2013 and 2014, HEV RNA was detected in 1 per 762 donations intended for production of S/D plasma.
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- 2015
15. Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii antibodies and chronic Q fever among post-mortal and living donors of tissues and cells from 2010 to 2015 in the Netherlands
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Sonja E van Roeden, Boris M. Hogema, Jacqueline van Beckhoven, Eleonoor W Holsboer, Jorge P van Kats, Marja J. van Wijk, and Jan Jelrik Oosterheert
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Epidemiology ,Blood Donors ,Disease Outbreaks ,tissue donation ,Coxiella ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,Living Donors ,Child ,Netherlands ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Middle Aged ,Antibodies, Bacterial ,Tissue Donors ,Coxiella burnetii ,Child, Preschool ,Population study ,Female ,Public Health ,Antibody ,Research Article ,Adult ,DNA, Bacterial ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,030106 microbiology ,Population ,Q fever ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Virology ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Seroprevalence ,Humans ,transplant ,education ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,business.industry ,screening ,Environmental and Occupational Health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Infant, Newborn ,Outbreak ,Infant ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,biology.protein ,business - Abstract
Background After a large Q fever outbreak in the Netherlands in the period from 2007 to 2010, the risk of Q fever transmission through tissue and cell transplantation from undiagnosed chronic Q fever cases became a potential issue. Aim: We aimed to evaluate the risk of Q fever transmission through tissue and cell transplantation. Methods: We performed a retrospective observational cohort study among 15,133 Dutch donors of tissues and stem cells from 2010 to 2015 to assess seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii antibodies, to identify factors associated with presence of C. burnetii antibodies, and to assess the proportion of undiagnosed chronic Q fever cases. Results: The study population consisted of 9,478 (63%) femoral head donors, 5,090 (34%) post-mortal tissue donors and 565 (4%) cord blood donors. Seroprevalence of C. burnetii antibodies gradually decreased after the outbreak, from 2.1% in 2010 to 1.4% in 2015, with a significant trend in time (p Conclusion: This study shows that seroprevalence of C. burnetii antibodies among donors of tissues and cells in the Netherlands after 2014 was similar to pre-outbreak levels in the general population. The proportion of newly detected chronic Q fever patients among donors of tissues and cells was smaller than 0.1%. This study may prompt discussion on when to terminate the screening programme for chronic Q fever in donors of tissues and cells in the Netherlands.
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- 2018
16. Hepatitis E virus: seroprevalence and frequency of viral RNA detection among US blood donors
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Boris M. Hogema, Erin D. Moritz, Jeffrey M. Linnen, Susan L. Stramer, Matthew Mak, Gregory A. Foster, Roger Y. Dodd, Edgar Ong, and Chee Poh Chia
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Hepatitis ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,biology ,Donor selection ,business.industry ,Immunology ,Nucleic acid test ,Hematology ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,medicine.disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Hepatitis E ,Virology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Hepatitis E virus ,Immunoglobulin M ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Immunology and Allergy ,Seroprevalence ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,business ,Viral load - Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a nonenveloped emerging virus of increasing worldwide interest. Antibody prevalence, RNA frequencies, and transfusion transmissions have been reported. We investigated the HEV RNA and antibody frequencies in US blood donors. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Individual-donation HEV RNA testing was performed on 18,829 donations from six US geographic regions using a CE-marked nucleic acid test (95% limit of detection, 7.9 IU/mL). Repeat-reactive donations were confirmed by in-house, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR; 10.3 IU/mL). Total HEV seroprevalence in a randomly selected subset of donations (n = 4499) was assessed by a direct, double-antigen sandwich assay; reactives were further tested for immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM. As part of the total antibody confirmatory algorithm, the cutoff was adjusted. RESULTS Two donations tested confirmed-positive for RNA (PCR not quantifiable, IgM/IgG positive; and 14 IU/mL, antibody negative) for a frequency of 1 in 9500 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1:2850-1:56,180) and 99.96% specificity (95% CI, 99.92%-99.98%); both donors were from the Midwest United States. Antibody prevalence was 9.5% (95% CI, 8.7-10.5) before the cutoff adjustment and 7.7% (95% CI, 7.0%-8.5%) after adjustment; 0.58% (95% CI, 0.39%-0.85%) were IgM positive. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed comparatively low rates and low viral loads of HEV RNA in US blood donors indicating the need for individual-donation testing if screening is implemented. Antibody prevalence rates were comparable to those reported by one US study using a different assay, but lower than those reported in another study using yet a third assay. We did not answer the question of whether US blood donation screening is warranted. Selective strategies involving providing HEV-negative blood to severely immunosuppressed patients at risk of developing hepatitis may be considered.
- Published
- 2015
17. The yield of universal antibody to hepatitis B core antigen donor screening in the Netherlands, a hepatitis B virus low-endemic country
- Author
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Marijke W.A. Molenaar-de Backer, Hans L. Zaaijer, Tanneke Marijt-van der Kreek, Thijs J W van de Laar, and Boris M. Hogema
- Subjects
Hepatitis B virus ,HBsAg ,biology ,Donor selection ,business.industry ,Immunology ,virus diseases ,Hematology ,Nucleic acid amplification technique ,medicine.disease_cause ,Virology ,digestive system diseases ,Virus ,Titer ,Antigen ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Immunology and Allergy ,Antibody ,business - Abstract
Background In the Netherlands, universal antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) donor screening was introduced in July 2011 to intercept potentially infectious donations slipping through hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA minipool screening (HBV DNA MP6). Study Design and Methods The yield and donor loss were evaluated after the first 2 years of universal anti-HBc donor screening. A total of 382,173 donors were tested for anti-HBc and, if positive, for antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs). Anti-HBc–reactive donors with anti-HBs of less than 200 IU/L were deferred, but repeat donors were allowed retesting after 6 months if anti-HBs was less than 10 IU/mL. Anti-HBc false positivity was estimated using the crude anti-HBc signal, family name–based ethnicity scoring, and donor follow-up. Results Anti-HBc screening identified 13 confirmed or potential HBsAg- and HBV DNA MP6–negative recent HBV infections. In addition, 820 anti-HBc–reactive donors with low anti-HBs titers (
- Published
- 2014
18. Meat consumption is a major risk factor for hepatitis E virus infection
- Author
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Femmeke J. Prinsze, Katja van den Hurk, Michel Molier, Boris M. Hogema, Hans L. Zaaijer, Ed Slot, Public and occupational health, AII - Infectious diseases, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, and Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Swine ,Physiology ,viruses ,lcsh:Medicine ,Blood Donors ,medicine.disease_cause ,Antibodies, Viral ,Geographical Locations ,Eating ,0302 clinical medicine ,Hepatitis E virus ,Animal Products ,Risk Factors ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Pork ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,lcsh:Science ,Pathology and laboratory medicine ,Mammals ,Multidisciplinary ,Transmission (medicine) ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,virus diseases ,food and beverages ,Agriculture ,Medical microbiology ,Middle Aged ,Hepatitis E ,Europe ,Viruses ,Vertebrates ,Female ,Pathogens ,Research Article ,Adult ,Meat ,Adolescent ,Microbiology ,Virus ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,medicine ,Seroprevalence ,Animals ,Humans ,Risk factor ,Nutrition ,Aged ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Viral pathogens ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Hepatitis viruses ,Diet ,Microbial pathogens ,Health Care ,030104 developmental biology ,Food ,Age Groups ,Immunoglobulin G ,Amniotes ,People and Places ,Population Groupings ,lcsh:Q ,business ,Physiological Processes - Abstract
Background The incidence of autochthonous hepatitis E virus genotype 3 (HEV gt3) infections in Western Europe is high. Although pigs are a major reservoir of the virus, the exact sources and transmission route(s) of HEV gt3 to humans remain unclear. Methods To determine the role of meat consumption at a population level, the seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG antibodies was compared between Dutch blood donors with a vegetarian lifestyle and donors who consume meat on a daily basis. Results The age-weighted anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence among donors not eating meat was significantly lower than among meat-eating donors (12.4% vs 20.5%, p = 0.002). For both groups the prevalence strongly increased with age and the difference in prevalence was apparent for all age groups. Conclusions Compared with meat-eating donors, the incidence of HEV infection is significantly lower among donors not eating meat, indicating that meat consumption is a major risk factor for HEV infection.
- Published
- 2017
19. Past and present of hepatitis <scp>E</scp> in the <scp>N</scp> etherlands
- Author
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Boris M. Hogema, Michel Molier, Ed Slot, Hans L. Zaaijer, Landsteiner Laboratory, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, and Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,viruses ,Immunology ,Antibodies, Viral ,medicine.disease_cause ,Donor Selection ,Blood donations ,Hepatitis E virus ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Seroprevalence ,Transfusion Complications ,Aged ,Netherlands ,Retrospective Studies ,Routine screening ,biology ,Donor selection ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Age Factors ,virus diseases ,Hematology ,Middle Aged ,Hepatitis E ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,digestive system diseases ,Immunoglobulin G ,biology.protein ,RNA, Viral ,Female ,Antibody ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Background Recent studies show that endemic hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection occurs frequently in some developed countries. In the Netherlands in 2013, the routine screening of 35,220 plasma donations for HEV RNA showed 20 donors to be viremic (1:1761), which seems to contradict reports of declining HEV seroprevalence in the recent past. Study Design and Methods To asses HEV infection pressure changes over time, archived samples from Dutch blood donations collected in 1988 and 2000 were tested for anti-HEV immunoglobulin (Ig)G. The findings were compared to the HEV seroprevalence among donors in 2011. Results The age-adjusted prevalence of anti-HEV IgG for Dutch donors aged 18 to 64 declined from 46.6% in 1988 to 27.3% in 2000 and to 20.9% in 2011. The reduction of seroprevalence was apparent for all age groups between 1988 and 2000, and for donors older than 40 between 2000 and 2011, but the seroprevalence among donors aged 18 to 29 increased between 2000 and 2011. Recent changes in HEV infection pressure are more apparent in the youngest donors, who to a lesser extent reflect cumulative exposure to HEV in the past. Donors aged 18 to 21 showed decreasing HEV seroprevalence from 19.8% in 1988 to 7.0% in 1995 and to 4.3% in 2000, followed by an increase to 12.7% in 2011. Conclusion HEV antibody patterns in young and old Dutch donors, in 1988 to 2011, suggest that decades ago, HEV was ubiquitous and most persons acquired infection. Subsequently HEV incidence was low during a prolonged period, to increase again in recent years.
- Published
- 2014
20. Frequent hepatitis E in the Netherlands without traveling or immunosuppression
- Author
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Boris M. Hogema, Hans M. Koot, Hans L. Zaaijer, M. Molier, M. Koot, Landsteiner Laboratory, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, and Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,medicine.medical_treatment ,viruses ,medicine.disease_cause ,Immunocompromised Host ,Young Adult ,Hepatitis E virus ,Virology ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,Genotyping ,Phylogeny ,Aged ,Netherlands ,Hepatitis ,Immunosuppression Therapy ,Travel ,Transmission (medicine) ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,Hepatitis A ,Infant ,virus diseases ,Immunosuppression ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Hepatitis E ,digestive system diseases ,Infectious Diseases ,Child, Preschool ,Immunology ,RNA, Viral ,Female ,Viral hepatitis ,business - Abstract
Background and objective In several Western countries, silent endemic hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is common among blood donors. Immunocompromised persons may develop chronic hepatitis E, but the relevance of endemic HEV for immunocompetent persons remains largely unknown. We investigated the immune status and travel history in cases of hepatitis E in the Netherlands. Study design Between January 2009 and May 2014, physicians throughout the Netherlands submitted samples from 4067 hepatitis patients to Sanquin Diagnostic Services for HEV antibody testing. For the 144 patients testing positive for HEV IgM and HEV RNA, travel behavior and immune status were assessed. Complete information was obtained for 81 patients. Results Surprisingly, the majority of patients (52/81, 64%) were immunocompetent and did not travel outside Europe. HEV genotyping was obtained for 47 non-traveling patients, all concerned HEV genotype 3. Discussion Our findings suggest that currently in Western countries the impact of hepatitis E for non-traveling, immunocompetent persons is underestimated. Historically cases of hepatitis A, B and C, but not cases of hepatitis E, are notifiable and warrant preventive measures. However, in parts of Western Europe HEV may have become the most important source of viral hepatitis, in immunocompetent and in immunosuppressed persons. Pending measures against the ongoing transmission of HEV genotype 3 in parts of Europe, physicians should consider hepatitis E in dealing with new hepatitis patients.
- Published
- 2015
21. Comparison of the performance of IFA, CFA, and ELISA assays for the serodiagnosis of acute Q fever by quality assessment
- Author
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Bart Vlaminckx, Peter M. Schneeberger, Inge H.M. van Loo, M. C. A. Wegdam-Blans, Marion Koopmans, J.M.D. Galama, Marcel F. Peeters, Tineke Herremans, Anton Horrevorts, Didier Raoult, Boris M. Hogema, William L. Nicholson, Daan W. Notermans, John Stenos, H.A. Bijlmer, Hans L. Zaaijer, Marrigje Nabuurs, Hanneke Berkhout, Cristina Socolovschi, Carla Nijhuis, MUMC+: DA MMI Staf (9), Family Medicine, Medische Microbiologie, and RS: FHML non-thematic output
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,International Cooperation ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique ,Q fever ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Serology ,Internal medicine ,Chronic Q fever ,medicine ,Humans ,Serologic Tests ,Netherlands ,Bacteriological Techniques ,Indirect immunofluorescence ,biology ,Quality assessment ,business.industry ,Complement Fixation Tests ,Australia ,Pathogenesis and modulation of inflammation Infection and autoimmunity [N4i 1] ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Coxiella burnetii ,biology.organism_classification ,Serum samples ,Complement fixation test ,United States ,Infectious Diseases ,Immunology ,France ,business - Abstract
The indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) is considered the reference method for diagnosing Q fever, but serology is also performed by complement fixation assay (CFA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). However, comparability between these assays is not clear, and therefore a quality assessment was performed. A total of 25 serum samples from negative controls, Q fever patients, and a serial diluted high-positive sample were analyzed in 10 Dutch laboratories. Six laboratories performed CFA, 5 performed IFA, and 5 performed ELISAs. Three international reference laboratories from Australia, France, and the USA also participated in this study. Qualitative values between laboratories using the same methods were within close range, and all 3 methods correctly identified acute Q fever patients. The IFA, ELISA, and CFA are all suitable serodiagnostic assays to diagnose acute Q fever, but the IFA remains an important tool in the follow-up of patients and in identifying patients at risk for developing chronic Q fever.
- Published
- 2013
22. Risk Factors and Screening for Trypanosoma cruzi Infection of Dutch Blood Donors
- Author
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Ed Slot, Aldert Bart, Boris M. Hogema, Michel Molier, Hans L. Zaaijer, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, and Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention
- Subjects
Male ,Blood transfusion ,Physiology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,lcsh:Medicine ,Blood Donors ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Biochemistry ,Geographical Locations ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Immune Physiology ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Young adult ,lcsh:Science ,Netherlands ,Protozoans ,Multidisciplinary ,Immune System Proteins ,biology ,Transmission (medicine) ,Hematology ,Middle Aged ,Clinical Laboratory Sciences ,Body Fluids ,Europe ,Blood ,cardiovascular system ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Antibody ,Anatomy ,Research Article ,Neglected Tropical Diseases ,Chagas disease ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Trypanosoma ,Adolescent ,Trypanosoma cruzi ,030231 tropical medicine ,Immunology ,Asymptomatic ,Antibodies ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Diagnostic Medicine ,Internal medicine ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Parasitic Diseases ,Humans ,Chagas Disease ,Blood Transfusion ,Risk factor ,Aged ,Protozoan Infections ,business.industry ,Transfusion Medicine ,lcsh:R ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Proteins ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Tropical Diseases ,Parasitic Protozoans ,Health Care ,Blood Counts ,People and Places ,biology.protein ,lcsh:Q ,business - Abstract
Background Blood donors unaware of Trypanosoma cruzi infection may donate infectious blood. Risk factors and the presence of T. cruzi antibodies in at-risk Dutch blood donors were studied to assess whether specific blood safety measures are warranted in the Netherlands. Methodology Birth in a country endemic for Chagas disease (CEC), having a mother born in a CEC, or having resided for at least six continuous months in a CEC were considered risk factors for T. cruzi infection. From March through September 2013, risk factor questions were asked to all donors who volunteered to donate blood or blood components. Serum samples were collected from donors reporting one or more risk factors, and screened for IgG antibodies to T. cruzi by EIA. Results Risk factors for T. cruzi infection were reported by 1,426 of 227,278 donors (0.6%). Testing 1,333 at-risk donors, none (0.0%; 95%, CI 0.0–0.4%) was seroreactive for IgG antibodies to T. cruzi. A total of 472 donors were born in a CEC; 553 donors reported their mother being born in a CEC; and 1,121 donors reported a long-term stay in a CEC. The vast majority of reported risk factors were related to Suriname and Brazil. Overall, the participants resided for 7,694 years in CECs, which equals 2.8 million overnight stays. Of those, 1.9 million nights were spent in Suriname. Conclusions/Significance Asymptomatic T. cruzi infection appears to be extremely rare among Dutch blood donors. Blood safety interventions to mitigate the risk of T. cruzi transmission by transfusion would be highly cost-ineffective in the Netherlands, and are thus not required.
- Published
- 2016
23. Low transfusion transmission of hepatitis E among 25,637 single-donation, nucleic acid-tested blood donors
- Author
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Bitten Aagaard Jensen, Christian Erikstrup, Boris M Hogema, Sofie Midgley, Dorte Kinggaard Holm, Thea Kølsen Fischer, Susanne Gjørup Sækmose, Jesper Schak Krog, Henrik Ullum, and Lene Holm Harritshøj
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Genotype ,Swine ,viruses ,Immunology ,Population ,Blood Donors ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Hepatitis E virus ,Journal Article ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,Phylogeny ,Retrospective Studies ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Nucleic acid test ,virus diseases ,Hematology ,Hepatitis E ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,digestive system diseases ,Immunoglobulin M ,biology.protein ,RNA, Viral ,Female ,Antibody ,business ,Viral load - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis E virus genotype-3 (HEV-gt-3) causes autochthonous infections in western countries, with a primary reservoir in animals, especially pigs. HEV transfusion transmission has been reported, and HEV-gt-3 prevalence is high in some European countries. The prevalence of HEV RNA was investigated among Danish blood donors, and the prevalence of HEV transfusion-transmitted infection (TTI) was investigated among recipients.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Samples from 25,637 consenting donors collected during 1 month in 2015 were screened retrospectively using an individual-donation HEV RNA nucleic acid test with a 95% detection probability of 7.9 IU/mL. HEV-positive samples were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and genotyped. Transmission was evaluated among recipients of HEV RNA-positive blood components. Phylogenetic analyses compared HEV sequences from blood donors, symptomatic patients, and swine.RESULTS: Eleven donations (0.04%) were confirmed as positive for HEV RNA (median HEV RNA level, 13 IU/mL). Two donations were successfully genotyped as HEV-gt-3. Only one donor had a travel history outside Europe. Nine of 11 donors were male, but the gender ratio was nonsignificant compared with the total donor population. Seven available recipients tested negative for HEV RNA and anti-HEV immunoglobulin M in follow-up samples. One recipient was HEV RNA-negative but anti-HEV immunoglobulin G-positive. HEV TTI was considered unlikely, but a transfusion-induced secondary immune response could not be excluded. Phylogenetic analysis showed relatively large sequence differences between HEV from donors, symptomatic patients, and swine.CONCLUSIONS: Despite an HEV RNA prevalence of 0.04% in Danish blood donations, all HEV-positive donations carried low viral loads, and no evidence of TTI was found.
- Published
- 2016
24. Lookback procedures after postdonation notifications during a Q fever outbreak in the Netherlands
- Author
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Boris M. Hogema, Ed Slot, Marian G.J. van Kraaij, and Hans L. Zaaijer
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Blood transfusion ,biology ,Transmission (medicine) ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Medical record ,Immunology ,Outbreak ,Q fever ,Hematology ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,Coxiella burnetii ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,bacteria ,Immunology and Allergy ,business ,Contact tracing ,Whole blood - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Since 2007, large outbreaks of Q fever occurred in the Netherlands. The unprecedented number of Q fever infections resulted in the need for the Dutch blood transfusion service to evaluate the risk of transmission of Coxiella burnetii via blood. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A lookback procedure (recipient tracing) was performed for transfused blood products of whole blood donors with confirmed C. burnetii infection within 3 weeks before to 3 weeks after blood donation. Repository samples of index donations were tested with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for C. burnetii DNA. Hospitals were asked to review the medical records of recipients and—if considered necessary—to test the recipients for infection with C. burnetii. RESULTS: From 2007 through 2011, a total of 33 blood donors notified the blood bank of infection with C. burnetii. Thirteen donations fulfilled the criteria for a lookback procedure (18 blood products). C. burnetii PCR was positive in 1 of 13 repository samples of index donations. Blood products were transfused to 18 recipients. Information was retrieved from 12 of them; seven were tested for C. burnetii. Two recipients showed positive serology. However, transmission of C. burnetii via transfusion was unlikely, especially since most recipients lived in the same Q fever–affected area as the donors. CONCLUSION: Blood donors who have clinical Q fever around the time of blood donation are unlikely to test positive for C. burnetii by PCR in repository samples. Transmission of C. burnetii via transfusion of blood products could not be demonstrated in a lookback exercise.
- Published
- 2012
25. Acute and Chronic Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected U.S. Women
- Author
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Kenrad E. Nelson, Mark H. Kuniholm, Edgar Ong, Jeffrey M. Linnen, Boris M. Hogema, Yue Chen, Kathryn Anastos, Eric C. Seaberg, Marco Koppelman, and Marion G. Peters
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,viruses ,Population ,Viremia ,HIV Infections ,medicine.disease_cause ,Article ,Virus ,03 medical and health sciences ,Liver disease ,0302 clinical medicine ,Hepatitis E virus ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Hepatology ,business.industry ,virus diseases ,medicine.disease ,Hepatitis E ,Virology ,digestive system diseases ,030104 developmental biology ,Immunology ,Chronic Disease ,Coinfection ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Female ,business - Abstract
Exposure to hepatitis E virus (HEV) is common in the United States, but there are few data on prevalence of HEV/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection in U.S. populations. We tested 2,919 plasma samples collected from HIV-infected (HIV+) women and men enrolled in U.S. cohort studies for HEV viremia using a high-throughput nucleic acid testing (NAT) platform. NAT+ samples were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Samples were selected for testing primarily on the basis of biomarkers of liver disease and immune suppression. Prevalence of HEV viremia was 3 of 2,606 and 0 of 313 in tested plasma samples collected from HIV+ women and men, respectively. All HEV isolates were genotype 3a. Based on follow-up testing of stored samples, 1 woman had chronic HEV infection for >4 years whereas 2 women had acute HEV detectable at only a single study visit. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of chronic HEV infection in an HIV+ U.S. individual. We also confirm that chronic HEV infection can persist despite a CD4+ count >200 cells/mm3. Overall, though, these data suggest that HEV infection is rare in the HIV+ U.S. population. (Hepatology 2016;63:712–720)
- Published
- 2015
26. A Q Fever Outbreak in the Netherlands: Consequences for Tissue Banking
- Author
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D. Willemijn Maas, Boris M. Hogema, Marja J. van Wijk, and Arlinke G. Bokhorst
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,Donor selection ,Transmission (medicine) ,business.industry ,Zoonosis ,Outbreak ,Q fever ,Hematology ,medicine.disease ,Coxiella burnetii ,biology.organism_classification ,Original Article · Originalarbeit ,Tissue bank ,Immunology ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Risk assessment ,Intensive care medicine ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Emerging infectious diseases can compromise the safety of tissues for transplantations. A recent outbreak of Q fever, a zoonosis caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii, in the Netherlands compelled the Dutch tissue banks to assess the risk of Q fever transmission through tissue transplantation in order to maintain optimal safety. MATHODS: This article describes the systematic approach that was followed in the Netherlands. This approach included a review of the literature, a qualitative risk assessment, expert opinion gathering and investigations for specific strategies that can help to maintain the balance between tissue safety and availability. RESULTS: This resulted in a specific donor selection policy and in development of further research to fill in gaps in knowledge about Q fever in tissue transplantation. CONCLUSION: The strategy described in this article may be useful for tissue bankers facing similar outbreaks of emerging infections or may be useful for development of future guidelines or assessment strategies for tissue banking.
- Published
- 2011
27. Evaluation of a fourth-generation avidity assay for recent HIV infections among men who have sex with men in Amsterdam
- Author
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Gary Murphy, Boris M. Hogema, Titia Heijman, Eline L. M. Op de Coul, Maarten Koot, Johan S. A. Fennema, and J Sane
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Gerontology ,Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV Infections ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Men who have sex with men ,Young Adult ,Fourth generation ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Avidity ,Serologic Tests ,Aged ,Netherlands ,Aged, 80 and over ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Population Surveillance ,business - Published
- 2014
28. Identifying recently acquired HIV infections among newly diagnosed men who have sex with men attending STI clinics in The Netherlands
- Author
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Boris M. Hogema, Hannelore M Götz, Titia Heijman, Eline L. M. Op de Coul, Maarten Koot, Maaike G. van Veen, Johan S. A. Fennema, and J Sane
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,Time Factors ,Sexual Behavior ,Population ,Psychological intervention ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV Infections ,Dermatology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Logistic regression ,Men who have sex with men ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Homosexuality, Male ,education ,Netherlands ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Public health ,Incidence ,virus diseases ,Viral Load ,medicine.disease ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,Infectious Diseases ,Population Surveillance ,Immunology ,business ,Viral load - Abstract
Objectives The current surveillance system in The Netherlands cannot differentiate recent HIV infections from established infections, which is crucial for estimating the HIV incidence; this information is needed for assessing trends of the HIV epidemic and the impact of prevention interventions. We determined the proportion of recent HIV infections (RI) and estimated HIV incidence using a recent infection testing algorithm (RITA) among men who have sex with men (MSM) newly diagnosed as having HIV attending sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics. Methods Plasma samples collected between 2009 and 2011 were tested for RI with the Architect HIV Ag/Ab Combo immunoassay. Data on viral load, CD4 count and previous HIV testing were incorporated into the RITA. HIV incidence and 95% CIs were estimated. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with RI. Results Of the 251 samples tested for RI, 78/251 (31%) infections were determined as recent by the RITA. No significant change over time was observed. The estimated HIV incidence in this high-risk MSM population was 3.3 per 100 person-years (95% CI 2.5 to 4.1). The only factor associated with RI in the multivariable model was being tested for HIV ≥3 times in the past (aOR=7.4; 95% CI 2.0 to 27.8). Conclusions The proportion of RIs was comparable to studies in similar settings in Europe. Implementation of the RITA for routine surveillance in The Netherlands to assess trends in RIs over time, to study the infections in other groups and to inform public health actions, is being planned.
- Published
- 2014
29. Relation between Q fever notifications and Coxiella burnetii infections during the 2009 outbreak in the Netherlands
- Author
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Hans L. Zaaijer, Frederika Dijkstra, W. van der Hoek, Ariene Rietveld, Boris M. Hogema, Peter M. Schneeberger, and C.J. Wijkmans
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,Epidemiology ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Outbreak ,Q fever ,Notification system ,Coxiella burnetii ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Chronic Q fever ,Medicine ,Seroconversion ,business ,Medical attention ,Subclinical infection - Abstract
Large outbreaks of Q fever in the Netherlands from 2007 to 2009 were monitored using notification data of acute clinical Q fever. However, the notification system provides no information on infections that remain subclinical or for which no medical attention is sought. The present study was carried out immediately after the peak of the 2009 outbreak to estimate the ratio between Coxiella burnetii infections and Q fever notifications. In 23 postcode areas in the high-incidence area, notification rates were compared with seroconversion rates in blood donors from whom serial samples were available. This resulted in a ratio of one Q fever notification to 12.6 incident infections of C. burnetii. This ratio is time and place specific and is based on a small number of seroconversions, but is the best available factor for estimating the total number of infections. In addition, as subclinical C. burnetii infection may lead to chronic Q fever, the ratio can be used to estimate the expected number of chronic Q fever patients in the coming years and as input for cost-benefit analyses of screening options.
- Published
- 2012
30. Therapeutic intervention in mice deficient for succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria)
- Author
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Erwin E. W. Jansen, Boris M. Hogema, Rachel Greven, K. Michael Gibson, Cornelis Jakobs, Maneesh Gupta, Hilke Bartels, Wolfgang Froestl, Markus Grompe, and O. Carter Snead
- Subjects
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency ,Taurine ,Genotype ,Survival ,Longevity ,Pharmacology ,Vigabatrin ,Succinic semialdehyde ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mice ,Organophosphorus Compounds ,Medicine ,Animals ,gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ,Mice, Knockout ,business.industry ,Body Weight ,GHB receptor ,Antagonist ,medicine.disease ,Aldehyde Oxidoreductases ,Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Benzocycloheptenes ,Phenotype ,chemistry ,Taste ,Molecular Medicine ,Succinate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase ,business ,Sodium Oxybate ,CGP-35348 ,Injections, Intraperitoneal ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Therapeutic intervention for human succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency (gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria) has been limited to vigabatrin (VGB). Pharmacologically, VGB should be highly effective due to 4-aminobutyrate-transaminase (GABA-transaminase) inhibition, lowering succinic semialdehyde and, thereby, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) levels. Unfortunately, clinical efficacy has been limited. Because GHB possesses a number of potential receptor interactions, we addressed the hypothesis that antagonism of these interactions in mice with SSADH deficiency could lead to the development of novel treatment strategies for human patients. SSADH-deficient mice have significantly elevated tissue GHB levels, are neurologically impaired, and die within 4 weeks postnatally. In the current report, we compared oral versus intraperitoneal administration of VGB, CGP 35348 [3-aminopropyl(diethoxymethyl)phosphinic acid, a GABA(B) receptor antagonist], and the nonprotein amino acid taurine in rescue of SSADH-deficient mice from early death. In addition, we assessed the efficacy of the specific GHB receptor antagonist NCS-382 (6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5-[H]benzocycloheptene-5-ol-6-ylideneacetic acid) using i.p. administration. All interventions led to significant lifespan extension (22-61%), with NCS-382 being most effective (50-61% survival). To explore the limited human clinical efficacy of VGB, we measured brain GHB and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in SSADH-deficient mice receiving VGB. Whereas high-dose VGB led to the expected elevation of brain GABA, we found no parallel decrease in GHB levels. Our data indicate that, at a minimum, GHB and GABA(B) receptors are involved in the pathophysiology of SSADH deficiency. We conclude that taurine and NCS-382 may have therapeutic relevance in human SSADH deficiency and that the poor clinical efficacy of VGB in this disease may relate to an inability to decrease brain GHB concentrations.
- Published
- 2002
31. P3.129 Identifying Recently Acquired HIV Infections Among Newly Diagnosed Men Who Have Sex with Men in the Netherlands
- Author
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Boris M. Hogema, Maarten Koot, Han S. A. Fennema, Titia Heijman, Hannelore M Götz, E L M Op de Coul, M G van Veen, and J Sane
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,virus diseases ,Dermatology ,Newly diagnosed ,medicine.disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Confidence interval ,Men who have sex with men ,Infectious Diseases ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Internal medicine ,Immunology ,medicine ,Avidity ,business ,Viral load - Abstract
Background The number of newly diagnosed HIV infections among men who have sex with men (MSM) has gradually increased in the Netherlands during the past decade. However, the current HIV surveillance system cannot differentiate recent HIV infections from longstanding HIV infections. We determined the proportion of recent HIV infections (RI) and estimated HIV incidence using Recent Infection Testing Algorithm (RITA) among newly diagnosed HIV infections among MSM in Amsterdam and Rotterdam. Methods Plasma samples (n = 251) collected from newly HIV-diagnosed MSM during 2009–2011 at the STI clinics in Amsterdam and Rotterdam were analysed in the study. To test for recent infections, anti-HIV avidity index (AI) was measured in plasma with Architect HIV Ag/Ab Combo immunoassay. Samples were classified as recent if the AI was ≤ 0.80. Data on viral load, CD4 count and previous HIV testing were incorporated in the RITA algorithm to minimise false recent infections. HIV incidence and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using previously described methods. Results Of the 251 samples from MSM, 83 were classified as recent by the avidity index. Five cases were reclassified as non-recent based on low CD4 count (n = 2) and viral load (n = 2) and history of HIV infection (n = 1) and thus, 78/251 (31%) infections were determined as recent on RITA. Proportions of RIs in 2009, 2010 and 2011 were 32%, 28% and 33%, respectively. The estimate for combined incidence was 1.5% per year (95% CI 1.17–1.83). No significant changes over time were observed. Conclusions This study estimated the proportion of RIs and HIV incidence among MSM in the Netherlands using the RITA algorithm for the first time. The proportion of RIs was comparable to similar studies in other European countries such as the UK, which however used different methodology.
- Published
- 2013
32. High prevalence of hepatitis B virus dual infection with genotypes A and G in HIV-1 infected men in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, during 2000-2011
- Author
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Nicole K. T. Back, Suzanne Jurriaans, Marion Cornelissen, Hans L. Zaaijer, Boris M. Hogema, Ben Berkhout, Margreet Bakker, Fokla Zorgdrager, Antoinette C. van der Kuyl, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, and Landsteiner Laboratory
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hepatitis B virus ,Genotype ,HIV Infections ,medicine.disease_cause ,Medical microbiology ,Genetic variation ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Netherlands ,business.industry ,Coinfection ,virus diseases ,Hepatitis B ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,digestive system diseases ,Infectious Diseases ,Parasitology ,Tropical medicine ,Immunology ,DNA, Viral ,HIV-1 ,business ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is divided into 8 definite (A-H) and 2 putative (I, J) genotypes that show a geographical distribution. HBV genotype G, however, is an aberrant genotype of unknown origin that demonstrates severe replication deficiencies and very little genetic variation. It is often found in co-infections with another HBV genotype and infection has been associated with certain risk groups such as intravenous drug users and men having sex with men (MSM). We aimed to estimate the prevalence of HBV-G in the Netherlands by analysing samples from HBV-positive patients visiting the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam. Methods Ninety-six HBV-infected patients, genotyped as HBV-A or HBV-G infected, were retrieved from the clinical database. Blood plasma samples were analysed with a newly-developed real-time PCR assay that detects HBV-A and HBV-G. For three patients, the HBV plasma viral load (pVL) of both genotypes was followed longitudinally. In addition, three complete genomes of HBV-G were sequenced to determine their relationship to global HBV-G strains. Results Ten HBV-G infections were found in the selected Dutch patients. All concerned HIV-1 infected males with HBV-A co-infection. Dutch HBV-G strains were phylogenetically closely related to reference HBV-G strains. Conclusions In this study, HBV-G infection in the Netherlands is found exclusively in HIV-1 infected men as co-infection with HBV-A. A considerable percentage (37%) of men infected with HBV and HIV-1 are actually co- infected with two HBV genotypes.
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33. Silent hepatitis E virus infection in Dutch blood donors, 2011 to 2012
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Hans L. Zaaijer, T. M. Kok, Annelies Riezebos-Brilman, E. Slot, M. Molier, Boris M. Hogema, Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Landsteiner Laboratory, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, and Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention
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Adult ,Male ,Epidemiology ,viruses ,NETHERLANDS ,ENGLAND ,FRANCE ,Blood Donors ,medicine.disease_cause ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,FOOD-BORNE ,Hepatitis E virus ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,Virology ,Genotype ,Humans ,Seroprevalence ,Medicine ,Hepatitis Antibodies ,Genotyping ,Aged ,biology ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,DEVELOPED-COUNTRIES ,virus diseases ,Middle Aged ,digestive system diseases ,Hepatitis E ,PREVALENCE ,IGG SEROPREVALENCE ,Blood donor ,Immunoglobulin M ,ORGAN-TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS ,Immunoglobulin G ,Food borne ,Immunology ,ANTIBODIES ,biology.protein ,RNA, Viral ,RNA ,Female ,Antibody ,business ,Hepatitis E virus infection - Abstract
In Europe, the dynamics of endemic hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection remain enigmatic. We studied the presence of silent HEV infection among Dutch blood donors. Using donations collected throughout the Netherlands in 2011 and 2012, 40,176 donations were tested for HEV RNA in 459 pools of 48 or 480 donations. Deconstruction of the reactive pools identified 13 viraemic donors. In addition, 5,239 donors were tested for presence of anti-HEV IgG and IgM and for HEV RNA when IgM-positive. Of the 5,239 donations, 1,401 (27%) tested repeat-positive for HEV IgG, of which 49 (3.5%) also tested positive for anti-HEV IgM. Four of the HEV IgM-positive donors tested positive for HEV RNA. HEV IgG seroprevalence ranged from 13% among donors younger than 30 years to 43% in donors older than 60 years. The finding of 17 HEV RNA-positive donations among 45,415 donations corresponds to one HEV-positive blood donation per day in the Netherlands. For 16 of the 17 HEV RNA-positive donors, genotyping succeeded, revealing HEV genotype 3, which is circulating among Dutch pigs. Apparently, silent HEV infection is common in the Netherlands, which possibly applies to larger parts of Europe.
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