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Despite the emergence of various new wound care products, millions of people continue to suffer from complications associated with acute and chronic wounds. Nanomaterials offer a variety of strategies to accelerate wound closure and promote appropriate progression through the stages of healing, which will be detailed in this review. The small size of nanomaterials enhances penetration and permeation of tissues and lends a large surface area-to-volume ratio, ideal for topical drug delivery. Furthermore, nanofibers may be utilized to create nanoscaffold wound dressings that simulate the topographic appearance of endogenous extracellular matrix, thereby stimulating wound reepithelialization and collagen production. Together, nanomaterials offer many approaches to reduce the morbidity associated with acute and chronic wounds, as demonstrated by a substantial body of pre-clinical data. Future investigations should aim to address the paucity of human clinical trial data, essential for translating wound-healing benefits from bench to bedside.

Poor wound healing is a major source of morbidity and mortality for millions of diabetic patients. Diabetic wounds can lead to severe infections, prolonged hospitalizations, amputations and an overall markedly decreased quality of life. Diabetic wounds fail to heal secondary to several perturbations in the wound healing process. Here, we present a review of the direct barriers to diabetic wound healing as well as innovative therapeutic options to improve outcomes in diabetic wounds.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:13:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-10-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Systemic therapies are preferred for treating dermal dermatophytosis due to inadequate penetration of topical agents. However, systemic antifungals are associated with off-target effects and limited tissue penetration, and antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern. To address this, we investigated topical nitric oxide-releasing nanoparticles (NO-np), which have been used against superficial fungal infections and bacterial abscesses. In addition to enhanced penetration and permeation conferred by nanoparticles, nitric oxide, a broad-spectrum multi-mechanistic antimicrobial agent, offers decreased likelihood of resistance development. In the current study, NO-np inhibited Trichophyton rubrum in vitro, as well as in a murine model of dermal dermatophytosis. In mice, NO-np reduced fungal burden after three days, with complete clearance after seven. Furthermore, NO-np decreased tissue IL-2, 6, 10 and TNFα, indicating earlier attenuation of the host inflammatory response and decreased tissue morbidity. Thus, topical NO-np represent an attractive alternative to systemic therapy against dermal T. rubrum infection. Department of Medicine (Division of Dermatology) Albert Einstein College of Medicine Department of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases) Albert Einstein College of Medicine Departamento de Análises Clínicas Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Department of Microbiology & Immunology Albert Einstein College of Medicine Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy Programa de Inmunología Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile Department of Physiology & Biophysics Albert Einstein College of Medicine Department of Dermatology George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences Departamento de Análises Clínicas Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) CNPq: 150261/2016-0 CAPES: 99999.007910/2014-02