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OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de sintomas relacionados à asma, à rinite e ao eczema atópico em adolescentes (13-14 anos, AD) residentes em sete cidades brasileiras com o questionário escrito (QE) padronizado do International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (Isaac) e verificar a tendência temporal passados nove anos da última avaliação do Isaac fase 3 (ISF3). MÉTODOS: O QE Isaac foi respondido por 20.099 AD (13-14 anos) moradores em centros das regiões Norte, Nordeste, Sudeste e Sul. Os índices obtidos foram comparados aos do ISF3 com o teste não paramétrico (qui-quadrado ou Fisher) e foi estabelecida a taxa de incremento/decremento anual para cada um dos centros segundo o sintoma avaliado. RESULTADOS: Em relação ao ISF3, considerando-se os dados nacionais, houve queda da prevalência média de asma ativa (18,5% vs. 17,5%) com elevação da frequência de asma grave (4,5% vs. 4,7%) e de asma diagnosticada por médico (14,3% vs. 17,6%). Aumento da prevalência de rinite e rinoconjuntivite e de eczema flexural também ocorreram. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de asma, rinite e eczema atópico no Brasil foi variável. Valores mais altos, sobretudo de asma e eczema, foram observados nos centros localizados mais próximos ao Equador. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, and atopic eczema in adolescents (AD; 13-14 years) living in seven Brazilian cities, by applying the standardized written questionnaire (WQ) of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), and to evaluate the time trend nine years after the last assessment of ISAAC phase 3 (ISP3). METHODS: The ISAAC-WQ was answered by 20,099 AD from the Northern, Northeastern, Southeastern, and Southern Brazilian regions. Values obtained were compared to those observed in ISP3 using nonparametric (chi-squared or Fisher) tests, and the ratio of annual increment/decrement was established for each of the centers, according to the symptom assessed. RESULTS: Considering the national data and comparing to values of ISP3, there was a decrease in the mean prevalence of active asthma (18.5% vs. 17.5%) and an increase in the frequency of severe asthma (4.5% vs. 4.7%) and physician-diagnosed asthma (14.3% vs. 17.6%). An increase in prevalence of rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema was also observed. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of asthma, rhinitis, and atopic eczema in Brazil was variable; higher prevalence values, especially of asthma and eczema, were observed in regions located closer to the Equator. Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Department of Pediatrics Universidade Federal do Paraná Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Department of Pediatrics Universidade Estadual do Pará Universidade Federal de Alagoas Department of Pediatrics Universidade Federal de Sergipe Department of Pediatrics Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Department of Pediatrics Universidade de Santiago UNIFESP, EPM, Department of Pediatrics SciELO

Background The prevalence of asthma in the Brazilian Amazon region is unknown. We studied the prevalence of asthma and associated factors in adolescents (13–14 years old) living in Belem, a large urban centre in this region. Methods 3725 adolescents were evaluated according to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) protocol and a random sample of them (126 asthmatics and 254 non-asthmatics) were assessed for possible risk factors by a supplementary questionnaire (ISAAC Phase II) and skin prick tests with aeroallergens. The association between asthma and associated factors was determined by logistic regression analysis. Results 3708 adolescents were enrolled, 48% were male. The prevalence of asthma in the last 12 months (identified as asthmatics) and the medical diagnosis of asthma were 20.7% and 29.3%, respectively. Risk factors significantly associated with asthma were: previous diagnosis of tuberculosis (odds ratio [OR] = 38.9; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 4.6–328.0) and measles (OR = 4.7; 95% CI: 2.3–9.8), breastfeeding for any length of time (OR = 4.2; 95% CI: 1.1–15.2), current rhinitis (OR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.8–5.9), exposure to smokers (OR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.2–4.5), moisture in home (OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1–3.2) and rhinitis diagnosed by physician (OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2–2.9). Sensitisation to at least one aeroallergen was significantly higher among asthmatic adolescents (86.5% vs. 32.4%; p Conclusions The prevalence of asthma was similar to that observed in other Brazilian centres. Physician-diagnosed asthma was more frequent than the presence of symptoms suggestive of asthma. Infectious diseases, nutritional and environmental factors, as well as concomitant allergic rhinitis, were the main risk factors associated with the development of asthma in these adolescents.

RESUMO Objetivo: Doencas alergicas afetam atualmente um quarto da populacao mundial. Em nosso meio, acaros da poeira domestica sao os principais aeroalergenos intradomiciliares. Os objetivos deste estudo caso-controle foram verificar a prevalencia de sensibilizacao a aeroalergenos em adolescentes de Belem, PA, e investigar sua correlacao com asma. Metodos: A amostra foi feita por conveniencia, incluindo 104 adolescentes de 13 e 14 anos participantes do International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) e que realizaram teste cutâneo de hipersensibilidade imediata (TCHI) com painel de extratos incluindo Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Blomia tropi- calis, epitelios de cao e gato, mistura de fungos, Alternaria alternata, mistura de polens, Blattella germanica e Periplaneta americana. Resultado positivo do TCHI foi considerado como presenca de papula de diâmetro medio superior a 3 mm apos aplicacao do extrato. Asma ativa foi definida por presenca de sibilos nos ultimos 12 meses, e gravidade da asma foi caracterizada por dificuldade de falar duas palavras entre cada respiracao. Resultados: Sensibilizacao a aeroalergenos ocorreu com maior frequencia para B. tropicalis (34,6%), D. pteronyssinus (29,8%) e epitelio de cao (17,3%). Positividade para extrato de mistura de fungos ocorreu em 21% dos adolescentes asmaticos, mostrando 84% de acuracia no diagnostico de asma. Entretanto, positividade a nenhum alergeno foi util para estimar gravidade da asma. Conclusoes: Sensibilizacao a acaros D. pteronyssinus e B. tropicalis foi encontrada com maior frequencia entre adolescentes com e sem asma. Testes cutâneos positivos para mistura de fungos mostraram valor diagnostico para asma, entretanto nao houve correlacao com gravidade de asma para nenhum dos alergenos testados. Descritores: Alergenos, testes cutâneos, asma, hipersensibilidade imediata, adolescentes. Objectives: Allergic diseases currently affect a quarter of the world's population. In our setting, house dust mites are the most common household aeroallergens. The objectives of this case- control study were to determine the prevalence of sensitization to aeroallergens in adolescents living in the city of Belem, state of Para, northern Brazil, and to correlate findings with the presence of asthma. Methods: A convenience sample of 104 adolescents aged 13 to 14 years was selected among participants in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) who underwent skin prick testing (SPT) with a panel of extracts including Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Blomia tropicalis, dog and cat epithelium, mold mix, Alternaria alternata, pollen mix, Blattella germanica, and Periplaneta americana. Positive SPTs were defined by the presence of wheals with a mean diameter of at least 3 mm following extract application. Current asthma was defined as the presence of wheezing in the past 12 months; severe asthma was determined when there was difficulty speaking two words between breaths. Results: Sensitization to aeroallergens was more common for Blomia tropicalis (34.6%), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (29.8%), and dog epithelium (17.3%). Positivity to mold mix extract was observed in 21% of adolescent asthmatics, showing 84% accuracy in the diagnosis of asthma. Conversely, positivity to any allergen was not useful to estimate asthma severity. Conclusions: Sensitization to mite allergens D. pteronyssinus and B. tropicalis showed higher frequencies among adolescents with and without asthma. SPTs with positive results for mold mix showed diagnostic value for asthma, but no correlation with severity of asthma was found for any of the allergens tested.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a positividade do Phadiatop® em crianças acompanhadas em serviços brasileiros de alergologia e compará-la aos resultados de IgE sérica específica a alérgenos inalantes e alimentares. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODO: Em 457 crianças acompanhadas em serviços de alergia pediátrica e um grupo de crianças controle não-alérgicas (n = 62), distribuídas em cinco faixas etárias, foram determinados em amostra de soro: Phadiatop® e IgE específica (RAST) a alérgenos inalantes e alimentares (UniCAP - Pharmacia®). RESULTADOS: O Phadiatop® foi positivo em 305 crianças atópicas (67,6%) e em 25,8% das controles (p < 0,001). Entre as crianças atópicas, a distribuição de positividade variou de acordo com a faixa etária: 7,9% (24/305) entre as abaixo de 2 anos, 15,4% (47/305) nas de 2 a 3 anos, 22,0% (67/305) nas de 3 a 4 anos, 19,3% (59/305) nas de 4 a 5 anos e 35,4% (108/305) nas de 5 a 12 anos. Não houve concordância entre os alérgenos alimentares e a presença de Phadiatop® positivo. O estudo da relação entre os RAST positivos para alérgenos inalados e o Phadiatop® positivo mostrou melhores índices com os ácaros domiciliares (D. pteronyssinus, D. farinae e Blomia tropicalis). CONCLUSÕES: O Phadiatop®é método útil no diagnóstico de alergia aos ácaros domiciliares.

Forty seven children (6-14 years), with an acute mild or moderate attack of asthma (clinical score 3 or FEV150% of the predicted), were treated with terbutaline sulphate, by inhalation route with a dry powder inhaler (Turbuhaler - 0,5 mg - group T; N=27, or by a nebulizer 1% solution-in saline-compressed air (6 l/min.) group S; N=20. The children were evaluated at 5, 15, 25 and 30 minutes after the initial treatment. In both groups a significant fall of the clinical score (starting at 15 minutes) (p0.05) and a significant improvement of the FEV(1), VC and FEF25-75% (starting at 5 minutes), were observed (p0.05). There were no significant changes in heart rates, respiratory rates and blood pressure (p0.05). At the end of the first treatment, the number of patients with a FEV(1)80% was similar in both groups (T = 13/27 and S = 10/20). The same treatment was repeated, and all the children showed a marked improvement, except for one boy of the group T was hospitalized. In conclusion, children with mild or moderate acute attacks of asthma can be treated up to a week with an inhalation of dry powder, resulting in adequate bronchodilatation without important side effects.