Search

The purpose of this research is to find out alternative marketing strategies for traditional medicine in the face of the new normal era as the impact of the second covid 19 to find out the best alternative strategy that can be used for traditional medicine in facing the new normal era as the impact of covid 19. This type of research is qualitative with tools The analysis used is a SWOT analysis. The results of the study indicate that an alternative strategy that can be used is the SO Strategy, one of which is by conducting or increasing the marketing of herbal medicines by expanding the media. ST strategy, one of the strategies is to open outlets or branches elsewhere to avoid long queues due to the narrow business location. The WO strategy, one of the strategies is to make unique packaging to attract consumers, to provide delivery facilities. WT strategy. there needs to be training for employees so that they can make quality instant products such as instant turmeric herbs, instant ginger, instant temulawak and other herbs. The best alternative strategy is to make instant ready-to-eat traditional medicines with different variants, provide delivery facilities, make unique and attractive packaging so that consumers are more interested in traditional medicinal products. Finally, providing training to employees to be able to make quality instant products.

Illicit massage businesses are a venue for sex and labor trafficking in the United States. Though many of their locations are made publicly available through online advertising, little is known abo...

In modern smart cities, an increasing number of businesses rely on social network marketing to capture potential customers and third-party delivery systems to serve them; this system is called “online to offline”. Consequently, the well-known business location planning problem, which is used to attract nearby offline users, must be redefined. Thus, we propose a novel influence diffusion model to simulate the spread of advertisements for a given location within the geo-social networks; this model considers the distance from the social network users to the location and other existing competitors. We present an approximation algorithm to evaluate the maximum influence that can be achieved for a location based on the diffusion model. Moreover, to efficiently select the optimal location (with the largest maximum influence spread) from multiple candidates, a clustering-based pruning strategy is proposed. Our experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.

The advent of Web 2.0 created new digital platforms in which consumers, by definition, both consume and generate information. In general, people, as well as platform providers, assume that informat...

Success in conducting business activities carried out by small businesses often faced with the many issues faced. These obstacles often make small businesses difficult to develop. This research aims to describe the influence of entrepreneurial competency, coaching and business location to the success of entrepreneurial in small business traders located in the village of Tlogomas Malang. The approach used is quantitative. The results of the study showed that competence has no significant effect on successful business. Coaching variables influence positively but also insignificant to business success. While the location of business affects positively and significantly to the success of the business, but simultaneously competence, coaching, and business locations influence positive and significant to the success of the business.

In order to relieve the anxiety about crime safety and to prepare its management plan, it is necessary to study about the factors of crime occurrence. The correlation between crime occurrence and food service business was demonstrated in existing studies. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of crime occurrence according to the location of food service business and urban environment. As it is difficult to obtain data on actual crime point, CCTV inspection application data for criminal investigation was used as an alternative materials. For the analysis, the range that food service business location affect crime occurrence was suggested by analyzing the shortest distance between them. The correlation and cluster analysis were conducted for the number of food service businesses and the number of crime occurrences in each affected area. Also ANOVA analysis (land use ratio by clusters) was conducted on the clusters classified according to the distribution similarity of the two variables. Lastly, the urban environmental characteristics were analyzed through the area of land use by clusters. As the result, the range that food service business location affect crime occurrence was analyzed to be about 800m. It was deduced that the food service business had a greater impact on the crime rate in the area with high density of food service businesses. In urban areas, crime rates were reduced in areas where residential and commercial facilities are mixed. In other words, proper mixed land use may affect the suppression of crime-causing factors. This study is meaningful in that it suggested policy implications for crime management plan in urban space.

The results showed that the business location, working hours and a positive and significant effect on the income of traditional shop vendors in the city of Denpasar. The price of goods and distance has a negative and significant effect on the income of traditional traders in Denpasar City. Business capital and labor have a negative and insignificant effect on the income of traditional traders in Denpasar City. Business capital and income have a positive and significant effect on the resilience of traditional shop vendors in the city of Denpasar. Business location, distance, and working hours have an indirect effect on the resilience of traditional shop vendors through income. The price of goods and capital directly effect the resilience of traditional shop vendors in the city of Denpasar. The weakness of traditional shop vendors in the city of Denpasar from the arrangement and shape of the stalls is less neat and the lack of hospitality of traders, while the strength is that buyers can owe in the stalls. Opportunities for traditional traders in Denpasar can offer lower prices than Minimarkets.

This study is the first step of an initiative of the Invest Sofia for Mapping the Industry in Sofia. As an agency whose main function is to attract investments in the city, we need information about where in the city what industry is developing, what are the prerequisites for the development of the ecosystem, how many are employed in the sector, what revenues are realized in a certain area. These are data that we could provide to potential investors and assist them in choosing the most suitable for their business location and for realizing their investment intention in the city. Thanks to the data from the survey, we will be able to put in strategic documents for the city necessary follow-up in order to further develop the region in one direction.

Business location plays an important role in sales. The business location in cities makes the seller easier to distribute activities for people. Distribution activities are closely related to sales activities. If there is a sales transaction, a classification of potential and non-potential customers will be required. One method that can be used for classification is mining data. One of the most frequently used data mining for classification is the Naive Bayes method. The attributes used in the customer classification process are purchase amount, time interval, and location. The result of the classification system is 23 true reactions and 2 false reactions. Based on the results are using the confusion matrix method, it shows that the accuracy value reaches 92%, the precision value reaches 100%, the recall value reaches 91%.Keywords: Trading Business, Customer Classification, Naive Bayes, Confusion Matrix

The conducted study aims to reveal the condition of clothing SMEs in the DKI Jakarta Region and to catch on the related strategy for the improvement of the clothing SMEs in DKI Jakarta based on its potential mapping. The primary data used are obtained from management of the concentrated business location provided by the provincial government known as ‘lokbin’, representatives of ministry of cooperatives and SME’s, business owners, consumers, experts, and clothing producers in the Jakarta area through 115 questionnaires. Using the proportioned sampling method, there were 19 respondents from West Jakarta, 24 respondents from North Jakarta, 29 respondents from East Jakarta, 19 respondents from South Jakarta, and 24 respondents from Central Jakarta. The method used in this study is Streght, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat (SWOT) analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results obtained from the strategies based on the SWOT analysis are strategies in quadrant III, namely diversification strategies. Preparation of various alternative priority strategies for AHP results, namely alternative concentric diversification strategies. The purpose of the strategy is based on AHP results, namely the concept of opportunity. This study also explores a broad understanding of the clothing SMEs in the DKI Jakarta region. The results of this study are expected to be useful for the development of science, especially related to management, strategic management, and marketing management and also can be of use for the owners or entrepreneurs of clothing SMEs, especially in the Jakarta Region.

Mitra 1 (Purnama Advertising) is a printing business engaged in printing and graphic design, owned by Mr. Purnomo. Business location Purnama Advertising is very strategic close to the highway, due to many people skipped. Mitra 2 (Smart Jaya) owned by Mr. Hidayat handles a very simple print design. Smart Jaya business location is very strategic close to the school. The problems faced by Partners 1 and Partner 2 are constrained in the field of online marketing, due to the limited cost of the Partners. The purpose of the devotion activity is to develop an independent printing business and have a broad insight on print design and graphic design. The solutions offered from the devotion activities are providing printing machines and hot press machines, mentoring media marketing, production management and marketing training. The outcomes of the IbM program are scientific publications in ISSN Journals, national seminar publications, and online promotional media.

This chapter examines the current state and trajectory of spatial big data and business location decision-making (BLDM) practices amongst major corporations in Canada. The three objectives of the chapter are: (i) to provide a research context for the study of spatial big data (SBD) and associated data science (DS) approaches in business; (ii) to identify the awareness, availability, use, adoption, integration, and development of SBD and DS within BLDM; and (iii) to explore the opportunities and challenges associated with integrating spatial big data into business organizations. The chapter presents qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews with location decision-makers from 24 major business corporations in Canada.

The development of Micro Small Enterprises (SMEs) annually increasing. This is due to the high interest of the community, especially the SMEs who want to start a business. One of the problems faced is the limited capital owned. Bank Syariah Mandiri (BSM) is present as a solution to answer the capital problems of SMEs by offering microfinance through Micro Stalls (Warung Mikro). This study aims to find out how the implications of the marketing strategy are with the approach to the marketing mix (product, price, place and promotion) of BSM micro stalls and analyze their strengths and weaknesses. Based on the results of research conducted by the author, that the marketing strategy carried out has positive implications for the progress of the business of its customers and increases the financing portfolio of Micro Stalls, BSM KC, Kendal. The advantages of the products include Principles and agreements in accordance with the Shari'ah, Limit of financing in accordance with micro segments, The process of applying for financing is relatively easy and fast, minor installments and fixed to maturity, business training and assistance programs for MSEs, using an individual approach and ball pick up system and is located in a area that is relatively close to the micro segment business location. While the disadvantages of financing Micro Stalls, BSM KC, Kendal, among others; the lack of employees who master shari'ah transactions, inadequate facilities and promotions is still monotonous so it is less efficient.

I estimate the impacts of recently-popular U.S. state film incentives on filming location, film industry employment, wages, and establishments, and spillover impacts on related industries. I compile a detailed database of incentives, matching this with TV series and feature film data from the Internet Movie Database (IMDb) and Studio System, and establishment and employment data from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages and Country Business Patterns. I compare these outcomes in states before and after they adopt incentives, relative to similar states that did not adopt incentives over the same time period (a panel difference-in-differences). I find that TV series filming increases by 6.3 to 55.4% (at most 1.50 additional TV series) after incentive adoption. However, there is no meaningful effect on feature films, and employment, wages, and establishments in the film industry and in related industries. These results show that the ability for tax incentives to affect business location decisions and economic development is mixed, suggesting that even with aggressive incentives, and “footloose” filming, incentives can have little impact.

The aim of the study was to develop a factor in selecting the business location of the Umrah Bureau in Malang through exploration of indicators and variables and finding new factors. Population and sample of study 41 respondents were administrators / owners of the Umrah Bureau both head office, branch and agent in Malang. Based on the results of the recapitulated questionnaire and fulfilled the requirements for analysis of 32. The analytical method uses factor analysis with the Explore Factor Analysis (EFA) approach, which collects respondents' responses to the variables and indicators of site selection first then processes through the factor analysis stages. The results of data analysis found 5 variables that were considered in choosing the business location of the umroh bureau, namely infrastructure, employment, community attitudes, costs and markets. These variables are translated into 14 indicators. Of the 14 selected indicators, there are 7 indicators with 2 new naming factors, namely the main facilities and supporting facilities. The main facilities factor consists of the availability of educated labor, the level of labor productivity, proximity to Islamic education institutions such as schools and huts, availability of roads and electricity. Factors supporting facilities that consist of ease of accessing information technology and business location security.

Decisions made by businesses on where to locate or relocate are typically given less consideration in integrated transport and land use modelling systems than residential location. This is surprising given the important role that businesses play in defining employment opportunities, and hence the travel patterns of workers and any travel associated with accessing firms. This paper studies business location decisions in the Greater Sydney Metropolitan Area (GSMA) through two types of models. The first one, referred to as an attribute-non-attendance (ANA) model, is used to identify the influences on location decisions that are attended to and those that are typically ignored. The second model is a mixed multinomial logit model with ANA to capture differences in preferences as a way of investigating the key drivers of business location. The findings suggest that the main drivers vary across the GSMA, making specific locations an important determinant of choice, with businesses located in Sydney being especially concerned about access to public transport and the distance of other locations to the current location; businesses located in Wollongong placing great importance on client accessibility; and businesses located in Newcastle being very sensitive to the distance to their current location. Simulated scenarios are presented in this study to illustrate the degree of behavioural responsiveness to changes in important attributes such as accessibility, location and office characteristics.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the networking interactions of Australian women small business owners (SBOs) with the individuals within their networks. There is limited qualitative research that examines women SBOs’ network interaction. This study aims to addresses this gap and introduces an added dimension to women SBOs and their networks. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 women SBOs. Six key findings emerged from this research. Frequency of contact was dependent on the business and personal needs of the SBOs. Trust, kind of information and time restrictions impacted participants’ communication mode and style of communication. Geographical distance between SBOs and their actors and business location (home based or not home based) did not influence participants’ mode of communication or frequency of contact. Strength of relationships or ties impacted participants’ network interactions. Practical implications of the findings and directions for future research are outlined.

Due to the explosive growth in trajectory data with multi-semantic labels, mining hotspots based on extracted sequential patterns from multi-semantic trajectories are an emerging need in various applications of crowd behavior analysis, such as location-based advertising, business location, and urban planning. However, most existing regional pattern mining methods only focus on temporal continuity, spatial compactness, and a single semantics. Outdated or nonhot regions may be discovered if the timeliness, multi-semantic features, and user activity of trajectory patterns are not taken into consideration. To address this issue, this paper studies a hotspot regional multi-semantic trajectory pattern mining problem, with the aim of identifying the hotspot pattern of a social crowd in the trajectory data. Specifically, 1) we propose a new spatiotemporal density scheme to quantify the frequency and heat of a specific pattern in space, and to discover all regions where movement behaviors occur densely and have high heat; 2) we develop a trajectory mining algorithm, effective hotspot regional multi-semantic trajectory pattern mining (tHRM), which effectively reveals the hot movement patterns in a region that are not necessarily dominant in intensity. Experiments using real trajectory data sets show that tHRM is able to discover regional hotspot regional patterns, which are difficult to discover with state-of-the-art regional pattern mining methods. Furthermore, tHRM runs 3-4 times faster, and the mining quality is an order of magnitude higher than that of the rival methods.

There are still many cattle farmers in the village of Mayang who do not understand the importance of technology transfer to manage livestock waste in the form of solid and liquid. This should begin to be considered given the business location is in a densely populated area. Livestock waste in the form of liquid is still simply taken in the morning to be used as a pesticide, but the solid one is only thrown behind the cage location. Waste treatment is important because it can provide benefits for partners especially and surrounding communities. Technology transfer with degester is used as an alternative solution including biogas waste. Training on technology utilization and impact management is done so that people understand the importance of using technology facilities in the current era. Finally partners can enjoy the benefits provided in managing waste, namely biogas for the home industry and financial management. The repaired enclosure can be used effectively and efficiently because the waste enters the degester installation without needing to be cleaned traditionally and saves maintenance costs.

I estimate the impacts of recently-popular U.S. state film incentives on filming location, film industry employment, wages, and establishments, and spillover impacts on related industries. I compile a detailed database of incentives, matching this with TV series and feature film data from the Internet Movie Database (IMDb) and Studio System, and establishment and employment data from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages and Country Business Patterns. I compare these outcomes in states before and after they adopt incentives, relative to similar states that did not adopt incentives over the same time period (a panel difference-in-differences). I find that TV series filming increases by 6.3 to 55.4% (at most 1.50 additional TV series) after incentive adoption. However, there is no meaningful effect on feature films, and employment, wages, and establishments in the film industry and in related industries. These results show that the ability for tax incentives to affect business location decisions and economic development is mixed, suggesting that even with aggressive incentives, and "footloose" filming, incentives can have little impact.

Der Wirtschaftsstandort Deutschland benotigt eine leistungsfahige und zuverlassige Straseninfrastruktur. Brucken konnen sehr schnell zu einem Engpass werden, wenn ungeplant Verkehrseinschrankungen bis hin zu Sperrungen vorgenommen werden mussen. In der Vergangenheit wurde dieser moglichen Situation nicht immer ausreichend Rechnung getragen und somit ist es an der Zeit, einer systematischen Bruckenerhaltung mehr Bedeutung beizumessen. Die Grunde fur den aktuellen Zustand der Brucken sind so vielfaltig wie die Brucken selbst. Da spielen Planungs- und Ausfuhrungsfehler eine Rolle sowie die Tatsache, dass die Verkehre deutlich starker zugenommen haben als in allen Prognosen der Vergangenheit vorausgesagt. Da es sich bei Brucken fast immer um Unikate handelt, die sich sehr unterschiedlich verhalten, ist das Spektrum der notwendigen Erfassungs- und Bewertungsmoglichkeiten und der daraus resultierenden Erhaltungsmasnahmen sehr vielfaltig. So besteht die Herausforderung in der Zukunft darin, dieser Vielfaltigkeit angemessen Rechnung zu tragen, um die Brucken moglichst nachhaltig zu erhalten. Die unterschiedlichen Werkzeuge dafur existieren, werden erarbeitet bzw. fortgeschrieben. Jetzt gilt es, diese Moglichkeiten systematisch einzusehen, damit es mit moglichst geringem Aufwand gelingt, fur den gesamten Bruckenbestand die geeigneten Erhaltungsmasnahmen zu planen und umzusetzen und dabei die Nutzung – im Vorfeld und wahrend der Erhaltungsmasnahmen – moglichst wenig zu beeintrachtigen. Systematic maintenance of Bridges – a multidisciplinary challenge The business location Germany requires an efficient and reliable road infrastructure. Bridges can become a bottleneck when unplanned traffic restrictions to the point of closures can occur. In the past this possible situation wasn't considered sufficiently and thus it is to attach more importance to systematic bridge maintenance. The reasons for the current state of the bridges are as varied as the bridges themselves. Planning and execution errors play a role, but also the fact that traffic has increased significantly more than any forecast of the past have predicted is very important. Bridges are normally unique and therefore they behave very differently. So the spectrum of the necessary collection and assessment options and the resulting maintenance measures are very diverse. Thus, the challenge in the future is to address this diversity appropriately in order to obtain the bridges as sustainable as possible. The different tools exist for it, shall be developed and updated. Now it's time to use these facilities systematically, to find the most suitable maintenance measures for the entire bridge inventory with the least possible effort and the least possible interferences of the traffic before and during the maintenance actions.

This special issue is the result of a series of sessions on graduates and the labour market, organised at the 2012 ERSA conference in Bratislava, Slovakia. The collection of papers is the first to address determinants and impact of decisions on both entry and exit from higher education, with a focus on the location and labour market decisions of students and recent graduates. The first two papers in this issue present novel analyses of the transition from high school to tertiary education; Suhonen on distance and field of study in Finland; and Faggian and Franklin on student quality and location choice in the United States. The following two articles focus on the migration patterns of recent graduates; Ahlin and Andersson on the rewards of entering labour markets in urban areas, while Kronenberg and Carree focus on the issue of residential location choice. Koster and Venhorst conclude, studying the residential and business location decisions of graduate entrepreneurs. The papers provide policy implications on the geographical spread of higher education institutions, and the short- and long-term consequences of student and graduate mobility.

This article simulates job and fiscal impacts of the Michigan Economic Growth Authority’s tax credit program for job creation, commonly called “MEGA.” Under plausible assumptions about how such credits affect business location decisions, the net costs per job created of the MEGA program are simulated to be of modest size. The job creation impacts of MEGA are simulated to be considerably larger than devoting similar dollar resources to general business tax cuts. The simulation methodology developed here is applicable to incentives in other states.

The culinary business a few years back is showing a very significant development. Many things to be considered by culinary entrepreneurs, one of which is the business location. Location is a driver of cost and income, so locations often have the power to create business strategies. Strategic business location aims to maximize profits. The application "Luku" is a decision support application to choose the location of culinary business. This application was developed using Analytic Hierarcy Process (AHP) method. With this application is expected business actors can determine the location of the most strategic business in supporting his business accurately from several alternatives where the existing business. The test results show that the sequence generated from the created system is the same as the order created by the expert.

In Swedish national transport policy is freight transport regarded as a major facilitator for economic development on all geographical levels. At the same time it is noted that methods and data on business location and transportation is not adequate in order to follow-up transport policy objectives. This paper reports on a pilot study on the potential to develop accessibility measures to support and follow up policy objectives in Swedish context. The concept of accessibility and its practical use in concrete measures is discussed and problematized. A number of practical examples from Region Västra Götaland are used as illustrations. In terms of results the study identifies a number of potentials and limitations of using accessibility measures for freight transport issues. The usefulness is mainly driven by the integration capability of transport and land-use. This opens up for more complex questions and measures and thus supports the integration between planning specialisations. Limitations are to a large extent related to data availability and quality and to the degree of which models are possible to communicate to non-experts. The concluding discussion highlights how the policy and governance context is key in understanding how to best utilise the potential strengths of the accessibility concept and measures.

This study aims to describe how the development of a culinary efforts and make an assessment as the basis to determine the culinary business development. This study began in March until June 2016. This research located in "Waroeng Makan Tepi Laut", Kawasan Mega Mas, Kota Manado. The data collected in this research included primary data and secondary data. The primary data obtained from interviews with managers, managers and employees. And also interview based questionnaire on the visitors / customers as many as 15 people. Secondary data was collected from the Office of Administration “Waroeng Makan Tepi Laut”. The results of this study indicate that “Waroeng Makan Tepi Laut” has a strategic business location, the menu selection is varied, the prices offered can be affordable, quality service owned “Waroeng Makan Tepi Laut” is quite good, has a typical menu favored by the customers / visitors, ample parking location and stage music favored by the customers / visitors.

Question on the goodness of taxation system has been raised many times in the past by many researchers. In this study response research was carried out to find the effects of taxation on economy. Purpose of this research is to add a new dimension in the taxation literature by investigating the relationship between tax system variables and variable like location decision, information process and key decision makers. Relationship between these variables is tested by using data collected from financial service providers functioning especially in Sindh province. The main objective of the research was to know that "How do firms undertake information processing prior to making their decisions?" GLM (General Linear Modeling) was applied for checking the relationship between the variables, and research concluded that criteria for evaluating the extensive information process regarding selection of location must be improved and role of personnel involved in decision making on the basis of information must be significant. Moreover, this study provides evidence that some tax system variables are positively concerned with information processes, key decision makers, and location decision making. It also shed light on the fact that high or moderate tax burden do not necessarily impact decision making pertaining to business location.

This paper examines four businesses that were located in Christchurch's CBD prior to the earthquake on February 22, 2011. Immediately following the quake Christchurch's CBD was cordoned off and for many Christchurch businesses it was necessary to find new premises in an environment of extreme uncertainty and very limited information. The four businesses used in this study were all required to relocate, however the specifics of their situations differed. All four businesses examined were larger professional services firms (lawyers, accountants, architects or engineers) who had a national presence. Given the limited number of suitable and available properties speed was of the essence in relocating. Through the four cases we explore how rapidly each firm initiated and completed the relocation process and the factors influencing their speed. We examine the means by which new premises were secured and the plans in regard to immediate and longer term business location. Finally, we explore the impact of relocation and the earthquake more broadly for these firms. The results obtained highlight the differences between the firms based on both initial conditions and the way each firm managed the process.

This study examines the effect of state minimum wage changes on new and existing business establishments. It employs a refined border approach in conjunction with other differencing methods to control for unobserved heterogeneous area characteristics. The findings suggest that state minimum wage increases deter new establishments from locating in an area, particularly in industries that rely on low-education workforces, such as the retail and manufacturing industries. However, existing establishments, regardless of industry type, are not found to be adversely affected by minimum wage policy.

While tackling the issue of place attractiveness for companies and investments in Canada and Switzerland at large, this research focuses on federal multi-level collaboration with two case studies: Ontario and Western Switzerland. Based on empirical data gathered from semi-structured interviews ([Formula: see text]) and surveys ([Formula: see text]) as well as on secondary data, it provides an analysis of the perception of intergovernmental collaboration by economic developers and a mapping of the challenges identified in both the Canadian and the Swiss contexts. A comparative perspective, complemented by data regarding business decision-making ([Formula: see text]), allows us to draw lessons for economic developers in both countries, aiming at extending both academic and practitioners’ literatures.Findings show that the federal contexts in which attractive strategies occur cause specific challenges for economic developers. While judging that the system works well in general, the majority of Canadian economic developers interviewed mentioned different problems to solve, such as the confusion for companies generated by a federal multi-level system and the need for more business-oriented strategies away from political concerns. The majority of Swiss economic developers interviewed also acknowledged issues caused by the federal system and wished for improvements regarding coordination between federal entities and levels. In this regard, pragmatism is perceived as a crucial factor for the implementation of successful attractive strategies.

We explore the role of location in the financing of commercial real estate acquisitions by real estate investment trusts (REITs). More specifically, we examine how the location of a property relative to a REIT's main business location affects the financing of that property. We find that REITs are less likely to use mortgage for investments located within the same state as the firm's headquarters. This result is robust and statistically significant after we control for other potential reasons for mortgage financing and year fixed effects. Further, within those transactions that involve mortgages, REITs are as likely to use CMBS financing irrespective of property location, evidencing the widespread availability of conduit lenders.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to apply the theoretical lens of liminality to a consideration of non-traditional entrepreneurial locations. The study exemplifies such locations by empirically exploring self-storage based businesses: that is, businesses that operate for a significant number of hours each week from self-storage facilities. Design/methodology/approach – The study draws on interviews with entrepreneurs operating self-storage based businesses and operators of self-storage facilities. The interview data is supported by site visits, businesses’ websites, promotional and marketing materials and press coverage. Findings – Consistent with the liminal lens, entrepreneurs view their time operating from self-storage as a transitional phase. They do not suffer the high levels of uncertainty and unsettledness usually associated with liminality. However, they experience anxiety related to perceptions of operating from a business location outside the mainstream. Whilst the entrepreneurs benefit from additional services provided by the self-storage operators, this may be at the expense of extra “liminal” work and anxiety experienced by the storage operators’ staff. Originality/value – The study contributes to entrepreneurship by answering Steyaert and Katz’s (2004) call for studies in unfamiliar places and spaces. The authors identify a number of ways in which liminality can arise when considering entrepreneurial locations. Drawing on extant entrepreneurial studies, the authors theorise that idiosyncratic characteristics of such spaces attract entrepreneurs with particular personal characteristics and needs, who will in turn be influenced by those spaces. In the case of self-storage facilities, the liminal space allows trepidatious entrepreneurs to “try on” (Hawkins and Edwards, 2015, p. 39) operating a new venture.

A survey of young microfirms was conducted to investigate their growth intentions. The findings confirm the distinct profiles of four types of firms categorized on the basis of current and future employment: Lifestyler, Entrepreneur, Manager, and Mover. They differ in terms of the owner's perceptions of the desirability and practicality of growing their firm, and with respect to the moderating variables of industry affiliation, business location, and investment level. Research issues and service implications for business support agencies are identified.

National data and case studies are used to test the importance of different types of management practices on the location decisions of new manufacturing plants. We find that plants that adopt high performance management practices and cultures rely on different criteria when making their location decisions, and also weigh standard location criteria differently, than those plants that are managed in more traditional ways. Omitting management culture from studies of business location may result in biased estimates of the importance of various traditional location factors. By more accurately specifying location models for manufacturing plants with high performance management cultures, this study provides some additional insights for regional development policy.

This article analyzes the factors that influence business location decision-making. The article states that the first discriminant analysis illustrates that the three different preferences are moti...

This research aims to examine the relationship between business location decision and business success. The case is Internet café business in Indonesia. This research is addressed to answer these main questions: (1) what factors do underlie location decision for an Internet café business?; and (2) does location decision determine success of Internet café business? A field research is conducted to answer these questions.Factor analysis applied to 17 location factors reveals five underlying dimensions of business location decision. They are centrality, business environment, business venue, cost, and labor. Based on responses from 93 Internet cafés in three locations (i.e. Yogyakarta, Surabaya, and Lombok), the author finds that favorable location of business is positively related to business success. More specifically, a regression analysis reveals that availability of utilities, proximity to schools/universities and security affect business success in a positive direction, while proximity to highways, being in commercial center affect in a negative direction. The independent variables explain 23 percent of total variance.

This paper examines how the information flow and trading activity of the Jardine group of companies are affected after they are delisted from Hong Kong. An interesting aspect is that while the trading activity of the five companies in the Group is moved to Singapore, the core business remains in Hong Kong/China. As a result of the delisting, there are fewer retail investors and less security analyst coverage after the delisting. A member company of the Group that continued its listing in Hong Kong did not experience similar change in investor base. We find the evidence consistent with an investor clientele effect. After the delisting, the Jardine stocks become more like Singapore companies rather than Hong Kong companies. First, their stock returns and trading volume become more (less) sensitive to the Singapore (Hong Kong) market. Second, the Jardine companies have intraday patterns of return volatility and bid-ask spread are similar to those of Singapore-based companies, suggesting that they behave more like Singapore stocks and their intraday behavior is driven by market sentiments in Singapore. Further analysis of the trading activity of Jardine stocks indicate that Jardine stocks continue to be influenced by (public) information flows in Hong Kong. Although there is little barrier for investors to trade in Hong Kong or Singapore and information ought to travel quickly in the financial markets in the presence of modern communication technology, we find that once the Jardine companies move to Singapore, there is a new investor clientele. Our findings illustrate the importance of proximity of trading location to core business in the determination of investor interests and their trading behavior.

According to a survey of business location costs conducted regularly by KPMG in ten countries (Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, the UK, and the USA), costs in Japan were 99.2 % of those in the USA in 2014, having fallen drastically compared with 2012 (109.4 %) as a result of the weak yen. Business location costs include labor, facilities, transportation and distribution, utilities, depreciation, financing, and tax. The survey covered a range of sectors, including digital services, manufacturing, corporate services, and research and development. Within business location costs, this chapter focuses on taxation and attempts an international comparison. However, the aim is not a simple institutional comparison, but rather an examination of the state of Japan’s corporate taxation and its reform from an international perspective.

The locations and profiles of firms in the six-county Chicago, Illinois, region were used to compare the businesses’ proximities to freeway ramps and transit stations for two time periods: 1981 and 1999. A series of regression models was constructed to assess whether the location patterns with respect to transportation facilities have changed over the last two decades. The data suggest that, controlling for exogenous factors, businesses have moved closer to freeway ramps in the last two decades. Meanwhile, the distance to transit stations has not changed except in the city of Chicago, where it has decreased. These findings suggest shifts in location choice behaviors in the urban core and the suburbs. Specifically, firms in the urban core areas are valuing access to rail stations to a greater degree, whereas those in the suburbs are placing more importance on proximity to freeway ramps. The concentration of businesses near expressway ramps in the inner and middle suburbs suggests the emergence of a pattern in those areas that corresponds to a polycentric development, with freeway ramps as the focal points. Finally, the findings indicate a shift, not a decrease, in the importance of transportation access for business location choice.

This paper examines the concept and the implementation of telecommuting and how it will affect the employee, organization and the general business environment. It also provides suggestions for employers implementing a telecommuting program. In this new millennium, it is obvious that the workforce and the way of work are changing drastically. Telecommuting, or allowing the employees to perform their jobs away from the central or primary business location, is increasing. While many jobs have some aspects that may lend themselves to telecommuting, white‐collar jobs that require a great amount of independent work are the most suitable for telecommuting. The paper also discusses the importance of selecting the right employees for telecommuting.

For decades, scholars and policy-makers have been interested in how fiscal policy influences entrepreneurship. Until now, research has focused on fiscal policy at the federal or regional level and used macro-economic outcome measures. Considerably less attention was given to how municipal governments can influence economic outcomes at the micro level. The present study examines the effect of municipal taxes, spending and tax compliance costs on firm profitability within the Flemish hospitality industry. This is an interesting research setting, since Flemish municipalities have far-ranging fiscal autonomy which has resulted in a proliferation of local taxes, many of which are specific to the hospitality industry. The findings reveal that local taxes have a negative impact on firm profitability, while aggregate public spending has a positive influence. The tax effect is economically relevant and exceeds the public spending impact. Finally, we find no impact of compliance costs from local taxes.

Colorado is considering raising personal income taxes to fund a $950 million initiative. Are the increased benefits from educational attainment worth the revenue costs? This study surveys in-depth the economic literature on the impact of increased educational expenditure on future income, entrepreneurship, health care, housing, crime and business location. It discusses the economic links between educational spending and educational outcomes, and estimates the pecuniary and non-pecuniary impact of the initiative on the state.

As airports are increasingly attractive locations for economic activity, they have become potential centres of economic growth. However, spin‐off effects have not yet found expression in the financial performance of many regional airports. From their spin‐off effects surrounding places profit the most. While regional airports do not profit from their attractiveness as a business location, governments are paying attention to their financial viability. In order to become more self‐sufficient and to stimulate their role as centres of economic growth, regional airports have to find new ways for profitable operation. An obvious option is to make capital out of their spin‐off, via profiting from business sites in their surroundings. This option is discussed in this article. To profit from spin‐off effects, the airport must cooperate with its surroundings. In this article, different forms of cooperation are illustrated by cases on the airports of Eindhoven, Schiphol and Lyons.

The business location on the internet is indispensable to economic growth. Therefore, it is important to study the relationship of domains to intellectual property, demonstrating the economic aspects of virtual activity and the role of domain names, as well their legal nature. Still, it is important to answer the questions: How to match words from internet domains when similar to expressions protected by intellectual property? Is it possible to apply the same rules of intellectual property protection in the physical and virtual universe? To achieve these responses the deductive research method will be used. The methodological processes will be the legal and comparative dogmatic study., A localização empresária na internet é indispensável ao crescimento econômico. Portanto, importante estudar a relação dos domínios com a propriedade intelectual, demonstrando os aspectos econômicos da atividade virtual e o papel dos nomes de domínio, bem como a sua natureza jurídica. Ainda, importante apresentar resposta para as indagações: Como compatibilizar palavras dos domínios de internet quando semelhantes às expressões protegidas pela propriedade intelectual? Seria possível aplicar as mesmas regras de proteção da propriedade intelectual no universo físico e virtual? Para alcançar essas respostas será utilizado o método de pesquisa dedutivo. Os processos metodológicos serão o estudo dogmático jurídico e comparativo.

This paper simulates job and fiscal impacts of Michigan’s MEGA tax credit program for job creation. Under plausible assumptions about how such credits affect business location decisions, the net costs per job created of the MEGA program are simulated to be of modest size. The job creation impacts of MEGA are simulated to be considerably larger than devoting similar dollar resources to general business tax cuts. The simulation methodology developed here is applicable to incentives in other states.

The purpose of this paper is to verify if the human capital is the key factor in explaining business location differences on Portuguese knowledge intensive business services (KIBS) sector. A logistic regression model is applied, adopting rural versus urban and human resources as the key dimensions. We combine business locations with graduate employee rates to assess whether these aspects are determinant in the KIBS sector or if they vary from firm to firm. Our results demonstrate that rural professional and technological KIBS employ more graduate human resources than urban KIBS. As regards their urban professional and technological KIBS counterparts, we may statistically state that the employment of higher education qualified professionals is not related to KIBS type. Furthermore, we conclude that the employment of graduate human resources, the age and the academic background of business owners do have a statistically significant impact on the logit probability of a KIBS company locating in a rural environment.

Seventy three per cent of UK enterprises have no employees and seventeen per cent of these are managed solely by women (GEM UK Data 2005). UK female entrepreneurship is thus a significant economic phenomenon and it is increasing, especially in rural areas. Suggestions are that women’s businesses are different to men’s (Ahl 2006, Hanson 2003, Hanson and Blake 2004) in terms of their nature, location, type and the way that business is done. Limited empirical investigation has been undertaken, especially within geography (Hanson 2003). In addition, it has been argued that women’s participation in self-employment generally, is under-theorised (Blake, 2006; Ahl, 2006; Lewis 2006). Buzar et al (2005) identify the need to consider within this, the social construction of gender, time, space, economy and culture. This paper aims to advance knowledge and understanding of both the characteristics of female businesses and the coordinates and circumstances of female entrepreneurship. This paper will investigate the nature, dynamics, networks and locations of the new businesses (started up within the past five years) of thirty women entrepreneurs all of whom are mothers and most of whom work at home. Two different types of new work/economic space will be examined. The first, the work locations of this economic activity, are a key defining feature of these businesses – they are typically the kitchens, bedroom and garages of the entrepreneurs’ family homes within the spaces of family life. An understanding of such enterprises is assisted by adopting a household-level, work-life reconciliation perspective (Jarvis 2005, Moen and Sweet 2004). The second new economic space reported in this paper will be the typical spaces of networking and marketing which often take place in electronic space, particularly the social networking sites (and especially female social and business networking, and mothers’ networking internet sites that have become so popular in the past five years or so. Thus this paper will focus on new spaces of work and new ways of doing business.

The effect of enterprise zone incentives on business location decisions has been actively debated in academic, political, and program practitioner circles. This essay concludes that financial incentives, such as tax refunds, credits, and abatements, that are offered to new businesses through enterprise zone programs only marginally affect the firm's location decision and are not a major location factor Enterprise zones generally do not fare well in classical and nontraditional location factors causing enterprise zone incentives to be unable to offset the deficiencies of major location factors in zones. Whether the enterprise zone incentives can be a pivotal factor in the location decision is highly dependent on the percentage of the financial incentive to the initial investment of the new firm.