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Background Moistening of surgical instruments affects the quality of instrument cleaning, thereby affecting the degree of cross-contamination and in-hospital infection among patients. Surgical instruments should be kept moist immediately after use in order to avoid concentrations of contamination remaining on surgical instrument surfaces. Implementation and pass rates of surgical instrument moistening have been rarely studied. We aimed to investigate the factors affecting implementation and pass rates of surgical instrument moistening. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate surgical instrument moistening procedures within 22 clinical departments of the West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University over 122 days between September and December 2019. We collected data from departmental staff using an interviewer-administrated questionnaire. Data about implementation and pass rates of surgical instrument moistening was analyzed in SPSS20.0. Results Implementation and pass rates of surgical instrument moistening were 57.25% and 31.98%, respectively. Factor analysis showed that implementation rates of moistening were affected by instrument structure (X2 = 143.670; P = 0.001), the number of instruments inside the pack (X2 = 140.135; P = 0.001), and the person responsible for keeping surgical instruments moist (X2 = 8.052; P = 0.005). Correlation analysis showed that instrument structure and the number of instruments inside the pack were negatively correlated with implementation rates of moistening. The more complex the structure and the greater the number of the instruments inside the pack, the lower implementation rates of moistening. Conclusion Implementation and pass rates of surgical instrument moistening were low, and failed to meet the central sterile supply department applicable industrial standard, hence the potential risk of hospital-acquired infection was considerable. Staff that manipulate reusable surgical instruments should be trained to properly moisten the instruments and institutional protocols should be established to ensure standardization and respect of guidelines.

With the rapid development of indoor localization in recent years, signals of opportunity have become a reliable and convenient source for indoor localization. The mobile device cannot only capture images of the indoor environment in real-time, but can also obtain one or more different types of signals of opportunity as well. Based on this, we design a convolutional neural network (CNN) model that concatenates features of image data and signals of opportunity for localization by using indoor scene datasets and simulating the situation of indoor location probability. Using the method of transfer learning on the Inception V3 network model feature information is added to assist in scene recognition. The experimental result shows that, for two different experiment sceneries, the accuracies of the prediction results are 97.0% and 96.6% using the proposed model, compared to 69.0% and 81.2% by the method of overlapping positioning information and the base map, and compared to 73.3% and 77.7% by using the fine-tuned Inception V3 model. The accuracy of indoor scene recognition is improved, in particular, the error rate at the spatial connection of different scenes is decreased, and the recognition rate of similar scenes is increased.

Stress is a feature of the life of nursing students and this had been well studied. However, there are very few instruments to measure stress in nursing students specifically. One such instrument, the Stressors in Nursing Students Scale has been developed in Scotland and applied in studies in Hong Kong and Australia and proved useful alongside other measures of individual differences and psychological distress.To translate the Stressors in Nursing Students Scale into Chinese, test it with Chinese nursing students and explore the psychometric structure of stress in this population.Cross-sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire.A large teaching hospital in Southwest Mainland China.Nursing students (n=1090) participated (1000 in the classroom and 90 on clinical placement); 862 from the classroom and 79 from clinical placements returned questionnaires (n=914) representing a return rate of 86.3%.Principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modelling.A four-factor structure was obtained from principal component analysis. This was confirmed (fit indices0.9 and RMSEA0.06) using structural equation modelling. The stress-related factors were: Clinical (0.83), Finance (0.81), Confidence (0.82), and Education (0.70).The original structure of the SINS in English was confirmed in this large sample of Chinese nursing students. This will allow cross-cultural studies of stress in nursing students.

Touch trigger probes are most widely used on coordinate measuring machines (CMM) and machine tools. Due to the tripod structure, pretravel of the probe varies when it triggers in different directions, which has been acknowledged as a key error source resulting in large measurement uncertainty. Return mechanism is one of the key factors affecting the probes' pretravel variation and repeatability. Currently, spring and magnet are two main return methods employed in trigger probes. Typical products are TP20 from RENISHAW with a spring return mechanism and T2 from TELES with a magnet return mechanism. Lobbing characteristics of those two kinds of touch trigger probes in the XY plane was studied analytically in this paper. Experiments were carried out on a high precision CMM to exam the mathematical model. Results show that theoretical model is in good consistent with the experiments, Both of the two kinds of probes have obvious lobbing characteristics especially when the stylus is relatively short. Long stylus leads to shrinkage PTV. Overall, TP20 (spring return) has a better performance in experiments, but investigation from probe users show that T2 (magnet return) stands longer due to its noncontact return mechanism.

Visco-elastic material, Buried metal pipe Abstract. This paper describes an investigation of properties of 3 ACCMs, including cathodic disbonding, hot water dipping in, shear strength and bonding characteristic. According to standards of oil and gas pipeline, some experiments are carried to determine these characteristics. From these experimental results, each has his strong point for 3 ACCMs. Carbon-fiber epoxy is good at resistance on cathode disbonding, but heat-resistance, shear strength and bonding characteristic of visco-elastic material is better. So, carbon-fiber epoxy is fit for buried pipeline with cathodic protection. Visco-elastic material can be used in many cases under the precondition of not over cathodic protection. This research will provide the basis for the selection of anti-corrosive coating material of buried metal pipe in oilfield construction engineering.

Summary Aims To investigate trends in the evaluation of clinical competence in nursing students and newly qualified nurses over the last 10 years. Design A literature review following PRISMA guidelines. Methods The following databases were searched: Cochrane, Medline and CINAHL using the terms competenc*, nurs*and assess*, evaluat*, measure*, from January 2001–March 2010. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Results Twenty three papers were included and these mainly considered the following topics: instrument development and testing; approaches to testing competence; assessment and related factors. A holistic concept of competence is gaining popularity, and consensus around definitions is emerging. Some methods and instruments to measure competence are under systematic development and testing for reliability and validity with large samples and rigorous statistical method. Wider national and international cooperation is evident in competence-based assessment. Conclusions Competence-based education is evident, but this does not mean that issues related to competence definition have been resolved. Larger and more international cooperation is required to reach common agreement and validity in competence-based education and assessment.

The existing P2P access control strategy literatures are researched mainly reputation value with trust mechanism, and are discussed less to involve the problem of the information confidentiality and integrity. In this regard, the classifications, and the integrality grade, the interest value, and the reputation grade, of the subject and of the object are introduced. A new access control P2P strategy based on interest classify, trust and security grade is defined in this paper, according to users interested in the extent of the resource, and with the ideas of existing access control strategy. Through their reasonableness analysis and research, the strategy is improved and expanded about existing access control strategy, that can be apply to the P2P network, and it is security access control strategy.

Data share and publication of disaster prevention information is in urgent need, and WebGIS resolution of management information system (MIS) is the main problems for Internet publication. Through analyzing the technique function of WebGIS and the character of information publication, management information system of disaster prevention is investigated. The system application is developed based on MapXtreme in Windows 2000 Server operating system, the real-time browse in client and real-time publication of disaster prevention information in server are achieved. In order to improve the speed of data transmitting through Internet, ASP technique is combined with ActiveX controls. System application is developed with network language VBScript and JavaScript under the ASP environment. As an example application, MIS of disaster prevention for Internet publication in Tangshan City is worked out; Finally, some advice is proposed for the development of Internet publication system based on WebGIS.

GIS-based Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) method is the foundation of decision-making analysis for land use suitability evaluation, and Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) is a basic method of multi-criteria evaluation. The most important of WLC method is the calculation of factor weights. The application of Analytical Hierarchy Program (AHP) is analyzed to construct comparison matrix, relative weight matrix and consistency ratio. According to the data of disaster factors in Tangshan City, evaluation criteria based on distance are constructed, and cretia images of disaster factors are standardized. Comparison matrix, relative weight matrix and consistency ratio are calculated, and suitability of land use for disaster prevention in Tangshan City is worked out. Finally, the results are analyzed, and some advice is proposed for land use planning of disaster prevention.

An approach to lane departure detection, based on image processing and computer vision, is proposed for a driver assistant system. A new description of lane markings in the image plane is presented, and some properties are discussed and used to locate lanes. Multi-frame lane detection and analysis are adopted so that lane departure detection method is more reliable. Lane departure is analyzed and lane parameters are estimated and used for lateral control. Experimental results show that the proposed approach performs lane departure detection efficiently.