It is important to assess the severity of patients' conditions using various markers upon their arrival to emergency centers. In this study, we assessed the levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), D-dimer, Hb, T-Bil, BUN, and s-Cr for this purpose. Out of 1954 patients who were consecutively transferred to Kitasato University Hospital Emergency Center from June 2007 to June 2008, 1253 patients without cardiopulmonary arrest on arrival were assessed with regard to the relationship between their outcome and blood BNP, cTnI, D-dimer, Hb, T-Bil, BUN, and s-Cr levels on arrival. We divided the patients into two groups according to whether they died in hospital and whether the causes of their disease were intrinsic or extrinsic, and then made comparisons between groups. The blood concentrations of BNP, cTnI, D-dimer, T-Bil, BUN, and s-Cr were significantly high while that of Hb was significantly low in the hospital death group. In multivariate analysis, age, BNP, D-dimer, and T-Bil in the intrinsic group were found to be independent predictors of hospital death; whereas, D-dimer and T-Bil were found to be independent predictors of hospital death in the extrinsic group. In particular, the cardiogenic cases in the intrinsic cause group revealed a sensitivity of 93.3%, a specificity of 83.9%, a positive predictive value of 38.9%, and a negative predictive value of 99.1% with regard to hospital death using variables selected by the stepwise method. In the extrinsic cause group, D-dimer demonstrated a sensitivity of 83.3%, a specificity was 76.0%, a positive predictive value of 22.0%, and a negative predictive value of 98.3% for predicting hospital death with a cut-off value of 10.14μg/ml. The D-dimer level of patients upon their arrival to emergency rooms is an important factor for predicting patient prognosis. Although multiple factors were related to prognosis in the intrinsic cause group, a 10.14μg/ml D-dimer level may be a good indicator of high-risk patients.