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Objective: Anticancer treatment may be associated with damage to the reproductive organs and risk of infertility in children with cancer. The collectivist cultural norms of Asian societies may lead...

We present an integrative conceptual review that reconciles the organizational support, social exchange, and social support literatures. In particular, we argue that the prevailing, singular conceptualization of organizational support is misaligned with contemporary perspectives on social exchange-which has served as the bedrock for organizational support theory since organizational support theory's inception-and is inconsistent with the social support literature-which has long recognized that support takes several forms. Thus, we draw on both the social exchange and social support literatures to develop four unique forms of organizational support: Teleological, Personalized, Collectivistic, and Monistic Organizational Support. With this enlarged framework for understanding organizational support in hand, we then detail the various research opportunities that the integration of these literatures affords. Specifically, we explain that this framework warrants future research related to the development of new measures, the differential prediction of outcomes, and the discovery of organizational support profiles. We also invoke the social support literature to highlight the potential opportunities in applying optimal matching theory to organizational support, examining relationships between received and perceived organizational support, and identifying the consequences of excessive organizational support. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

An important trend that has emerged within the past decade is a tendency towards a sharing economy, where consumers share with, lend to or rent from other consumers rather than buy and own. While research interest in the topic abounds, no studies have empirically examined the effects of consumers’ orientation towards lending or renting (i.e., de-ownership orientation) on their compulsive and impulsive digital acquisition tendencies. To fill in these gaps, the authors explicate how consumers’ de-ownership orientation influences digital piracy as a dark-side digital acquisition behavior through their compulsive and impulsive digital acquisition tendencies. Findings from a U.S. panel survey indicate that consumers’ de-ownership orientation leads to higher compulsive and impulsive digital acquisition tendencies, and consequently, stimulates digital piracy. This research also demonstrates that consumers’ moral intensity attenuates the identified positive relationships, while collectivistic feelings strengthen the effects of de-ownership orientation on compulsive and impulsive digital acquisition tendencies.

Background Empowerment among older adults is a key concept for improving their health. In contrast, empowerment evolves according to cultural and historical contexts and needs to be consistently tested and constructed. The purpose of this study was to clarify the components of older adults’ empowerment in contemporary Japan and to reconstruct the definition of empowerment. Methods A conceptual analysis was performed using Rodgers’ evolutionary method. The data sources were PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Igaku Chuo Zasshi. The search keywords were “empowerment,” “older adults,” and “Japan/Japanese.” Of the 8811 articles published between 2000 and 2019 that focused on older adults’ empowerment, we selected 60 articles that met our objectives. Results Seven antecedents, six attributes, and seven consequences were identified. Older adults’ empowerment in contemporary Japan was defined as “the series of processes in which disclosing oneself, not only verbally but also nonverbally (e.g., through work, roles, and collaborative activities), in connection with others, objectively perceiving one’s existence and challenges, taking proactive actions based on decision-making, and utilizing one’s strengths in new work and community life.” Conclusions This concept is useful in practice, education, and research on community development and providing support for older adults based on self-help and mutual aid, not only in Japan but also for the global aging society.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a model to examine how different technological and cognitive cues related to mobile food ordering applications (MFOAs) impact diners' intentions to use MFOAs continuously. The moderating role of national household demographics was also assessed in the online-to-offline (O2O) food delivery services (FDS) context.Design/methodology/approachDrawing insights from the uses and gratification (U&G) theory, an online sample survey of 968 valid respondents who had ordered or purchased food through delivery apps during the COVID-19 outbreak in China was used for the analysis. The proposed model was empirically tested using structural equation modeling.FindingsThe results revealed that cues in MFOAs (i.e. ease of use, convenience, price saving orientation, the listing of various food choices, exploring restaurant patterns, and compatibility) directly influenced diners' e-satisfaction and that intention to use continuously is triggered by e-satisfaction during the COVID-19 crisis. Moreover, this study found that collectivist household diners emphasized ease of use, convenience, and compatibility. Comparatively, individualistic household diners placed more importance upon price saving orientation and listing of various food choices during the pandemic.Originality/valueThe authors offer a new insight into customers' dining choices by extending the scope of O2O services in the food industry. The findings contribute to understanding diners' purchase decision-making processes regarding MFOAs' O2O-FDS during the COVID-19 crisis. The multi-group comparison via national household demographics also provides a new perspective regarding different dining preferences toward O2O-FDS.

Task conflicts among group members have a significant impact on team creativity, so it is critical to identify which conflict resolution styles should be used. This paper aims to examine how various conflict management styles influence team creativity via task conflict. The empirical research was conducted using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) for a sample of 257 employees working for Vietnamese organizations. The results show that dominating style increases task conflict while combining and obliging styles reduce it. To take advantage of the creativity-related benefits associated with task conflict, team leaders should develop an open atmosphere that encourages participants' integrating styles, rather than dominating styles. The negative influence of obliging style reflects Vietnamese culture's high collectivism. The study provides various approaches for task conflict management and also highlights the role of controlling task conflicts in enhancing team innovation. It implies that employees will be able to work better as a team in practice if conflict management strategies are used in a flexible manner. It helps them to build a good connection and successfully implement new ideas. Further research should extend the conclusion of this analysis in various contexts to generalize the findings. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01303 Full Text: PDF

Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been significant variations in the level of adoption of public health recommendations across international jurisdictions and between cultural groups. Such variations have contributed to the dissimilar levels of risks associated with this world-changing viral infection and have highlighted the potential role of culture in assigning meaning and importance to personal protective behaviours. The purpose of this study is to describe the cultural factors during the COVID-19 pandemic that shaped protective health behaviours in the Chinese-Canadian community, one of the largest Chinese diasporas outside of Asia. Methods A qualitative descriptive design was employed. Content analysis was used to analyze the data from semi-structured virtual interviews conducted with 83 adult Chinese-Canadian participants residing in a metropolitan area in the Province of Ontario, Canada. Findings The cultural factors of collectivism, information seeking behaviour, symbolism of masks, and previous experience with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) emerged as themes driving the early adoption of personal protective behaviours within the Chinese-Canadian community during the first wave of COVID-19. These protective behaviours that emerged prior to the first nation-wide lockdown in Canada included physical distancing, mask use, and self-quarantine beyond what was required at the time. Conclusion These findings have implications for the development of future public health interventions and campaigns targeting personal protective behaviours in this population and other ethnic minority populations with similar characteristics.

Through a narrative analysis of 33 interviews with Vietnamese early career academics, we explore whether a Confucianist/collectivist academic context in Vietnam has a key influence on academics’ identity work, within the embrace of encroaching managerialist practices. We show how these academics from 11 universities negotiated identity alignment and identity tensions between such cultural orientation and managerialism. On the one hand, a Confucianist ethic underpinning higher education in Vietnam is likely to encourage academics to engage in managerialist practices, as it promotes harmony and loyalty to their respective university and its global, ‘excellence’ goals. On the other hand, a cultural underpinning of collegiality can create tension with the individualist nature of managerialist practices. Our recommendations for universities in a similar context are to adapt the more individualistic performative approaches borrowed from the West by crafting their own collegiate, soft managerialist hybrid practices.

The problem of the distribution (in a broad sense) of the coronavirus vaccines – concerning the criterion by which the beneficiaries of the vaccine are selected – constitute a particular case of the general problem of the distribution of social goods. For this reason, it is necessary to discuss whether the selection criterion to be adopted is that of commutative justice or that of distributive justice and, consequently, whether the approach to the problem must follow an individualist perspective or a collectivist perspective, such as it happens regarding the general problem of the distribution of social goods. Therefore, problem of the distribution of the coronavirus vaccines is still a problem of social justice. In this essay, I will rehearse an application of each of these criteria to the problem at hand. © 2021 by Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia. All rights reserved.

While technological advances and digitalization have affected or transformed virtually every medium in the last two decades, visual communication is at the top of the list. An important communication media since the dawn of industrial society - especially in the first three quarters of the twentieth century, the poster is one of the mediums having undergone this transformation. This study compared traditional printed posters and novel digital posters using Harold Innis' "Push" theory. The findings of the comparison were analysed in the context of the role of the poster during the historical process as well as the attitudes and behaviours of the younger generation. The data obtained from the analysis indicate that the printed traditional posters help create a social structure and generation that adopt elitism, publicism, idealism, asceticism, authoritarianism, monism, and collectivism, whereas the digital poster contributes to a social structure and generation that embrace egalitarianism, privatism, realism, hedonism, deliberativism, pluralism, and individualism.

AIM The aim of this study is to understand how the behaviour of focal leaders impacts health care team performance and effectiveness. BACKGROUND Despite recent shifts towards more collectivistic leadership approaches, hierarchical structures that emphasize the role of an individual focal leader (i.e., the formal appointed leader) are still the norm in health care. Our understanding of the effect of focal leader behaviours on health care team performance remains unclear. EVALUATION A systematic review was conducted. Five electronic databases were searched using key terms. One thousand forty-seven records were retrieved. Data extraction, quality appraisal and narrative synthesis were conducted in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. KEY ISSUES Fifty papers met the criteria for inclusion, were reviewed and synthesized under the following categories: task-focused leadership, directive leadership, empowering leadership and relational focused leadership. CONCLUSIONS Categories are discussed in relation to team performance outcomes, safety specific outcomes, individual-level outcomes and outcomes related to interpersonal dynamics. Emerging themes are explored to examine and reflect on how leadership is enacted in health care, to catalogue best practices and to cascade these leadership practices broadly. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Empowering and relational leadership styles were associated with positive outcomes for nursing team performance. This underscores the importance of training and encouraging nursing leaders to engage in more collaborative leadership behaviours.

In this egocentric network study, we explored Chinese collectivism in relation to social network characteristics and sex work-related stigma among mid-age female sex workers (FSWs). Respondent-driven sampling was used to recruit 1245 mid-age FSWs from three cities in China. We found that a one standard deviation (SD) increase in FSWs’ collectivism was associated with a 0.18 SD decrease in social support (95% CI − 0.32, − 0.04), a 0.20 SD decrease in network effective size (i.e., the diversity of a social network; 95% CI − 0.30, − 0.10), and a 0.21 SD decrease in network betweenness (i.e., the “bridging potential” of egos within their networks; 95% CI − 0.33, − 0.09). Among participants who perceived more sex work stigma, the association between collectivism and FSWs' network betweenness was attenuated. In a collective culture emphasizing group values and honor, belonging to a less interconnected social network may give FSWs a structural advantage to cope with stigma and secure social support.

This study examined the bidirectional longitudinal relations between achievement goals and academic performance among Chinese college students. The Achievement Goal Questionnaire was administered to a sample of Chinese college students (N = 311) in their first and third years of study. Their end-of-term grade point averages were used as measures of their academic performance. Two-wave longitudinal data were collected and analyzed using a longitudinal design within a structural equation modeling framework. The results revealed positive reciprocal relations between performance approach goals and academic performance and negative reciprocal relations between performance avoidance goals and academic performance. In contrast, mastery goals were not significantly associated with academic performance. The implications of these results are discussed.

COVID-19 has had a major impact on collectivist cultures and their means of social interaction and maintaining contact with those in their wider community. This has particularly been the case for Pacific peoples living in diaspora, with COVID-19 preventing travel home and social distancing and forced lockdowns restricting the ability to gather. This has also impacted vā, the Pacific concept of ‘relational space’ critical to connectivity and maintaining relationships. This paper explains the creation of virtual faikava;online meeting environments in which Pacific kava users meet, maintain vā, connect with those at home and in the wider diasporic community and learn, while consuming their traditional beverage kava. © 2021, Wilf Malcolm Institute of Educational Research. All rights reserved.

PurposeThis study aims to demonstrate how integration is achieved in an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design by assessing the effect of collaborative cultural dimensions on supply chain collaboration amongst firms in Ghana's downstream petroleum sector. Specifically, the study examined how collectivism, long-term orientation, power symmetry, as well as uncertainty avoidance influence supply chain collaboration. Besides, it also demonstrates how integration is achieved in an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design.Design/methodology/approachUsing an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, the study employed a partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) analysis of quantitative data (N = 166), followed by a thematic analysis of eight semi-structured interviews to explain how and why the dimensions of collaborative culture impact supply chain collaboration.FindingsThe quantitative findings suggest that three out of the four dimensions of culture significantly predict supply chain collaboration. Integrating the quantitative and qualitative findings suggests convergence between the results of the quantitative and qualitative phases of the study as the qualitative results compliment the quantitative findings and offer more nuanced understanding of the cultural mechanisms responsible for successful supply chain collaborations.Practical implicationsThe findings provide managers in the downstream petroleum sector with insights into how and why the dimensions of collaborative culture influence supply chain collaboration. These managers should, therefore, build corporate cultures characterized with high levels of long-term orientation, power symmetry and uncertainty avoidance.Originality/valueOwing to the role of culture in successful supply chain collaborations, this study, through a mixed-methods design, links the dimensions of collaborative culture with supply chain collaboration in the downstream petroleum sector. Moreover, it demonstrates how integration and complementarity are achieved at the study design, methods, as well as the interpretation and reporting levels of an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design.

Purpose This paper aims to draw upon social cognitive theory to develop a conceptual framework of four types of factors: individual, social, organisational and cultural that influence an individual’s knowledge sharing behaviour. Design/methodology/approach Data from 298 employees in Myanmar’s banking industry were analysed using the structural equation modelling (SEM) approach. Findings The results reveal that an individual’s absorptive capacity, trust and social interaction significantly impact knowledge-sharing behaviour. Additionally, the study found the moderating influence of knowledge sharing opportunity and collectivism in examining the impact of absorptive capacity, trust and social interaction on knowledge sharing behaviour. Research limitations/implications Future research may consider other dimensions of cultural dimensions, and extending the model by adding outcomes of knowledge sharing behaviour such as innovation or productivity could also be considered. Practical implications Organisations need to consider absorptive capacity in the recruitment process, increase trust and social interaction among employees, promote knowledge-sharing opportunities and collectivism to promote knowledge-sharing behaviour. Originality/value The study’s distinctive contribution is the Myanmar bank sector's under-researched context for investigating the reverse relationship between absorptive capacity and knowledge sharing behaviour. The moderating effects of knowledge sharing opportunity and collectivism ignored mainly in the knowledge sharing literature were investigated in this study.

Much of the existing literature on Vietnamese Americans focuses on experiences of previous generations and does not capture the perspectives of the current generation of Vietnamese Americans, more specifically those who are college students. The present study examined the role of family influence on college experiences for Vietnamese American students. This study utilized qualitative methodology, analyzing data collected from semi-structured, in-person individual interviews conducted with six Vietnamese American college students (VACS) attending a large, predominantly white institution (PWI). Results from this study reveal not only how VACS construct meaning of their family influences and college experiences, but also how they come to understand their own Vietnamese American identity. Major findings from this study reveal that VACS exist between two worlds: the life of a second-generation immigrant Vietnamese American, and the life of an American college student. This article provides implications for higher education and student affairs practitioners to understand the unique experiences of this underrepresented and under-researched student population. Implications for further research are also discussed.

The paper compares Anglo-American and Chinese approaches to the outcomes of higher education, primarily but not solely collective outcomes, by examining the Western domain of ‘public good’ and ‘public goods’ and parallel or near parallel activities in China. It reviews scholarly discourses of society, state and higher education in the respective political cultures (‘traditions’), including individualism and collectivism, university autonomy, the critical function, higher education in civil society, and global tianxia and global common good. A key issue in symmetrical cross-cultural comparison is the position from which it is made; and as well as elucidating similarities and differences the paper develops what Sen calls a ‘trans-positional’ view based on integrating the two positional views. The two traditions are not closely aligned. However, aside for the Anglo-American public/private dualism in economics (which occludes collective outcomes), all ideas in both traditions can contribute to transpositional understanding of the individualised and collective outcomes of higher education.

Renal replacement therapies including dialysis and transplantation for patients with end-stage kidney failure are treatment options beyond the reach of a large segment of the population, particularly in resource-constrained settings. Health care professionals practicing within developing countries face unique ethical issues in the provision of these treatment options despite the existence of free treatment at different centers. Apart from issues of accessibility of dialysis services, initiation of treatment can have disastrous consequences for the entire family unit, which is magnified in collectivist societies. Several cost-cutting measures also may have to be used that raise moral dilemmas for physicians. Although transplantation is considered the most cost-effective solution in developing countries, leading to significantly better quality of life, issues of consent from biologically related living donors and the use of marginal donors may place physicians in a quandary. Policy making in developing countries must consider the socioeconomic implications of treatment choices that extend far beyond the treatment cost.

This paper investigates the influence of national culture on customers' behavior and customers' choice of channel through the customer life cycle stages. An exploratory in-depth single case study in a multinational organization in Egypt was conducted. Specifically, 31 in-depth interviews were conducted with members of staff in marketing, IT, retail and customer services departments, and external prospects/customers. Based on an interpretive approach, the authors have articulated a situated cultural approach based on structuration theory to identify the cultural dimensions that have provided an understanding of the cultural influence on customers' channel choice. The results highlighted that verbal, human interaction, traditional shopping, and cash based were the themes for customers' channel choice through the four stages of customer life cycle. The results also show that the customers' channel choices were linked to the following Egyptian cultural dimensions: collectivism, market price relationship, emotional, power distance, low trust, uncertainty avoidance, and universalism.

Renewable energy research in China often underestimates the impact of non-technical or human factors on adoption, as well as the impacts of these factors on energy inequality. This review investigates how social-psychological and demographic factors influence the adoption of electric vehicles, photovoltaic panels, solar water heaters, and smart home technology, especially in rural China. Renewable energy technology adoption in China is extensive, but many social-psychological and demographics barriers to greater diffusion have not been addressed in research or policy. Studies suggest that subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, government support, and knowledge about the technology are the most important social-psychological factors affecting adoption intention in China. Demographic factors and concomitant equity issues have received little attention are largely unstudied in China-specific research and constitutes a major research gap. The limited available literature suggests that the significant demographic factors are, income, urban versus rural setting, education, and cultural values weighted towards collectivism and uncertainty avoidance. We conclude with future research opportunities and policy recommendations.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the main elements of the educational process in the experimental complex of continuing education, thanks to which the high quality of education and key positions in the international rankings of universities are achieved. It is shown that the basic principles underlying the organization of the educational process can be divided into three groups: basic methodological (these include the principles of continuity, humanism and democracy, tolerance, collectivism and command, system, science, activity), organizational and methodological (partnerships, continuity of learning, research and education, innovation, providing conditions for independent learning and creativity, academic freedom, openness and transparency, individualization, academic integrity) and social context (compliance with national and international standards, competitiveness, elitism, equal access to education programs, social partnership, compliance with modern trends). The introduction of innovative approaches to the organization of the educational process, in particular distance learning technologies, game technologies, mechanisms for choosing disciplines and recognition of the results of non-formal and informal education, etc. is demonstrated. Emphasis is placed on the involvement of various categories of subjects in the educational process, including visiting professors, employers, practitioners, etc. The effectiveness of ensuring the quality of the educational process through the results of PUA participation in the international ranking MULTIRANK-2020 is shown.

Flexibility in terms of time, cost reduction, and learning outcome enhancement has been considered to be one of the main benefits of blended learning; meanwhile, for sophisticated technology, support resources for course redesign, as well as learner responsibility, are generally regarded as the main challenges facing blended learning implementation. With this in mind, this study highlights the cultural values that directly impact blended learning acceptance and effectiveness; it intends to evaluate the existing literature using a systemic review. In summary, the study found that those within a culture of high collectivism, power distance, short-term orientation, and uncertainty avoidance, tend to favour the traditional classroom and structured learning. Hence, such individuals may struggle to adopt the blended learning system, as this requires an independent, active, and self-directed learner. With this in mind, this study highlights the cultural values that directly impact blended learning acceptance and effectiveness; it intends to evaluate the existing literature using a systemic review. In summary, the study found that those within a culture of high collectivism, power distance, short-term orientation, and uncertainty avoidance, tend to favour the traditional classroom and structured learning. Hence, such individuals may struggle to adopt the blended learning system, as this requires an independent, active, and self-directed learner.

PurposeIn seeking to understand the impact of culture on conflict management (CM), extant organisational management research has, for the most part, confined itself to using the one-dimensional collectivism/individualism model of Hofstede's cultural theory. The purpose of this present study is to extend this knowledge area by adopting the more comprehensive analysis of Hofstede's fourfold dimensional typology – power distance, individualism/collectivism, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity/femininity – as a conceptual lens to investigate how national culture impacts the interpersonal CM of those in leadership positions in higher education institutions. Specifically, this article explores the extent to which cultural values influence the CM practices of university heads of departments (HODs).Design/methodology/approachAdopting a qualitative approach, 36 interviews were conducted with heads of different departments across a variety of disciplines in selected Nigerian universities.FindingsThe study's results conceptualise how underlying cultural norms – promoting paternalism, servility and social relations – influence the conflict-handling strategies adopted by university HODs. It consequently emerged from the thematic analysis that in Nigeria, conflict-handling decisions are shaped by status-based dictates, a normative emphasis on communality, masculine hegemony and religious motivation – as opposed to Western cultures, where these benevolent and integrative values play a far smaller role.Research limitations/implicationsThe study focussed on a small group of research subjects. Although the sample is not a sample that enables generalisation, the findings provide theoretical insights into how cultural ascendancy could frame conflict resolutions. This research is especially relevant as it runs in a culture significantly different from the ones that originally were investigated and in which managerial books and mainstream practices emerged and, thus, can contribute to challenge and enhance theory.Originality/valueThe study seeks to advance knowledge of the interface between culture and CM in a sub-Saharan African context where literature is scarce.

The article presents the results of a research into the problem of implementing cognitive models in processing information on the new coronavirus pandemic by Russian and Chinese mass media. The study involved a linguo-cultural analysis, a content analysis and a discourse analysis of publications in the period of March–June, 2020. The study is aimed at identifying and characterizing the concepts and communication semiotic resources of the media discourse used to present this information. The authors analyze over 600 texts of various genres and formats in Russian and Chinese media. The interpretative method helps to see the link between a media text and its social context, as well as between the interpretation of a fact in media discourse and the author’s and reader’s world models. According to the results of the study, processing and spreading any information, namely — the infodemic, or misinforming the public about the virus, involves a deliberate use of immanent concepts typical of members of a particular culture. The prevalent information flows about COVID-19 cause fear and trigger the instinct of self-preservation. In this context, it is the archetypes of the culture that are becoming the key remedy providing for modelling a culture-marked image of the country in the media landscape. The frames «weak body» and «death», and the theme of humans' vulnerability to the new threat have made people think about the purpose and values of life. The basic cognitive models in processing the frightening information are the core Chinese and Russian culture concepts, namely, collectivism, family, and good. The awakened cognitive stereotypes are aimed at preserving the social immunity of the country. The results of the study can be useful for fundamental interdisciplinary researches into basic cultural realias objectified in the media and in the works of journalists and other authors.

Despite the popularity of distributed leadership theory, the investigation of the micro-political aspects of such models have scarcely been explored, and insights on the cultural variety of distributed practices in schools are limited. The present study aimed to explore what micro-political aspects emerge in participative decision making in collectivist and individualist cultures. To this end, a multiple case study method was adopted, focusing on four Israeli public high schools. Schools were chosen to represent an ‘extreme’ case selection rationale: two non-religious urban schools representing individualist cases, and two communal schools in religious kibbutzim representing communal schools. The analysis shed light on three micro-political points of comparison between the prototypes of participative decision making in collectivist and individualist cultures related to control, actors, and stage crafting. The findings and implications are discussed.

Increasing pollution, climate change and concern over the energy consumption in conventional apparel production methods has made the textile industry as a major pollution source. Empirical advancement in the field of sustainable apparel and customer behavioural intention are not sufficient enough to be presumed applicable in Indian market settings. This study intends to examine the application of the extended TPB model by additional constructs like collectivism cultural orientation, environmental concern and price sensitivity for anticipating green apparel purchase intension of educated millennial in India. Quantitative research followed with cross-sectional survey design was used to ascertain millennial behavioral intention towards eco-friendly apparels. Variance-based estimator, Partial Least Square (PLS) structural equation modelling was used to confirm the proposed structural relationship and Multi Group Analysis (MGA) was employed to test the moderating effect of price sensitivity. Study disseminates valuable insights to policymakers and marketers to formulate strategies and policies to attain sustainability in fashion. India being a collectivist nation the study suggests marketers to manage collectivistic national values in order to promote environment friendly apparel so as to educate customers about environmental issues and the benefit of using ecological friendly product.

Background Research suggests that health/safety behaviors (e.g., drinking heavily) and medical behaviors (e.g., donating blood) may be perceived as inherently risky, and further suggests there is substantial variation in the likelihood of engaging in a particular health-related risk behavior across people. Research examining demographic and sociocultural factors related to both health/safety and medical risk-taking is highly limited. Importantly, with very few exceptions the literature examining health risks characterized by potentially hazardous health behaviors (e.g, heavy alcohol use, driving without a seatbelt) is kept separate from the literature examining health risks characterized by potentially beneficial medical behaviors (e.g., donating blood, taking medication). In the interest of health promotion, it is critical for researchers to identify – and describe – individuals who are less inclined to engage in health-harming behaviors while at the same time being more inclined to engage in health-benefiting behaviors. Identifying such a subtype of individuals was the guiding aim for this study. Method A national sample of adults in the United States responded to a survey on sociocultural and demographic correlates of health behaviors. Health-related risk-taking indicators were measured using the items from the health/safety and medical subscales of the DOSPERT-M. Subtypes of risk-takers were identified using latent profile analysis (LPA). Follow-up analyses to describe subtype demographic characteristics were conducted. Results LPA identified four subtypes of risk-takers, including a subtype (n = 565, 45% of the sample; labeled “divergent”) that was comprised of individuals who highly endorsed medical risk-taking (e.g., taking medicine, giving blood) and minimally endorsed health/safety risk-taking (e.g., drinking heavily, unprotected sex). Subsequent analyses suggested that, among other findings, divergent profile members were likely to be married, endorse familial interdependence, and orient toward masculinity rather than femininity. Conclusion By examining potentially modifiable factors related to individuals’ inclinations to engage in health protective behaviors, this study is an important step toward improving current health behavior interventions among U.S. adults.

Employing one of the established theories from cross-cultural psychology and sociology, first it is shown that both China and India are collectivist cultures. Then the Chinese and Indian worldviews are compared to highlight fundamental similarities between the two cultures. Finally, it is shown how self-cultivation is emphasised in both China and India. Effort is made to show how ideas presented by Confucius and Lao Tsu are captured in the Indian culture and social behaviours. A number of issues are raised for the development of indigenous knowledge from multiple perspectives using various paradigms and methodology. It is hoped that the special issue and this article will stimulate researchers to bridge Chinese and Indian psychologies which may pave the path towards peaceful prosperity.

The digital era, which increasingly becomes massive in people's lives, impacts the traditional sales methods. E-commerce companies compete in winning the competition to create superior customer value. An effective and efficient marketing strategy is needed that can influence customer purchase intention. The research focused on the effect of customer satisfaction, which created eWOM and increased brand equity on purchase intention by adding culture (collectivist culture) as the moderator variables. The research used a quantitative approach. The data were obtained from 280 respondents selected by non-probability sampling. Respondents were customers who had already bought products through e-commerce in Indonesia. The questionnaire instrument was adopted based on theories from the previous researchers. The data used the Likert scale and were analyzed using the SmartPLS 3.0. The results state a significant relationship between the independent and dependent variables. All independent variables have a significant influence on the dependent variable. However, culture as the moderator variable cannot get significant results in the relationship between all the variables. It gets irrelevant results. Hence, the results show that the moderator variable is more appropriate as the independent variable. It can directly affect purchase intention. The research contributes to testing culture as the moderator variable that makes the independent variables generalize the findings.

PurposeThe study explores accountants' views of the likelihood of widespread accounting manipulation in the emerging economy, Vietnam. Applying the fraud triangle framework, we examine accountants' responses to management pressure, manipulation opportunities and perceptions of how they rationalize their decisions.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses an experimental methodology involving 592 Vietnamese accountants as participants. Post-experiment field interviews were conducted with eight highly experienced accountants.FindingsOur findings indicate that accounting manipulation is perceived to be common in Vietnam. The findings reveal that there is no differentiation between manipulation of accounting transactions with or without management pressure and no differentiation between collective gain or individual gain.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the study focused on accountants' perceptions of accounting manipulation, these views may change over time. The impact of law reforms and the potential for prosecution under the force of law provisions could alter these perceptions.Practical implicationsThe study findings alert regulators, government authorities and auditors of the perceptions and views in relation to accounting manipulation and the potential for fraud in Vietnam. Auditors could use help from forensic specialists to uncover unethical behaviors identified in this study.Originality/valueThe fraud triangle framework is used to shed light on fraud through the examination of accounting manipulation in Vietnam. We contribute to the relevant accounting literature with insights into accountants' motivations toward conducting questionable accounting transactions. The contributions we make draw attention to preconceptions of Asian societies; in particular, accounting actions to motivate collectivist gains. While we shed further light on fraudulent accounting, we conclude that the fraud triangle framework does not necessarily articulate fraud well in relation to accounting manipulation in emerging economies.

Given the increasing importance of social media in brand management, this research examines how cross-country cultural distance plays a role in determining brand popularity on social media. Based on cultural discount theory, this research develops hypotheses on how cultural, socioeconomic, and brand-related variables influence such online brand popularity. Our empirical analysis shows that online brand popularity is influenced by a country’s cultural characteristics, cultural distance, and interactions involving the cultural distance and each of three factors (economic prosperity measured by per capita GDP, social media accessibility measured by Internet penetration, and the brand’s global status measured by brand globalness). Further, this research notes two widely used national cultural dimension systems—Hofstede’s and Schwartz’—and empirically finds that Hofstede’s system has better validity in this research context. Finally, in focusing on the potential managerial applications of this research, we cluster and profile three groups of countries in international brand management: (1) individualistic, low uncertainty avoidance cultures, (2) high masculinity, short-term orientation cultures, and (3) collectivistic, high uncertainty avoidance cultures. This research has implications for marketing managers who make various brand decisions, ranging from selecting countries to enter, to tweaking glocalization strategies for optimal product offerings.

This paper explores how a specific context supports or hinders work‐life balance (WLB) experiences focusing on women doctors and nurses in Malaysia. WLB and gender formed the conceptual basis of a qualitative study using in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews. The 26 participants were employed across public and private healthcare sectors. A systematic multi‐step data analytical procedure produced three key themes which contribute to the contemporary debate on WLB. In Malaysia, contextual factors exert a strong influence on WLB experiences for women doctors and nurses. Due to gender norms, women carry the burden of dual responsibilities for both professional and familial duties which disrupts WLB. Notably, collegiality at work facilitates WLB but is an informal mechanism rooted in a collectivist society. Finally, staff shortages in the healthcare sector also impede WLB. Based on the key themes, recommendations are made for a sustainable workforce in the Malaysian healthcare industry.

Introduction: Nepal is vulnerable to many hazards and disasters. Geographically, Nepal is situated at the Indi-an and Eurasian seismic plates and is prone to disasters like floods, landslides, fire, and earthquakes. The earthquake of April 25, 2015, with a 7.8 Richter scale and several aftershocks, have resulted in a considerable loss of human lives, physical infrastructure, and natural resources in Nepal. Many studies on the impacts of the earthquake mentioned the challenges in community recovery. This paper examines and explains the impact of earthquakes on family and community, how family and community cope during the disaster. Besides coping mechanisms, this paper explains discourses or conflicts in the family and communities. The paper is an outcome of a statistical analysis of 912 households' survey conducted in Nepal's central hill, Kispang Rural municipality, a community affected by the 2015 earthquake in Nuwakot district. Methods: This research relies on literature review, key informant interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), field visits, expert interviews, etic and emic approaches to observe from the field. The research questionnaires were prepared and performed a household survey of 912 households. Various questions on how the earthquake in Nepal "X" has created the "Y" impacts and discourses or conflict in the family and the community in Nepal's central hills were analyzed. Results: The earthquake has impacted the families and communities; however, the families and communities had shown distinct coping mechanisms to stay resilient to the impact—various factors were identified where family discourses and conflict escalated, which has impacted the community peace. Family level discourses and conflict emerged mainly in collectivist society or joint or extended families. Gender-based violence/ conflict is also measured and found augmented after the earthquake in the community. Conclusion: The research study concluded that family discourses and conflict emerged when disaster relief and reconstruction policies do not incorporate the affected communities' needs. The multi-dimensional holistic, integrated policies that integrate all the affected communities' needs will support building community and family-level peace. Discriminative policies that divide families and communities should not be practiced.

Several theoretical currents have been mobilized in the literature to understand factors of barriers to integration. Numerous studies have been carried out and the results obtained differ from one context to another. In addition, new barriers emerge with each study justifying the need for an exploratory approach to better understand the subject. The objective of this article is to review the literature with the aim of proposing a conceptual framework bringing together the various factors of barriers to integration that have been identified so far in the literature. In our work, we focus on accounting professionals trained abroad when they immigrate. The regulated profession of chartered accountant is a special case of the closed market with access control to the profession, reserved tasks and guarantees of technical competence (Paradeise, 2008). Following the interactionist sociologists of Chicago, numerous works, dealing with a great diversity of professional groups, have shown how these are built and recomposed in ceaseless struggles and negotiations, both at their borders and at their heart. The accounting professions, and in particular the accounting profession, illustrate this phenomenon in different national contexts (Dietrich & Moysan-Louazel, 2012: p. 5). We come to the conclusion that unlike studies on cultural, economic, social capital, and collectivist and individualist factors, the aspect of information has been very little used by the authors. Most studies on barriers to integration have focused on the qualitative methodology in data analysis. As a data collection tool, a large number of studies have used interviews or documentary analysis, and the results found differ from one context to another. This poses a problem of generalization of the results obtained. Most studies have focused on factors beyond the immigrant’s control (race, class, etc.) very few highlight the factors under the immigrant’s control such as (skill, training, etc.). …). In the rest of our work, we take a tour of the various theoretical currents mobilized in the literature.

Traditionally, the word ‘life’ in the concept of work-life balance focuses on family obligations. This conceptual paper sets out to present the notion that “life” goes beyond family responsibilities and is unique to employees of different demographics. Given the impending difference in how “life” is viewed by different groups of employees, this study reviews the literature and argues for the need to distinguish between different dimensions of the non-work domain. The discussion is centered on the transformation taking place within the Malaysian workforce. Recent trends indicate that “life” and “family” are indeed distinct domains. There is a need for organizations to acknowledge this distinction and provide relevant support to attain a balance between work, life, and family. The paper will help strengthen the knowledge about the “life” in the concept of work-life balance and employers better understand the conceptualization of “life” in work-life balance so that they can strategize and enhance employee well-being and eventually gain competitive advantage. Currently, the terms work-life balance and work-family balance are used interchangeably to represent a balance between the family and work domain. This is especially evident in collectivist countries such as Malaysia. However, the emphasis on family without due consideration to the needs of employees with different demographic configurations may result in work-life backlash. Hence, this study argues that the non-work domain is not limited to family obligations and should encompass both family obligations and personal activities. The emphasis on striking a balance between work and family domain should not be done at the expense of the well-being of employees with lesser or no family obligations.

This research examines the effects of localizing cultural values on perceived image and willingness to visit a heritage site. Using Collectivism-Individualism and Power Distance, two preregistered experiments were conducted with a total of 2039 respondents from Portugal and United Kingdom. In Study 1, against expectations, culturally incongruent webpage content expressing low (vs. high) Power Distance generates a higher willingness to visit among Portuguese participants. In Study 2, localized webpage content expressing Individualism (vs. Collectivism) leads to a higher willingness to visit among UK respondents, with the mediation of perceived image. Neither experiment shows an effect of the stimuli on perceived image. Findings suggest limited benefits of localization for heritage promotion and a high tolerance of participants toward incongruent cultural values.

Recent studies have shown that agricultural legacies can have a lasting effect on cultural formation. However, to date, the literature has not examined how the agricultural origins of culture affect individual preferences for modern technology. This paper addresses this gap by investigating how the agricultural origins of individualist and collectivist cultures have affected individual attitudes towards contemporary science and technology, at the subnational level. Its results suggest that societies that have historically cultivated low labor-intensive crops, which demand individualistic behavior, have developed favorable attitudes towards technology. Conversely, societies that cultivated labor-intensive crops, which required intense cooperation and cohesiveness among farming communities, developed collectivist norms, which in turn led to their exhibiting a lower affinity to, and preference for, technology. This study’s findings advance our understanding of how the diversity of agricultural legacies can explain subnational differences in individual’s attitudes towards modern scientific progress.

This paper examines the ethnic and spiritual factors of the Uzbek community, its customs and traditions, such as the organization “Mahalla”, hashar (voluntary group work), wedding, gap-gashtak (party), hospitality, as well as the role of public opinion in strengthening the culture of communication and national identity.

Undergraduate transfer refers to the pursuance of education of a higher education student in another program or department with a similar grade of the former. Applied in two methods, internal or external, students have rights to transfer to another department internally or another university within the context of the undergraduate transfers. Following the latest regulations made by the Council of Higher Education (YOK), undergraduate transfers gained a gripping attention of private universities. Private universities started major commercial campaigns for the undergraduate transfers which gives a massive boost to the increase of student quantity. This study is focused on the advertisement campaigns of undergraduate transfer processes of private universities, which are, in contrast, defined with the mission of generating information, disseminating and providing social benefit. The aim is to analyze the advertisements launched by universities during the transfer period, and evaluate them in the context of universities' social missions, which are defined as science and education institutions focused on education and research, producing scientific knowledge and disseminating it for public benefit. Considering the data collected during this research, universities, ignoring the primary functions and values of their vision & mission definitions, promote discount and scholarship opportunities and stimulate commercial marketing strategies. Universities should pursue marketing strategies with universal values defined in their vision & mission discourse such as “collectivism”, “scientific contribution” and “production of knowledge”, which in return might help universities transform/reverse the perception of commercialization.

Purpose – This study aims to explain how the process of organizational socialization of newcomers occurs in a public faculty. Design/methodology/approach – This qualitative and interpretativist research was conducted under an interactionist approach. We interviewed 14 newcomers and also experienced government employees from a state public faculty in Sao Paulo. The content of the interviews was analyzed by a categorization process. Findings – The findings show that socialization of newcomers is self-motivated, informal, non-institutionalized, influenced by the normative nature of work and insufficient support given by the group. Newcomers’ admission into the workplace does not cause serious conflicts or tensions that could lead to changes in the workplace. It is the proactive behavior of the newcomers that allows them to adapt to work and know traditions, beliefs and history of the organization. Research limitations/implications – The limitation of this study is the context of a public university’s workplace. Practical implications – This research allows the organization to get information about the triangular relationship between challenge, support and trust which could have direct effects on the newcomers’ workplace learning. Social implications – We propose that the organization creates a workplace in which the employees can feel strong bonds of solidarity and collectivism, and in which they could have concrete opportunities to realize that their work can contribute to something important, impacting, in the group and in the organization. Originality/value – This study articulates the concepts of organizational socialization, proactive behavior and self-socialization, which may provide future implications for public management in universities.

PurposeThis article explores value-based motivations to adopt ecological entrepreneurship (ecopreneurship) practices and investigates how intersections of social identities such as gender, religion and ethnicity influence these motivations.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses primary data from field observations, social media analysis and semistructured in-depth interviews with 16 owner-managers of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Indonesian craft sector.FindingsThe findings show that self-enhancement, conservation and self-transcendence values motivated the entrepreneurs to adopt ecopreneurship practices. Furthermore, the intersections of identities also tended to influence the entrepreneurs' motivations to adopt ecopreneurship practices.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample was limited to the Indonesian craft sector. However, the study has furthered one’s understanding of how values motivate ecopreneurship behavior. Conservation values were added to the values known to influence proenvironmental behavior. Furthermore, Schwartz's value theory, strongly associated with Western, individualistic, culture is suggested to be adapted. In Asian – collectivist – cultures, the values driving the entrepreneur are often more community-oriented than individualistic.Practical implicationsThis study recommends policymakers to create more inclusive policies to foster the acceleration of sustainable development by equitably including both genders and encourages them to promote local culture, which motivates entrepreneurs in the craft sector to adopt ecopreneurship practices.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the entrepreneurship literature, particularly to the fields of gender and ecopreneurship, by considering the intersections of identities of the ecopreneurs. A research agenda for ecological entrepreneurship and family business researchers is provided.

This paper draws on practice theory to argue that the practiced culture of a society and gender interact to create cultured capacities for social entrepreneurship among entrepreneurs. We combine data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) with the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) and World Bank (WB) to identify what cultural practices are most relevant for female entrepreneurs’ practice of social entrepreneurship across 33 countries. Our findings suggest that female entrepreneurs are more likely to engage in social entrepreneurship when cultural practices of power distance, humane orientation, and in-group collectivism are low, and cultural practices of future orientation and uncertainty avoidance are high, when compared to male entrepreneurs.

Purpose: the article aims to analyze small business activity in its development. Discussion: during the study, the authors paid special attention to assessing the impact of institutions on the effectiveness of small businesses, as well as the national economy as a whole, taking into account the essential differences in economic relations characteristic of certain economic systems. Certainly, the development of mechanisms preventing the negative consequences of emerging problems that arise during the development of small enterprises requires identifying the role of the state in supporting the activities of small businesses and in providing individualistic and collectivist approaches to the development of small enterprises. Results: the authors systematize theoretical approaches and assumptions in the institutional analysis of fundamental prerequisites and the external environment, as well as the mechanism of their interaction. On the basis of the analysis, the authors propose refinements of the theoretical approach in the institutional analysis of the justification of assumptions.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine factors motivating an individual to report a whistleblowing scenario to various stakeholders within a company. This paper examines how four factors (country of origin and the espoused national cultures of masculinity, collectivism and uncertainty avoidance) influence the level of responsibility toward three stakeholders at different levels of hierarchy in an organization. Design/methodology/approach Using a case-based approach, this study collects data from 432 accounting students from two different countries. Using regression analysis on the pooled data, this paper provides evidence on how accounting students would behave when facing a whistleblowing situation involving their immediate supervisor. Findings This study finds that country of origin and espoused national cultural values influence the individual’s decision regarding whom to blow the whistle. Originality/value The study has improved upon the methodological deficiencies of previous studies that rely on Hofstede’s (1980) cultural values in that the paper focuses on the espoused national culture at the individual level.

Purpose This paper aims to illustrate why an understanding of how levels of analysis interact is an essential part of multilevel research in the field of international business (IB). Using research on strategy implementation (SI) in multinational corporations (MNCs) as an example, this paper develops a taxonomy and research agenda that demonstrates the key role critical scholars can play in advancing multilevel theorization. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on the assumptions of methodological collectivism and individualism, the paper presents a four-step framework: defining the theoretical boundaries of the selected subject; juxtaposing theoretical arguments with empirical work; identifying single- and multi-level theories; and developing a research agenda. Findings Research on SI in MNCs has been dominated by one type of theorizing that focuses on the designs of organizational systems or the power of institutions. Multilevel theorization grounded in methodological individualism would offer new knowledge by including the views of under-represented stakeholders, questioning the justice of established systems and overall implications of MNC operations. Research limitations/implications The proposed four-step framework encourages scholars to adopt a systematic approach to multilevel theorizing and draw upon the untapped potential of IB theories. Originality/value The paper contributes to the IB field by introducing an approach to assessing IB research from a multilevel theorizing perspective. The actionable research agenda on SI and the taxonomy of SI research can assist scholars in making aligned choices on study design and envisioning research questions that yield meaningful contributions to theory and practice.