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Obesity is a chronic disease described by the large amount of body fat that leads to an increase in Body Mass Index (BMI). It is subdivided into three levels, being grade I with a BMI between 30 and 34.9 kg/m2, grade II between 35 and 39.9 kg/m2 and grade III or morbid obesity with a BMI above 40 kg/m2. Aiming at reversing the morbid condition caused by the disease, the bariatric surgical technique presents itself as the most effective option to contain grade III obesity, as well as the associated co morbidities. The objective of surgical techniques is to improve the quality of life of the obese, reducing both physical and psychosocial problems. As endocrine disease is related to several co morbidities, such as high blood pressure, sleep apnea and even some types of cancer, it is necessary to carry out an investigation into the surgical technique to be applied as well as its effectiveness during and after the surgical procedure.

There are several factors that can cause us to have any disease, with those of the cardiorespiratory system is no different. They can arise by genetic inheritance, viroses and bacteria. Prevention in such cases is essential. Directly with the speech, the cardiorespiratory system of the teachers must be worked, be it of rehabilitative or preventive form. The objective of this work was to preempt the activities with respiratory exercises to strengthen and stretch the muscles responsible for breathing. Materials and methods: stretches, exercises, Respiron® and explanatory folders of how to perform the breathing exercises were used in a closed room with a maximum of 5 teachers at a time, so that there was relaxation. Results: The entire group of teachers performed the exercises, and they reported that there was a significant decrease in stress in the classroom, and improved sleep. Conclusion: it was concluded that with the exercises and stretches, the improvement occurred in the cardiorespiratory system, in the quality of life, as well as in the classroom.

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease caused by an excess of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia), due to the inability of insulin to perform its functions. It is, innumerable times, related to obesity and sedentary lifestyle. Diabetes is a complex metabolic disease that can have devastating effects on multiple organ systems. With this, the objective of the present study was to carry out a systematic review about the effectiveness of the practice of physical activity in the control of glycemia in individuals with Diabetes Mellitus. For this review, searches were performed in the following databases: PubMed, Scielo, LILACS and MEDLINE. The following descriptors were used in Portuguese and Spanish: diabetes mellitus, exercise, type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 252 articles were found with the descriptors mentioned, of which, after the selection process, 13 articles remained for full reading, of which 7 met all the inclusion criteria. Data collection was restricted to clinical research carried out with human beings of both genders in the last 5 years (2015 to 2020). The literature points out as the main form of managing diabetes mellitus, aerobic physical exercise of moderate intensity, which causes positive changes in glycemic control and cardiovascular response.

Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is an important enzyme participating in inactivation of carcinogenic oestrogen metabolites. In humans there is a single nucleotide polymorphism in COMT gene (COMT va1158met) that has been associated with an increased risk for developing breast cancer. In dogs, there is a single nucleotide polymorphism in COMT gene (G482A), but its relation with mammary carcinogenesis has never been investigated. The aim of this study was to focus on the evaluation of such polymorphism as a risk factor for the development of mammary tumors in bitches and on the analysis of its relationship with some clinicopathologic features (dog's age and weight, number and histologic type of the lesions, lymph node metastasis) of canine mammary neoplasms. A case-control study was conducted analyzing 90 bitches with mammary tumors and 84 bitches without evidence of neoplastic disease. The COMT G482A polymorphism was analyzed by PCR-RFLP. We found a protective effect of the polymorphism in age of onset of mammary tumors, although we could not establish a significant association between COMT genotype and other clinicopathologic parameters nor with mammary tumor risk overall. Animals carrying the variant allele have a threefold likelihood of developing mammary tumors after 9 years of age in comparison with noncarriers. The Kaplan-Meier method revealed significant differences in the waiting time for onset of malignant disease for A allele carrier (12.46 years) and noncarrier (11.13 years) animals. This investigation constitutes the first case-control study designed to assess the relationship between polymorphic genes and mammary tumor risk in dogs. Our results point to the combined effect of COMT genotype with other genetic and/or environmental risk factors as important key factors for mammary tumor etiopathogenesis.

The relationship between E-cadherin epithelial expression, as detected by immunohistochemical methods, and other clinico-pathological characteristics of canine malignant mammary tumours was studied in 77 tumours surgically removed from 45 female dogs. The immunohistochemical assessment was based on the estimated percentage of epithelial cells with membranous labelling. Reduction of E-cadherin expression was significantly related to size and ulceration of tumours but not to fixation to skin or underlying tissue; it was also related to lymph node metastasis, necrosis and infiltrative growth. Histological type (but not histological grade) was related to E-cadherin expression, with solid tumours more frequently lacking expression and tubulopapillary tumours showing increased expression as compared with the other types. The significant relationship between E-cadherin and other known factors of poor prognosis suggests that the loss of E-cadherin expression may have prognostic value in canine malignant mammary tumours.

FIG 2: Histology of a splenic hamartoma, showing the exclusive presence of red pulp tissue on the left hand side, without associated white pulp follicles, as can be seen on the right hand side, which shows normal adjacent splenic tissue. Haematoxylin and eosin. x 100 FIG 1: Splenic hamartomas, identified during laparotomy as several discoloured nodules protruding above the capsular surface of the slightly enlarged spleen