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New evidence shows that up to 40% of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cases are attributable to exposure to potentially modifiable factors. We can now identify people at higher risk of RA (pre-RA) through their family history, risk factors, autoantibodies and symptoms. Counselling these patients to act to modify factors known to be associated with RA risk could prevent the development of RA, and evidence shows that informing individuals of their risk and of ways to reduce it leads to positive behavioural change and is not harmful. This consumer-focussed narrative review is targeted at primary care providers and physicians to describe 11 changes that can be made, based on current evidence linking potentially modifiable factors to RA risk. These evidence-based recommendations are: (i) cease smoking; (ii) reduce exposure to inhaled silica, dusts and occupational risks; (iii) maintain a healthy weight; (iv) increase leisure time physical activity; (v) maintain good dental hygiene; (vi) maximise breastfeeding if able; (vii) maximise dietary quality and avoid high-salt diets; (viii) consume high levels of omega-3 fatty acids and fish; (ix) reduce consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks; (x) consume moderate levels of alcohol; and (xi) remain vitamin D replete.

Dental and oral hygiene problem is the leading cause of daily activities disruption in children such as missing school, bad learning concentration, appetite and nutritional intake. Knowledge of dental and oral hygiene should be given at early age in family by the parents. The aim of our work was to determine relationship between parents’ knowledge and dental hygiene of the SDLB children (children with special needs). We undertook this research with analytical survey. A cross-sectional design was carried out. The sampling method was total sampling namely parents of children with special needs and the children as many as 80 people. Chi-Square test was performed to analyze the data. The results show that the knowledge of parents about dental and oral hygiene is not good (85%), while the dental and oral hygiene in children with special needs is poor (85%). Based on the Chi-Square Test, it produces a p-value of sig (2-sided) = 0.002 in the test, so it can obtain a p-value (probability value) from the test (p = 0.002 = 0.05) so that Ho is rejected. In conclusion, a relationship between parental knowledge and oral hygiene in children with special needs does exist.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the educational concerns and awareness level among dental hygiene students during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Materials and Methods A questionnaire, created via Google Forms, was sent electronically to 240 dental hygiene students from Turkey, of which 223 replied to the survey. The questionnaire was divided into 4 parts and consisted of 24 close‐ended questions. Results The main symptoms of COVID‐19 were correctly recognized by 71% of the students, and 40.2% of the students were aware of the transmission routes. Of all, 77.1% of the students expressed fear of getting infected, 96.9% believed that they would more likely get infected while performing dental procedures, and 91% believed that dental hygienists’ cross‐contamination risk was high. Furthermore, 69.5% of the students stated that their undergraduate education process was negatively affected, 59.6% appreciated ongoing online education, and 31.8% wanted face‐to‐face clinical internships. Conclusions Although most of the students were aware of the transmission routes and preventive measures of COVID‐19, concerns regarding disease transmission among them remain. Students appreciated the ongoing online education and believed that face‐to‐face education is risky during this current pandemic. However, they believe that this process can adversely affect their professional knowledge and especially practical skills. A balance must be struck between sustaining an effective dental hygiene education process and containing the spread of COVID‐19.

Background: Cross infection control, to reduce the incidence of disease transmission between patients and dental team personnel, is an integral part of good clinical practice. Objective: To assess knowledge, attitude and practice of cross infection control among dental, dental hygiene, and dental technology students. Methods: Data were collected by a self-administrated questionnaire assessing knowledge, attitude, and practice of infection control measures. The questionnaire was published electronically to final year dental, dental hygiene, and dental technology students through student’s official social media groups . Results: Statistically significant difference was found in relation to students' specialization (p-value ≤ 0.05). None of the dental hygienist students had a negative attitude about infection control, while most of participants with a negative attitude were dental technology students (84.6%). No statistically significant difference (p>0.05) was found between groups in regard to cross-infection knowledge, where the level of knowledge ranged from moderate to good. Conclusion: Good knowledge, attitude, and practice were reported for dental and dental hygiene students, while good knowledge with a negative attitude was found amongst dental technology students. Specialty affected the practice of infection control measures, yet gender was not a significant variable. Improvement of the university curriculum, particularly for dental technology students, to increase awareness and knowledge of cross infection control is highly recommended.

Background: It is important for dental care providers to make the correct diagnosis and treatment of the oro-facial region. For treatment planning, it is very crucial to eliminate the risk factors. In this study, we will evaluate dental hygiene and para-functional habits in oro-facial pain among patients visiting Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of oro-facial pain associated with oral hygiene practices and para-functional habits among patients visiting Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital. Also, explore the co-relation of dental hygiene, para-functional habits, and oro-facial pain. Methodology: Patients from Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital are sorted for study. The current study will randomly recruit male and female participants of Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital encountered with oro-facial pain and unfamiliar oro-facial pain contributors. That will be sorted out via the convenient sampling method. Procedures in the contemporary study will be overseen in full accordance with the Public Health Department at SPDC and former the wince data collection, each contributor will be required to sign a written informed consent. Three interviewers will interview the contributors using a validated questionnaire at SPDC. Expected Results: The expected result of this study will evaluate dental hygiene and para-functional habits of oro-facial pain among patients visiting Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital. In this study, we will evaluate the co-relation of dental hygiene, para-functional habits, and orofacial pain to find any significant association between these three factors. Conclusion: This study will be conducted to assess the prevalence of orofacial pain associated with oral hygiene practices and para-functional habits among patients visiting Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital. Also we will evaluate the co-relation of dental hygiene, para-functional habits, and orofacial pain to find any significant association between these three factors.

Dental caries (cavities), one of the most common infectious diseases, is caused by a number of factors. Oral microbes, dietary practices, sociodemographic factors, and dental hygiene all inform caries risk. Assessing the impact of diet is complicated as individuals eat foods in combinations, and the interactions among the foods may alter caries risk. Our study aimed to prospectively assess the association between dietary patterns and caries risk in the postpartum period, a potentially sensitive period for caries development. We analyzed in-person dental assessments and telephone food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) from 879 Caucasian women participating in the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia Cohort 2 (COHRA2) that were collected biannually for up to 6 y. One-week recall of food intake frequency was assessed using a Likert scale. We used principal component analysis to summarize the FFQ data; the top 2 components described 15% and 12% of the variance in FFQ data. The first component was characterized by high consumption of fruits and vegetables, while the second component was heavily influenced by desserts and crackers. We used a modified Poisson model to predict the risk of an increase in the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth in the postpartum period by 1) dietary patterns and 2) individual foods and beverages at the previous study visit, after controlling for other known risk factors, including history of carious lesions. Eating a dietary pattern high in desserts and crackers was associated with a 20% increase in the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth in the postpartum period (95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.39). However, this effect was attenuated among those who also consumed a dietary pattern high in fruits and vegetables. Dietary patterns should be considered when devising interventions aimed at preventing dental caries.

Objective: To compare the prevalence of dental caries through the DMFT /dmft index with the low academic performance in schoolchildren at a public school in Lima. Methods: Observational, analytical, cross-sectional, prospective design. The sample was made up of schoolchildren aged 10 to 12 from the Fortaleza de Vitarte Educational Institution N o . 1239, from the period 2019. The sample size was made up of 136 schoolchildren who met the inclusion criteria. Dental evaluations were performed after dental hygiene and a record of the odontogram was taken using the DMFT / dmft index, to determine the presence of dental caries. Likewise, the record of grades was collected to obtain academic performance. Results: A high prevalence of dental caries was found in schoolchildren (94.9%), with moderate lesions prevailing (36.8%) compared to healthy teeth (5.1%). Likewise, the prevalence of carious lesions in children aged 11 years (50.7%), followed by 12 years (26.5%) and 10 years (22.8%), an increase is observed between the ages of 10 years and 11 years. In addition, a low academic performance of (10.3%) was presented, being the distribution in males (6%) and in females (3.7%). It was found that the DMFT +dmft are homogeneous in approved children and children with low performance both in age and sex, meaning that there is no statistically significant difference between both variables (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Despite the high prevalence of dental caries, it does not show a correlation with low academic performance in schoolchildren aged 10 to 12 according to the DMFT / dmft index.

Objective Healthcare agencies recommend limited use of aerosol‐generating procedures to mitigate disease (COVID‐19) transmission. However, total dispersion patterns of aerosols, particularly respirable droplets, via dental ultrasonic units is unclear. The purpose of this study was to characterize and map total spatter, droplet and aerosol dispersion during ultrasonic scaling in simulated and clinical contexts. Methods Ultrasonic scaling was performed on dental simulation units using methylene blue dye‐stained water. All resultant stain profiles were photoanalysed to calculate droplet size and travel distance/direction. Airborne particle concentrations were also documented 0–1.2 m (0–4ft.) and 1.2–2.4 m (4–8ft.) from patients during in vivo ultrasonic scaling with a saliva ejector. Results Stain profiles showed droplets between 25 and 50µm in diameter were most common, with smaller droplets closer to the mouth. In‐vivo particle concentrations were uniformly low. The smallest (10 µm, PM10+) particles were most common, especially within 1.2 m (4ft.) of the patient. Respirable particles (PM2.5) were uncommon. Conclusions Tests showed the highest concentration of small droplets in zones nearest the patient. While uncommon, particles were detected up to 2.4 m (8ft.) away. Furthermore, observed particle sizes were consistent with those that can carry infectious agents. Efforts to mitigate the spread of inhalable aerosols should emphasize proximate regions nearest the procedure, including personal protective equipment and the use of evacuation devices.

Purpose. To examine whether growth in visits to Public Health Dental Hygiene Practitioners (PHDHPs) providing preventative dental services at a pediatric hospital clinic was predominantly among children receiving public insurance and children of minority background from 2013 to 2017. Methods. Longitudinal descriptive data analysis from electronic health records for 6,856 children under age 18 years who visited PHDHPs co-located at a hospital clinic in Pittsburgh, PA, from 2013 to 2017. We compared visits between white versus non-white children and between children with public, private, and no or missing insurance by year. Results. Visit volume doubled from 2013 (n=811) to 2017 (n=1868). The proportion of PHDHP visits with non-white children increased from 77% (n=625) in 2013 to 87% (n=1,472) in 2017 (P

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the experience of receiving career education among final-year dental hygiene students and their views regarding their work and profession, as part of research on the working style of dental hygienists. METHODS An anonymous, self-administered survey was sent by post to all the 162 dental hygienist schools in Japan with dental hygiene students in their final year in November 2019. The main questions were regarding student attributes, career aspirations, their perspective on work and profession and whether or not they received career education at a dental hygienist training school. Analysis was conducted by cross-tabulation and logistic regression. RESULTS Completed questionnaires were sent to us by 150 schools (response rate 92.6%), with a response from 6,270 students. The students who had received career education had significantly higher awareness and plans for the profession and a positive attitude towards the work (p

Objective: Since the 1960s, there has been contradictory evidence regarding the association between periodontal pathology and the status of the pulp. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the histopathological changes of pulp tissue with severe periodontal disease, including vertical bone loss involving the major apical foramen, and compared them with the histological pulpal status of teeth with healthy periodontium. Methods: This case-controlled study included 35 intact teeth with severe periodontitis of hopeless prognosis (test group) and 35 teeth without periodontitis extracted for orthodontic reasons (control group). For each tooth, periodontal and endodontic parameters such as probing depth and pulpal vitality were recorded, and the pulp tissue was evaluated histologically. The data were analysed with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Vital pulp was observed in all specimens of both groups (P=1). Pulpal inflammation in the apical portion was observed in 81.71% of the severe periodontitis group, whereas all teeth in the control group demonstrated no signs of pulpal inflammation. Dystrophic calcification and pulp stones were observed in 7.5% of the periodontitis group and 5.7% of the healthy group (P>0.05). Pulp fibrosis was observed in 22.8% of the periodontitis group and 2.8% of the control group (P=0.012). Pulpal necrosis was not noted in either group. In the periodontitis group, internal resorption was present in 22.8% of cases (P=0.005) and external resorption was present in 80% of cases (P

Introduction: Tannerella forsythia, is an anaerobic, Gram-negative microorganism closely related to periodontal disease. Factors such as poor dental hygiene, fixed orthodontic appliances, etc. can cause dysbiosis in the bacterial community. Objective: To analyze the literature about the epidemiology, diagnostic methods, oral manifestations, relationship with systemic diseases and treatment of Tannerella forsythia in orthodontic patients. Methodology: Using the keywords “T. forsythia”, “orthodontics”, “oral manifestations”, “diagnostics”, “treatment” and “epidemiology”, the main public databases were searched, with emphasis on the last 5 years. It was evaluated with the PRISMA and AMSTAR-2 guidelines. Results: At the national level, in 2019, cases of gingivitis and periodontal disease ranked fifth among the twenty main causes of diseases. As a diagnostic method, most of the studies used molecular biology (PCR) for the identification of bacterial DNA. Very few studies performed cultures for identification. T. forsythia is capable of inducing characteristic signs of gingivitis and periodontal disease. Non-surgical mechanical therapy remains the gold standard in its treatment. There are multiple diseases that can be related to the presence of T. forsythia, so its medical importance becomes more relevant and its control, essential. Conclusion: T. forsythia is closely related to periodontal disease. Its presence is mainly found in the easily accumulated plaque in patients with fixed appliances. It is essential to diagnose it for a treatment that can avoid harm to the patient.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate factors influencing preventive behavior against COVID-19 among college students majoring in dental hygiene. Methods: This study is based on a questionnaire survey via online collected from students currently majoring in dental hygiene from 2 colleges in Busan area. Subjects were informed of the purpose and the necessity of the study and agreed to participate in the investigation beforehand. Results: Preventive behavior against COVID-19 was highly affected by attitude and knowledge of COVID-19. Conclusions: Knowledge and attitude toward COVID-19 have significant effect on preventive behavior against COVID-19

Objectives: This study examines dental hygiene students’ knowledge of and compliance with coughing etiquette; it also seeks to identify factors that influence dental hygiene students’ compliance with coughing etiquette. Methods: An online questionnaire was distributed to students currently majoring in dental hygiene at two colleges in the Busan area. The subjects were informed of the purpose of the study; all participants provided informed consent to take part in the study. Results: The findings show that factors that impact compliance with coughing etiquette include knowledge of coughing etiquette, carrying tissues, and awareness of coughing etiquette. Conclusions: Dental hygiene students’ compliance with coughing etiquette was significantly influenced by knowledge of coughing etiquette, carrying tissues, and awareness of coughing etiquette

Objectives: This study examines the mediating and moderating effects of characteristics of sleep disorders on the impact of smartphone overuse on academic delay in dental hygiene students. Methods: A survey was conducted from October 19 to November 27, 2020, targeting 164 dental hygiene students in Busan and Daejeon. The analysis method used the SPSS 26.0 program. Results: As a result of analyzing the characteristics of sleep disorders, it was found that as the characteristics of sleep disorders increased, the influence of excessive use of smartphones on academic delay behavior increased (p

Dental and oral hygiene is a condition in which the teeth in the oral cavity are clean, free from plaque , debris, tartar and food scraps on the surface of the teeth as well as no bad breath. By cleaning from food debris left between the teeth, the dental and oral hygiene can be achieved properly. Health maintenance requires supporting facilities that can help attempt to improve the degree of oral health, one of which is by the use of media. Media or props are aids for the promotion of dental health that can be seen, heard, touched, or smelled in order to facilitate communication and disseminate information. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using flipchart media in improving dental and oral hygiene among elementary students. We undertook the research at SD GMIM Tumpengan, Sea II Village, Pineleng District with a sample of 74 people. The study was conducted with an analytical survey with a cross-sectional study approach, using the T test. In conclusion, our work shows that flipcharts are effective in improving oral and dental hygiene.

Personal hygiene for school-age children is a public health problem that still needs attention, including for the Suku Laut Duano children. The lack of implementation of personal hygiene in children can increase the risk of infection. The results showed that there was a relationship between personal hygiene and health problems. Therefore, it is necessary to know the application of personal hygiene in school-age children in the Suku Laut Duano. This study aimed to determine the description of personal hygiene based on skin hygiene, foot, hand, and nail hygiene, oral and dental hygiene, and hair hygiene. This research was a descriptive study using a cross-sectional design. Collecting data was carried out through interviews using a questionnaire. The population in this study were all school-age children, totaling 27 children. Data were analyzed by univariate. The results showed that the personal hygiene of the children was mostly in the poor category, both based on skin hygiene (66.7%), cleanliness of feet, hands, and nails (74%), oral hygiene, and teeth (66, 7%), and hair hygiene (70.4%). Poor personal hygiene can cause health problems in children. Therefore, the implementation of personal hygiene in children needs to be improved by involving parents and school.

Background: Oral diseases are one of the most prevalent problems throughout the world. According to WHO, despite great improvements in the oral health of population in several countries, concerns persist. Research objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate oral health related behaviors and practices, dietary habits, and to highlight the status of oral hygiene in adults. Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological study in 1 211 individuals aged 18 years and more was carried out. Those individuals were selected among the 50 enumerated areas that make up the city. We resort to a quantitative approach (using descriptive methods) and to qualitative technique in order to well understand adults’ practices regarding dental hygiene. Results: We found that most respondents were males (68.9 %), belonged to the 35-45 age group (48.3%), and are involved in informal activities (56.9). The study revealed that 42.8 % use tobacco and 49.0% drink alcohol on a regularly (daily) basis. 78.1% brush their teeth, but once daily (76.2%), with very few who respect the brushing technique in accordance with the WHO recommendations (09.5%). The cleaning products used are varied: fluoridated toothpaste (43.5%), chewing (19.1%), and tooth powder (18.1%). Analysis of the debris index and the tartar index shows that the level of oral hygiene in the adult population in Bafia is poor (75.2%). Learning objectives: it is important to establish oral hygiene programs or strengthen existing programs, with emphasis on the effective use of fluorides for the prevention of dental caries, promotion of oral hygiene, integration of oral health into national and community health programs.&nbsp

La lengua negra pilosa (LNP) es una alteración benigna caracterizada por coloración oscura e hipertrofia con hiperqueratosis en las papilas filiformes de la superficie de la lengua. Han sido implicados varios factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos como causales, entre ellos la pobre higiene dental, el tabaquismo, la ingesta de bebidas oscuras, el uso de antibióticos y algunas patologías malignas. Reportamos el caso de un paciente con carcinoma escamocelular avanzado de esófago medio conjunto con LNP, asociación no encontrada previamente en la literatura.

Dental health education is used as a measuring tool to generate knowledge and awareness that can influence a person's attitudes and habits towards oral and dental hygiene. Low oral health knowledge can be affected to children's attitudes and actions. The study aims to determine the effect of guidance on the technique of brushing teeth on the oral hygiene status of mentally retarded children, the output of this study is expected to be useful as a reference in improving the ability of brushing techniques and oral and dental hygiene. The research design was quasy experimental design with a pre test and post test with control group approach. The study was conducted at SLB Wiyata Dharma 4 Godean Sleman in October 2019. Data analysis using t-test statistical tests. The results showed that there was an increase in knowledge, abilities and status of dental and oral hygiene of mentally retarded children. Statistical test results obtained p value = 0.00 The conclusion of the study was that there was a significant influence between the guidance of brushing teeth on the oral and dental hygiene status of mentally retarded children. It is recommended that mentally retarded children increase awareness and apply brushing knowledge in maintaining oral and dental hygiene.

OBJECTIVE/PURPOSE Given the lack of research within dentistry as it relates to workplace bullying (WPB), the purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of WPB and predictors of WPB for dental hygienists in clinical practice. METHODS Cross-sectional survey research was used with a convenience sample of dental hygienists (n = 943) providing patient care to explore WPB. Ninety-three per cent of participants resided in the United States, and 6.9% lived internationally. The survey was shared via social media on Facebook and Instagram group pages, specifically dental focussed. The validated Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) was used to measure the exposure WPB using descriptive, correlation, chi-square and Mann-Whitney U. RESULTS The completion rate was 81% (n = 765). Results showed 21% of participants had experienced WPB now and then, 9.4% several times a week and 2.9% almost daily. Predictors for WPB included highest degree earned (p = -0.03), US (United States) region of residence (p = 0.001), clinical setting (private practice vs. dental service organization) (p

In modern dentistry, nanomaterials have strengthened their foothold among tissue engineering strategies for treating bone and dental defects due to a variety of reasons, including trauma and tumors. Besides their finest physiochemical features, the biomimetic characteristics of nanomaterials promote cell growth and stimulate tissue regeneration. The single units of these chemical substances are small-sized particles, usually between 1 to 100 nm, in an unbound state. This unbound state allows particles to constitute aggregates with one or more external dimensions and provide a high surface area. Nanomaterials have brought advances in regenerative dentistry from the laboratory to clinical practice. They are particularly used for creating novel biomimetic nanostructures for cell regeneration, targeted treatment, diagnostics, imaging, and the production of dental materials. In regenerative dentistry, nanostructured matrices and scaffolds help control cell differentiation better. Nanomaterials recapitulate the natural dental architecture and structure and form functional tissues better compared to the conventional autologous and allogenic tissues or alloplastic materials. The reason is that novel nanostructures provide an improved platform for supporting and regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. In restorative dentistry, nanomaterials are widely used in constructing nanocomposite resins, bonding agents, endodontic sealants, coating materials, and bioceramics. They are also used for making daily dental hygiene products such as mouth rinses. The present article classifies nanostructures and nanocarriers in addition to reviewing their design and applications for bone and dental regeneration.

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of gingivitis in pregnant females reporting to Bach Khan Dental College, Mardan. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 70 pregnant women by using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Pregnant females with age range of 20 to 45 years, having adequate oral hygiene, no systemic disease affecting gingival health and Pakistani nationals were included in the study. Age, trimester of pregnancy, employment, brushing habit and presence of gingivitis were recorded. Loe and Silness gingival index was used to record the various grades of gingivitis (normal gingiva, mild, moderate, and severe gingivitis). Descriptive statistics were computed. Comparison was done for the presence of gingivitis by age, employment, brushing habits, and trimester using Chi-Square test. P?0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean age of the study was 28.44 years (SD, 5.65 years). The gingivitis was present in 40 (57.1%) participants. Of total 22 (31.4%) were government employees. Most common pattern of brushing teeth was ‘twice a day’ (n=28, 40%) and most common trimester of pregnancy was third (n=28, 40%). Most of the pregnant female belonged to age group 26 to 30 years (n=28, 40%) and 20 to 25 years (n=21, 30%). Most common form of gingivitis was severe (n=25, 35.71%) followed by moderate (n=13, 18.57%). In pregnant females the effect of brushing pattern, employment, trimesters and age on gingivitis was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: The frequency of gingivitis in pregnancy is quite high in our study. The dental practitioners should be vigilant and advise the plaque control and prompt treatment of gingivitis to pregnant females to prevent progression to periodontitis.

Objective: The study aimed to compare treatment outcomes when MTA apical plugs are placed to different apical extents in nonvital immature permanent anterior teeth with an open apex. Methods: Six participants (five male & one female) between the age group of 8-18 years exhibiting bilateral traumatized nonvital immature permanent maxillary anterior teeth (n=12) with non-blunderbuss canal (Cvek’s stage 4) were included. Standardized endodontic procedures were performed, and an inter-appointment calcium hydroxide medicament placed for one week. Based on the apical position of the MTA apical barrier, two study groups were defined. Accordingly, Group I {(n=6) (4mm MTA plug up to the radiographic root end)} and Group II {(n=6) (4 mm MTA plug 2 mm short of the radiographic root-end)}. Teeth were obturated after twenty-four hours with thermoplasticized gutta-percha technique. They were evaluated clinically and radiographically at 12 and 24 months. Radiographs were assessed for periapical healing based on the periapical index (PAI) scores that were dichotomized as score

Purpose We report prospective clinical investigations of children affected with periodontal Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (pEDS). The main clinical features of pEDS in adults are early severe periodontitis, generalized lack of attached gingiva, and pretibial hemosiderin plaques due to dominant pathogenic variants in the C1R or C1S genes. Methods Nineteen children with a parent diagnosed with molecularly confirmed pEDS underwent physical examination including oral and radiological investigations followed by genetic testing. Results The only consistent manifestation of pEDS in childhood was a characteristic gingival phenotype: generalized lack of attached gingiva. All children with this gingival phenotype had inherited the familial pathogenic variant (n = 12) whereas the gingival phenotype was absent in children without the familial pathogenic variant (n = 7). Easy bruising was reported in eight affected and zero unaffected children. Other manifestations of pEDS were rarely present in children. Only 2/12 affected children aged 8 and 13 years fulfilled the clinical criteria for pEDS. Conclusion Generalized lack of attached gingiva is a pathognomonic feature of pEDS and the only clinical finding that is consistently present in affected adults and children. This is important because an early diagnosis may facilitate better dental hygiene in childhood, which may be essential to prevent early dental loss.

Objective A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to determine whether there are postoperative pain differences resulting from rotary and reciprocation engine-driven instrumentation motions in non-surgical endodontic treatment or retreatment at 12, 24, and 48 hours. Methods Four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus) were searched to identify randomised controlled trials that compared the effects of rotary and reciprocating instrumentation motions on postoperative pain. Two authors independently screened the search results, extracted the data, and assessed the quality using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Due to numerous variables across studies, the random effect inverse variance method for meta-analysis was applied. When significant heterogeneity among studies was present, the random effects multi-variable meta-regression analysis was performed to determine the source of heterogeneity. Results At all time intervals, the incidence of postoperative pain was higher in the reciprocating instrumentation group, but was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the analgesic intake between groups. Meta-regression analysis determined study population sizes as a significant heterogeneous factor, while significance was not observed for preoperative pain or the pulpal diagnosis. Conclusion There was no difference in postoperative pain at 12, 24, and 48 hours after non-surgical root canal treatment and retreatment, using reciprocating or rotary instrumentation motions.

OBJECTIVE This questionnaire-based survey assessed the attitudes of dental hygiene students towards treating elderly patients. METHODS The 14-item UCLA 14-item Geriatrics Attitudes Scale (GAS-14) questionnaire was used in this survey. A further set of nine questions evaluated the opinions of the students towards the existing geriatric curriculum in their respective institutions. Students from five dental hygiene schools from three countries (Switzerland, Belgium and Canada) participated in this survey. General demographic information from the participants was collected. Mean GAS-14 scores were calculated; ANOVA and Bonferroni's tests were used for statistical analyses (p

Background: Orodental diseases present a major public health problem. About 90% of schoolchildren worldwide and most adults have experienced caries, with the disease. Little is known about oral and dental health attitudes and behaviors and practices among people from developing countries and especially, in this part of our country. Aims: The present study was carried out with an aim to assess the knowledge attitude and practices in oral and dental hygiene in patients attending the dentistry outpatient department. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted during 2019 among 426 patients visiting the outpatient department of dentistry. A pretested, predesigned, standardized questionnaire was used to collect data. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethical Committee prior to the conduct of the study. Collected data were entered into the MS Excel spreadsheet and analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows at a 5% level of significance. Results: Only 18.3% of participants were aware that a minimum of two times per day brushing of teeth is essential and nearly one-third of subjects (32.4%) disagreed with the fact that dental problems can lead to other health problems/systemic illness. More than half of subjects (52.1%) were using self-medication (pain killer/clove/clove oil/) as a primary approach to dental problems and was significantly associated with age and gender education (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In the present study, more than half of the study subjects visited dentist only when they had dental problems. Public awareness programs should be run involving health workers, nurses, medical, and paramedical students.

Background: Interdental areas are more prone to plaque accumulation, thereby increasing the susceptibility for periodontal diseases. Proper method of interdental hygiene assessment and motivation to use interdental aids can potentially reduce the burden of periodontal diseases. Materials and Methods: Fifty consecutive volunteer participants who presented with gingival inflammation were recruited based on the set of inclusion criteria. Further, proposed interdental hygiene index (IDHI) and gingival index were recorded by the examiner. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were recorded on the baseline and 4-week follow-up visits. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were performed. Results: The study comprised 50 participants with 22 male and 23 female participants. At baseline, the mean/standard deviation of IDHI was 1.32 ± 0.10 and 0.62 ± 0.21 on follow–up, respectively. For Gingival Index (GI) at baseline, the mean/standard deviation was 1.61 ± 0.15 and 0.70 ± 0.24 on follow–up, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between IDHI and GI at baseline and follow-up. Majority of the participants scored 0 on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, rated “Good” for acceptability of procedure and perceived efficacy of interdental brush. Participants reported to have acquired “High level of motivation” to use an interdental brush. Conclusion: IDHI is a simple and reliable tool to assess the interdental areas of the patient and motivate to use interdental brush for the maintenance of good oral hygiene. PROMs also revealed positive responses from participants.

To systematically review the published literature with the purpose of knowing the oral health effects of oil pulling. A systematic review of the literature was conducted across PubMed, PubMed Central, Embase, Google Scholar, Scopus, Campbell systematic review, and Cochrane. All papers published from January 2010 to March 2020 that focused on oil pulling as a study intervention were included in this review. Randomized control trials comparing oil pulling using conventional cooking oil with any controls such as chlorhexidine (CHX), placebo or routine dental hygiene practice were included. Eighty fulltext articles were analyzed initially. Among these 80 articles, only 14 articles fulfilled the research question and were included for review. A maximum of 600 participants were present across the reviewed studies, with study duration ranged between 1 and 45 days. With a high risk of bias in multiple aspects and unclear reporting of others, the methodological quality of the included studies was questionable. Among 14 studies included studies in this systematic review, nine studies compared oil pulling with CHX in the control group in which statistically significant reduction of scores was found in six studies, two studies showed a nonsignificant reduction, and one study did not report about significant difference. The quality of evidence appears to be low to recommend oil pulling as a suitable adjunct to other conventional oral hygiene methods, as most of the included studies had high or unclear risk of bias.

Socio-economic status (SES) is related to one or more inhibiting factors taken into account for dental hygiene. Prevention of dental and oral diseases at low socioeconomic status has a lower level of prevention compared to that of dental and oral diseases prevention at relatively high socioeconomic status. The results of the preliminary examination in low economic families in 12 people shows that there were 6 people who experienced gingivitis. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship of low economic society behavior with gingivitis in Kleng Cot Aroen, Baitusalam, Aceh Besar Regency in 2019. The population in this study was all low economic society in 55 families. The sample in this study used purposive sampling with the characteristics of people who were willing to be the sample, to collaborate and in the category of low economic society. The results show that there is a relationship between knowledge of low economic society behavior with gingivitis due to p-value of 0.000. In addition, there is a relationship between low economic society action to gingivitis due to p-value of 0.002, and there is a relationship between low economic society action to gingivitis with p-value of 0.000. In conclusion, there is a relationship between low economic society behavior with gingivitis, so it is suggested to those affected by gingivitis to maintain dental and oral hygiene by periodically checking dental and oral health and brushing it 2 times a day as well as checking into dental poly once six months.

Objective: To study the effectiveness of various concentrations of citric acid (CA) added to 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) on smear layer removal from the root canal wall and antimicrobial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Candida albicans (C. albicans). Methods: Fifty-three single-rooted mandibular premolars were decoronate and the root canals underwent mechanical instrumentation using MTwo rotary files to size 40/0.06. The samples were then randomly divided into 5 groups according to the root canal irrigants to be used: 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 2% CHX, 1%, 6%, and 10% citric acid-modified 2% chlorhexidine (CAmCHX). Three teeth irrigated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were used as a negative control. The smear layer removal effectiveness was evaluated under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Images were randomly taken at the apical, middle, and coronal third level. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Disc diffusion and direct exposure tests were performed along with three additional control groups consisting of 1%, 6%, and 10% CA groups to assess and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of irrigants against E. faecalis and C. albicans. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s T3 tests. Results: Smear layer removal effectiveness in 17% EDTA group and 6% and 10% CAmCHX groups were not significantly different in the coronal and apical third of the root canal (P>0.05), however at the middle third of the root canal, the 10% CAmCHX group had significantly less remaining smear layer than all of the other experimental groups (P0.05). CA demonstrated no antifungal effect against C. albicans. Whereas, 6% and 10% CAmCHX resulted in the largest growth inhibition zone. Also, adding CA to CHX resulted in an insignificant difference in antifungal effect against planktonic C. albicans compared to CHX (P>0.05). Conclusion: When CA was added into CHX, the mixed irrigant demonstrated smear layer removal ability. Additionally, its antimicrobial effect remained the same.

The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of using Reciproc (RC), (VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany) files with reciprocating motion versus Twisted File Adaptive (TFA, Kerr, Orange, California, USA) system with adaptive motion on post-instrumentation and post-obturation pain of necrotic mandibular molars.Fifty-eight patients with mandibular molar assessed at 3 intervals; 6, 12 and, 24 hrs. Mann Whitney U and Friedman test was used for data analysis, and the significance level was set to (P≤0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the mean values of post-instrumentation pain at each time interval for the RC and TFA groups (P0.05). Pain decreased in each group with a statistically significant difference from preoperative condition to all six post-instrumentation time intervals (P0.001). In each group, post-instrumentation mean pain values at 6, 12, and 24 hrs were higher than post-obturation pain values at 6, 12, and 24 hrs with a statistically significant difference (P0.001).TFA and RC had a similar impact on post-instrumentation and post-obturation pain. The post-instrumentation pain was higher than post-obturation pain in both groups.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether Public Health Dental Hygiene Practitioner (PHDHP) referrals to pediatric dentists were more successful for children younger than 3 years old and those with dental caries. Methods We reviewed the electronic health records of 1,450 children, age 1 to 12 years, who completed a dental visit with a PHDHP in 2017 at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh's (CHP) Primary Care Center. We tracked whether children who visited the onsite PHDHP accepted a referral to CHP pediatric dentists, and if so, whether they successfully completed the referral. Results Of the 1,450 children who visited the PHDHP, 67 percent (n = 973) accepted a referral to CHP pediatric dentists. Of these referrals, 32 percent (312/973) were successfully fulfilled. The proportions of accepted and fulfilled referrals were significantly higher for children older than 3 years old and those with dental caries. After controlling for child age, gender, and insurance status, children with dental caries had 5.7 times greater odds of successful referral from the PHDHP to the pediatric dentist compared to children without dental caries (95 percent CI 4.1-7.9). Conclusions PHDHPs were more successful referring children older than 3 years old and those with dental caries to pediatric dentists. PHDHPs are allied dental health professionals that can be effective at referring children to pediatric dentists when they have dental caries. Additional strategies are needed to enhance the success rate of dental referrals for young children under 3 years old.

Previous evidence suggests the association of lower educational attainment and depressive symptoms with tooth loss. The hypothesis of this study was that these factors may exacerbate the effect on tooth loss beyond the sum of their individual effects. We aimed to clarify the independent and interactive effects of educational attainment and depressive symptoms on the number of missing teeth among community residents. Cross-sectional data of 9,647 individuals were collected from the general Japanese population. Dental examination was conducted by dentists. Educational attainment was categorized into 3 levels based on the number of educational years: ≤9, >9 to ≤12, and >12 y. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to assess depressive symptoms; a total score of ≥16 and/or the use of medications for depression indicate the presence of depressive symptoms. In the multivariate analysis with adjustment for conventional risk factors, educational attainment was identified as a determinant of the number of missing teeth (>9 to ≤12 y of education: coefficient = 0.199, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.135 to 0.263, P < 0.001; ≤9 y of education: coefficient = 0.318, 95% CI, 0.231 to 0.405, P < 0.001: reference, >12 y of education). An analysis that included interaction terms revealed that the relationship between “≤9 y of education” and the number of missing teeth differed depending on the depressive symptoms, indicating a positive interactive association (coefficient for interaction = 0.198; 95% CI, 0.033 to 0.364, P for interaction = 0.019: reference, >12 y of education). Our study suggests the presence of a significant association between educational attainment and tooth loss, as well as a partial interactive association between “≤9 y of education” and “depressive symptoms” in the general Japanese population.

Oral health & general health go hand in hand as one influences the other. The oral cavity can be called as the gateway to the body as it serves as an entry point to all forms of infection. To attain good oral health, one needs to have knowledge of dietary habits and oral hygiene practices. ​. The extreme weather and hard labour conditions in the salt pans cause a lot of morbidities among the salt workers. These morbidities are aggravated if the salt workers do not protect themselves with personal protective measures. ​From the study, we can infer that the understanding of the mindset of daily wage workers can be key to providing them with dental treatment for their needs. ​The study aims to measure the knowledge and attitude about oral health maintenance and habits among salt pan workers in Tuticorin district. This survey was carried out among salt pan workers in Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu to assess their awareness about common dental health problems and data was collected using a pre-designed questionnaire and samples were assigned using convenience sampling methods. Data were collected after obtaining informed consent and steps were taken to ensure confidentiality at all stages. A maximum of 10 people was asked to visit the clinic to take the survey. It was conducted over a period of 10 days. Both male & female workers were involved in the study. The data was collected and tabulated in an excel sheet. Then the raw data was later transferred to SPSS Software. Salt pan workers generally have dental problems, dermatological problems and musculoskeletal problems as the most common morbidities among them. This study showed that more than 50% of the salt pan workers in Tuticorin have good awareness towards oral health.

Background: Increasing levels of tooth decay in children and adolescents have been particularly noticeable in developing countries over the past two decades, especially when compared to developed countries. Little is known about oral health behavior of children from developing countries. Objectives: To assess oral and dental hygienic practices of primary school children, and determine the factors affecting them in Banha district, Qalubia Governorate. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 408 children aged 9-11 years were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire to identify their socio-demographic characteristics and examine their oral hygiene practice. An informed written consent was obtained from parents of each participant. The children were subjected to oral and teeth examination. Results: Dental examination revealed that 68 % of the participants had decayed teeth and 6.8% had filled teeth, which was related to inappropriate healthy practice such as proper teeth brushing. Age and socioeconomic status of studied children constituted statistically significant difference, as dental caries was more observable among younger groups (9.93±0.86) and among children from higher socioeconomic status. Conclusion: Children maintenance of oral health was improper and significantly increased their exposure to dental caries.

Objective Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are common in the dental hygiene profession. Awkward postures contribute to MSDs and magnification loupes have been suggested to reduce this risk factor and minimize MSDs. Methods After IRB approval, 24 hygienists were enrolled in the study: twelve hygienists wearing loupes with a standard manufacturer determined declination angle (control) and 12 hygienists wearing loupes with a custom measured declination angle (experimental). To measure changes in neck and trunk flexion, accelerometers were placed on the occipital region of head, cervical vertebrae C5, and thoracic vertebrae T5 and baseline posture was recorded. Typodonts with artificial calculus simulated the oral environment. Participants were randomly assigned to wear their designated loupes during the first or second trial of the experiment and scaled in each quadrant (UR, LR, UL, LL) of the mouth for two minutes. Participants completed the scaling task twice: in the loupes and no loupes condition in a counterbalanced order. Three-way mixed design ANOVA was used to determine posture differences in neck and trunk posture. Results Those wearing custom loupes (M = 16.52, SD = 6.40) had significantly less trunk flexion while scaling compared to hygienists wearing standard loupes (M = 22.27, SD = 6.40), F(1, 22) = 7.14, P = .01. Neck flexion was not significantly affected while scaling between loupes vs no loupes or loupes type condition, (P's > .05). Conclusion Posture was partially impacted by loupes type. Custom loupes resulted in less trunk flexion. Neck flexion was not affected by either loupes type.

Objective: To study the root and root canal morphology of mandibular premolars in a Kuwaiti subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: 152 CBCT images were obtained from the radiology department archives of four dental centers in Kuwait. A total of 476 mandibular premolar teeth were analyzed by two observers. The number of roots, root canal configuration types and canal curvature measurements were examined. The relationship between sex, tooth position, and incidence of an additional canal were compared using the chi-square test, and the level of significance was set at 0.05 (P=0.05). Results: The number of roots in mandibular first premolars was one in 73.9%, two in 24.9%, three and four in 1.2%. On the other hand, the number of roots in mandibular second premolars was one in 79.2% and two in 20.8%. Based on Vertucci’s classification system, 18.7% of the teeth were type II followed by type VI (14.3%). The majority of the examined teeth were straight (74.8%) and the incidence of distal root angulation was about 21%. Canal configurations not included in the Vertucci classification were reported in 102 teeth (21.4%). Variability was significantly higher in the second premolars compared to first premolar (P

Context: Research has provided evidence for yoga's effectiveness in the prevention and treatment of pain and stress, both of which have been implicated as significant negative moderators of student performance and experience. Aims: This study investigated the feasibility and preliminary impact of a 10-week yoga intervention with dental hygiene students to reduce perceptions of stress and stress-related symptoms. Settings and Design: Students self-selected into a yoga treatment versus control condition. They completed stress and pain measures at four time points during and after the intervention or control period of 10-weeks. Methods: Participants were students enrolled in a dental hygiene program. All 77 participants completed a 10-week study, self-selecting into an intervention or control group. They completed three self-report questionnaires assessing pain and stress, administered at baseline, mid-point, postintervention, and two follow-ups. The 10-week yoga intervention consisted of 10 90-min yoga sessions that provided check-ins, breathing exercises, sequences of postures, relaxation exercises, and closing meditations. Statistical Analysis Used: Independent samples t-tests were used to compare perceived stress levels of participants in the control versus treatment groups. Paired t-test was used to assess differences in stress-related symptom levels across time. Results: Results suggested that a yoga intervention is feasible for this group and that active yoga practice can lower perceived stress across multiple domains and across time. Conclusions: A specially adapted and designed 10-week yoga protocol appears to be an accessible option for dental hygiene programs that seek to support their students in improving overall wellbeing.

The purpose of the study was the assessment of the oral health in seafarers of the shipping company and raising the level of oral hygiene in a long voyage.Materials and methods. The study examined the dental health of 106 male sailors aged 45–59 years, working in one of the country’s shipping companies. The assessment of dental health among seafarers was carried out using generally accepted examination methods before going on a long voyage and immediately after returning from it.Results and discussion. It has been established that more than half of the seafarers (59,43%) of the shipping company go on long trips without full mouth debridement. On average, 1,76 carious teeth per 1 sailor, and 91,51% of sailors go swimming with chronic inflammatory periodontal pathology, which requires tightening control over the oral health of seafarers of the shipping company in the pre-navigation period.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the employment possibilities of Lithuanian dental hygienists. METHODS: The questionnaire asked about the demographics of dental hygienists, characteristics of practice, patient load, career intentions, opinion about dental hygienists workforce and the need of governmental workforce regulation. The study consisted of all licensed dental hygienists in Lithuania in 2018 (N = 1109). RESULTS: The final response rate was 52.1% (n = 578), 64% (n = 370) of respondents lived in the country's five main cities, and 73.5% (n = 425) worked in these population centres, with 94.3% (n = 545) worked in private sector. Over two-thirds of respondents said there was an excess of dental hygienists in Lithuania. Nearly 80% "always" or "sometimes" reported that they had insufficient patients, which may account for the prevalence of supplementary work (48.4%, n = 280), that is work as a dental assistant (67.9%, n = 190). Data obtained show that dental hygienists with less than ten years' experience were likely to work as a dental assistant (P

Objective The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of using e‐learning on smartphones to provide dental hygiene education on dental treatment procedures. Methods This was a randomized controlled trial. Two‐hundred ninety‐three dental hygiene students in four universities, one junior college and one technical school took a preliminary examination, and based on the results, participants in each school were randomly divided into two groups, a test or control group. Both groups took pre‐ and post‐examinations at a 4‐week interval. The test groups learned dental treatment procedures and four‐handed techniques with interactive learning materials using smartphones. The learning materials allowed them to watch videos of dental treatments. The control groups were not provided any learning material. Results Results of all schools combined showed that the changes from pre‐ to post‐examination scores in the test groups were significantly higher than those of the control groups (p