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The term food losses and waste (FLW) distinguishes between food losses occurring in the supply chain versus food waste; generated in the distribution and final consumption. The composition of the FLW comprises carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, representing an economic alternative to be used as raw material in different bioprocesses that might generate value-added products. Different authors have proposed that the key solution for the food industry resides in finding the appropriate approaches to valorize the FLWs. Obtaining high value-added products from FLWs aligns with the current concept of sustainable development aiming to achieve food security, environmental protection, and energy efficiency. This chapter makes a compilation of main studies to quantify and valorize FLW within a circular bioeconomy.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:36:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-12-01 Paper electronics has emerged as an ecofriendly, light, low-cost, and recyclable material for the fabrication of flexible and printed transistors. In this study, we present fully printed organic electrochemical transistors using an active layer of PEDOT:PSS, carbon electrodes, cellulose-based electrolyte, and three different papers as substrates: bond, vegetal, and Lumi Silk, relating the electrical properties to the different morphologies of the paper surfaces. Each paper presents different regularity, diffusion capabilities, and roughness, with significant influence on the transistor performance. The more organized and smooth the surface, the better the electrical characteristics, the best of these being the Lumi Silk, with higher I on/I off ratio of 46, on-current of 8.3 10-5 A, V on of 1.3 V, and power gain of 43.5 dB associated with ultra-low hysteresis of 0.1 V, high transconductance of -57.3 μS, and suitablity for flexible electronics and sensors applications. S o Paulo State University - UNESP Faculty of Science and Technology (FCT) Physics Department, SP Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and CEMOP-UNINOVA Faculty of Science and Technology (FCT) CENIMAT/I3N Department of Materials Science S o Paulo State University - UNESP Faculty of Science and Technology (FCT) Physics Department, SP

The World Health Organization (2003) stated that there is growing evidence that changes in the global climate will have profound effects on the well-being of citizens in countries throughout the world. The “business as usual” frame of mind in dealing with this phenomenon is no longer feasible. Rather, there is a great need for a “sense of urgency” to empower and actively involve every individual to adapt and to mitigate the worsening of climate change. A great number of studies show that the leadership of the educational system in developed countries for more than 2 decades has been successful in promoting environmental sustainability. Some of these studies are reviewed and documented in this paper so that vulnerable countries may learn and benchmark from their experiences. Keywords - Education, sustainable development, climate change

This study explored the progress in the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals 4 and five (5) fifteen years after it was agreed upon as health targets among member countries of the United Nations. Through literature review and data mining process, the following data of the Western Pacific Region’s lower and middle-income countries were scrutinized: 1) infant and child health situation in terms of percentage reduction in both infant and under-five mortality rates for the past 25 years and proportion of one-year-old children immunized against measles; 2) maternal health situation in terms of current maternal mortality ratio and its percentage reduction, proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel and percentage of antenatal care coverage; and 3) health care delivery system in terms of health expenditure as percentage of the country’s gross domestic products, presence of health infrastructures, and members of the health workforce. Results revealed that for infant mortality, those countries with a population of more than 250,000 fared well as compared to the smaller Pacific islands with a population of less than 250,000. For under-5 mortality rate, almost all of the LMICs did not meet the target. However, the majority of these countries met the target on the provision of measles immunization on time. For maternal health, the smaller Pacific islands fared well compared to the bigger countries. The majority of the LMICs performed poorly in this variable. Thus, most of the Region’s LMICs somehow almost achieved MDG4 (infant and child health) but are still far from achieving MDG5 (maternal health) on time. Lastly, the smaller Pacific islands again had a better status in all indicators of the healthcare delivery system (health expenditure, number of hospitals and health worker density ratio) as compared to the bigger countries. These indicators are considered crucial towards achieving the MDG targets and must, therefore, be addressed if they want to improve maternal health in the Region. Keywords: Infant and child health, maternal health, healthcare delivery system, Western Pacific Region

Background: scientific evidence exists to support the claim that either general o regional anesthesia can be safely used for CEA: each of the techniques has either theoretical and practical advantages or drawbacks. Since the issue of whether, for CEA, one anesthetic technique is better than another has not yet been explored by randomized trials, any contribution that could reduce the disadvantages of any of the two approaches may contribute to overcome individual diffidence and visceral antagonism. The proposed approach represents a technical improvement of locoregional CEA technique. Methods: one hundred consecutive patients undergoing elective or urgent primary CEA under locoregional anesthesia were prospectively randomized in two equal size groups. In group 1 traditional (medial) approach to carotid bifurcation was employed; in group 2 the retrojugular approach (RJA) was used. Surgical and anesthesia scores were developed to assess the differences between the two groups in terms of surgical ease, the quality of exposure, patients comfort, level and quality of anesthesia. Results: demographic and clinical characteristics of group 1 and group 2 patients were comparable. No major complication or death was observed in this series. Significant score differences were observed in favour of the retrojugular route. Using this route an improved and wider exposure was obtained, moreover, we achieved a better analgesia, with lesser additional anesthetic doses requirements, a faster approach to the carotid bifurcation, an enhanced patient comfort and a reduced interference on the surgical procedure by deglutition movements. Conclusions: the retrojugular route represents the ideal route for locoregional CEA; this exposure, with respect to the traditional approach, minimizes many of the disadvantages commonly considered as major deterrents of regional anesthesia for carotid surgery. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 26, 250-255 (2003)

The study focused on the improvement of a manual to computerized system for Police Station No.1 in Divisoria, Cagayan de Oro City. It consists of functionally related GUI (application program) and a database. The system consists of a Land-based system for information management and monitoring. Qualitative studies, involving interviews and observations, were used to collect data. The system is designed to help its users organize records and maintain their confidentiality. Also, the system is much easier to apply since the design is relatively simple. Keywords Management, Monitoring, Primary Key, Foreign Key, Technology, Develop, Design.

This study generally assessed the peoples’ vulnerability and coping to climate change. Vulnerability is a function of exposure, sensitivity (risk) and adaptive capacity or coping. This descriptive and analytic study considered the economic, social, and infrastructure and services vulnerabilities, as well as the adaptive capacity (coping) of each country to climate change through data mining. Data gathered went through Principal Components Analysis (PCA), regression and cluster analysis with the aid of the MINITAB Software. Countries were then grouped according to their extent of vulnerability and theories were developed basing on the statistical results. Stepwise regression was likewise conducted to validate the theories generated. Based on the highlighted results of the study: it can be concluded that majority of the countries (98 countries) are moderately vulnerable to climate change. Nonetheless, a third (44 countries) is already highly vulnerable and one country (Nicaragua) is very highly vulnerable to climate change. Inferentially, it can also be concluded that vulnerability to climate change is influenced by human development and environmental protection factors. Keywords - Climate change, vulnerability, mitigation, adaptation

This descriptive study explores the health promotion of local migrant workers in a highly urbanized city in Southern Philippines. The respondents were the 164 workers in five of the biggest retail stores in the city. Modified questionnaires, supplemented with focus group discussions, were the main tools employed. Permission to conduct the study was requested from the Department of Labor and Employment and the store management. Written informed consent from the study participants was also sought. Data gathered were then processed using descriptive statistics. Results show that the male and female migrant workers are barely legal, just off their teenage life, attended college, mostly single, belonged to medium-sized families, with fathers either farmers or private employees and mothers who were housewives with no gainful employment. The workers had various physical and mental health problems, as well as poor health-seeking behaviors. The findings have various implications on program planning and policy making in related private and government agencies to promote the health of local migrant workers.

This descriptive study explores the empowerment of local migrant workers in an urban community of Southern Philippines. The respondents are the 164 workers in five of the biggest retail stores in the city. Modified questionnaires, supplemented with FGDs, were the main tool employed. Permission was requested from the DOLE and the store management, as well as written informed consent from the study participants. Data gathered were then processed using descriptive statistics. Results show that due to their resilience and tenacity of purpose, they have high empowerment level and are moderately satisfied of the quality of their life. The findings have various implications on program planning and policy making in related private and government agencies to promote the empowerment among local migrant workers. Keywords - local migrant workers, empowerment, quality of life

This study sought to determine possible factors which predict performance in the Nursing Licensure Examination (NLE). This is a descriptive, ex post facto research which utilized documentary analysis. Statistical techniques employed were the frequency, percentage, weighted mean, T-test and multiple regression analysis. NLE passers were usually those students who were performing well in the classroom, during clinical duties and even in the in-house review after graduation. In contrast, the nonpassers are typically students who were performing poorly in these 3 areas. Both groups of students, specifically, have Medical- Surgical Nursing as their waterloo. Passers of the nursing licensure exam have higher intellective profile compared to the non-passers. Passers of the board exam performance, although they succeeded in hurdling the exam, got “low passing” scores (75-79). Scores are lowest in the areas of Curative Care which comprised Medical-Surgical Nursing topics. The student nurses’ attitude, knowledge and skills in nursing are learned in both the academic and clinical environments. These acquired attitude, knowledge and skills are supplemented by the intensive reviews given after graduation. Once students are performing well in these 3 areas of learning, they have a 55% chance of making it in the board exam. Keywords - intellective variables, licensure examination, performance predictors, inhouse review

This research determined the level of competency in deliveries handled, deliveries assisted, and initial newborn care among students who have done the procedure the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and the 5th time. It provides evidence as to whether the number of scrubs required by the PRC is an appropriate measure of competency. Utilizing direct observation method, this study had a total of 158 participants chosen in a nonrandom manner. Data were collected in two sites – Silliman University in the Visayas and Liceo de Cagayan University in Mindanao. A Delivery Room Checklist was used to assess the competency of the DR scrubs. The students achieved very satisfactory competence level on the third delivery handle, satisfactory rating on the third delivery assist, and very satisfactory rating on the third initial care of new born. The competency level is achieved on the third delivery room scrub, therefore, only three delivery room scrubs should be required for Nurse Licensure Examination. Key words – Delivery room scrubs, competency measures for delivery room scrub.

(2004). Human tissue transglutaminase ELISA and an old study: a revision of the blood donor screening study for coeliac disease in the USA. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology: Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 195-197.

The architecture of the ultrawideband coherent optical local area network (UCOL) is described. The optical coherent multichannel transmission system of the UCOL network, including the reference frequency generator and fiber-based optical hybrid for the polarization diversity receiver, is discussed. A review of the main experimental results obtained in developing the optical subsystems is presented, and the introduction of components such as optical amplifiers and active phase modulators within the network is also discussed. >

Purpose/Objective(s): To analyze retrospectively 47 cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) treated during the period 2008-2012 using helical tomotherapy (HT) either to confirm the role of adjuvant radiation therapy after extra-pleural pneumonectomy (EPP) or to define the role of radiation therapy after pleurectomy/decortication (P/D) or medical/surgical biopsy (B). Materials/Methods: In the Radiotherapy Department of our institute (IRCCS IRST), 47 consecutive patients with MPM (I-IV stage) were treated by HT. Thirty-six patients had previously received chemotherapy (platins and pemetrexed), 9 had undergone adjuvant radiation therapy after EPP and 38 had received definitive radiation therapy after P/D or B. Two different radiation therapy strategies and schedules were planned: (1) Adjuvant treatment after EPP: conventional fractionation schedule and 50 Gy/25 daily fractions to the hemithorax. (2) Definitive treatment after P/D or B: accelerated hypofractionation schedule and 25 Gy/5 daily fractions dose prescription at the reference isodose (60%-70% isodose) with an increasing dose of up to 37.5-40 Gy inside the gross tumor mass/masses) to the PTV (pleura) whilst maintaining the dose to the organs at risk (BED 2 Gy) below conventional fractionation values. Feasibility and toxicity were evaluated. Results: We obtained satisfactory dose distributions while also sparing organs at risk in both treatment schedules: (1) at least 95% of the dose prescription was delivered to 95% of the target volume. The median dose to the target was 51.39 Gy (range, 50.5-52.2 Gy) for conventional fractionation and 29 Gy (range, 26.7-30 Gy) for the hypofractionated schedule; (2) at least 5 Gy covered less than 5% of the controlateral lung volume with an average dose lower than 4 Gy in both treatment schedules; and (3) one-third intact lung volume of the homolateral pleural tumor received 10 Gy/5 daily fractions with the accelerated hypofractionation schedule. We closely adhered to normal tissue constraints relative to the IMRT treatment in order to compare DVHs. Conclusions: Our results indicate the usefulness/efficacy of helical tomotherapy for patients who have already undergone extrapleural/pneumonectomy and also for those submitted to P/D or biopsy using an accelerated hypofractionated schedule. No heavy functional injuries were recorded for either treatment schedule. A study is ongoing to treat patients with accelerated hypofractionated radiation therapy after P/D using tomotherapy. Author Disclosure: E. Parisi: None. A. Romeo: None. G. Ghigi: None. M. Burgio: None. E. Neri: None. M. Taurchini: None. M. Romagnoli: None. A. Sarnelli: None. C. Arienti: None. R. Polico: None.

UCOL is a network interconnecting a large number of Network Interfaces (NI), i. e. a Transmitter/Receiver pair; the link among Nis is performed by means of single mode fibers, which are all connected to a central passive star, that acts as frequency multiplexer. All interfaces are able to communicate over a set of 20 FDM optical channels at the central nominal wavelength of 1535 nm. All NIs are frequency locked to a common reference source, each one realizing a 160 Mb/s information channel upon which information is carried by means of ATM cells that are time division multiplexed on the channel.

In the UCOL network all transmitter and receiver lasers are locked relative to a comb of reference frequencies. This optical reference comb consists of a number of equidistant lines and is distributed to all stations by means of a separate optical star. The main advantage of this referencing technique is in the common frequency control at distant network locations.

This paper reports on the UCOL concept which is currently under development as a laboratory prototype under the framework of the European programme ESPRIT; the acronym UCOL stands for Ultra-wideband Coherent Optical L.A.N. The first section sets out the basic rationale on which this project was started and reviews the system architecture. The following sections address the individual building blocks of the network and review the constraints set by multichannel capability on network operation and capacity.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

For a contribution to the understanding of the pathophysiology of achondroplasia in its widely variable picture and prognosis (neurological complications and adult stature) (1,2), in 1980 we began to study a group of 9 achondroplastic children. Our attention was attracted by the constant presence of precocious hydrocephalus. — always documented by routine skull X-rays (Fig. 1) and cranial CT scan (Fig. 2) — which often appears from the first year of life and sometimes evolves in a progressive manner.

Input-queued switch architectures play a major role in the design of high performance switches and routers for packet networks. These architectures must be controlled by a scheduling algorithm, which solves contentions in the transfer of data units from inputs to outputs. Several scheduling algorithms were proposed in the literature for input-queued cell switches, operating on fixed-size data units. In this paper we consider the case of packet switches, i.e., devices operating on variable-size data units at their interfaces, but internally operating on cells, and we propose novel extensions of known scheduling algorithms. We prove that the maximum throughput achievable by input-queued packet switches is identical to that achievable with input- and output-queued cell switches. We show by simulation that, in the case of packet switches, input-queued architectures may provide performance advantages over output-queued architectures.

The present work was performed because of the paramount importance of terephthalic acid (PTA) in the current chemical industry. It represents the missing element for the production of 100% bio-PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and has a market with continuous growth. The other monomer, monoethylene glycol (MEG), is already widely available from renewable sources. Considering the wide relevance, not only scientific but also social, covered by the possibility of producing one of the most frequently used polymers from renewable sources, this analysis is aimed at the environmental assessment of alternative routes for the production of PTA. In order to do this, the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was adopted as a scientific tool which is able to estimate the environmental performance of three pathways from different renewable sources, comparing the results with the traditional technology. An early stage approach was used by comparing different scenarios with two independent methods: CED (cumulative energy demand) and ReCiPe. The results prove that the bio-routes to PTA could be very competitive, in particular, if organic waste streams are converted into raw materials for the production of building blocks. On the other hand, the adoption of dedicated crops has some limitations and it seems not to be the right solution to mitigate climate change by reducing fossil sources.

Nephritis characterized by IgA mesangial depositions has been described both in Henoch-Schoenlein purpura (HSP) and in Berger's disease (BD), but common genetic traits are still uncertain. We report here the case of two brothers, the first affected by HSP with persistent nephritis and the second by BD, accidentally discovered as silent microhematuria 1 year after HSP onset in the first brother. HLA genotyping demonstrated the presence of HLA-B35 in both patients. Our findings reinforce the need to screen for urinary abnormalities in family members of patients affected by HSP nephritis to identify a silent IgA nephropathy.