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This study reviewed the theoretical issues relating to morphological and psychological design issues in hospital building design evaluation. The study of morphological configurations design issues, concentrates on the elements of building, shape/form, the structure of the environment, the structural efficiency and the architectural appearance of the hospital building forms. The psychological design issues focused on the essential issues relating to Proximity, Privacy and Wayfindings. Through the literature review of previous models such as, Khan (2012) Operational Efficiency Model, Haron, Hamid and Talib Usability Framework, (2012), Zhao, Mourshed & Wright (2009) Model, Alalouch, Aspinall & Smith Model (2016) and Hill & Kitchen (2009). A conceptual framework for physical facilities design evaluation and satisfaction in hospital buildings was developed. The study, however, provides useful information for the development of a design framework that can inform policy on hospital buildings.

This study appraised the influence of design characteristics of the paediatric hospital physical facilities with a view to develop the physical facilities design characteristics policies for paediatric hospital designers, managers and policy makers. In this study, the hospital physical facilities are defined by the spaces used by the professional staff, equipment, the building form, their furniture and fixtures. Also, the design characteristics of the hospital physical facilities are defined by the building proximity, privacy, wayfindings, flexibility and adaptability. The notable paediatric hospital selected in the developed country is Emma Kinderziekenhuis Pediatric Hospital in Amsterdam, Netherland because it has developed a remarkable work in the healthcare settings with a deep concern on child-centred design, which were informed, implemented and accompanied by architects. Also, Peadiatric department of University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan Nigeria was selected because it is the largest city in Nigeria which can be used to generalize what is obtained in peadiatric hospital physical facilities in southwestern Nigeria. Through analysis of one of the notable hospitals in both the developed and developing worlds, the design characteristics of selected hospital were examined using case study method such as the use of building plans, the site layout and the use of photograph among others. The results of the investigation show that hospital design characteristics have a great influence on both the patients and staff including the visitors. However, the planning and design characteristics of the physical facilities in the Netherland Children Hospital were found to be very good compared with its counterpart in Southwestern Nigerian University Teaching Hospital. It is, however, concluded that, the Nigerian University Teaching Hospitals should learn from the design characteristics appraised from the Netherland Children Hospital. The result of this study will be useful as a design policies standard for the Nigerian government, healthcare developers and children hospital designers in southwestern, Nigeria.

Рассмотрены современные решения, предлагаемые для реконструкции малых очистных сооружений, в составе которых имеются биофильтры. Пик проектирования и строительства биофильтров пришелся на 1960 1970е годы. В настоящее время биологические фильтры зачастую служат для доочистки сточных вод. Предлагается снова их использовать в качестве основных очистных сооружений. Данные сооружения, как правило, конструктивно представляют собой железобетонные емкости, поэтому целесообразно разработать новые технологические схемы с учетом использования существующих сооружений. Рассмотрены три технологические схемы с различной комбинацией зон нитрификации и денитрификации. Приведены графические результаты санитарнотехнических анализов по ряду показателей, на основании которых показана достаточная эффективность очистки для сброса очищенной воды в водоемы рыбохозяйственного значения. Предложен метод расчета биофильтров для конкретных загрузочных материалов. Сделан вывод о том, что высота сооружения зависит не только от необходимой степени очистки, параметров поступающей воды, но и от вида и размера загрузочного материла. Предложенные технологические схемы позволят шире использовать биофильтры как при реконструкции существующих, так и при проектировании новых очистных сооружений.The advanced solutions proposed for the reconstruction of small wastewater treatment facilities that contain biofilters are considered. The peakpoint of designing and constructing biofilters occurred in the 1960 1970s. At present biological filters are often used for wastewater treatment. It is proposed to use them again as the basic treatment facilities. These structures, as a rule, are structurally reinforced concrete tanks so it is advisable to develop new process flow schemes taking into account the use of existing structures. Three process flow schemes with different combinations of nitrification and denitrification zones are considered. Graphic results of sanitary and technical analyses of a number of indicators are presented on the basis of which sufficient purification efficiency is shown that allows discharging effluents into fishery water bodies. A method for calculating biofilters for specific media materials is proposed. It is concluded that the height of the structure depends not only on the required level of purification, the parameters of the incoming water but also on the type and size of the media material. The proposed process flow schemes will provide for the wider use of biofilters both in the reconstruction of existing and in the design of new treatment facilities.

China's aging population is becoming increasingly serious, and with the gradual popularization of big data technology, smart senior care communities are developing rapidly. However, most of the relevant studies focus on the policy level or the planning and architecture field, and there are still some limitations in the design and research of indoor facilities. In particular, the related research on the physiological and psychological characteristics of the elderly needs to be further explored. By investigating the status quo of the smart senior care community, and by analyzing the elderly's physical and mental needs and life activity line, this paper summarizes the innovative design strategy of indoor facilities design in the smart senior care community based on human factors.

This paper explains how advanced digitalization concepts were employed in the development and construction of the Taweelah Gas Compression Plant in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The plant began operation in late 2018 and is one of the largest and most modern compression facilities in the world. It is owned and operated by the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) and comprises three compression trains, each with a processing capacity of 225 million standard cubic feet per day (mmscfd). Two operate at any one time, with the third on standby, giving the plant 450 mmscfd of total production throughput. Using the Taweelah Gas Compression Plant as an example, the paper describes how onshore oil and gas compression stations can be built efficiently and economically by leveraging advanced digital technologies, such as Digital Twins. Other concepts/strategies that the paper will discuss which can help accelerate project schedules and reduce costs include: Sophisticated hydraulic modeling software; Large power blocks to reduce the number of compression trains; Sole-source provisioning of compression drive trains; ‘Plug and play’ equipment packages that required minimal onsite commissioning; Remote diagnostics and analytics for condition monitoring and condition-based maintenance to ensure maximum uptime and availability; Using the combination of the above concepts, along with extensive collaboration/co-creation between Siemens Energy and ADNOC, the Taweelah plant was able to achieve first gas just 16 months after front-end engineering design (FEED).

The welding fume in the welding workshop has an important impact on the occupational health of the workers in the workshop. Scientific and reasonable design of the ventilation system in the welding workshop can effectively reduce the concentration of the welding fume and ensure the occupational health of the workers. This paper uses the method of controlling wind velocity to design the ventilation system of workshop. The results show that the system can effectively control the welding fume, and the concentration is less than 4 mg/m3.

In this paper, a fuzzy logic controller will be introduced and discussed that can be applied for manufacturing systems. Our proposed control system will utilize fuzzy logic principles to find the optimum number of machines and operators assignment by developing the heuristic relations between the inputs and the outputs of the controller. The project inputs are the desired daily production and the average product processing time by each machine. The production process is assumed to be automated and the routing of products to these machines will be automated and requires negligible time. All machines are also assumed identical in both the functionality (manufacturing process) and the service time. Given the inputs as the number of products and the average service time, the goal of this controller will be to determine the number of the machines and the number of the operators needed to meet the production demand.

During basic design development for new FPSO projects in Brazilian pre-salt exploration, digital technologies were employed, in order to achieve constructability design requirements, construction and commissioning specification checks. Due to its benefit cost, schedule, quality, and overall project objectives and deep influence in platform safety and operability, in a process explained in Figure 1. Those digital technologies, such as the use of databases, computer aided engineering (CAE), analysis tools, 3D simulations and consistency check, were identified in constructability reviews and were developed to achieve the best constructability procedures and solve construction inconsistencies between several involved disciplines in posterior detailed design, procurement and commissioning phases. This manuscript aims to present the use of digital technologies to support constructability analysis in offshore oil & gas production facility – surface installations - projects of Petrobras.

In previous research, we analyzed traffic accident characteristics in the Chungcheong region through factoranalysis, cluster analysis, and a questionnaire using traffic accident analysis system data to enhance Korea's traffic safety. Based on the analysis results, we investigated the design and application of traffic safety technology in non-urban areas in this study. Three technologies are proposed to improve traffic safety facilities for the region: arecognition light at pedestrian crossing works, a recognition light on the road for the underprivileged in traffic works,and a safety LED sign for operation of agricultural machine works. Each technology complements the light pollution problem about snow removal and road safety when applied to existing facilities in the non-urban areas. Solar-basedindigenous technology is expected to contribute to road safety in rural areas. Keywords : Traffic Accident, Safety Facilities, Safety Facilities Design, Test-bed Application 본 연구는 국토교통부 국토교통기술 지역특성화사업의 연구비지원(15RDRP-B066173-03)과 충남대학교에 의해 수행되었음.

The article deals with important issues of the ecological approach to the health care facilities design within the general world's attention to the problem of sustainable development of the urban environment. Taking as the example the innovative foreign experience of implemented projects of medical institutions, as well as design, competitive and conceptual proposals revealed the latest idea of coexistence and harmonization of natural and man-made worlds within the medical environment that meets the challenges and needs of the XXI century. It is the concept of the hospital-park, that synthetically combines the architectural environment, natural environment, as well as man-made oasis and creates the basis for emergent results both in the medical field and in the need for a neat attitude to our planet. The article reveals the possibilities of designing a hospital-park of different stories and in different initial conditions: in a dense urban environment with a minimum size of the construction site, in suburban and peripheral areas of the city.

In highway traffic, setting up the necessary traffic safety facilities can provide a guarantee for the safe driving of vehicles. To a certain extent, proper and reasonable setting of traffic safety facilities is an important indicator to measure the safety design of highway traffic engineering. In order to do a good job in highway traffic safety from the source, people gradually pay attention to how to improve the rationality of the design of highway traffic safety facilities. As people pay more attention to highway traffic safety facilities, their design technology has become an important research content to effectively avoid safety problems in highway traffic design, construction and operation, and reduce the high cost of subsequent upgrades. This paper takes the design technology of highway traffic engineering safety facilities as the research object, and analyzes the main structure of highway traffic road safety facilities and the main causes of safety problems on the side of highway traffic roads. On this basis, with the main purpose of effectively avoiding road traffic safety accidents and guaranteeing road traffic safety, targeted safety protection measures are provided. From the aspects of guardrail design technology, visual illusion deceleration marking design technology, warning signs and other aspects, research and discussion are carried out to provide a reference for effectively improving the overall level of traffic safety facilities design.

Understanding of rainfall characteristics is important in designing Best Management Practices (BMPs) facilities. Because of intermittent rainfall, many researches on hydrology employ the concept of rainfall events. The selection of appropriate rainfall events for treatment design is essential to ensure the effectiveness of BMPs systems. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify the distribution of rainfall event using 6-hour Minimum Inter Event Time (MIT) and to identify the extreme rainfall thresholds over the study area. It shows that the rainfall data series consist of a large number of small events and rainfall depth of less than 2.5 mm (Type 1) contributes the highest percentage toward the overall record. About 63% of the rainfall record consists of Type 2 rainfall depth between 2.6 mm to 80 mm and only 1.3% recorded for rainfall event Type 3 with a depth exceeding 80 mm. It was found that the extreme rainfall threshold in Northern region of Peninsular Malaysia vary from 45 mm to 80 mm for R95 indices and 72 mm to 175 mm for R99 indices. These findings could be used as reference for better BMPs facilities design with extreme rainfall adaptation strategies.

The number of disability employee in Indonesia increases every year due to traffic accidents, natural disasters, and diseases. It reached 16.81 percent of the total Indonesian workforce until 2017 [1]. According to the law which explains disability, each private company must employ disabled employee for at least 1 percent and state-owned companies must employ disabled employee for at least 2 percent from all employees. In fact, the regulation has not been implemented due to negative society views on disability. Therefore, it is necessary to empower paraparesis people to work independently so that negative views from the society can be eliminated. Empowerment of people with paraparesis at Balai Besar Rehabilitasi Sosial Penyandang Disabilitas Fisik (BBRSPDF) Prof. Dr. Soeharso Surakarta was conducted by training on the development of the hemming machine. Their legs are not able to use pedals, so they need work facilities to accommodate the design of work facilities based on participatory approach to determine user needs. Participatory approach was conducted with distributing questionnaires. Change of operation hemming machine which previously used feet changed using the elbows cause technical contradictions in design of work facilities. Technical contradiction problem can be solved using TRIZ method.

The heart of the oil and gas business is the amount of hydrocarbon reserves found initially in place, which implies that the value of the reserve estimation is a key driver for exploration and production companies to decide whether to develop or abandon a prospect/field based on their set criteria. There are several parties involved in the utilization of the hydrocarbon reserves and it includes the operating companies, regulatory bodies, banks, investors to mention a few for different reasons. Some of these reasons are: to obtain approvals from relevant ministries and other regulatory bodies, for investment in oil/gas sector, for exploration and development plan strategy and for facilities design. Other reasons include obtaining financing, evaluation of profit/interest, satisfying government regulations & taxation, etc. Furthermore, there are several uncertainties associated with hydrocarbon reserve estimation which are presented in the later part of this chapter, and when these uncertainties are not factored into the prospect evaluation, the result is a wrong estimation of the reserves. Accordingly, this chapter presents a detailed understanding of hydrocarbon resource and its classification, understanding of hydrocarbon reserve and its classification and a brief definition of reservoir characterization.

The Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT), one of three next-generation extremely large telescopes (ELTs), will have a 25.4- meter diameter effective aperture, and will be located on the summit of Cerro Las Campanas in Chile. Developing a new observatory for cutting-edge science operations and a 50-year lifespan poses challenges that have resulted in competing design concepts. This paper discusses the concepts that have been adopted in the GMT site master plan, including designs for the site infrastructure, telescope enclosure, and facilities. The GMTO site has been in active construction since 2015, and in the past two years has completed important steps in site development including completion of residential and office facilities, road improvements, and other necessary infrastructure to support upcoming work. This paper concludes with an overview on managing design and construction simultaneously.

Purpose – This study aims to examine how lean production principles (LPP) can be incorporated in the context of ramp-up factories to improve future ramp-up factory designs. The application of LPP to the facilities design of ramp-up factories can help to reduce waste and achieve higher-quality products. However, the traditional design philosophy of “design follows function” has not considered the application of LPP during the early design development stage to more effectively meet tenants’ operational needs at the occupation stage. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a review of past literature, a set of LPP-driven facilities design features is presented, which seek to integrate traditional design principles and LPP. A survey was subsequently carried out with tenants operating in ramp-up factories to determine the relevance of the proposed LPP-driven facilities design features from their perspectives. Findings – It is found that generally most of the proposed LPP-driven facilities design features can help to improve tenants’ operational needs after the building is occupied. The study found that the significant LPP-driven facilities design features for ramp-up factories include: large span, clear floor-to-ceiling height, rectangular bay, wide frontage area, mezzanine floor system, evenly distributed lighting, white or light colour surfaces, private parking spaces, private loading/unloading bay, clearly defined car park entrance, wide vehicular ramp, wide driveway, sheltered loading/unloading bay and multi-storey car park embedded in the complex. The reasons for their significance are explained in the study. Practical implications – The LPP design model for ramp-up factories provides a useful checklist of important tenants’ requirements for the designers of ramp-up factories. This research also suggests that it is desirable to apply LPP in the design stage to improve the facilities design of ramp-up factories that is beneficial to tenants at the occupation stage. Originality/value – This research formulated a design model integrated with LPP for ramp-up factories. It extends the traditional design approach of “design follows function” to encompass LPP to transform the approach to a new LPP-driven facilities design philosophy. This new approach serves to better meet tenants’ requirements at the occupation stage. It is recommended that architecture schools incorporate the LPP-driven facilities design approach as one of their educational outcomes.

In order to explore the practice of city public facilities design, by means of system theory and the combination of quality research and quantity research, elements, levels and systems of city public environment facilities are analyzed. Based on this, the city public environment facilities are designed with city’s culture as the orientation, and it also orientates towards the city operation and management. In this way, a city public service system that is beneficial for the people is designed, which is open and has multi layers. In a word, the wisdom and innovation design of city public environment facilities promotes the city’s environment becoming systemic. What’s more, it perfects the classification and management of public facilities with city’s life requirements as the orientation.

Generally traditional research methods to crowd evacuation depend on experiences and hand calculation, but the errors of these methods are clear. So computer simulation methods have become popular all over the world. The paper studied crowd evacuation behaviors by building EXODUS developed by University of Greenwich. Evacuation time and behaviors were simulated and some differences were compared with the results by hand and experiences, which can give theoretic and methodological guides to crowd management, crowd facilities design, evacuation analysis in buildings, establishment of emergency preplanning and so on.

Panic is a typical psychological characteristic of crowd in a fire, which can cause serious casualties. By discussing psychology and behavior of crowd in panic, the paper analyzes behavior of crowd evacuation, and utilizes Building EXODUS to simulate crowd behaviors to a library room of a university. Some instructional conclusions are got, which can give theoretic and methodological guides to crowd management, crowd facilities design, evacuation analysis in buildings, establishment of emergency preplanning and so on.

In this article touristic-recreational facilities (TRF) structures are described. The results of global practice analysis in designing TRF are presented. The correlation between the location of recreational areas and urban systems is revealed. Two compositional methods of TRF design are observed. Six structural models of TRC, their percentage in global practice and environmental eff ects on structure choice are marked. The most rational structure in the context of different factors and town-planning aspects is proposed.

The use of the physical environment as a three-dimensional (3-D) textbook is not a common practice in educational facilities design. Previous researches documented that little progress has been made to incorporate environmental education (EE) into architecture, especially among the conventional designers who are often constrained by the budget and building area requirements. This article presents an exploratory project to develop a prototype for the 3-D textbook. The author does not formulate ideas and concept based on the pre-determined specs in a design brief. Instead, the design solution evolved through a qualitative case study conducted at the Green School in Bali, Indonesia. Data were collected through a series of interviews and on-site observations. The qualitative findings uncovered four design features for the 3-D textbook. A prototype was subsequently developed using the design features as a blueprint. The prototype serves as a testing ground for new ideas as well as a platform to promote awarene...

Purpose: This paper presents an implementation of the Six Sigma DMAIC approach implementing lean tools and facilities layout techniques to reduce the occurrence of different types of nonconformities in the carpeting process. Such carpeting process can be found in several industries including construction, aviation, and automotive. Design/methodology/approach: The improvement process was built through a sequential implementation of appropriate interconnected tools at each phase of the DMAIC approach. Utilized tools included: Pareto analysis, control charts, Ishikawa chart, 5-Whys, failure mode and effect analysis, process capability ratio, value stream map, and strategic layout planning. Findings: The carpeting process capability, quality of the product, customer satisfaction, and cost of poor quality were significantly improved. Explicitly, the sigma level was improved from 2.297 to 2.886 and the defects per million opportunities was reduced from 21615 to 3905. Originality/value: This paper has demonstrated the coherent implementation of several quality tools, value stream map, and systematic layout planning within the DMAIC approach.

Tailings paste backfilling and surface paste storage are safe, efficient, energy-saving and environmental friendly and are thus widely recognized and applied in the mining industries of developed countries. In China, tailings paste backfilling has developed rapidly, with tailings paste backfilling systems having been established in a considerable number of mines in recent years. However, paste storage is still in its early days, with only two paste storage systems are in operation in large-scale mines in China. Baiyinchagan mine, designed by China ENFI, is in the stage of commissioning and has established the first combined paste backfilling and paste storage system in China. This paper mainly introduces the process, facilities design and construction of the system.

The Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) will have a 25.4-meter diameter effective aperture, and is one the three currently planned next generation extremely large telescopes (ELTs). The GMT will be located at the summit of Cerro Campanas at the Las Campanas Observatory (LCO) in Chile, one the world’s best observing sites. This paper provides an overview of the site master plan comprising site infrastructure, enclosure, and facilities, and outlines the analysis of alternative trade studies that will lead to the final design. Also presented is an update of the site infrastructure development and preconstruction activities currently underway that will be completed prior to the beginning of enclosure construction near the end of 2016.

From February to June 2015, the Loop Current and its associated eddies were monitored at an unprecedented rate in southern Walker Ridge using traditional satellite sensors, satellite-tracked Lagrangian buoys, ship-mounted ADCPs, and moored ADCPs. In addition, a newly developed aerial system known as the Remote Ocean Current Imaging System (ROCIS) was flown almost daily, measuring surface currents at roughly 1 km spatial resolution over 125,000 km of combined transects. During the five-month period of observations, the Loop was extremely active, shedding one large and a second smaller anticyclone, and generating numerous intense cyclones. The extensive observations offered the opportunity to improve model initialization and thus the overall accuracy of the operational ocean current forecasts. An example is given of the substantial improvements that can result when more accurate observations are feed into the model initialization process. Perhaps just as importantly, the synoptic observations provided forecasters with an unprecedented view of the important fronts and features dominating the local flow field. The paper reviews the forecast accuracy from a numerical model and the subjective predictions from two forecasting groups with access to the model. The results show the model has about equal skill to the best of the forecasters. Mean 48-hr forecast error for the best forecaster was only about 0.2 kn but the variability of the error was substantial, 0.6 kn, with a correlation coefficient of only 0.65. In short, forecasting currents when the Loop or eddy fronts are nearby is challenging even with intense measurements and modeling. Those who depend on such forecasts should maintain realistic expectations regarding the forecast accuracy.

The aim of this study was to describe the status of body condition score (BCS), hock injuries prevalence, locomotion and body hygiene score as animal welfare measures in 73 free-stall dairy cattle farms in Lugo (Spain). A benchmarking process was established across farms: (1) the animal-based indicators were ordered from low to high values; (2) The farms were classified into three categories based on the number of indicators within less than the 25th percentile, 25th to 75th percentile and above the 75th percentile. The median prevalence of unsuitable BCS, hock injuries and clinical lameness was (median (range)) 51.7 per cent (13.3 to 89.5 per cent), 40.0 per cent (7.0per cent to 100 per cent) and 9.0 per cent (0per cent to 60.0 per cent) respectively. The dirtiness of the cow's coat had a high prevalence (73.0 per cent (37.5per cent to 100 per cent)). Most farms did not display consistently good or poor animal-based indicators and each farm had its own set of strong and weak points. Moreover, facilities design and management practices were described to understand source of the observations made of the cows. The incidence of overstocking was 31.5 per cent for stalls and 26.0 per cent for headlocks. The front lunge space was reduced (

Operators, as well as engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) companies facing large capital expenditure projects, such as new-build and brownfield production and process installations, are creating new designs and practices to accommodate the complexity of changing demands and environments.

PurposeThis study aims to focus on the use of a survey questionnaire to inform a sustainable lighting design modification of an existing university library on the campus of a large land‐grant university in the Mid‐Western USA and also aims to suggest that a similar methodology may be useful in other facilities' design applications.Design/methodology/approachA 40‐item questionnaire was developed, which sought to evaluate the effect of the existing lighting design on end‐users' perceptions and opinions at the university library and to gather general opinions regarding sustainability from library end‐users. The self‐administered survey asked respondents how much they agreed or disagreed (on a five‐point, Likert‐type scale) with a set of statements about sustainability, their use of the library, and their understanding of and reaction to its existing illumination.FindingsA total of 183 respondents completed and returned questionnaires, the majority of whom indicated that they were undergraduate students enrolled at the university. The survey results indicate that the respondents were aware of sustainability and sustainable lighting; that they were dissatisfied with the library's existing lighting; and that they suggested that these issues be addressed by the university to reduce the library's environmental footprint.Research limitations/implicationsThe study fills a gap in the literature since it documents the application of citizen participation theory to solicit input from stakeholders in an institutional setting to influence facility design. However, the research is limited by the fact that the sample comprised mostly of female undergraduate students.Originality/valueEnd‐users influenced the design development of a university library's lighting renovation. This renovation is ultimately anticipated to lower the energy consumed to illuminate the facility, to increase the end‐users' perceptions of the facility's sustainability, to meet new university guidelines, and to reduce the facility's environmental impact. There are potential applications for the procedures described herein for other facilities in the integration of stakeholders in renovation projects.

Due to the calculation difficulty on the hydraulic and hydrologic analysis for road drainage facilities design, these analysis techniques are not applicable. This study`s result are development of minutely rainfall-intensity equation suitable for road drainage area, verification of rainfall-runoff model joining kinematic wave theory for road drainage area, computational model based GUI for road surface drainage facilities spacing and culvert`s size decision and various road drainage channel design. Applicable test on the developed model is proceed, result that in case of road surface dranage facilities spacing is narrower 6~65% than present spacing calculation method, in other case of road cross dranage facilities size is bigger 6~140% than present size decision method.

This study aims to perform, compare, and evaluate Integrated Building Design (IBD) processes, collaborating the Building Information Modeling (BIM) with Building Performance Simulation (BPS) applications to perform energy analysis and improving the building energy performance of a Generalizable Building Design (GBD), an universal application on health care facilities design in Thailand. The IBD processes have produced the simulation results in a harmonious direction. Slight variation of building orientation could alter the extent of energy consumption. The integration of the three measures could minimize the energy consumption greatly. The study addresses limitations of the IBDs in the software integration processes.

Public facilities are the basis of urban public space, and public facilities are core parts of emergency shelters. It is important that the design of rescue facilities focuses on relief efforts. This article analyzes the present situation and raises questions about the study on the design of public facilities in emergency shelters, then applies theory related to design semiotics, cites examples, and suggests improvements on the usability and completeness of public facilities in emergency shelters. Facilities design in emergency shelters provides the theoretical foundation to make rescue system of emergency shelter more effective in the future.

The design and establishment of the operating theatre (OT) is not a simple architecture engineering work. This project needs a specialized planning and execution effort from all engineering specialists driven and coordinated by the needs, preferences and safety of the medical/surgical team. More than one reference in operating theatre design is available, but each reference is dedicated for the design of a special part of the project. This paper presents a complete comprehensive integrated paperless database application program called Operating Theatre Design Analyzer (OTDA). This application is used to ensure the optimal OT design referring to seven international standards and three accreditation programs integrated with each other throughout the recommendation report has been resulted. It helps the owners of healthcare facilities or those who are interested in this area to identify and solve the problems in the OT design. The program was introduced to many hospitals in different Arab countries for evaluation; the percentage of compliance with standard for each item in OTDA was recorded. The analysis of the results reflects a lack of infection control awareness and misunderstanding of the role of the clinical engineer in OT design and healthcare facilities design as whole

The main objective of this paper is to initiate and open a wider discussion on library design and learning facilities in Malaysia. It tries to take some lesson from one of the greatest modern American Architect which is Frank Lloyd Wright. The discussion itself will consist of four (4) parts. First part will discuss on the current problem and situation in reading and library issues in Malaysia while the second part will try to explore and review on the definition of outdoor learning with its importance and character in learning environment. The third part will focused on the Frank Lloyd Wright's sustainable approaches in spatial and landscape arrangement while the last part will do some analysis and comparison which result on the suggestion and recommendation for outdoor learning facilities design in Malaysia. With some understanding from the established environmental approaches of Frank Lloyd Wright's above it is expected that we can reconstruct and redefine some framework and guideline for future outdoor facilities design in Malaysia.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to (1) demonstrate the utility of the Systems Research Organizing Model (SROM) for evidence-based design; (2) explicate the SROM; and (3) demonstrate how the SROM can advance the science of healthcare design. Background: Grounded in systems science and adapted from the Quality Health Outcomes Model, the SROM was originally designed to assist in the organization of nursing systems research. It is useful for research in other fields as well because it serves as a potential framework for new investigations, allows delineation of key factors in previous research studies, and allows for the synthesis of a body of research knowledge. By means of the latter function, it helps identify knowledge that is ready to be translated to the practice environment. Model Design: The SROM is a fully justified model with four core constructs: client, context, action focus, and outcomes. Feedback loops in the model reflect the interrelatedness of the core constructs and recognize the complex nature of the healthcare environment. Conclusions: The SROM may be useful for organizing research studies of interest to healthcare design scientists and practitioners. This framework has promise for organizing studies, identifying gaps in current research studies, and synthesizing multiple studies for application to practice.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show how the successful implementation of the just‐in‐time (JIT) philosophy in the manufacturing industry has helped to reduce cost and time and increase quality of products. Existing studies on JIT principles in the building industry were predominantly focused on the construction stage.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical part consisted of pilot interviews with architects who designed ramp‐up light factories and a survey of tenants operating out of these factories.FindingsThe findings from the survey of tenants suggest that architectural designs, in terms of space and layout, have met the tenants' operational facilities needs. The tenants were generally satisfied with the ramp‐up light factory facilities design features, in relation to the relevant JIT principles.Research limitations/implicationsThe empirical findings were based on the user's perceptions and not on analyzing the actual physical facilities design of the ramp‐up factories with respect to JIT principles. This area is recommended for future research.Practical implicationsThe application of JIT principles to further improve the facilities design of ramp‐up light factories would help to reduce waiting time and double handling of goods during transportation. In addition, the application of JIT principles also enhances the smooth flow of delivery to every unit with less damage to the quality of the goods being delivered.Originality/valueThis exploratory study is not about how the management of the design process can be improved. Rather, it examines, for the first time, whether the application of JIT principles to improving the facilities design of ramp‐up light factories would effectively meet the tenants' operational facilities needs and improve their productivity after they have moved into the premises.

residential quarters are not suitable for the elderly who requires nursing care to use, but their demands of rehabilitation can't be neglected. In this paper, design proposal based on demand characteristic of the elderly who requires nursing care is presented according to previous investigation in the ways of living. The principle of inclusive design is applied to demonstrate the feasibility of design by analysis of design practice, function positioning, easiness to use and the safety, which would provide references for public fitness facilities design for the elderly who requires nursing care.

Outdoor activities have become people's spontaneous requirements. Pleasant and comfortable landscape facilities design will become important element in urban environmental development. Therefore, this article discusses through researching on landscape facility and mass behavior. Firstly, use observational method and case analysis method to observe behaviors and facilities in daily life and analyze typical cases of landscape facilities, and then find problems existed in the current landscape facilities design and find out the sources of the problems; then, use theoretical research method, two sources as starting points to respectively state psychology of mass behaviors, public demands and landscape facilities and find out theoretical basis of methods used to solve problems. Keywords—mass behavior; landscape facilities; urban landscape

Contains fulltext : 172443.PDF (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) PURPOSE: This systematic review was conducted to gain insight into the efficacy of transmission of infectious agents to colony sentinels by soiled bedding transfer based on publications studying this subject in mice and rats. This information is essential to establish recommendations for the design of health monitoring programs which use sentinels to determine the microbiological status of laboratory animal colonies. RESULTS: Fifteen original articles retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and CAB abstracts met the inclusion criteria. The design of the studies varied substantially per infectious agent with regard to dose of soiled bedding, exposure time, and sentinel strains used. CONCLUSION: With our conservative criteria for effectiveness, soiled bedding transfer appeared to be effective for MHV, MPV, TMEV, Helicobacter spp., and fur mite infections and ineffective for Sendai virus. For other infectious agents, such as MNV, EDIM, MVM, SDAV, Clostridium piliforme, and pinworms, too few data were available to be able to draw robust conclusions on the efficacy of soiled bedding transfer. RECOMMENDATION: The identified evidence only pertains to a portion of the infectious organisms included in the FELASA 2014 guidelines. As many animal facilities design their health monitoring program according to these recommendations, additional studies are warranted to draw comprehensive conclusions on the effective transmission of the infectious agents listed in these guidelines by soiled bedding transfer.

There has been a growing interest in the use of tools that apply the concept Building Information Modeling (BIM), but in many cases the designers still do not find technological support to provide an efficient transition from the current working method for a job, so that in fact enjoy the potential brought by BIM. Because of the difficulty in finding references on the BIM implementation about projects of building systems, especially in Brazil, this study sought to contribute taking advantage of experiences in use of latest technology and of the BIM approach using currently available tools. In preparing a facilities design with CAD2D and CAD3D, difficulties were observed in the use of information and correct interpretation of its representation by the professionals involved. A BIM model of the hydraulic systems of the same project was produced and a comparison was made with the information generated by the previous process. As a result, this work presents gains with regard to all information inserted in the project.

This paper wishes to present way that can take advantage of parts information of image drawing for efficient maintenance management of facilities efficiently. Information for parts that compose facilities to facilities design drawing has been expressed, and legend character has been written to divide each parts. This paper applies Artificial Intelligence techniques for legend character cognition of image drawing. Finally, apply artificial intelligence techniques to drawing management system to evaluate efficiency of method that propose in this paper that see.