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Summary Background Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy can induce side-effects such as cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), which often require intensive care unit admission. The aim of this study was to describe management of critically ill CAR T-cell recipients in intensive care. Methods This international, multicentre, observational cohort study was done in 21 intensive care units in France, Spain, the USA, the UK, Russia, Canada, Germany, and Austria. Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older; had received CAR T-cell therapy in the past 30 days; and had been admitted to intensive care for any reason. Investigators retrospectively included patients admitted between Feb 1, 2018, and Feb 1, 2019, and prospectively included patients admitted between March 1, 2019, and Feb 1, 2020. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome data were extracted from medical records. The primary endpoint was 90-day mortality. Factors associated with mortality were identified using a Cox proportional hazard model. Findings 942 patients received CAR T-cell therapy, of whom 258 (27%) required admission to intensive care and 241 (26%) were included in the analysis. Admission to intensive care was needed within median 4·5 days (IQR 2·0–7·0) of CAR T-cell infusion. 90-day mortality was 22·4% (95% CI 17·1–27·7; 54 deaths). At initial evaluation on admission, isolated cytokine release syndrome was identified in 101 patients (42%), cytokine release syndrome and ICANS in 93 (39%), and isolated ICANS in seven (3%) patients. Grade 3–4 cytokine release syndrome within 1 day of admission to intensive care was found in 50 (25%) of 200 patients and grade 3–4 ICANS in 38 (35%) of 108 patients. Bacterial infection developed in 30 (12%) patients. Life-saving treatments were used in 75 (31%) patients within 24 h of admission to intensive care, primarily vasoactive drugs in 65 (27%) patients. Factors independently associated with 90-day mortality by multivariable analysis were frailty (hazard ratio 2·51 [95% CI 1·37–4·57]), bacterial infection (2·12 [1·11–4·08]), and lifesaving therapy within 24 h of admission (1·80 [1·05–3·10]). Interpretation Critical care management is an integral part of CAR T-cell therapy and should be standardised. Studies to improve infection prevention and treatment in these high-risk patients are warranted. Funding Groupe de Recherche Respiratoire en Reanimation Onco-Hematologique.

We report on 59 Hodgkin lymphoma patients undergoing haploidentical stem cell transplantation (SCT; haplo-SCT) with posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, comparing outcomes based on pretransplant exposure to checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs). Considering pretransplant characteristics, the 2 cohorts (CPI = 29 patients vs no-CPI = 30 patients) were similar, except for the number of prior lines of therapy (6 vs 4; P < .001). With a median follow-up of 26 months (range, 7.5-55 months), by univariate analysis, the 100-day cumulative incidence of grade 2-4 acute GVHD was 41% in the CPI group vs 33% in the no-CPI group (P = .456), whereas the 1-year cumulative incidence of moderate to severe chronic GVHD was 7% vs 8%, respectively (P = .673). In the CPI cohort, the 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse appeared lower compared with the no-CPI cohort (0 vs 20%; P = .054). No differences were observed in terms of overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and nonrelapse mortality (NRM) (at 2 years, 77% vs 71% [P = .599], 78% vs 53% [P = .066], and 15% vs 21% [P = .578], respectively). By multivariable analysis, CPI before SCT was an independent protective factor for PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.32; P = .037). Stable disease (SD)/progressive disease (PD) was an independent negative prognostic factor for both OS and PFS (HR, 14.3; P < .001 and HR, 14.1; P < .001, respectively) . In conclusion, CPI as a bridge to haplo-SCT seems to improve PFS, with no impact on toxicity profile.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains a potentially curative and useful strategy in high-risk relapsing chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment at 12 months (M12) post-HSCT is predictive of relapse. This phase II study aimed to achieve M12 MRD negativity (MRDneg) using an MRD-driven immune-intervention (Md-PII) algorithm based on serial flow-cytometry blood MRD, involving cyclosporine tapering followed in case of failure by donor lymphocytes infusions. Patients had high-risk CLL according to the 2006 European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation consensus, in complete or partial response with lymphadenopathy

Haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo-SCT) with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy) is an alternative treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients who lack HLA-matched donors. Relapse after haplo-SCT remains a major concern, especially after nonmyeloablative conditioning regimens. Promising results were reported for TBF-based conditioning regimens (thiotepa, busulfan, and fludarabine) in patients transplanted from different categories of donors and for various disease types but not specifically in PT-Cy haplo-SCT for AML. Here we evaluate the outcome of 100 AML patients who received haplo-SCT with PT-Cy after TBF conditioning regimens (reduced-intensity conditioning, n = 77; myeloablative conditioning, n = 23) in 2 transplant programs. Cumulative incidences of grades III to IV acute and moderate or severe chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) were 7% and 14%, respectively. NRM at 2 years was 28%, significantly influenced by disease status at haplo-SCT (first complete response [CR1] versus advanced AML: 16% versus 38%, P = .016) but not by conditioning intensity or age. The cumulative incidences of relapse at 2 years were 17% and 24% in CR1 and advanced AML, respectively (not significant). Progression-free survival, overall survival, and GVHD and relapse-free survival at 2 years were 67%, 71%, and 49% in CR1 patients, respectively, whereas comparative values in patients with advanced disease were 37%, 41%, and 32%. Our study suggests that TBF conditioning for PT-Cy haplo-SCT is safe and effective for AML patients in CR1. In patients with more advanced disease, the relatively low incidence of relapse seems counterbalanced by a high nonrelapse mortality, underlining the need for alternative strategies to decrease relapse risk, without increasing the intensity of conditioning regimen.

While bone marrow (BM) grafts were initially used for T-replete HLA-haploidentical related donors transplantation (Haplo-SCT) with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy), the use of peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) remains debated. We thus conducted a detailed analysis evaluating the incidence, risk factors, and prevalence of GVHD after PBSC Haplo-SCT with PT-Cy. One hundred and eighty-one patients with hematological diseases were included. Median time for neutrophil and platelet recovery was 21 and 30 days, respectively. The cumulative incidence of grade 3-4 acute GVHD and severe chronic GVHD were 8% and 4%, respectively, approaching what was observed after BM Haplo-SCT. NRM at 2 years was 21%, and 41% of the non-relapse deaths were caused by GVHD. The cumulative incidence of relapse at 2 years was 17% in the whole cohort, and 13% among AML patients (n = 54), suggesting a high GVL effect. As surrogate markers for good quality of life, we observed a 2-year GVHD-relapse-free survival probability of 50% and found that 6% and 2% of disease-free patients at 2 years were still living with GVHD and immunosuppressive treatments, respectively. Haplo-SCT with PT-Cy using PBSC grafts results in low incidence GVHD and promising disease control, making PBSCs a valuable alternative to BM graft in this setting.

We propose to test whether the new refined Minnesota risk score, which represents a new tool for acute Graft-versus-Host-Disease (aGVHD) grading, may be useful to predict the final outcome of patients with aGVHD after haploidentical stem cell transplantation (Haplo-SCT) with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy). Hundred consecutive patients with grade 2–4 aGVHD were included. Twenty-two percent of the patients had high-risk (HR) aGVHD and had a lower chance to respond at day 28: 41% of non-responders (NR) were in the HR vs 13% in the standard-risk (SR) group (p = 0.003). By multivariate analysis, grade 3–4 aGVHD according to the traditional Keystone classification was the main independent predictor of non-response to front-line treatment at day 28, while HR aGVHD by the new refined Minnesota score remained the main independent variable associated with adverse NRM and OS. The new Minnesota refined risk score is a useful tool to predict the outcome of patients with aGVHD after Haplo-SCT with PT-Cy. Due to the few patients exchanging between categories in the two classifications, it is not possible to discriminate which system better predicts the outcome of patients with aGVHD in the setting of Haplo-SCT. Extending these preliminary observations to a larger cohort is warranted.

Posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy) is an efficient GVHD prophylaxis but has not been extensively evaluated in mismatched unrelated donor (MMUD) allo-HSCT, for which antithymocyte globulin (ATG) is still considered as a standard. Thus, we evaluated the outcome of MMUD allo-HSCT with PT-Cy (n = 22) and performed a historical comparison with a control group receiving ATG (n = 40) in a single center experience. Compared with the ATG group, the risk of grade 2–4 acute GVHD was significantly lower in the PT-Cy group (HR = 0.12, 95% CI = [0.03–0.48], p = 0.002). No difference was observed in the cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD. The risk of both NRM and relapse was significantly lower in the PT-Cy group (NRM: HR = 0.05, 95% CI = [0.00–0.63], p = 0.021; relapse: HR = 0.31; 95% CI = [0.09–1.10], p = 0.07). Thus, we observed significantly better PFS (HR = 0.22, 95% CI = (0.07–0.65); p = 0.006), OS (HR = 0.24, 95% CI = (0.07–0.84); p = 0.026), and GRFS (HR = 0.37, 95% CI = (0.17–0.80); p = 0.011) in the PT-Cy group. We conclude that PT-Cy is an effective GVHD prophylaxis in the setting of MMUD allo-HSCT, resulting in a better outcome compared with standard prophylaxis using ATG. This suggests that as it was shown in the setting of haploidentical allo-HSCT, the use of PT-Cy can overcome the impact of HLA disparity, leading to promising survivals that approach those observed after HLA matched allo-HSCT.

Background: Early Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) is a common complication following haploidentical stem cell transplantation (Haplo-HSCT) induced by the proliferation of alloreactive T-Cells. CRS is occurring more frequently in patients receiving peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) comparatively to bone marrow transplant, however its impact on outcome, notably graft versus host disease (GVHD) remain unclear. The main objective was to evaluate the impact of severity of CRS on the risk of GVHD. Patients and Methods: This retrospective single-center study included patients who had received a first haplo-HSCT for hematological malignancies, with PBSC as graft source. All patients received either a reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) based on thiotepa (5mg/kg), busulfan (260 mg/m²) and fludarabine (120 mg/m²) [TBF], or a non-myeloablative conditioning (NMAC) based on fludarabine (150 mg/m²), cyclophosphamide (29 mg/kg) and 2 Gy TBI [CyFluTBI]. GVHD prophylaxis was based on PT-Cy 50 mg/kg (day+3 and +4) and cyclosporine A plus mycophenolate mofetil starting at day+5. All patients were given GSCF from day+5 to neutrophil recovery. Results: 241 consecutive patients were analyzed. One hundred patients (54%) had myeloid malignancies, and 111 (46%) had lymphoid malignancies. Most patients had intermediate or low risk DRI (n = 180, 75%) and HCT-CI was ≥ 3 for 159 patients (66%). Using ASTCT consensus criteria, 226 patients (94%) developed CRS, including 183 grade 1 and 43 grade ≥ 2. Transplantation and patient characteristics were not significantly different between patients with CRS grade 0-1 vs. ≥ 2, except for age. Indeed, patients with CRS grade ≥ 2 were significantly older than patients with CRS grade 0-1 (median 65 vs 60 yo respectively, p = 0.01). Patients with grade ≥ 2CRS had significantly higher cumulative incidence of day-100 grade II-IV acute GVHD (grade 0-1 vs. ≥ 2 : 28% and 44%, p = 0.028) and 4-year moderate to severe chronic GVHD (grade 0-1 vs. ≥ 2 : 16% and 30%, p = 0.024) compared to patients with grade 0-1 CRS (Figure 1). No difference in the cumulative incidence of relapse was observed between CRS groups (grade 0-1 vs. ≥ 2 : 22% and 21%, p = 0.802). By multivariate analysis, CRS grade ≥ 2 was the only factor associated with grade II-IV acute GVHD (HR = 1.99; 95%CI = [1.17-3.39], p = 0.011). CRS grade ≥ 2 was significantly associated with a higher risk of moderate to severe chronic GVHD (HR = 2.67; 95%CI = [1.36-5.21], p = 0.004) and poorer GVHD- and relapse-free survival (GRFS) (HR = 1.78 ; 95%CI = [1.19-2.67], p = 0.005). Progression free survival, overall survival and non-relapse mortality were not influenced by the severity of CRS. Conclusion: In the context of PBSC haplo-HSCT, the occurrence of grade ≥ 2 CRS following graft infusion is significantly associated with an increased risk of both acute and chronic GVHD. This may improve the early identification of patients with high risk of GVHD for whom specific enhanced GVHD prophylaxis should be investigated. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Chabannon: Sanofi SA: Other: Travel Support, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Bellicum Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel Support, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Speakers Bureau; BMS/Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Terumo BCT: Speakers Bureau; Miltenyi Biotech: Research Funding; Fresenius Kabi: Research Funding; EBMT: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Blaise: Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria.

Background Following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT), the phenotype and function of circulating NK Cells are altered; notably NK cells display an immature (CD56-bright/KIR -/CD57 -/NKG2A +) phenotype and a low cytotoxic activity. Since NK cells have demonstrated anti-leukemic activity in the context of Allo-HCT while less prone to induce GVHD than T cells, we hypothesized that NKG2A inhibition using the checkpoint inhibitor monalizumab (humanized IgG4 blocking monoclonal antibody) could improve NK cell mediated graft-versus-tumor effect, without triggering graft-versus-host disease. We thus performed the first clinical trial evaluating the safety of monalizumab as a prophylactic treatment after Allo-HSCT (NCT02921685). Method The objective was to determine the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of a single infusion of monalizumab administered on day+75 or thereafter following Allo-HSCT. Inclusion criteria were: 1) adult patients who underwent first Allo-HSCT for hematological malignancy; 2) no prior history of GVHD, 3) reduced toxicity conditioning regimen, 4) ATG or PT-Cy based GVHD prophylaxis, and 5) GVHD prophylaxis with cyclosporine A ongoing at the time of monalizumab infusion. Four dose levels were investigated in this dose escalation study (0.04, 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg). Dose limiting toxicities (DLT) were defined by the occurrence of any grade 3 to 4 monalizumab-related adverse event within 28 days after infusion, including grade 3 to 4 acute GVHD and moderate to severe chronic GVHD. In case of DLT, a Bayesian continuous reassessment model (CRM) was used to predict the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) after each series of 3 patients treated at a given dose level. It was planned to treat 18 patients. Beyond clinical safety, blood samples were collected for NK and T cell immunomonitoring and receptor saturation assay. Results Fifteen patients received monalizumab at a median time of 83 days (range: 75-103) after Allo-HSCT (3 at 0.04 mg/kg, 3 at 0.1 mg/kg, 3 at 0.3 mg/kg, and 6 at 1 mg/kg). Patients were transplanted for hematological diseases (9 AML, 3 MDS, 1 lymphoma, 1 CLL and 1 myelofibrosis), from a matched sibling (n=8), matched unrelated (n=6) or haploidentical donor (n=1). No DLT was observed during the dose escalation process or among the 6 patients treated at the highest dose level, justifying study early termination after 15 patients. Two patients developed transient low grade GVHD that spontaneously resolved without treatment (1 grade I acute GVHD on day+8 and 1 mild chronic GVHD on day+118). Systemic steroid requiring GVHD occurred in 3 patients (20%): 1 severe overlap GVHD (day+42, CR after treatment), 1 severe chronic GVHD (day+80, death from GVHD) and 1 late severe chronic GVHD after cyclosporine tapering for mixed chimerism (day+149, complete remission [CR] after treatment). No disease recurrence was observed, except for one patient with myelofibrosis who relapsed 3 years after monalizumab infusion. At a median follow up of 22 months (3-48) after monalizumab infusion, 13 out of 15 patients are in CR from their underlining malignancy without GVHD and immunosuppressive treatment at last contact. At the dose of 1 mg/kg, receptor saturation assays (RSA) showed persistent binding of monalizumab on peripheral blood NK cells. Indeed, more than 90% of NKG2A-positive NK cells were positive for monalizumab detection (Anti-IgG4-PE) until at least 14 weeks post treatment. Conclusions Monalizumab can be safely administered after Allo-HSCT, with prolonged persistence on circulating NK cells. In the absence of DLT, MTD was not reached. Future trials will aim at measuring the clinical efficacy of monalizumab in this context, alone or in combination therapy. Disclosures boyer Chammard: Innate Pharma: Current Employment. Chabannon: Sanofi SA: Other: Travel Support, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Bellicum Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel Support, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Speakers Bureau; BMS/Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Terumo BCT: Speakers Bureau; Miltenyi Biotech: Research Funding; Fresenius Kabi: Research Funding; EBMT: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Vey: Amgen: Honoraria; BMS: Honoraria; BIOKINESIS: Consultancy, Research Funding; NOVARTIS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; SERVIER: Consultancy; JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS: Honoraria; JANSSEN: Consultancy. Olive: ImCheck Therapeutics: Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Alderaan Biotechnology: Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Emergence Therapeutics: Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Blaise: Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria.

Introduction Failure to respond to steroid therapy for intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) is associated with limited further therapeutic options. Fecal microbiotherapy is defined as the perfusion of treated stool from one or several healthy donors via the upper or lower gastrointestinal (GI) route aiming at improving microbial diversity and functionality. Here we report clinical outcomes from a 76-patient cohort with steroid refractory (SR) GI-aGvHD treated with the pooled allogenic fecal microbiotherapeutic MaaT013. Twenty-four patients were treated in the prospective, single-arm, phase IIa, HERACLES study (NCT03359980) while 52 patients were treated in an expanded access program (EAP). Patients and methods For HERACLES, 24 patients with grade III-IV SR-GI-aGvHD were treated with MaaT013 in 26 European sites, as a 2 nd line therapy after SR diagnosis and evaluable for treatment response. In EAP, 52 patients with steroid-dependent or SR-GI-aGvHD (classical n=41, late onset n=3, overlap syndrome n=8) were treated. These patients had previously received and failed 1 to 6 lines (median 3; 40/52 received ruxolitinib) of GvHD systemic treatments. GI-GvHD response was evaluated weekly and 28 days after day (D) 0 (inclusion for HERACLES or 1st dose for EAP). For all patients, GI-overall response rate (ORR) at D28 was defined as the proportion of patients achieving complete response (CR), very good partial response (VGPR) or partial response (PR), compared to D0, without the use of additional systemic therapy. Other endpoints included the best overall response (BOR) achieved at any time, and overall survival (OS). Prepared under GMP, MaaT013 is characterized by a highly consistent richness of 455 ±3% OTUs and an Inverse Simpson index > 20. Treatment comprised 3 MaaT013 doses, each composed of 30 g of feces in 150 mL volume of inoculum (total 90 g of feces from 4 to 8 healthy donors) administered by enema (except for 2 EAP patients by nasogastric tube). All patients received at least 1 MaaT013 dose, 92% (HERACLES) and 87% (EAP) at least 2 doses, and 50% (HERACLES) and 71% (EAP) the full treatment course. In HERACLES, the reasons for not applying the 3 rd dose were death (n=5), physician decision to introduce salvage therapy (n=5), and ICU hospitalization (n=2)). Results In HERACLES, the GI-ORR was 38% including 5 CR, 2 VGPR and 2 PR. In EAP, positive GI-response was achieved in 31/52 patients (60% with 16 CR, 11 VGPR and 4 PR). Considering the GI-BOR, 13/24 (54%) and 35/52 (67%) achieved at least a PR in HERACLES and EAP respectively. In HERACLES, OS was 29% at month (M) 6 and 25% at M12. OS was significantly higher in responding (R) patients (achieving at least PR at D28) compared to non-responding (NR) (44% vs 20% at M6 and 44% vs 13% at M12, logrank p=0.047). In EAP, OS was 48% at M6 and 37% at M12, and significantly higher in R patients compared to NR (71% vs 17% at M6 and 62% vs 6% at M12, logrank p In HERACLES, treatment with MaaT013 was characterized by excellent tolerance: 252 Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) were reported for the 24 patients, the majority being infections (79%) and GI disorders (62%), as expected in GvHD patients. Of these 252 TEAE, only 2% (5 serious events in 2 patients) could not reasonably be excluded from being related to MaaT013 by the investigators. Shotgun sequencing in these 5 TEAE revealed that the causative infectious agents could not be detected in the administered MaaT013. In EAP, the safety profile of MaaT013 was considered satisfactory for all patients. 16S microbiome analyses were performed in the HERACLES population and showed that MaaT013 produced an early increase in α-diversity at genus level with a significant increase in Richness index at all evaluated timepoints (p Conclusion We herein report the treatment of 76 SR-GI-aGvHD patients using a full ecosystem, pooled-donor, high-richness biotherapeutic. The D28 GI-ORR was 38% and 60% in HERACLES and EAP respectively and this clinical benefit positively and significantly impacted OS (44% and 62% M12 in HERACLES and EAP R patients respectively). MaaT013 was shown to be safe and effective in these heavily immunocompromised patients, warranting further exploration of this approach. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Malard: JAZZ pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria; Astellas: Honoraria; Biocodex: Honoraria; Therakos/Mallinckrodt: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria. Loschi: CELGENE/BMS: Honoraria; AbbVie: Ended employment in the past 24 months, Honoraria; Gilead: Ended employment in the past 24 months, Honoraria; Novartis: Ended employment in the past 24 months, Honoraria; Servier: Ended employment in the past 24 months, Honoraria; MSD: Honoraria. Cluzeau: Agios: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: travel, accommodations, expenses, Speakers Bureau; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria; BMS/Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Jazz Pharma: Consultancy, Honoraria; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Other: travel, accommodations, expenses; Astellas: Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Other: travel, accommodations, expenses. Huynh: Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria. Holler: MaaT Pharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Vehreschild: SocraTec R&D GmbH: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Ferring: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Farmak International Holding GmbH: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Bio-Mérieux: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Basilea: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Arderypharm: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Alb Fils Kliniken GmbH: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Takeda Pharmaceutical: Research Funding; Seres Therapeutics: Research Funding; Roche: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Organobalance: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Merck/MSD: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; MaaT Pharma: Consultancy, Research Funding; Immunic AG: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Glycom: Research Funding; Gilead Sciences: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Evonik: Research Funding; Da Volterra: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Biontech: Research Funding; Astellas Pharma: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; 3M: Research Funding. Gasc: MaaT Pharma: Current Employment. Plantamura: MaaT Pharma: Current Employment. Mohty: Sanofi: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria; Jazz: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Gilead: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria; Astellas: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria; Adaptive Biotechnologies: Honoraria.

International audience; Objectives: To evaluate the applicability and compliance with guidelines for early initiation of long-term prophylaxis in infants with severe hemophilia A and to identify factors associated with guideline compliance.Study design: This real-world, prospective, multicenter, population-based FranceCoag study included almost all French boys with severe hemophilia A, born between 2000 and 2009 (ie, after guideline implementation).Results: We included 333 boys in the study cohort. The cumulative incidence of long-term prophylaxis use was 61.2% at 3 years of age vs 9.5% in a historical cohort of 39 boys born in 1996 (ie, before guideline implementation). The guidelines were not applicable in 23.1% of patients due to an early intracranial bleeding or inhibitor development. Long-term prophylaxis was delayed in 10.8% of patients. In the multivariate analysis, 2 variables were significantly associated with "timely long-term prophylaxis" as compared with "delayed long-term prophylaxis": hemophilia treating center location in the southern regions of France (OR 23.6, 95% CI 1.9-286.7, P = .013 vs Paris area) and older age at long-term prophylaxis indication (OR 7.2 for each additional year, 95% CI 1.2-43.2, P = .031). Long-term prophylaxis anticipation was observed in 39.0% of patients. Earlier birth year (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.8, P = .010 for birth years 2005-2009 vs 2000-2004) and age at first factor replacement (OR 1.9 for each additional year, 95% CI 1.2-3.0, P = .005) were significantly associated with "long-term prophylaxis guideline compliance" vs "long-term prophylaxis anticipation."Conclusions: This study suggests that long-term prophylaxis guidelines are associated with increased long-term prophylaxis use. However, early initiation of long-term prophylaxis remains a challenge.

We performed a prospective multicenter phase 2 study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of prophylactic Extracorporeal Photopheresis (ECP) in adult patients with hematological malignancies early after RIC allo-HSCT on day 21 twice per week during the first two weeks and then once per week for the next four weeks for a total of eight ECP courses. A total of 20 patients were included; 10 were males, median age was 60 years. All patients engrafted, 17 (85%) received the total eight ECP courses. There were no adverse effects related to ECP. Seven patients developed acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), with 15% grade ≥ II cumulative incidence at day 100. The cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD at 2 years was 22%. The 2 years probability of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 84 and 74%, respectively. This study shows encouraging results with low acute and chronic GVHD incidence and no interference with graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect.

Introduction: Congenital neutropenia (CN) is characterized by chronic neutropenia due to a constitutional genetic defect.1 To date, these diseases have not been considered to be frequently associated with malignant solid tumors, unlike the risk of secondary myelodysplastic syndrome leukemia, which is well-known in CN. Methods: The French Severe Chronic Neutropenia Registry (FSCNR) has prospectively enrolled CN patients since 1993. Solid tumors, identified during routine patient follow-up, were classified according to WHO criteria. We included localized lymphoma in the spectrum of malignant solid tumors. We calculated the incidence of malignant solid tumors in a cohort of CN patients. Results: Among 868 patients with various CN subtypes followed for a total of 16617 person-years, 24 patients who developed a malignant solid tumor were identified. Those cancers are described in Table 1, including the CN genetic anomaly. Cancers were almost always diagnosed in adulthood, with median age at diagnosis of 38.1 (range 10-72) years; only 3 cancers were diagnosed before age of 20 years. The cancer rate was 1.2% at 30 years of age, 7% at 40 years and 24% at 50 years (Fig. 1A). The risk-of-cancer percentages depended mainly on the associated genetic deficiency. Solid tumors were roughly distributed as follows: 33% among WHIM (CXCR4) patients, 5.3% among GATA2 patients, 2.7% among ELANE patients, 1.9 % among SBDS patients and 0.8% among for all other subtypes combined (Fig. 1B). Human papillomavirus (HPV) was the cause of cancer for 2/5 in WHIM patients and 2/6 in GATA2 patients. Three Lymphoma were identified, one in GATA2 patient and 2 in WHIM patients. Notably, our cohort's follow-up is skewed to the right, with less efficient monitoring of adults, with still limited long-term follow-up beyond 40 years. Therefore, we probably underestimated the solid-tumor risk in CN patients, as many patients, if alive, are no longer followed in hematology centers. Among 103 patients who underwent hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT), 76 were long-term survivors. None of them developed solid tumors, which differs strikingly from the high malignancy risk associated with Fanconi anemia post-HSCT. Lastly, the FSCNR also includes and follows patients with idiopathic neutropenia. Among the 232 idiopathic neutropenia patients, followed for a total of 2866 person-years, no malignancy has been observed so far. Conclusion: Our data lead us to advance that CN patients should be considered at risk of developing solid cancers, especially after the age of 30 years. This risk, at first glance, depended on the CN-associated genetic anomaly, with CXCR4 mutation, GATA2, SBDS and ELANE being the most frequent. HSCT was not associated with a higher risk and may, in contrast, be protective. These findings warrant confirmation but represent a compelling reason to prolong follow-up into adulthood of CN patients diagnosed during childhood. No indication was found of a specific high solid-tumor risk associated with idiopathic neutropenia. Reference Donadieu J, Beaupain B, Fenneteau O, Bellanne-Chantelot C. Congenital neutropenia in the era of genomics: classification, diagnosis, and natural history. Br.J.Haematol. 2017; 179(4): 557-574. Acknowledgments: The French SCN registry is supported by grants from Amgen, Chugai, Prolong Pharma, X4 Pharma, Inserm, the Association 111 les Arts, the Association RMHE, the Association Sportive de Saint Quentin Fallavier. The authors thank the association IRIS and Mrs Grosjean and Mr Gonnot(ASSQF), the association Barth France for their support. Disclosures Hermine: Roche: Consultancy; Celgene BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; AB Science: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Honoraria, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Alexion: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding. Blaise:Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria. Sicre de Fontbrune:Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc.: Honoraria, Research Funding. cohen Beaussant:X4 Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Current Employment.

Introduction Intestinal graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), has a high mortality rate and a reduced life-expectancy. In this context, failure to respond to steroid therapy is associated with limited further therapeutic options, thereby representing an unmet medical need. Aiming at restoring microbiome functions, fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) has proved to be a promising treatment modality in this challenging clinical setting, with recent studies reporting favorable results in steroid refractory-acute GVHD (SR-aGvHD) patients. Here we report on the use of a next-gen FMT product "MaaT013", a standardized, pooled-donor, high-richness microbiota biotherapeutic, used to treat 29 patients with intestinal aGvHD as part of a compassionate use/expanded access treatment program. Patients and methods Twenty-nine allo-HSCT recipients with steroid-dependent or SR intestinal GvHD (classical aGVHD n=22, late-onset aGVHD n=2; aGvHD with overlap syndrome n=5) were treated with MaaT013 biotherapeutic as part of a compassionate use/expanded access treatment program of the developer MaaT Pharma. These patients had previously received and failed 1 to 5 lines (median 3; 22/29 received ruxolitinib) of GvHD systemic treatments. Each patient received 1 to 3 doses (median: 3; total doses administered: 71) of MaaT013, a 150 mL bag, by enema (n=28) or nasogastric tube (n=1). GI-GvHD response was evaluated 7 days after each administration and 28 days after the first dose. Prepared under Good Manufacturing Practices, MaaT013 biotherapeutics are characterized by a highly consistent richness of 455 ±3% Operational Taxonomic Units and an Inverse Simpson index greater than 20. Batch release specifications are based on potency (viability), identity (diversity), and purity (microbiological safety testing and proportion of proinflammatory species), ensuring the desired consistency across batches. Results We observed a GI overall response rate of 59% (17/29) at day 28 after first dosing, including 9 complete response (CR), 6 very good partial response (VGPR), and 2 partial response (PR). Considering the best GI response achieved, 20/29 patients (69%) achieved at least a PR, with 9 CR, 8 VGPR and 3 PR. Among the 29 treated patients, 16 were still alive at last follow-up (median follow-up (FU): 131.5 days; range [28; 413]) and 6 months overall survival was 54%. Among the 9 patients achieving CR, all were still alive at last follow-up (median FU: 197 days; [49; 301]) and were able to taper or stop steroids and immunosuppressants. Among these 9 patients, three patients presented GI symptom recurrence between 2 and 3 months after dosing. In 2 patients, this recurrence occurred after heavy antibiotic treatment, one of them received an additional MaaT013 dose and achieved a second CR. Of note, among these 9 patients, mild chronic mucosal GvHD symptoms persisted in one patient, and molecular relapse of hematologic malignancy was observed in another. The safety of the MaaT013 microbiota biotherapeutic was satisfactory for all patients. One patient developed "possibly related" sepsis one day after the third dosing but no pathogen was identified in blood cultures, and the patient recovered after a course of antibiotics. Another patient developed C. difficile diarrhea 24 hours post-administration. This was not causally related to MaaT013, as C. difficile testing was negative in the MaaT013 lot. Nosocomial transmission was suspected as the cause as several patients with C. difficile infection were hospitalized in the same unit during this period. Conclusions We herein report for the first time the treatment of 29 patients with steroid-dependent or SR intestinal aGvHD using a full ecosystem, standardized, pooled-donor, high-richness biotherapeutic. The overall response rate was 59% with the off-the-shelf MaaT013 product, which was shown to be safe and effective in these heavily pre-treated and immunocompromised patients, warranting further exploration of the full ecosystem microbiota restoration approach. Disclosures Malard: Astellas: Honoraria; JAZZ pharmaceutical: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Keocyt: Honoraria; Theralos/Mallinckrodt: Honoraria; Biocodex: Honoraria. Plantamura:MaaT Pharma: Current Employment. Mohty:BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; GSK: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Stemline: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.

Advanced hematologic malignancies have a higher incidence in older patients and very often lack effective treatments. Allo-HSCT represents the only potential curative option for most of hematologic malignancies. However, 2 main limitations limited this development for a long period of time in older patients. High rates of fatal non-relapse morbidities have been progressively decreased using reduced toxicity conditioning approaches. This allowed pushing up the age limit of patients considered for transplant. The search for a donor has been also a high limitation in older population, due to the lower incidence of matched sibling donors in this population. The development of allo-HSCT from a familial Haplo donor after a reduced intensity (RIC) or non-myeloablative conditioning (NMAC) has allowed for the recent development of allo-HSCT in older population. Here we analyzed a cohort of 111 consecutive patients aged of 65 years or older transplanted from a haplo donor in a single institution from 2013 to 2018. During this period of time, the search for a one-mismatch haplotype donor (Haplo) has been progressively introduced in our program, the upper limit age for transplant progressively increased and more advanced diseases. Patient characteristics: Median age: 69,3 (65-78) years; Male patients: 64%; Acute leukemia (AL): 34%; Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative syndromes (MDS/MPS): 45%; Chronic Leukemia: 2%; Lymphoma: 18%; others: 3%. High or very high risk disease index (DRI): 44%. Donor characteristics: median age: 39,2 (22-68); Male gender: 61%; sibling donor: 17%; offspring donor: 83%. Non Myeloablative/ Reduced toxicity conditioning: 51%/49%; All patients received PTCY. PT Immunosuppression included CSA and MMF. Median follow-up: 20 (3-78) months; ANC recovery in 96%: 19 (10-44) days; untransfused platelet recovery above 20 in 75%: 17 (7-56) days. In evaluable patients for aGVHD: No: 59%; Grade 1: 7%; Grade 2: 16%; Grade 3: 11%; Grade 4: 5%; 85% patients were evaluable for cGVHD: No: 62%; limited: 13%; Moderate/severe:25%; 32 patients (25%) patients died from non-relapse mortality at a median of 116 days (13-1373); 16 patients relapsed/progressed at a median of 5,6 (1-63) months. Two year overall and disease-free survivals are respectively of 58% (95% CI: 6.35-7.04) and 54% (95% CI: 7.17-7.55). the only predictive factor was disease risk. Overall these data show that allo haplo HSCT is a valid option in older patients with high-risk malignancies. To improve results we performed from 2015 in patients older than 65 years systematic and combined evaluation of comorbidities score, performance status and geriatric assessment (instrumental activity of daily living (AIDL); vulnerability assessment) that will be presented in the meeting for this population.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is limited by availability of HLA-matched sibling donors (MSDs). The alternative use of unrelated donors (UDs) is currently challenged by haploidentical-related donors (HRDs). We retrospectively analyzed 209 consecutive patients younger than 60 years undergoing allo-HSCT from UDs (n = 128) or HRDs (n = 81). Cumulative incidences of grade 3–4 acute (17 vs. 2%, p = 0.003) and 2-year moderate and severe chronic (20 vs. 2%, p

Haploidentical related donor (HRD) allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) was developed as a valid option for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the absence of a matched donor. However, many investigators are reluctant to consider the use of this alternative in elderly patients, anticipating high morbidity. Here, we report a single-center comparison of HRD versus matched sibling donor (MSD) and unrelated donor (UD) allo-HSCT for patients with AML aged >= 60 years. Ninety-four patients (MSD: n = 31; UD: n = 30; HRD: n = 33) were analyzed. The median age was 65 (range, 60 to 73) years. We observed a higher cumulative incidence of grade 3 to 4 acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after UD allo-HSCT (MSD versus UD versus HRD: 3% versus 33% versus 6%, respectively; P = .006). Two-year cumulative incidence of moderate or severe chronic GVHD was 17%, 27%, and 16% in the MSD, UD, and HRD groups, respectively (P = .487). No difference was observed in the 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse or nonrelapse mortality (NRM) (relapse: MSD versus UD versus HRD: 32% versus 25% versus 25%, respectively; P = .411; NRM: MSD versus UD versus HRD: 19% versus 27% versus 24%, respectively; P = .709). At 2 years, progression-free survival, overall survival, and GVHD- and relapse-free survival were 48%, 50%, and 39%, respectively, in the MSD group; 48%, 51%, and 23%, respectively, in the UD group; and 50%, 52%, and 32%, respectively, in the HRD group, without statistically significant differences between the groups. We conclude that HRD allo-HSCT is highly feasible and no less efficient than MSD or UD allo-HSCT in patients with AML aged >= 60 years. Thus, the absence of a HLA-identical donor should not limit the consideration of allo-HSCT for the treatment of AML. (C) 2018 American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.

A prospective phase II multicenter trial was performed with the aim to obtain less than 25% nonrelapse mortality (NRM) after unrelated cord blood transplantation (UCBT) for adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) using a reduced-intensity conditioning regimen (RIC) consisting of total body irradiation (2 Gy), cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg), and fludarabine (200 mg/m2). From 2007 to 2009, 79 UCBT recipients were enrolled. Patients who underwent transplantation in first complete remission (CR1) (n = 48) had a higher frequency of unfavorable cytogenetics and secondary AML and required more induction courses of chemotherapy to achieve CR1 compared with the others. The median infused total nucleated cells (TNC) was 3.4 × 107/kg, 60% received double UCBT, 77% were HLA mismatched (4/6), and 40% had major ABO incompatibility. Cumulative incidence of neutrophil recovery at day 60 was 87% and the cumulative incidence of 100-day acute graft-versus-host disease (II to IV) was 50%. At 2 years, the cumulative incidence of NRM and relapse was 20% and 46%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, major ABO incompatibility (P = .001) and TNC (

Unrelated cord blood transplantation (UCBT) after a reduced intensity conditioning regimen (RIC) has extended the use of UCB in elderly patients and those with co-morbidities without an HLA-identical donor, although post-transplant relapse remains a concern in high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. HLA incompatibilities between donor and recipient might enhance the alloreactivity of natural killer (NK) cells after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). We studied the reconstitution of NK cells and KIR-L mismatch in 54 patients who underwent a RIC-UCBT for AML in CR in a prospective phase II clinical trial. After RIC-UCBT, NK cells displayed phenotypic features of both activation and immaturity. Restoration of their polyfunctional capacities depended on the timing of their acquisition of phenotypic markers of maturity. The incidence of treatment-related mortality (TRM) was correlated with low CD16 expression (P=0.043) and high HLA-DR expression (P=0.0008), whereas overall survival was associated with increased frequency of NK-cell degranulation (P=0.001). These features reflect a general impairment of the NK licensing process in HLA-mismatched HSCT and may aid the development of future strategies for selecting optimal UCB units and enhancing immune recovery.

International audience; Little data have been published concerning invasive fungal infections during treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Patients included between May 2006 and October 2012 in the multicenter phase III trial for newly diagnosed ALL (GRAALL-2005) were retrospectively reviewed for the occurrence of IFI using the EORTC modified criteria. These patients did not routinely receive antifungal prophylaxis. Among 969 patients included (median age 47 years), 65 (6.7%) developed IFI during induction chemotherapy: 26 (3.3%) invasive aspergillosis (IA), 33 (3.4%) invasive candidiasis (IC) and six other IFI. For IA, the median time between induction therapy and IA diagnosis was 20 days. Diagnosis was probable in 22 cases and proven in four. Aspergillus antigen in serum was tested in all cases and positive in 24. Overall 12-week mortality after diagnosis of IA was 5/26 and attributable mortality related to the infection was 4/26 (15.4%). For IC, the median time between induction therapy and diagnosis was 19 days. Diagnosis was proven in 29 episodes. Candida albicans was the major pathogen in yeast infections (16/27). Overall 12-week mortality after diagnosis of IC was 8/33 (24.2%) and attributable mortality related to the infection was 7/33. The median delay between induction chemotherapy initiation and attributable death related to IC was 15 days. These findings may help to optimize the future management of ALL patients, and as in AML advocate systematic monitoring and the development of prophylactic or preemptive antifungal treatments.

We investigated the impact of rabbit antithymocyte globulins (ATG) on patient outcomes after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) for progressive myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Of the 242 consecutive patients who underwent allo-SCT for progressive MDS between October 1999 and December 2009, 93 received ATG (ATG group) at the median dose of 5 mg/kg, whereas 149 patients did not (no-ATG group). Donors were sibling (n = 153) or HLA-matched unrelated (n = 89). Patients received blood (n = 90) or marrow (n = 152) grafts after either myeloablative (n = 109) or reduced-intensity (n = 133) conditioning. Three-year overall and event-free survival, nonrelapse mortality, relapse, and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) development were not significantly different between the 2 groups. In contrast, acute grade II to IV GVHD occurred more often in the no-ATG group (55% of the patients) than in the ATG group (27%, P

Advanced hematologic malignancies in older patients are unmet medical needs due to increased incidence in the aging population and the lack of effective treatment. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) represents the only potential curative option for most of hematologic malignancies. However, two main limitations limited this development for a long period of time. High rates of fatal non-relapse morbidities have been progressively addressed using reduced toxicity conditioning approaches and pushing up the age limit of patients considered for transplant. The search for a donor has been also a high limitation in older population, due to the lower incidence of matched sibling donors in this population. The development of allo-HSCT from a familial haplo mismatch donor (Haplo donor) after a reduced intensity (RIC) or non-myeloablative conditioning (NMAC) has allowed for the recent development of allo-HSCT in older population. Here we analyzed a cohort of 252 consecutive patients aged of 65 years or older treated in a single institution. Patients were selected on the following parameters: age of 65 or older on the day of transplant, first allogeneic transplant, no unrelated cord blood HSCT, hematologic malignancies, transplant between 01/01/2004 and 31/12/2018. During this period of time, the search for a one-mismatch haplotype donor (Haplo) has been introduced, the upper limit age for transplant progressively increased, more advanced diseases were considered and patients have gradually benefit from improvement in transplant care. Patient characteristics: Median age: 67,9 (65-77) years; Male patients: 61 %; CMV Positive (70%); Acute leukemia (AL): 43%; Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative syndromes (MDS/MPS): 35%; Chronic Leukemia: 5%; Lymphoma: 11%; Plasma cell disorders (PCD): 6%. Complete remission (CR) or Chronic phase: 155 (62%) (of whom 81 CR1 AL) Donor characteristics: median age: 62,45 (19-77); Male patients: 63 %; Matched sibling donor (MSD) (24%): 60: Unrelated donor: 75 (29%); Haplo Donor: 118 (47%). Transplant characteristics: % patients per period of time: year range: 2004-2010: 12% (Median age: 67; % Haplo D: 0; No CR/CP: 23%); 2011-2015: 40% (Median age: 68; % Haplo D: 35%; No CR/CP: 39%); 2016-2018: 48% (Median age: 69; % Haplo D: 69%; No CR/CP: 42%); PBSC: 97%; Non Myeloablative/ Reduced toxicity conditioning: 35%/65%; All patients received Post-Transplant (PostT) CSA; PT Cyclophosphamide: 49%; Pre-Transplant ATG: 47%. Median follow-up: 17 (3-112) months; ANC recovery in 96%: 19 (10-44) days; untransfused platelet recovery above 20 in 75%: 17 (7-56) days. In evaluable patients for aGVHD: No: 58%; Grade 1: 13%; Grade 2: 14%; Grade 3: 10%; Grade 4: 4%; 85% patients were evaluable for cGVHD: No: 68%; limited: 17%; extensive:16%; 64 patients (25%) patients died from non-relapse mortality at a median of 122 days (13-3934): 2004-2010: 10/30 (33%); 2011-2015: 36/101 (25%); 2016-2018: 28/121 (23%); 53 patients relapsed/progressed at a median of 252 (30-2764) days. Three year overall and disease-free survivals are respectively of 56% (95% CI: 6.35-7.04) and 47% (95% CI: 7.17-7.55) without any difference according to age or donor type but with an impact of disease status (EFS: CR/CP 51% (95% CI: 8.7-9.5) vs others 38% ((95% CI: 11.9-12.0)) Overall these data show that allo HSCT is a valid option in older patients with high-risk malignancies. They show also that over a long period of time patient typology (more advanced diseases, older patients) and transplant practice (lower number of MSD) show a regular evolution making transplant realization more challenging. This field needs specific approach taking into account comorbidities, performance status and geriatric evaluation, to adapt treatment to every given patient. In this perspective we performed from 2015 in patients older than 65 years systematic and combined evaluation of comorbidities score, performance status and geriatric assessment (instrumental activity of daily living (AIDL); vulnerability assessment). Disclosures Chabannon: Sanofi SA: Other: research support, speaker's fees, hospitalities; Gilead: Other: speaker's fees, hospitalities; Novartis: Other: speaker's fees; Celgene: Other: speaker's fees; Terumo BCT: Other: speaker's fees; Miltenyi Biotech: Other: research support; Fresenius Kabi: Other: research support; EBMT: Other: Working Party Chair, Board member. Vey:Janssen: Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria. Blaise:Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria; Pierre Fabre medicaments: Honoraria; Molmed: Consultancy, Honoraria.

BACKGROUND Reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) combining fludarabine, busulfan and ATG is commonly used in patients with advanced age and/or comorbid conditions, thus deemed unfit for standard myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimens (i.e. BuCy or CyTBI12). Although non-relapse mortality (NRM) is dramatically reduced with RIC, relapse remains a major concern. In younger patients, myeloablative doses of busulfan in combination with fludarabine (i.e. myeloablative reduced toxicity conditioning [MA-RTC] regimen) produce similar antitumor effect compared with standard MAC while keeping low NRM. The feasibility of such an approach for older patients is not known. We hypothesized that a pharmacokinetics (PK) guided strategy could improve the safety of busulfan administration, allowing the use of myeloablative doses in older patients. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We compared the outcome of patients older than 55 years with hematological malignancies included in a prospective monocentric single arm trial (BxPK: NCT02483325) evaluating the feasibility of PK-guided busulfan doses in myeloablative conditioning regimen (BxPK group: fludarabine 150 mg/m² + IV busulfan targeted AUC 5300 x 4 days + ATG 5 mg/kg) before matched sibling (MSD) or unrelated (URD) donor AlloSCT, with a retrospectively enrolled control cohort of patients with same inclusion criteria, treated during the same period but receiving fixed busulfan dose RIC regimen including fludarabine (150 mg/m²), IV busulfan (260 mg/m²) and ATG (5 mg/kg) [Bx2 group]. The primary objective was 2-year progression-free survival (PFS). Hazard ratio of BxPK vs. Bx2 were adjusted by age, disease risk index (DRI), donor type and hematopoietic cell transplantation comorbidity index (HCT-CI). RESULTS We analyzed 83 consecutive patients (BxPK: n=27; Bx2: n=56) without significant difference in baseline characteristics between both conditioning groups. In the BxPK and Bx2 groups: median age was 65 (range: 57-70) and 63 (range: 55-70) years, respectively (p = 0.552); 10/10 URDs were used for 15 (56%) and 37 (66%) patients, respectively (p = 0.493); HCT-CI was ≥ 3 in 18 (67%) and 28 (50%) patients , respectively (p = 0.232); and DRI was high in 5 (19%) and 5 (9%) patients, respectively (p = 0.369). Based on PK data from day-6 busulfan administration, 22 (81%) patients had dose adjustment (increased and decreased dose in 12 and 10 patients, respectively) in the BxPK group. Median busulfan AUC on day-2 (post adjustment) was 5287 µmol.min (range: 3326-7556). Four patients had AUC > 6000 µmol.min on day-2. Grade 3-4 mucositis (BxPK vs Bx2: 52% vs. 11%, p < 0.001) and nausea (BxPK vs Bx2: 11% vs 0%, p = 0.050) were more frequently observed in the BxPk group. No difference was observed between BxPK and Bx2 patients in grade 3-4 liver (BxPK vs Bx2: 15% vs 11%, p = 0.810), renal (BxPK vs Bx2: 0% vs 1.8%, p = 1) and gastrointestinal tract (BxPK vs Bx2: 11% vs 0%, p = 0.450) toxicities. There was a trend to higher cumulative incidence of grades 2-4 acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) at 100 days in the BxPK group (BxPK vs Bx2: 41% vs 29%, p = 0.058) while no difference was observed in 2-year chronic GVHD (BxPK vs Bx2: 41% vs. 36%, p = 0.547). Those trends were confirmed by multivariate analyses (acute GVHD: HR 2.22, 95Cl [1.10-4.48], p = 0.026; chronic GVHD: HR 1.30, 95Cl [0.60-2.80], p=0.502) With a median follow up of 33 months (range: 9-60), 2-year NRM was 19% and 18% (p=0.960) in the BxPK and Bx2 group, respectively. Multivariate analysis confirmed the absence of significant increase in the risk of NRM in the BxPK group (HR 1.11, 95CI [0.36-3.45], p = 0.859). The 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse was 19% and 31% (p=0.269) in the BxPK and Bx2 group, respectively (HR 0.55, 95IC [0.20-1.56], p = 0.264). No significant difference in 2-year PFS (BxPK vs Bx2: 62% vs. 51%, p = 0.391) and OS (BxPK vs Bx2: 70% vs. 61%, p = 0.667) was observed. CONCLUSION In patients older than 55 years who are usually candidates for RIC regimen, the use of PK-guided busulfan myeloablative dose allows delivering higher antitumor intensity without increasing NRM. Beyond the feasibility, we observed low incidence of relapse (19%) and promising OS (70%) suggesting that conditioning intensification may lead to long term disease control. These trends need to be confirmed in a larger comparative study for validating the optimal conditioning intensity in older and/or unfit patients. Disclosures Stoppa: takeda: Other: travel fees; celgene: Other: travel fees, lecture fees. Vey:Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria. Chabannon:Novartis: Other: speaker's fees; Celgene: Other: speaker's fees; Sanofi SA: Other: research support, speaker's fees, hospitalities; Gilead: Other: speaker's fees, hospitalities; EBMT: Other: Working Party Chair, Board member; Fresenius Kabi: Other: research support; Miltenyi Biotech: Other: research support; Terumo BCT: Other: speaker's fees. Blaise:Pierre Fabre medicaments: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria; Molmed: Consultancy, Honoraria; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria.

Introduction Intestinal Graft-versus-Host Disease (GvHD), following allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (allo-HSCT), comes with a high mortality rate and a reduced life-expectancy. In this context, failure to respond to steroid therapy is associated with an absence of further therapeutic options, thereby representing an unmet medical need. A marked reduction in gut microbiota diversity leading to loss of functions was strongly associated with reduced overall survival in GvHD, while a high gut microbiota diversity appears to be protective. Aiming at restoring microbiome functions, Fecal Microbiota Transfer proved to be a promising treatment modality in this challenging clinical situation, with recent studies reporting favorable results in steroid refractory-acute GVHD (SR-aGvHD) patients. Here we report on the use of "MaaT013", a standardized, pooled-donor, high-richness microbiota biotherapeutic, used to treat 8 patients with intestinal-predominant aGvHD. Patients and methods Eight allo-HSCT recipients with steroid-dependent or steroid-refractory gastrointestinal GvHD (classical aGVHD n=3, late-onset aGVHD n=2; aGvHD with overlap syndrome n=3) were treated with the MaaT013 biotherapeutic as part of a compassionate use program. These patients had previously received and failed 1 to 5 lines (median 2.5) of GvHD systemic treatments. MaaT013 microbiota biotherapeutics were provided as a pharmaceutical preparation to hospitals by the developer, "MaaT Pharma". Each patient received 1 to 3 doses (median: 3; total doses administered: 21) of MaaT013, a 150 mL bag, by enema (n=7) or nasogastric tube (n=1). GvHD response was evaluated 7 days after each administration and 28 days after the first dose. Prepared under Good Manufacturing Practices, MaaT013 biotherapeutics are characterized by a highly consistent richness of 455 +/- 3% Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and an Inverse Simpson index greater than 20. Batch release specifications are based on potency (viability), identity (diversity), and purity (microbiological safety testing following regulatory guidelines and proportion of proinflammatory species), ensuring the desired consistency between batches. Results We observed 6/8 positive responses at D28 after first dosing, including 3 Complete Responses (CR), one Very Good Partial Response (VGPR), and 2 Partial Responses (PR). Considering the best GI response achieved, all (8/8) patients experienced at least a PR, with 3 CRs, 2 VGPRs and 3 PRs. The 3 patients with CR were still alive at last follow-up (60 to 192 days after last dosing; median: 115 days) and were able to taper and stop steroids and immunosuppressants without relapse of GI symptoms. Of note, among these 3 patients, mild mouth chronic GvHD symptoms persisted in one patient, and relapse of hematologic malignancy was observed in another patient. Among the 8 treated patients, 5 were still alive at last follow-up (60 to 232 days after last dosing; median: 125 days). The safety of the MaaT013 microbiota biotherapeutic was satisfactory in all patients. One patient developed a possibly related sepsis one day after the third MaaT013 administration. In the latter case, no pathogen was identified in blood cultures, and the patient recovered after a course of antibiotics. Conclusions We herein report for the first time the treatment of 8 patients with steroid-dependent or steroid-refractory intestinal aGvHD using a full ecosystem, standardized, pooled-donor, high-richness biotherapeutic. Overall, 3/8 patients attained a complete response following treatment with the off-the-shelf MaaT013 product, shown to be safe and effective in these immunocompromised patients with severe conditions, warranting further exploration of the full ecosystem microbiota restoration approach. Disclosures Malard: Sanofi: Honoraria; JAZZ pharmaceutical: Honoraria; Astellas: Honoraria; Therakos/Mallinckrodt: Honoraria; Keocyte: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria. Plantamura:MaaT Pharma: Employment. Carter:MaaT Pharma: Employment. Chevallier:Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; Incyte: Consultancy, Honoraria; Daiichi Sankyo: Honoraria. Blaise:Pierre Fabre medicaments: Honoraria; Molmed: Consultancy, Honoraria; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria. Mohty:Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria, Research Funding.

Introduction: allogeneic transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a curative treatment for patients with advanced lymphoma. Haploidentical (haplo-SCT) transplantation extended the accessibility to allo-HSCT, overcoming the issue of donor availability. However, alternative donor allo-HSCT is still considered at higher risk of non-relapse mortality due to the HLA disparity and thus an anticipated higher incidence of GVHD. In this context, the use of a non myeloablative conditioning (NMAC) regimen combined with post transplantation cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy) based GVHD prophylaxis may reduce procedure related toxicity. The aim was to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of haplo-SCT using NMAC with PT-Cy in advanced lymphoma patients. Methods: We here report the retrospective experience of a bicentric transplantation program. We analyzed a cohort of lymphoma patients undergoing Haplo-SCT and homogeneously receiving NMAC and PT-Cy. Inclusion criteria were: 1) first allo-HSCT for advanced lymphoma between 2009 and 2018; 2) haploidentical donor; 3) NMAC (fludarabine cyclophosphamide and 2 gray TBI GVHD prophylaxis consisted of PT-Cy day+3 and +4 , cyclosporine A and MMF starting from day +5. Multivariate analyses included age, disease type (NHL vs HL), HCT-CI (< vs ≥ 3), graft source (PBSC vs BM), disease status at haplo-SCT (CR vs other). Results: One hundred forty seven patients (73 NHL; 74 HL) with a median age of 46 years (range: 19-71) were included. PBSC (peripheral blood stem cell) was used as graft source in 96 patients (65%). Patients received a median number of 3 conventional chemotherapy lines before haplo-SCT (1-8). Sixty-five (44%) had relapse after Auto-HCT. At the time of haplo-SCT, 96 patients (66%) were in complete remission. The cumulative incidences of day+100 grade 2-4 and 3-4 acute GVHD were 30% and 3%, respectively. The cumulative incidences of 2-year chronic and moderate or severe chronic GVHD were 13% and 8%, respectively. With a median follow up of 39 months (6-114), 2-year NRM was 14%, with a trend for higher risk in patients with HCT-CI ≥ 3 (HR 0.39, 95CI [0.15-1.04] p = 0.061) while age was not associated with an increased risk of NRM (HR 1.01, 95CI [0.98-1.05], p = 0.450). Two-year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) was 21% and 18% in HL and NHL patients, respectively. Disease status at the time of haplo-SCT was strongly associated with relapse (HR 2.99, 95CI [1.41-6.35], p = 0.004) In HL patients, 2-year PFS, OS and GRFS were 65%, 77% and 57%, respectively, while corresponding values in NHL patients were 65%, 69% and 55%, respectively. Two-year PFS and GRFS were significantly higher in patients who underwent haplo-SCT in CR (PFS: CR vs. no CR: 72% vs. 55%, p=0.045; GRFS: CR vs. no CR: 63% vs. 42%, p=0.010). There was a trend for better 2-year OS in CR (OS: CR vs. no CR: 78% vs. 63%, p=0.063. Conclusion: We confirm the feasibility of haplo-SCT using NMAC and PT-Cy with low incidence of GVHD (notably severe forms) and NRM. In addition, we observed a relatively low incidence of relapse (19%) in this cohort of heavily pretreated patients, underlining a potent graft-versus-lymphoma effect after haplo-SCT, leading to promising survivals, including high rate of GRFS (>50%), suggesting a preserved long term quality of life in survivors. We conclude that NMAC haplo-SCT with PT-Cy should be considered as a valuable curative option for advanced lymphoma patients, with a favorable toxicity profile and promising long term survival. Figure Disclosures Stoppa: celgene: Other: travel fees, lecture fees; takeda: Other: travel fees. Carlo-Stella:MSD: Honoraria; BMS: Honoraria; Janssen: Other: Travel, accommodations; Boehringer Ingelheim: Consultancy; Genenta Science sr: Consultancy; Sanofi: Consultancy, Research Funding; ADC Therapeutics: Consultancy, Other: Travel, accommodations, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Servier: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel, accommodations; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Honoraria, Other: Travel, accommodations, Research Funding; Rhizen Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria; Takeda: Other: Travel, accommodations; Janssen Oncology: Honoraria; AstraZeneca: Honoraria. Chabannon:EBMT: Other: Working Party Chair, Board member; Fresenius Kabi: Other: research support; Miltenyi Biotech: Other: research support; Terumo BCT: Other: speaker's fees; Celgene: Other: speaker's fees; Novartis: Other: speaker's fees; Gilead: Other: speaker's fees, hospitalities; Sanofi SA: Other: research support, speaker's fees, hospitalities. Santoro:Takeda: Speakers Bureau; BMS: Speakers Bureau; Roche: Speakers Bureau; Abb-Vie: Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Speakers Bureau; Servier: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; AstraZeneca: Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Arqule: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Lilly: Speakers Bureau; Sandoz: Speakers Bureau; Eisai: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Speakers Bureau; Bayer: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; MSD: Speakers Bureau; BMS: Consultancy. Blaise:Sanofi: Honoraria; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; Molmed: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pierre Fabre medicaments: Honoraria.

The PICALM-MLLT10 fusion gene, generated by the t(10;11)(p12-13;q14-21) translocation, is a rare but recurrent event in acute leukemias. In this study, we assessed the characteristics and outcome of 18 PICALM-MLLT10 AML patients. As compared with non PICALM-MLLT10 patients (n=72), PICALM-MLLT10 AML were characterized by more frequent extramedullary diseases, CD7 expression and higher platelet counts. Three out of four therapy-related PICALM-MLLT10 AMLs had been previously treated for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The complete response rate was 71% after intensive chemotherapy. PICALM-MLLT10 patients had a shorter median overall survival than patients with favorable cytogenetics (12 months vs. not reached, p=0.07) but not significantly different from those of intermediate (26 months, p=0.32) or unfavorable cytogenetic groups (8 months, p=0.13). Long term responses were achieved in a subset of patients after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation but also after high-dose cytarabine.

l-asparaginase encapsulated within erythrocytes (GRASPA(®) ) should allow serum asparagine depletion over a longer period than the native form of the enzyme, using lower doses and allowing better tolerance. The GRASPALL 2005-01 study, a multicentre randomized controlled trial, investigated three doses of GRASPA(®) for the duration of asparagine depletion in a phase I/II study in adults and children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in first relapse. Between February 2006 and April 2008, 18 patients received GRASPA(®) (50 iu/kg: n = 6,100 iu/kg: n = 6, 150 iu/kg: n = 6) after randomization, and six patients were assigned to the Escherichia coli native l-asparaginase (E. colil-ASNase) control group. GRASPA(®) was effective at depleting l-asparagine. One single injection of 150 iu/kg of GRASPA(®) provided similar results to 8 × 10,000 iu/m(2) intravenous injections of E. colil-ASNase. The safety profile of GRASPA(®) showed a reduction in the number and severity of allergic reactions and a trend towards less coagulation disorders. Other expected adverse events were comparable to those observed with E. colil-ASNase and there was also no difference between the three doses of GRASPA(®) .

Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (allo-HCT) currently represents the only potentially curative therapy for patients affected by advanced Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL). Haploidentical HCT (haplo-HCT) allows virtually all patients to proceed to allo-HCT. We analyzed survival outcomes of 20 MCL patients who received haplo-HCT at Humanitas Cancer Center and Institut Paoli Calmettes between 2012 and 2017. Median age of patients at transplant was 64 years (range, 35-71). Ten of them (50%) relapsed after autologous transplantation, one patient relapsed after allo-HCT (HLA identical sibling), while 9 underwent directly haplo-HCT due to the high risk of relapse (primary refractory disease). All patients except one had chemosensitive disease at transplant (75% complete response, 20% partial response, 5% progressive disease). In 10 patients, novel drugs were used as bridge to transplant to obtain response (8 patients were treated with ibrutinib, one with lenalidomide and one with bortezomib). The hematopoietic-cell-transplantation comorbidity index (HCT-CI) was 0-1 in 4 patients, 2-3 in 12 patients and 4-5 in 4 of them. In 5 patients bone marrow was used as the source of stem cells, while the other 15 received peripheral blood stem cells. Sixteen patients received a nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen while 4 patients underwent a reduced intensity conditioning regimen. In all patients, post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy) was used as graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. Acute GVHD (aGVHD) was observed in 9 patients (grade I 2 patients, grade II 6 patients, grade III-IV 1 patient) at a median of 34 days from transplant (range, 21-80). The cumulative incidence of aGVHD grade 2-4 was 30% (95% CI, 12% to 51%) at 6 months. Three patients developed chronic GVHD (cGVHD) (1 mild, 1 moderate and 1 severe). The cumulative incidence at 2 years of moderate-severe cGVHD was 11% (95% CI, 2% to 30%). With a median follow-up of 22 months (range 5-73 months), relapse or progression were observed in 2 patients at a median of 6 months (range, 3-8 months) from haplo-HCT with a cumulative incidence of disease relapse/progression of 11% (95% CI, 2% to 29%) at 3 years. The GVHD-free/relapse-free survival (GRFS) at 1 year was 68% (95% CI, 42% to 84%). Three deaths were attributed to toxicity and occurred at a median of 123 days (range, 17-274 days) after transplant. The specific causes of death were: aGVHD, 1; infection, 1; cGVHD 1. The cumulative incidence of NRM was 16% (95% CI, 4% to 36%) at 3 years. The 3-years progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 73% (95% CI, 47% to 88%) and 71% (95% CI, 43% to 77%), respectively. Comparing this cohort with a similar cohort of 20 MCL patients who underwent allo-HCT from HLA identical sibling or unrelated donors in the same centers during the same time frame, the clinical outcomes (GRFS, NRM, PFS and OS) were not statistically different, even if there was a trend for better outcomes using haploidentical donor. In conclusion, our study suggests that haplo-HCT with PT-Cy in MCL patients is feasible and is associated with a low relapse rate and NRM, even in the era of new drugs. Figure. Figure. Disclosures Carlo-Stella: Bristol-Myers Squibb: Speakers Bureau; Sanofi: Consultancy; Genenta Science: Speakers Bureau; MSD Italia: Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Speakers Bureau; ADC Therapeutics: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; AstraZeneca: Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Speakers Bureau; Boehringher Ingelheim Italia: Consultancy; Rhizen Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding.

Prophylactic donor lymphocyte infusion after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for high-risk AML

Antithymocyte globulin is widely used before haematopoietic transplantation with HLA-matched unrelated donors or mismatched relatives to prevent rejection and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). However, optimal dosage is still under debate. Thirty-one consecutive children, mainly with haematological malignancies, were transplanted in a single institution with such donors, selected by HLA-A -B compatibility by serology and DRB1* by DNA typing. Antithymocyte globulin (Thymoglobuline; Sangstat) was infused at days -3, -2, -1. Total dosage varied: 16 patients received a median of 7.5 mg/kg (2.5 to 10.5: low-dose group), and 15 a median of 15.5 mg/kg (14.4 to 19.4: high-dose group). Post-transplant GVHD prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine, short-course methotrexate and steroids. CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD19(+) cell reconstitution was slower in the high-dose group. Median time to reach 100 CD4(+) cells was 8 months vs 4 months (P = 0.03). Median time to normal CD19(+) cells was 16 months vs 8 months (P = 0.01). CD16(+)CD56(+) and CD8(+) cell reconstitution was similar. Nine patients in the high-dose group and two in the low-dose group experienced life-threatening opportunistic infections (P = 0.009). Although obtained from a limited number of patients, our data suggest that a higher pre-graft dose of antithymocyte globulin may negatively influence immune reconstitution.

To the editor: We describe a successful salvage treatment with intensive chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation for a relapse of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) after single umbilical cord blood transplantation with a reduced intensity-conditioning regimen (RIC).[1][1],[2][2] The originality of this

Purpose Advanced systemic mastocytosis (SM), a fatal hematopoietic malignancy characterized by drug resistance, has no standard therapy. The effectiveness of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (alloHCT) in SM remains unknown. Patients and Methods In a global effort to define the value of HCT in SM, 57 patients with the following subtypes of SM were evaluated: SM associated with clonal hematologic non–mast cell disorders (SM-AHNMD; n = 38), mast cell leukemia (MCL; n = 12), and aggressive SM (ASM; n = 7). Median age of patients was 46 years (range, 11 to 67 years). Donors were HLA-identical (n = 34), unrelated (n = 17), umbilical cord blood (n = 2), HLA-haploidentical (n = 1), or unknown (n = 3). Thirty-six patients received myeloablative conditioning (MAC), and 21 patients received reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC). Results Responses in SM were observed in 40 patients (70%), with complete remission in 16 patients (28%). Twelve patients (21%) had stable disease, and five patients (9%) had primary refractory disease. Overall survival (OS) at 3 years was 57% for all patients, 74% for patients with SM-AHNMD, 43% for those with ASM, and 17% for those with MCL. The strongest risk factor for poor OS was MCL. Survival was also lower in patients receiving RIC compared with MAC and in patients having progression compared with patients having stable disease or response. Conclusion AlloHCT was associated with long-term survival in patients with advanced SM. Although alloHCT may be considered as a viable and potentially curative therapeutic option for advanced SM in the meantime, given that this is a retrospective analysis with no control group, the definitive role of alloHCT will need to be determined by a prospective trial.

Adenovirus infection remains an important cause of mortality after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Currently no efficient antiviral treatment is known. Thus, testing new modalities of early diagnosis and treatment is a crucial objective. Adenovirus infection is defined by the combination of symptoms and the isolation of virus from the source of clinical symptoms. The involvement of two or more organs and the presence of virus in blood cultures define disseminated disease. Seven children with a median age of 7 years received bone marrow transplantation for leukemia. All received an unrelated graft without T cell depletion. Adenovirus was sought in blood, urine and biopsy specimens using PCR and culture. Analysis of biopsy specimens included systematic immunohistochemistry. Cidofovir treatment was initiated as soon as biopsy revealed the histopathological signs of adenovirus. Cidofovir was given at 5 mg/kg once weekly for 3 weeks then every 2 weeks. Six patients had diarrhoea and one patient had cystitis. Adenovirus infection and disseminated disease were diagnosed in four cases and three cases, respectively. In six cases, serotype A31 was isolated from gastrointestinal biopsy and in two cases serotypes B2 and C6 were detected in blood and urine. Cidofovir treatment was associated with clinical improvement of diarrhoea, cystitis and fever in five patients, in whom the virus became undetectable in cultures and PCR analyses despite the persistence of immunodeficiency. The median follow-up was 360 days after BMT (240-570). One child died of invasive aspergillosis and another of disseminated adenovirus after interruption of cidofovir therapy. Further studies in immunocompromised patients will be needed to extend these promising results concerning the role of cidofovir in adenovirus infection.

International audience; BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was to assess the detection of circulating DNA from the most common species of Mucorales for early diagnosis of mucormycosis in at-risk patients. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated a combination of 3 quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays using hydrolysis probes targeting Mucor/Rhizopus, Lichtheimia (formerly Absidia), and Rhizomucor for circulating Mucorales detection. Serial serum samples from 10 patients diagnosed with proven mucormycosis (2-9 samples per patient) were analyzed. RESULTS: No cross-reactivity was detected in the 3 qPCR assays using 19 reference strains of opportunistic fungi, and the limit of detection ranged from 3.7 to 15 femtograms/10 µL, depending on the species. DNA from Mucorales was detected in the serum of 9 of 10 patients between 68 and 3 days before mucormycosis diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination and/or positive culture. All the qPCR results were concordant with culture and/or PCR-based identification of the causing agents in tissue (Lichtheimia species, Rhizomucor species, and Mucor/Rhizopus species in 4, 3, and 2 patients, respectively). Quantitative PCR was negative in only 1 patient with proven disseminated mucormycosis caused by Lichtheimia species. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that using specific qPCR targeting several species of Mucorales according to local ecology to screen at-risk patients could be useful in a clinical setting. The cost and efficacy of this strategy should be evaluated. However, given the human and economic cost of mucormycosis and the need for rapid diagnosis to initiate prompt directed antifungal therapy, this strategy could be highly attractive.

Background: While therapeutic outcomes in patients (pts) with acquired severe aplastic anemia (SAA) has greatly improved in recent years, results remain poor for pts who are refractory to first-line immunosuppressive therapy (IST) and lack a matched unrelated donor. We conducted a prospective multi-center phase II uncontrolled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of cord blood transplantation (CBT) in refractory SAA pts (NCT 01343953). Patients and methods: Pts with SAA refractory to IST with anti-thymocyte globuline (ATG) and ciclosporin (CsA) were eligible in case of no existing matched unrelated donor but available one or two unrelated CB units containing alone or both together more than 4 x 107/Kg frozen nucleated cells/Kg (no more than 2 out of 6 HLA mismatches allowed between each CB unit and the pts). Pts with isolated bone marrow cytogenetic abnormality (absence of morphologic evidence of myelodysplastic syndrome) were also eligible. The conditioning regimen consisted of fludarabine 30mg/m2 (D-6 to D-3), cyclophosphamide 30mg/kg (D-6 to D-3), ATG (thymoglobulin) 2.5mg/kg at D-3 and D-2 (5mg/Kg total dose) and total body irradiation (2 Gray) on D-2. All pts received one injection of anti-CD20 (150 mg/m2) to prevent EBV reactivation (D+5). CsA was given alone as prophylaxis for graft versus host disease (GVHD). The trial used the Fleming's Single Stage Phase II Design, with sample size computed to demonstrate an improved overall survival (OS) rate at one year from 20% up to 50%, with type I and type II error rates set at 0.05. A minimum sample of 25 pts was required, with a minimum number of 9 pts alive at one year needed to indicate treatment efficacy. Secondary endpoints included cumulative incidences (CumI) of engraftment, acute and chronic GVHD (aGVHD and cGVHD), infections, relapse and late cause of death. Results: 29 pts were included between June 2011 and October 2015. One pt was diagnosed with dyskeratosis congenita and a matched unrelated donor was identified for another pt between inclusion and anticipated date of CBT (exclusion criteria). One pt died before CBT due to a septic shock (D+4 after inclusion). Analyses were conducted in the remaining 26 pts. Median time between SAA diagnosis and CBT was 12 months (interquartile range (IQR) 8.7 to 17.8). All pts received at least one course of IST before CBT (2 courses, n=8). Twenty-three pts received 20 or more transfusions before CBT. BM karyotyping showed 2 pts respectively with monosomy 7 in 4 and 15 mitoses as well as one pt with trisomy 8 in 4 mitoses before CBT. Eight pts (31%) have a PNH clone (median 4.5% [IQR: 3.1-9.7]). Median age at time of CBT was 16 years (IQR 8.25 to 23) and median follow-up is 13.2 months (IQR 4.1 - 23.5). Three out of 26 pts incorrectly received twice the dose of ATG (10mg/Kg total dose) due to protocol violation. Sixteen pts received one CB and 10 received two CB units. Median number of nucleated cells infused was 3.7 x 107/Kg (IQR, 3-4.9) and CD34+ cells infused was 1.4 x 105/Kg (IQR, 1.0-1.9). Myeloid engraftment occurred in 23 pts, with a 60 day-CumI of neutrophil engraftment of 88.5% with full chimerism for all of them. Three pts did not engraft (2 deaths at D71 and D92 and one successful second HSCT). The 100 day-CumI of grade II-IV acute GVHD was 40% (95% CI, 20-60) (8 grade II; 0 grade III; 2 grade IV). Among the 23 pts alive at day 100, five developed cGVHD leading to a one-year CumI of cGVHD at 27% (95% CI, 7-47) (severe cGvHD in 2 pts). During follow-up, 8 pts experienced a total of 18 grade III infections with a 6-month CumI of 32% (95% CI, 13-51). None of the pts presented post-transplant EBV-related lymphoproliferative disorder. Immune reconstitution is shown in Figure 1. Three pts died before 1 year due to non-engraftment (n=2) and infection (n=1, one of those who received twice the dose of ATG). With 23 pts alive at 1 year, the primary objective of the study was thus reached. The one-year treatment related mortality (TRM) was 15% (95%CI, 4-35). One additional pt who had also received twice the dose of ATG died (severe cGvHD) after one year (at 13.6 months), resulting in a 14-month OS of 81% (95%CI, 66-100) (Figure 2). Conclusion: CBT with at least 4 x 107/Kg frozen nucleated cells/Kg after a FLU-CY-TBI-ATG conditioning regimen gave rise to very encouraging results in this particular high risk SAA refractory population. Pediatric and young adult SAA pts who are refractory to first-line IST should now be considered either way for matched unrelated donor or CBT. Disclosures Peffault de Latour: Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Alexion: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding.

Background Although allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) is a curative option to treat hematologic malignancies, disease recurrence remains a concern in the setting of high risk diseases. Thus, post alloSCT therapeutic strategies are needed to treat and/or prevent disease progression. In this setting, donor lymphocytes infusion (DLI) is an option as post alloSCT immunotherapy aiming to enhance graft versus leukemia (GVL) effect. Although DLI may induce persistent remission, graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a potential complication following DLI. Because of the suspected higher incidence of GVHD in the presence of HLA mismatches, few series focused on DLI following haploidentical stem cell transplantation (HaploSCT) so far. We therefore report our experience of DLI following HaploSCT using post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy) platform. Methods: We included in this single center study all consecutive adult patients with hematological malignancies who received DLI after HaploSCT with PT-Cy as part of GVHD prophylaxis from 2013 to 2016 (n=21). Conditioning regimens were non-myeloablative (low dose TBI-based) or with reduced toxicity (various dose of busulfan according to disease and patient characteristics). Ciclosporine A and mycophenolate mofetil were given as additional GVHD prophylaxis in all cases. DLI were given at escalating doses, expressed as CD3+cells/kg, without GVHD prophylaxis, and ranged from 1x105 to 5x107 cells/kg. Results: Eleven patients (52%) were transplanted for high risk disease according to the disease risk index (DRI, Armand et al., blood 2015). Twelve patients (57 %) received haploSCT in complete remission,.18 patients received first transplant and 3 patients their second transplant. After HaploSCT, 21 patients (median age: 56 years [range: 23-73]) received either therapeutic (treatment of hematological post transplantation relapse, n=6) or prophylactic (n=15) DLI. The median interval from HaploSCT to the first DLI was 128 days (range: 79-1011). The average number of DLI per patient was 1.8 (range, 1-3). Clinical characteristics are outlined in Table 1. Patients with AML and MDS received DLI alone (n = 13) or in association with azacytidine (n = 2). Patients with MM received DLI in association with Revlimid (n=3). Chimerism before first DLI was complete in 19 patients. 6 patients (33%) developed post DLI GVHD in a median time of 42 days (range: 30-210) with exclusively chronic features. 2 patients (9 %) had severe forms of chronic GVHD. GVHD-related death occurred in 1 patient No response was achieved when DLI were given as therapeutic and 4 of 6 patients died from disease progression. Otherwise, only 3 of 16 patients who received prophylactic DLI experienced relapse. With a median follow up of 129 days, overall survival was 63%. Conclusion Our study suggests that DLI following HaploSCT with PT-Cy is feasible. GVHD is frequent but with a relatively low incidence of severe forms. No response rate was achieved in the context of hematological relapse, underlining that preemptive or prophylactic strategy might be preferred. Indeed, the overall good outcome in patients receiving prophylactic DLI is promising taking into account the poor prognostic of the diseases indicated for alternative donor transplantation. Further prospective studies are needed in specific disease settings to assess the benefit for using such post alloHSCT immune-intervention. Table 1 Table 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

T-replete Haplo-HSCT is presently a major evolution in the field of allo-HSCT. Despite we miss prospective evaluation, we are faced to a high pace of diffusion worldwide. We however need to collect informations on many aspects. In this abstract we report an analysis of the early events and organ toxicities in the first patients transplanted in our program. Between 2011 and 2015, 117 patients treated for hematologic malignancy, receiving a Haplo-HSCT and post-transplant high dose cyclophosphamide (PT-HDCY) with a minimal follow-up of 100 days were analyzed. All organ toxicities were graded according to WHO scale and only grade 3-4 toxicities were analyzed: impact of age, Hematopoietic transplant comorbidity index (HCT-CI) and conditioning regimen were analyzed in this first step evaluation. Median age was 56 (19-73) and 58% were males (M/M: 35%; M/F: 21%; F/M: 23%; F/F: 21%; Donor origin: Sibling: 43%; offspring: 45%; Mother: 9%; Father: 3%). Patients were transplanted for: Acute Leukemia (AL): 32%; Non-AL myeloid malignancies: 19%; Lymphoma: 36%; Non-lymphoma Lymphoid malignancies: 13%. Patients were at high risk of both relapse (48% of active disease at the time of Haplo-HSCT, Disease risk index: low: 8%; Intermediate: 59%; high/very high: 33%) and non-relapse mortality [NRM] (65% had HCT-CI of 3 or more). Conditioning regimens were non-myeloablative TBI-based (NMAC), busulfan-based reduced intensity (RIC) and busulfan-based myeloablative conditioning (MAC) in 68%, 10% and 22%, respectively. PBSC were infused in 89% of the patients. Graft CD34/CD3 cells: 5.2 (0,8-14,8) / 261 (27-629) x 10e6/kg. Seventeen (15%) pts received a previous allo-HSCT and 7 (6%) pts with AL were included in a sequential debulking-transplant strategy. One-year overall survival, PFS and GRFS were 85%, 78% and 55%. Graft failure occurred in 3 pts (all with positive donor specific antibodies). Others reached ANC>0.5 G/L and platelet count>20G/L in a median time of 20 (14-38) and 31 (10-395) days post Haplo-HSCT. Day-100 cumulative incidence of grade 2-4 and 3-4 acute GVHD were 24% and 7%, respectively. Grade 3-4 WHO toxicities within 100 days: Pulmonary: 31%; Cardiac: 23%; Liver: 20%; Cystitis: 14%; mucositis: 12%; renal: 8%. 14 patients (12%) died within 100 days at a median of 40 (2-84) days (9 (9%) of the 100 patients with first and 5 (29%) of 17 patients with previous allo-HSCT). Causes of NRM were (n patients): infection: 6; Cardiac: 4; GVHD: 2; Neurologic: 2. In a multivariate analysis, grade 3-4 3-4 OMS cardiac toxicity occurred more frequently in pts older than 60 (HR: 0.42 (0.17-1.0), p=0.05, Figure 1A) and both oral mucositis (HR: 0.22 (0.06-0.72), p=0.01) and liver toxicity (HR: 0.32 (0.12-0.89), p=0.03) in patients treated with busulfan-based conditioning (Figure 1B). Seventy-nine (68%) patients experienced bacterial infection, 56 (48%) viral reactivation and 14 (12%) fungal infections. Pts older than 60 experienced more frequent bacterial infection than others (82% vs 58%: p=0.01, Figure 1A). In conclusion, this retrospective analysis suggests a higher incidence of peculiar organ toxicity as cardiac and bladder deserving further analysis. It also suggests that in a high-risk population (second allo-HSCT:15%; patients over 60 years: 38%; HCT-CI≥3: 65%; High/Very high DRI: 33%; transplanted with active disease: 48%early NRM is somehow limited allowing further development at the condition to take into account the main factors leading to these toxicities and to develop adapted care. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Introduction: The conditioning regimen (CR) is crucial for outcome and disease control after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT). Especially high risk and older patients (pt) represent a major challenge because of the need to intensify the CR for better disease control and the risk of regimen related toxicity. Busulfan (Bu)-based CR are widely used for AHSCT and pharmacokinetic (PK) studies have established that an optimal therapeutic window for a delivered high dose Bu exists. Bu Pk directed dosing targeting a per day area under the curve (AUC) may further optimize the antitumor effect and minimize toxicity. However, reported PK procedures are not optimal either using a test dose (Andersson Blood 2004) or done on the first administration day (d) allowing to get the results just before the 3rd administration in a 4 d Bu schedule and leaving only 2 d for adaptation with potential high variations. We report here the results of an ongoing prospective monocentric study evaluating the efficacy and toxicity of a myeloablative (MA) CR with iv Bu dose adjustment by PK analysis following an original schedule. Patients and methods: From December 2014 to July 2016, 13 pt over the age of 55 years were included. All received a GCSF mobilized peripheral blood stem cell graft from a HLA identical 6/6 matched sibling or 10/10 matched unrelated donor (MUD). CR consisted in Fludarabine 30 mg/m2 given once daily on d -6 to -2 which each infusion followed immediately once daily by iv Bu for 4 d and Thymoglobuline 2.5 mg/kg on d -3 and -2.Graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis was assured by cyclosporine A. The first dose of Buat d -6 was 130 mg/m2 given over 3 hours followed by 3 dose adjusted administrations on d -4 to -2 after 1 d of rest at d -5. Blood samples were drawn for each pt at d -6 and -2 for a total of 12 samples: just before the start of the Bu infusion, 15 minutes after the end of the infusion and then at 2, 4, 6 and 9 hours. PK parameters and AUC calculation were performed by compartimental analysis using Kinetic Pro software. Bu doses were adjusted at d -4 to -2 to achieve an average daily AUC of 5300 µM.min. Adjustments were made if the first-dose AUC was below or above the target interval of 4770-5830. The samples at d -2 were analyzed to control the BuSE after the 4 infusions and to determine the real AUC obtained. Results: Ten of the 13 pt enrolled were evaluable. Median age was 63 years (range, 57-68). Diagnosis was acute leukemia in 6 pt [4 ALL, 2 AML], multiple myeloma in 2 pt, and myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative syndrome in 1 pt respectively. Disease risk according to Armand (Blood 2014) was intermediate in 8 and high in 2 pt [MPS, ALL]. Seven pt were in complete remission at time of transplant [5 CR1, 2 CR2], 2 pt in partial remission [1 PR1, 1 VGPR] and 1 pt with SMP in accelerated phase. The comorbidity index according to Sorror was 3 (range, 0-7). Donors were siblings in 6 and MUD in 4 pt. Bu dose adjustment was performed in 7 pt, whereas 5 pt required an increase and 2 pt a decrease in dose to achieve the average target AUC of 5300 (table 1). The remaining 3 pt did not require dose adjustments as their first Bu dose AUC felt within the target range. The median AUC at the first Bu dosing was 4894 (range, 3477-6759). After Bu dose adjustment, the final BuSE at the last dosing showed 5 pt with increased AUC outside the range, from whom the 3 pt who did not require dose adjustment. The median AUC at the last Bu dosing was 5330 (range, 4335-5987). Most common toxicities were transient grade 1-3 mucositis, enteritis and liver transaminases or bilirubin elevation. All pt engrafted with a median time to neutrophil recovery to an ANC > 500 x 106/L of 15 d (range, 11-21) and to platelet > 20 x 109/L (range, 8-19) of 14 d. Two pt developed grade 1 acute GVHD and 1 pt showed overlap GVHD. With a median follow up of 180 d (range, 30-573) no regimen related mortality occurred. Three pt with ALL relapsed at a median time of 127 d (range, 72-183). Conclusion: Despite the small pt population and the short follow-up, the preliminary results of our study shows the feasibility and safety a high dose Bu MA CR in older pt with comorbidities and different hematologic malignancies. Bu PK guided dose escalation was not associated with severe acute toxicities or early regimen related mortality. Strategies to target BuSE individually according to disease risk and integrate early posttransplantation drug interventions associated with donor lymphocyte infusions may further prevent relapse. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Introduction: Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is often the only curative treatment for a part of patients with malignant or benign hematological disorders. The availability of a HLA matched related or unrelated donor remains a major obstacle which can be resolved by the presence of alternative donors, like umbilical cord blood, partially matched unrelated or haploidentical family donors. T cell repleted SCT using haploidentical donors (H-SCT) has considerably improved over the last years due to better control of Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) using post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCY). Our study aims to shed light on the interest of chimerism evaluation after H-SCT and to elucidate the cause of graft failure (GF) in our H-SCT recipients. Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 179 patients (pts) who received a H-SCT in our center from august 2009 to march 2016. The pts characteristics are reported in Table 1 and 2. One hundred sixty pts received a Reduced Intensity (RIC) and 19 pts a MyeloAblative Conditioning (MAC) regimen. Twenty-eight pts had refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. All pts received PTCY on days 3 and 4 and Ciclosporine A and mycophenolate of mofetil since day 5 for GVHD prophylaxis. Twenty pts received H-SCT for relapse after a first SCT with a HLA identical donor. Stem cell sources were bone marrow (BM) for 19 pts, peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) for 157 pts and BM+PBSC for 3 pts. The donors were children (79 daughters sons), parents (4 fathers, 14 mothers), family members (75 siblings, 1 cousin, 1 nephew) and 5 unknown. Chimerism analysis: The peripheral blood CD3 positive cells were selected using the kit Human CD3 Positive selection (Stemcell) and genotyping was performed with the PowerPlex 18D System (Promega), a multiplex STR system allowing the co-amplification of 18 loci. DSAs (donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies): The DSAs were identified with the use of highly sensitive solid-phase immunoassays. Desensitization therapy with Bortezomib, Rituxan and plasmapheresis was performed in two patients with a high level of DSAs. Results: Chimerism could be evaluated in 167 patients, where 162 had ≥ 98% of donor cells at a median time of 35 d post-transplant (range 15-170) without secondary GF. One patient suffering from sickle disease had stable mixed chimerism (82% donor). Only 4 pts had primary GF (2%), all of donor-recipient pairs were ABO compatible, all of them received a Baltimore conditioning whereas 2 pts had BM as SC source. Recipients with PBSC as SC source had poor CD34+ cells infused (1,2 and 2,3 x 106/kg). One of the 4 pts had a high level of DSAs. A patient with mycosis fungoide had secondary GF after relapse (PBSC/DSAs negative). One patient with a high level of DSAs (78%) had a primary graft failure. Two pts with a high level of DSAs who were desensitized by the described procedure. Forty-five patients had a positive anti-HLA antibody no specific to donor with a median level of 3% (range: 1-45%) with no impact on engraftment (Anti-HLA antibody class I in 30 pts, class II in 11 pts and mixed in 4 pts). The median number of CD34+ cell count was 5,2x 106/kg (range: 1,3-17) in 160 pts who had PBCS as SC source. With a median follow up of 532 d (range: 164-1587d), 123 pts are alive and 116 of them are in CR. Conclusion: Full donor chimerism is obtained in almost all pts after T cell repleted H-SCT with PTCY. Primary graft failure occurred principally in pts with high levels of DSAs and poor graft CD34+ cells. Chimerism analysis post H-SCT is not crucial and might focus on a small group of high-risk pts. Detection of DSAs is crucial in HLA mismatched transplants not only to select the most appropriate donor but also to include a pre-transplantation strategy of desensitization to minimize the risk of graft failure. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Introduction Allogeneic transplantation from a haploidentical donor (HaploSCT) is an alternative strategy in the treatment of hematologic malignancies in absence of HLA-identical donor. Recent studies reported similar outcome after HaploSCT compared to HLA-identical transplantation in different settings (Bashey, JCO 2013; Wang, Blood 2015; Gosh, JCO 2016). Although survivals seemed promising after HaploSCT, hematopoietic recovery following such a mismatched transplantation could represent a limitation. Thus, our series aims to evaluate hematological recovery after HaploSCT using a post transplantation cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy) platform. Methods This retrospective monocentric study included consecutive patients with following criteria: adults with hematological malignancies; bone marrow or peripheral blood T-replete HaploSCT from 2011 to 2015; non-myeloablative (Baltimore approach) or reduced intensity conditioning (busulfan-based) regimen; PT-Cy as part of GVHD prophylaxis. Patients with primary graft failure were excluded. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC), red cells (RCT) or platelet transfusion (PT) requirements on day 30 (D30) and day 100 (D100) were analyzed among disease-free patients. We first separately evaluated the rate of patients with significant cytopenia in each lineage (defined by ANC < 1 G/L, RCT need, PT need) and searched for impact of pre-transplantation factors on cytopenia (multivariate analyses by binary logistic regression). Then, we evaluated outcome by D30- and D100-landmark analyses according to cytopenia. Results One hundred and forty six patients with a median age of 56 years (range: 19-73) were analyzed: 142 and 117 were evaluable at D30 (4 early deaths) and D100 (17 deaths, 11 relapses), respectively. At D30, 20% of patients had ANC At D30: the use of PBSC (HR 9.5, p=0.002) was significantly associated with ANC>1G/L at D30; the use of NMAC Baltimore schema (HR 0.3, p=0.012) and CD34+ cell dose > median (HR 0.4, p=0.041) decreased PT needs while hematopoietic cell transplantation comorbidity index (HCT-CI)≥3 (HR 3.3, p=0.004) was associated with PT needs; no factor was found to significantly influence RCT. At D100: Age>60 years (HR 2.4, p=0.045), female to male HaploSCT (HR 3.3, p=0.020) and HCT-CI≥3 (HR 3.7, p=0.006) were significantly associated with higher risk of RCT need; female to male HaploSCT (HR 3.6, p=0.015) and HCT-CI≥3 (HR 6.9, p=0.001) were associated with PT needs; no factor was found to significantly influence ANC. With a median follow up of 25 months (range: 5-55), cox multivariate model with adjustment by age (continuous), disease risk index (low/intermediate vs high/very high), HCT-CI (0-2 vs ≥3), conditioning regimen (baltimore vs. busulfan-based) and graft source (bone marrow vs PBSC) showed that ANC Discussion We found that cytopenia remain a concern after HaploSCT, leading to increased NRM and OS. The absence of ANC>1G/L at D30 as well as the need of PT at D100 may be considered as a strong post transplantation factor predicting poor outcome. Some pre-transplantation factors of cytopenia have been identified, such as CD34+ cell dose, sex mismatch and graft source. Among them, some may help for donor selection while the optimal donor for HaploSCT is still unknown. Moreover, better neutrophil recovery at D30 is achieved with the use of PBSC. CD34+ optimal cell dose in this setting remains also to be determined. In addition, post transplantation events such GVHD and/or infections should be evaluate to explore their interactions with such cytopenia, aiming to develop early therapeutic interventions. Figure 1 Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 2. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Background: Since the first publication at the John Hopkins Hospital, (Luznik et al. BBMT 2008), Haploidentical T-cell replete Stem Cell Transplantation (HaploSCT) with post transplantation cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy) has become a reproducible and feasibility therapeutic option for many patients (pts) with hematologic malignancies , notably because of the low incidence of GVHD and infections, without increased graft failure. Initially, bone marrow (BM) was considered as the favorite source of hematopoietic stem cells in order to minimize the risk of GVHD. In a retrospective study, we previously showed no difference in terms of increased events (GVHD, NRM), regardless of the hematopoietic stem cell source (PBSC or BM) (Castagna et al. BMT 2014). Some recent publication seems to confirm this observation (Sugita J. BBMT 2015 , Solomon R. Adv in Hem. 2016), although no randomized study so far has been conducted. Here, we retrospectively analyze the incidence and the characteristics of GVHD in the setting of HaploSCT using PT-Cy, after infusion of PBSC. Methods: Inclusion criteria were: adult pts with hematologic malignancies receiving a PBSC HaploSCT from 2012 to 2015 in 4 centers (3 in France and 1 in Italy) with PT-Cy as part of the GVHD prophylaxis. PBSC infusion at day 0 was followed by PT-Cy 50 mg/kg on days +3 and +4 in association with calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporine A or Tacrolimus) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), started at day +5. All patients received G-CSF support from day+5 until neutrophil recovery. Study end points were the cumulative incidences of acute (a) and chronic (c) GVHD, with a specific organ grading evaluation, non-relapse mortality (NRM), relapse (CIR) as well as progression free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Additionally, we analyzed the composite endpoint "GVHD and relapse free survival" (GFRS) for which the occurrence of relapse, death or severe chronic GVHD was considered as relevant events. Correlation between CD 34+ and CD 3+ and the incidence of aGVHD and cGVHD was studied by a linear continuous variable. Results: Between March 2012 and December 2015, 192 pts with a median age of 57 years (range: 16-73) received T-cell replete PBSC HaploSCT for hematologic malignancies (myeloid: n= 55%; lymphoid: n=45%) in 4 centers. Patient's characteristics are shown in table 1. Pts received non myeloablative (according to Baltimore regimen) or busulfan-based reduced intensity conditioning, in 56% and 44% of cases, respectively. All, but 3 pts, engrafted, with a median time of 19 days (range, 14-47) to neutrophil recovery (ANC >500 x106/L) and 22 days (range, 14-252) to platelet recovery (PLT > 20 G x 109/L). The median CD34+ x 106/Kg and CD3+ x 106/Kg cells infused were 5.5 (range, 1.5-14.8) and 404 (range, 38-704), respectively. No relevant correlation was observed between the CD34+ and CD3+ infused cells and the incidence of GVHD, studied by linear continues variable. We noted only a trend to develop severe cGVHD with an increasing number of CD3+ cells infused. This result has to be considered with caution, because of the small events (6 pts affected by severe cGVHD). Complete donor T cell chimerisme was evaluable in 162 pts (83%) and achieved by day +30. The incidence of aGVHD was 38% at 100 days (all grades), whereas grade II-IV and III-IV were 24% and 10%, respectively. Concerning patients with aGVHD grade 2-4, the most affected organ was skin (19%), followed by gut (9%) and liver (2%). The incidence of 3-year cGVHD according to NIH classification was 15% (all grades). Three percent of pts developed severe cGVHD (lung n=1; liver, n=1). The most frequent involved organs were skin and mucosae (70%). No patient showed gut cGVHD. Finally, in univariate analysis, busulfan-based conditioning seems to negatively impact on severe cGVHD (p = 0.03; HR=3.37 [1.09 -10.46]) After a median follow up of 20 (range, 4 - 52) months, NRM at 100 days and 1 year was 10% and 20%, respectively. Three-year OS, PFS, CIR and GRFS were 63%, 55%, 25% and 49%, respectively. Conclusion: This retrospective study shows a very low incidence of severe cGVHD after HaploSCT even with PBSC as stem cell source, suggesting that the use of PT-Cy may overcome the anticipated increased incidence of cGVHD, contrary to as previously reported in the HLA identical setting (Mohty et al. Leukemia 2003). Similar to HLA identical sibling and unrelated donor transplantation, the most frequent organs involved are skin and mucosae Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Background : Bacterial infections (BI) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients treated for hematological malignancies, especially those with acute myeloblastic leukemia or receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Despite severe neutropenia and prolonged treatment with corticosteroids, there are little published data on BI during induction chemotherapy in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Between 2006 and 2014, 787 adult patients were included in the GRAALL-2005 study, a prospective, randomized and multicenter phase III trial for patients newly diagnosed patients with Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-cell precursor (BCP) or T-cell ALL. We retrospectively reviewed the occurrence of BI during induction treatment in these patients. Patients and Methods: The GRAALL-2005 study evaluated the value of hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide in the whole study population and of rituximab in patients with CD20+ BCP-ALL. All patients received a 5-drug induction therapy with corticosteroids (prednisone) for 21 days, associated with vincristine, daunorubicin, cyclophosphamide and L-asparaginase. A broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment effective on Gram-negative and positive germs was recommended when the neutrophil count was less than 0.5 G/L. Pneumocystis prophylaxis was made by trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole or pentamidine. Results: During induction chemotherapy, 270 of the 787 patients (34.3%) experienced a total of 376 BI episodes (1.4 BI episodes per patient). The BI incidence rate was higher in the subgroup of patients combining hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide and rituximab as compared to those who received standard-dose cyclophosphamide and no rituximab (40.7% versus 29.5%; p=0.098). The median time from the first day of induction therapy to BI diagnosis was 10 days (range, 7-14). The infection was considered as serious in 58 patients, with a diagnosis of septic shocks in 57. Forty-one patients were transferred in intensive care unit. At 50 days after induction initiation, 22 patients had died from BI: 8.1% of patients with BI and 2.8% of all patients. Bloodstream was the most common site (82.7%), followed by gastrointestinal tract (6.5%) and lungs (6.5%). In less than 2% of cases, skin and soft tissues, central venous catheter, or urinary tract was concerned. Infections with Gram-positive cocci predominated as the etiology of microbiologically documented infections (46.9%), more specifically coagulase-negative Staphylococci. E. coli and Pseudomonas species were the most common Gram-negative organisms (40.5%). The patients received a median number of 3 antibiotics. The first-line was a monotherapy in 57% of cases, with the predominant use of betalactam. In one-third of the cases, it was betalactam in combination with aminoglycoside or glycopeptide. More than 2 antibiotics were prescribed in 12% of cases. Conclusion: Induction chemotherapy in adults with ALL is associated with a high incidence of bacterial infections and a significant related mortality. To our knowledge, this report is the only large adult ALL study dealing with bacterial infectious complications during induction chemotherapy. Despite an intensely myelosuppressive chemotherapy regimen, the infection-related mortality seems to be lower than that reported during induction in acute myeloid leukemia. Predictive risk factors for bacterial infections have to be analyzed, as well as prophylactic/empirical antibiotic strategies in order to improve care for this subset of patients. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

INTRODUCTION: Relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) remains a major therapeutic challenge: outcome is very poor, without curative option in most cases. Second alloHSCT may be considered in few selected patients because of anticipated limitations: 1) donor availability; 2) high toxicity due to previous treatments; 3) low efficacy considering the very advanced disease situation. We hypothesized that the use of post transplantation Cyclophosphamide (pCY) haplo-SCT may be an interesting alternative to overcome these limitations. In particular, the presence of full haplotype HLA mismatch could provide a decisive antileukemic effect relative to alloreactivity. In absence of large series in this setting, we report here the outcome after HaploSCT for patients who relapse after a first alloHSCT. METHODS: We retrospectively studied adult patients, who received a second pCy Haplo-SCT for hematological malignancies. Patients were treated between 2009 and 2016. The objective was to assess both the feasibility and the efficacy of HaploSCT in this setting. RESULTS: Twenty seven patients were included: median time between first alloHSCT and relapse was 11 months (range: 1-82). Median age at second transplantation was 49 years old (range: 21-61). Most of patients had acute myeloid leukemia (n=12, 44%) or Hodgkin lymphoma (n=6 patients, 22%). Fifteen patients (55%) were in complete remission at the time of pCY Haplo-SCT. Hematopoietic cell transplantation-comorbidity index was ≥ 3 in 20 patients (74%). Thirteen patients (48 %) received non-myeloablative conditioning regimen (as Baltimore schema, Luznik et al. BBMT 2008) prior to HaploSCT while remaining patients received busulfan-based regimen. Day+100 cumulative incidence of grade 2 to 4 and 3 to 4 acute GVHD was 15% and 7%. 2-year cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD was 12%. The cumulative incidence of non-relapse mortality and relapse at 2 years were 38% and 27%, respectively. With a median follow up of 25 months (range: 4-63), 2-year progression-free and overall survivals were 36% and 39%, respectively. Disease status at the time of HaploSCT was a major determinant for outcome. Indeed, 2-year NRM and OS were 58% and 25% in patients transplanted with active disease, respectively, while corresponding values in patients transplanted in CR were 21% (p=0.036) and 49% (p=0.041), respectively (Figure 1A and 1B). CONCLUSION: We can conclude that in selected patients who could be candidate for second transplantation, HaploSCT is feasible and may represent a curative option. The overall incidence of relapse of 27% is promising in this situation for which no alternative for cure is available, with relatively good survival in patients transplanted in CR. However, the very high NRM (58%) in refractory patients should make us consider second transplant with caution in this setting. For these patients, specific developments are needed to avoid procedure-related toxicity. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

International audience; Digestive cryptosporidiosis (DC) can mimic GVHD after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), thus requiring a reduction of immunosuppressive drugs and a specific therapy, whereas GVHD requires an intensification of immunosuppression. We systematically searched for cryptosporidiosis by light microscopy, immunochromatography and PCR in HSCT recipients who presented with at least one episode of diarrhoea. Of 115 consecutive patients allografted between July 2006 and November 2008, we analysed stools in 52 of 56 patients meeting these criteria. We identified Cryptosporidium parvum in 5 of the 52 patients (9.6%) at a median of 503 days (range 20-790) after HSCT. In those five patients, the median CD4+ cell and B lymphocyte counts were 60/mm3 (0-234) and 0/mm3 (0-96), respectively. Two patients died of invasive fungal infections. In the other three patients, diarrhoea disappeared after a median of 5 weeks following onset of bitherapy with azithromycine and nitazoxanide; they were still alive 433, 380 and 1179 days after the DC diagnosis. DC is probably under diagnosed after HSCT because it is difficult to detect during the asymptomatic phase. Early bitherapy and reduction of immunosuppression seem efficacious. In our series, DC has a seasonal pattern and is promoted by profound T lymphopenia.

International audience; BACKGROUND: There is limited information regarding the efficacy and long term safety of intrathecal injection of liposomal cytarabine in leukemic or lymphomatous meningitis. DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied 20 consecutive HIV-negative patients with leukemic or lymphomatous meningitis who were treated with intrathecal liposomal cytarabine between 2004 and 2007. We focused on efficacy and on any late effects of the drug. RESULTS: Twenty patients who received intrathecal liposomal cytarabine injection as part of their treatment; of these, 9 were alive and in complete remission at the end of the study. Median survival from the time of the first injection was 22.7 months (range, 0.5 to 64 months). Short-term toxicity related to intrathecal of liposomal cytarabine was observed in 2 cases; headache in 1 case and regressive facial palsy and diplopy in 1 case. Long-term toxicity was seen in 2 cases; clinical symptoms were urinary and fecal dysfunction with confusion in 1 case, and urinary dysfunction in 1 case. Both patients had been heavily pre-treated with neurotoxic drugs and neuraxis irradiation. CONCLUSION: In our experience, intrathecal liposomal cytarabine injections were convenient in the management of leukemic and lymphomatous meningitis, and can lead to long-term survival. Although neurotoxicity was rare, clinicians should exercise caution when retreatment is required in relapsing patients.

Early immune reconstitution and efficient graft vs tumor effect after unrelated partially matched double cord blood transplantation in refractory 8p11 syndrome