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With the rapid growth of renewable energy generation, curtailment condition of wind and photovoltaic power has grown significantly and become a serious problem. In this context, this paper proposes a new method to evaluate renewable power accommodation capability based on typical scenario construction. Improved FCM clustering algorithm is used to screen raw photovoltaic and wind power generation data and construct different generation scene to improving the accuracy and efficiency of computation. The renewable energy accommodation capabilities of different typical scenarios were assessed in this paper. Taking province in east China as an example, renewable power accommodation capabilities of typical scenarios in 2018 are assessed. The simulation results show that the optimization method based on typical scenario construction can promote the efficiency and validity of renewable energy accommodation capability assessment.

As the thin film silicon solar cell technology reaches a pivotal point to keep competing in the photovoltaic industry where crystalline silicon and other technologies currently dominate, it has become an urgent task to revolutionize some of its state-of-the-art key processes which have reached their cost barriers for decades. We have devised a more cost-effective method for mass production of transparent front electrodes for thin film silicon solar modules. It involves sputtering deposition and a novel surface-texturization process. The new method produces microscopic U-shaped surface textures of aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) and other transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) which lead to higher open circuit voltages, higher fill factors, and comparable short circuit current densities for microcrystalline and micromorph silicon solar cells. We experimentally demonstrate that solar cells using these TCO front electrodes reach comparable efficiency levels to those using any other commercialized TCO electrodes suchasfluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and boron-doped zinc oxide (BZO). An analysis shows that the manufacturing costs of the new method can be significantly lower than those of the commercial counterparts. The possibilities brought about by this method may pave a new path for future developments of thin film silicon solar cells. (C) 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

To investigate the effects of quercetin on intestinal barrier disruption and inflammation in acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) in rats, and its possible mechanism.ANP was established by retrograde injection of 3.5% sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct, and quercetin (50 mg/kg × 3) was administered by intraperitoneal injection prior to and after ANP induction. Pancreatitis was assessed by pancreatic histopathology, plasma amylase, pancreatic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, IL-1β, TNFα and IL-6 levels. Injury of the distal ileum was assessed by histological evaluation. The ultrastructural changes of ileal epithelial cells were examined by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Intestinal barrier function was estimated by plasma diamine oxidase (DAO), d-lactate, endotoxin; and intestinal tight junction proteins including zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), claudin 1, occludin; and bacterial translocation. Intestinal inflammation was determined by IL-1β, TNFα and IL-17 A expression. TLR4, MyD88, pp38 MAPK, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related molecules (Bip, p-IRE1α, sXBP1, p-eIF2α, ATF6) were measured by immunohistochemistry and WB.Quercetin intervention attenuated pancreatic and ileal pathological damages in ANP (P 0.05), ameliorated intestinal barrier disruption and inflammation (P 0.05). Meantime, QE significantly suppressed intestinal TLR4/MyD88/p38 MAPK pathway and ERS activation.Quercetin plays a protective role against intestinal barrier disruption and inflammation in ANP, probably partly by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/p38 MAPK and ERS activation.

According to the interior orientation elements and imaging quality requirements of mapping application to mapping camera and combined with off-axis three-mirror anastigmat(TMA) system, high optomechanical stability design of a space optical mapping camera is introduced in this paper. The configuration is a coaxial TMA system used in off-axis situation. Firstly, the overall optical arrangement is described., and an overview of the optomechanical packaging is provided. Zerodurglass, carbon fiber composite and carbon-fiber reinforced silicon carbon (C/SiC) are widely used in the optomechanical structure, because their low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) can reduce the thermal sensitivity of the mirrors and focal plane. Flexible and unloading support are used in reflector and camera supporting structure. Epoxy structural adhesives is used for bonding optics to metal structure is also introduced in this paper. The primary mirror is mounted by means of three-point ball joint flexures system, which is attach to the back of the mirror. Then, In order to predict flexural displacements due to gravity, static finite element analysis (FEA) is performed on the primary mirror. The optical performance peak-to-valley (PV) and root-mean-square (RMS) wavefront errors are detected before and after assemble. Also, the dynamic finite element analysis(FEA) of the whole optical arrangement is carried out as to investigate the performance of optomechanical. Finally, in order to evaluate the stability of the design, the thermal vacuum test and vibration test are carried out and the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) and elements of interior orientation are presented as the evaluation index. Before and after the thermal vacuum test and vibration test, the MTF, focal distance and position of the principal point of optical system are measured and the result is as expected.

In this paper, a new pill-box window with arc groove disk is studied for S-band high power klystron. Its main characteristics are long pill-box and periodic grooved window disk. The long pill-box window can decrease the normal field and relieve the radio frequency loss in high power transmission, and periodic grooved window disk can suppress tangential field multipactor. The Monte Carlo (MC) method is used to build up the simulation model and analyze the increasing tendency of electrons. The simulation results indicate that long-box window with periodic arc grooved window disk can restrain multipactor effectively. Homocentric circular half-camber arc slot is put forward to overcome the disadvantages of periodic straight triangle and strait rectangular. The long pill-box with groove disk window prototype is tested in high power Travelling Wave Resonant Ring (TWRR) and the experimental results show an excellent character of this window.

The Development of the 10MW L-band multibeam klystron was started in the Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IECAS) three years ago. The electrical and structural designs for this klystron have been accomplished , in which many technical problems have been resolved. In the design of electron optical system, the uniform field multiple-lens focusing scheme was adopted, by which the paraxial multi-beams with good laminarity and fluctuation were obtained. In the design of beam-wave interaction system, the second harmonic cavity was used to enhance the beam-wave interaction efficiency and reduce the volume and weight of the klystron. Nowadays, the prototype is being fabricated and will be finished in one or two months. This paper presents the research progress on the 10MW L-band multi-beam klystron and the key technical issues resolved in detail.