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Detectors based on deep learning tend to detect multi-scale objects on a single input image for efficiency. Recent works, such as FPN and SSD, generally use feature maps from multiple layers with different spatial resolutions to detect objects at different scales, e.g., high-resolution feature maps for small objects. However, we find that objects at all scales can also be well detected with features from a single layer of the network. In this paper, we carefully examine the factors affecting detection performance across a large range of scales, and conclude that the balance of training samples, including both positive and negative ones, at different scales is the key. We propose a group sampling method which divides the anchors into several groups according to the scale, and ensure that the number of samples for each group is the same during training. Our approach using only one single layer of FPN as features is able to advance the state-of-the-arts. Comprehensive analysis and extensive experiments have been conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Moreover, we show that our approach is favorably applicable to other tasks, such as object detection on COCO dataset, and to other detection pipelines, such as YOLOv3, SSD and R-FCN. Our approach, evaluated on face detection benchmarks including FDDB and WIDER FACE datasets, achieves state-of-the-art results without bells and whistles.

Numerous studies have demonstrated the benefits and safety of ultrasound guidance in comparison with conventional palpation for radial artery cannulation in adult patients. However, the current evidence for paediatric patients is not fully understood.The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency and safety of ultrasound guidance with those of traditional palpation for radial artery cannulation in paediatric patients and provide convincing evidence for clinical practice.PubMed, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov (Min et al-2019, NCT02795468, Anantasit et al-2017, NCT02668471), China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data were systematically searched from their inception until December 31, 2019, to identify relevant randomised controlled trials. Data were extracted from the included studies independently by two investigators. The primary outcome of interest was the first-attempt success rate. Review Manager Version 5.3 and trial sequential analysis (beta = 0.9) were applied to analyse the collected data.A total of eight randomised controlled trials involving 680 paediatric patients were included in this study. The pooled findings showed that ultrasound-guided radial artery cannulation, in comparison with traditional palpation, can significantly improve the first-attempt success rate (relative risk [RR] = 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36-2.01, P 0.00001). Trial sequential analysis indicated that this available evidence was conclusive. Moreover, ultrasound guidance was associated with an increased total success rate (RR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.15-1.66, P = 0.0004), a decreased mean procedural time (standardised mean difference = -0.89, 95% CI = -1.52 to -0.25, P = 0.006), and incidence of haematoma (RR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.10-0.35, P 0.00001).Ultrasound-guided radial arterial cannulation in paediatric patients is associated with improved first-attempt success rates, total success rates, and mean procedural time and decreased incidence of haematoma. The current evidence suggests that ultrasound guidance should be the standard of care for radial artery cannulation in clinical practice.

Background Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by the continual presence of primary motor and vocal tics. Grey matter abnormalities have been identified in numerous studies of TS, but conflicting results have been reported. This study was an unbiased statistical meta-analysis of published neuroimaging studies of TS structures. Methods A voxel quantitative meta-analysis technique called activation likelihood estimation (ALE) was used. The meta-analysis included six neuroimaging studies involving 247 TS patients and 236 healthy controls. A statistical threshold of p Results We found that grey matter volumes were significantly increased in the bilateral thalamus, right hypothalamus, right precentral gyrus, left postcentral gyrus, left inferior parietal lobule, right lentiform nucleus, and left insula of TS patients compared to those of healthy controls. In contrast, grey matter volumes were significantly decreased in the bilateral postcentral gyrus, bilateral anterior cingulate, bilateral insula, left posterior cingulate and left postcentral gyrus of TS patients compared to those of healthy controls. Conclusions Our present meta-analysis primarily revealed significant increases in grey matter volumes in the thalamus and lentiform nucleus, and decreased grey matter volumes in the anterior cingulate gyrus, of TS patients compared to those in healthy controls. Most of these identified regions are associated with cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these changes in grey matter volumes in TS patients.

Children and adolescents with ASD also have co-occurrence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. ADHD symptoms, especially hyperactivity, greatly increased the severity of autism symptoms. This study concentrated on two widely-used medications: the second generation of antipsychotics (SGAs) and ADHD medication, aiming to conduct a meta-analysis about their effect on hyperactivity, so it would offer some evidence for clinical medication choice. The Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched from inception to July 2019 for studies exploring the use of SGAs and ADHD medications in autistic children and adolescents. Double-blind, randomized controlled trials that reported hyperactivity as an outcome were included in the study. A total of thirteen trials with 712 participants were included in our meta-analysis. For SGAs, the standardized mean difference (SMD) of hyperactivity subscale in Aberrant behavior checklist scale or conners rating scales was 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.23-0.96, I2 = 74%, Q = 15.34, P < 0.01. For ADHD medications, SMD was -0.66, with 95% CI: -0.99 to 0.33, I2 = 53%, Q = 15.02, P = 0.04. As for adverse events, in the SGAs group, somnolence had the largest effect size, risk ratio = 5.62, 95% CI: 3.20- 9.87 (I2 = 0%, Q = 2.45, P = 0.65). In ADHD group, the side effect of decreased appetite showed the largest effect size (risk ratio = 2.63, 95% CI = 0.99-7.01, I2 = 65.7%, Q = 11.66, P = 0.02). Both ADHD medications and SGAs were effective in dealing with hyperactivity in children and adolescents with autism but were shown to increase the risk of decreased appetite, somnolence, headache and nausea or vomiting. The clinical use of these medications should carefully weigh the benefits and risks.

The sensitivity of practical solid quantum sensing can be boosted up by increasing the number of probes. However, the effects of spin dephasing caused by inhomogeneous broadening and imperfect quan...

Chemotherapy is the main clinical treatment method of gastric cancer. Multidrug resistance (MDR) has become a common phenomenon with the development of tumors, which alleviates the effect of chemotherapy and makes it difficult to break the bottleneck of survival rate of advanced gastric cancer. Therefore, the exploration of MDR reversal agents for gastric cancer is the focus and also the difficulty of current treatment. Currently, the researches on the mechanisms of drug resistance in gastric cancer have been continuously deepened, which reveal different pathways and targets of MDR, laying a solid foundation for studying reversal agents. As a kind of natural medicine, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) owns the characteristics of low toxicity, high safety and effectiveness. It can inhibit the occurrence, growth and metastasis of tumors, and reverse MDR via multiple pathways and mechanisms, the pathological function of which has become a research hotspot in recent years. TCM reversers are mainly divided into Chinese medicine monomers, Chinese patent medicines, and Chinese herbal compounds. With certain quantity and advantage, TCM reversers for MDR play an important role in the clinical treatment and show great potential in gastric cancer.

Scalable fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with high reliability is one of the most pivotal concerns that must be addressed before they get into the photovoltaic (PV) market. Scaling large-area high-quality perovskite films is of great importance in this process. Here, gaseous therapy has been proposed for the post-treatment of perovskite films with high scalability and low cost. An inspiring evolvement from poor perovskite films to high quality ones is demonstrated under a joint treatment of methylamine gas and hot solvent vapors. The perovskite films are completely reconstructed and repaired regardless of the morphology of the original films. As a consequence, small-area (0.09 cm2) and large-area (4 cm2) PSCs based on the healed MAPbI3 films can afford J-V scanned efficiencies of 19.2 and 16.5% under a reverse sweep, respectively. Furthermore, stabilized power outputs of 18.5 and 15.2% are obtained from the small one and large one under continuous maximum power point tracking.

A new species of Gesneriaceae, Petrocodon luteoflorus Lei Cai & F.Wen was first described and illustrated from Maolan National Nature Reserve, Libo County, Guizhou Province, China. The diagnostic characters and notes of this species between its most morphologically similar species, P. dealbatus Hance, a detailed description, colour photographs, etymology, as well as distribution and habitat, are also provided in this paper.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine socio-demographic and psychosocial correlates of non-adherence to an accelerometry protocol in an economically disadvantaged urban population. Design Cross-sectional study. Methods We analyzed 985 New York City adult participants aged 18–81 years from the Physical Activity and Redesigned Community Spaces (PARCS) study. Participants were asked to wear a hip-worn ActiGraph GT3X-BT accelerometer for one week. Adherent accelerometer wear was defined as ≥3 days of ≥8 h/day of wear over a 7-day period and non-adherent accelerometry wear was defined as any wear less than adherent wear from returned accelerometers. Examined correlates of adherence included sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics (e.g., general physical/mental health-related quality of life, self-efficacy for exercise, stress, sense of community/neighborhood well-being, and social cohesion). Results From the total sample, 636 (64.6%) participants provided adherent wear and 349 (35.4%) provided non-adherent wear. In multivariable analysis, younger age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.53–0.75), poorer health-related quality of life (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.65–0.98 for physical health and OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.62–0.94 for mental health), lower sense of community (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.62–1.00) and current smoking status (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.35–2.86) were associated with non-adherent wear. Conclusions Non-adherent wear was associated with younger age, smoking, and lower self-reported physical/mental functioning and sense of community. This information can inform targeted adherence strategies to improve physical activity and sedentary behavior estimates from accelerometry data in future studies involving an urban minority population.

The techno-economic analysis of an IGCC power plant coupled with integrated intermittent chemical looping air separation (IICLAS) as Design 1 and an IGCC polygeneration plant integrated with chemical looping hydrogen generation (CLHG) as Design 2 are addressed. The economic evaluations show that (i) the total overnight cost of capital (TOCC) of Design 1 is higher than it of Design 2 by 3.6% and (ii) the total fixed and variable operation and maintenance cost (TOMC) of Design 1 is higher than it of Design 2 by 17.8%. These comparisons imply that the potential investment opportunities in Design 2 are more than Design 1. According to recent reports of the internal rate of return (IRR) for the coal-fired power plant investment around 8%∼12%, Design 2 guarantees the minimum acceptable IRR with 14.1% even though its revenue is reduced by 30%. For assessing the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) with 0.058USD/kWh and the dynamic payback period (DPP) with 6.6 years, these beneficial results raise the commercial potential of Design 2.

Background Pre-injection aspiration procedures could increase safety during soft tissue filler injections. However, various influencing factors have been detected in vitro that could result in false negative aspiration results. Objective A case series was retrospectively investigated to identify factors contributing to positive blood aspiration procedures in vivo. Methods This study evaluated 213 clinical cases positive for blood aspiration documented in an Asian population: 208 females (43.8 ± 7.2 years old) and 5 males (46.8 ± 7.8 years old) during soft tissue filler injections. Injection location, layer (depth) of injection, product injected, size of utilized needle (gauge), length of needle (inch), priming of needle (yes/no), injection angle (degree), and time until blood was visible in the needle hub (seconds) were evaluated. Results The most frequent location where a positive aspiration was observed was the pyriform fossa (n = 56; 26.3%), the most frequent plane was the supra-periosteal plane (n = 195; 91.5%), and the most frequent needle utilized was a 27G needle (n = 125; 58.7%). Statistically significantly more positive cases were identified when the needle was primed compared with an unprimed needle (P Conclusions Pre-injection aspiration could be a valuable tool to prevent accidental intravascular injection of soft tissue filler. The results of the present investigation show that aspiration can be performed with an acceptable aspiration time, that is, less than 2 seconds, if a suitable product/needle combination is chosen. Level of Evidence: 4

Background Mortality and hospital readmission rates may reflect the quality of acute and postacute stroke care. Our aim was to investigate if, compared with usual care (UC), the COMPASS‐TC (Comprehensive Post‐Acute Stroke Services Transitional Care) intervention (INV) resulted in lower all‐cause and stroke‐specific readmissions and mortality among patients with minor stroke and transient ischemic attack discharged from 40 diverse North Carolina hospitals from 2016 to 2018. Methods and Results Using Medicare fee‐for‐service claims linked with COMPASS cluster‐randomized trial data, we performed intention‐to‐treat analyses for 30‐day, 90‐day, and 1‐year unplanned all‐cause and stroke‐specific readmissions and all‐cause mortality between INV and UC groups, with 90‐day unplanned all‐cause readmissions as the primary outcome. Effect estimates were determined via mixed logistic or Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for age, sex, race, stroke severity, stroke diagnosis, and documented history of stroke. The final analysis cohort included 1069 INV and 1193 UC patients (median age 74 years, 80% White, 52% women, 40% with transient ischemic attack) with median length of hospital stay of 2 days. The risk of unplanned all‐cause readmission was similar between INV versus UC at 30 (9.9% versus 8.7%) and 90 days (19.9% versus 18.9%), respectively. No significant differences between randomization groups were seen in 1‐year all‐cause readmissions, stroke‐specific readmissions, or mortality. Conclusions In this pragmatic trial of patients with complex minor stroke/transient ischemic attack, there was no difference in the risk of readmission or mortality with COMPASS‐TC relative to UC. Our study could not conclusively determine the reason for the lack of effectiveness of the INV. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT02588664.

Cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC) is one of the most common causes of women cancer deaths in worldwide. At present, immunotherapy using immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has improved the prognosis of many cancer patients and neoantigens generated by mutations may serve as potential biomarkers for ICB therapy. In this study, we observed the missense mutations were the most frequent in the landscapes of gene mutation of CESC samples. The higher level of tumor mutation burden (TMB)patients had higher overall survival (OS). And, there was significantly correlated between high TMB group and high fractions of most immune cells. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis determined five hub genes (IFNG, SERPINA3, CCL4L2, TNFSF15, and IL1R1) to build a prognostic model. In the prognostic model, the low-risk group had a better OS. Also, mutations of the five hub genes mainly affect the infiltration level of D8+ T cells and DCs. These results indicated the model might be used to differentiate patients who have a different response to immunotherapy, which makes individualized therapy possible. In conclusion, our study is valuable for exploring the role of TMB related to immune infiltration in CESC. Moreover, the prognosis model may help predict the sensitivity of patients to immunotherapy and provide underlying biomarkers for personalized immunotherapy.

Focusing electromagnetic field to enhance the interaction with matter has been promoting researches and applications of nano electronics and photonics. Usually, the evanescent-wave coupling is adopted in various nano structures and materials to confine the electromagnetic field into a subwavelength space. Here, based on the direct coupling with confined electron oscillations in a nanowire, we demonstrate an extreme localization of microwave field down to 10$^{-6}\lambda$. A hybrid nanowire-bowtie antenna is further designed to focus the free-space microwave to this deep-subwavelength space. Detected by the nitrogen vacancy center in diamond, the field intensity and microwave-spin interaction strength are enhanced by 2.0$\times$10$^{8}$ and 1.4$\times$10$^{4}$ times, respectively. Such an extreme concentration of microwave field will further promote integrated quantum information processing, sensing and microwave photonics in a nanoscale system., Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures

The growing demand for cyber security professionals with practical knowledge is boosting the development and conduct of cyber security exercises around the world. Scenarios stand a central position of the exercise, which sets the stage for later action by providing contextual information that the participants will need during the exercise. To manage the increasing numbers of scenario creation in the different contexts, we propose an ontology to model scenarios for cyber security exercises. This ontology identifies aspects of scenario modeling relevant to cyber security that can be used as a means to achieve a defined taxonomy of knowledge items and a standard vocabulary for cyber scenarios. With the semantic framework based on RDF/OWL, this ontology provides a common structure at a semantic level that allows scenarios to be shared and reused across applications and community boundaries. In this paper, we present the design, implementation, and evaluation of the proposed ontology.

Background/Purpose Early unplanned hospital readmissions are burdensome health care events and indicate low care quality. Identifying at-risk patients enables timely intervention. This study identified predictors for 14-day unplanned readmission. Methods We conducted a retrospective, matched, case–control study between September 1, 2018, and August 31, 2019, in an 1193-bed university hospital. Adult patients aged ≥ 20 years and readmitted for the same or related diagnosis within 14 days of discharge after initial admission (index admission) were included as cases. Cases were 1:1 matched for the disease-related group at index admission, age, and discharge date to controls. Variables were extracted from the hospital’s electronic health records. Results In total, 300 cases and 300 controls were analyzed. Six factors were independently associated with unplanned readmission within 14 days: previous admissions within 6 months (OR = 3.09; 95 % CI = 1.79–5.34, p p = 0.019), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool score (OR = 1.46; 95 % CI = 1.04–2.05, p = 0.03), systolic blood pressure (OR = 0.98; 95 % CI = 0.97–0.99, p = 0.01) and ear temperature within 24 h before discharge (OR = 2.49; 95 % CI = 1.34–4.64, p = 0.004), and discharge with a nasogastric tube (OR = 0.13; 95 % CI = 0.03–0.60, p = 0.009). Conclusions Factors presented at admission (frequent prior hospitalizations, multimorbidity, and malnutrition) along with factors presented at discharge (clinical instability and the absence of a nasogastric tube) were associated with increased risk of early 14-day unplanned readmission.

Background: The diagnosis rate and mortality of gastric cancer (GC) are among the highest in the global, so it is of great significance to predict the survival time of GC patients. Ferroptosis and iron-metabolism make a critical impact on tumor development and are closely linked to the treatment of cancer and the prognosis of patients. However, the predictive value of the genes involved in ferroptosis and iron-metabolism in GC and their effects on immune microenvironment remain to be further clarified.Methods: In this study, the RNA sequence information and general clinical indicators of GC patients were acquired from the public databases. We first systematically screen out 134 DEGs and 13 PRGs related to ferroptosis and iron-metabolism. Then, we identified six PRDEGs (GLS2, MTF1, SLC1A5, SP1, NOX4, and ZFP36) based on the LASSO-penalized Cox regression analysis. The 6-gene prognostic risk model was established in the TCGA cohort and the GC patients were separated into the high- and the low-risk groups through the risk score median value. GEO cohort was used for verification. The expression of PRDEGs was verified by quantitative QPCR.Results: Our study demonstrated that patients in the low-risk group had a higher survival probability compared with those in high-risk group. In addition, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses confirmed that the risk score was an independent prediction parameter. The ROC curve analysis and nomogram manifested that the risk model had the high predictive ability and was more sensitive than general clinical features. Furthermore, compared with the high-risk group, the low-risk group had higher TMB and a longer 5-year survival period. In the immune microenvironment of GC, there were also differences in immune function and highly infiltrated immune cells between the two risk groups.Conclusions: The prognostic risk model based on the six genes associated with ferroptosis and iron-metabolism has a good performance for predicting the prognosis of patients with GC. The treatment of cancer by inducing tumor ferroptosis or mediating tumor iron-metabolism, especially combined with immunotherapy, provides a new possibility for individualized treatment of GC patients.

Background:Gastric cancer (GC) is rated as one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Despite the emergence of a combination of surgery, surveillance endoscopy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and various novel treatment strategies in recent years, the prognosis for patients with gastric cancer is far from optimistic due to its predisposition to invasion or metastasis and low rate of early diagnosis. GC exists in a complex tumor–immune microenvironment. Immune cell infiltration and tumor–immune molecules play a key role in tumor development and are closely related to the prognosis of patients. Therefore, understanding the cellular composition and function of TME is essential to grasp the tumor progression of GC, and is helpful to find molecular markers with the prognostic value that affect the immune response of GC patients.Methods:In this study, we performed multiple machine learning algorithms to identify immunophenotypes and immunological characteristics in GC patient’s data from the TCGA database and identified immune-related genes involved in the GC-immune interaction. In addition, we used R software and online databases to assess the status of lymphocytes and clarified the association between the hub gene and GC immunity, as well as the signaling pathways that regulate the immune response mediated by the hub gene.Results:In this study, we found a close linkage between CXCR4 and the immunity of GC. The CXCR4 gene expression was associated with immune cell infiltration levels and immunomodulators. We established an immune gene model for GC using CXCR4-associated immunomodulators. The risk scores derived from the gene signatures were significantly associated with survival in GC. And, our results demonstrated that the risk scores derived from CXCR4-associated immunomodulators could distinguish risk groups defined by differential expression of a set of signature genes.Conclusions: Our findings provided evidence of CXCR4's implication in tumor immunity, suggesting that CXCR4 may be a potential prognostic biomarker and immunotherapeutic target for GC. The prognostic immune markers from CXCR4-associated immunomodulators could independently predict the overall survival of GC. The prognostic immune model using CXCR4-associated immunomodulators contribute to the individualization of the clinical treatment strategy to improve the survival chances of patients.

We present the full-resolution correspondence learning for cross-domain images, which aids image translation. We adopt a hierarchical strategy that uses the correspondence from coarse level to guide the fine levels. At each hierarchy, the correspondence can be efficiently computed via PatchMatch that iteratively leverages the matchings from the neighborhood. Within each PatchMatch iteration, the ConvGRU module is employed to refine the current correspondence considering not only the matchings of larger context but also the historic estimates. The proposed CoCosNet v2, a GRU-assisted PatchMatch approach, is fully differentiable and highly efficient. When jointly trained with image translation, full-resolution semantic correspondence can be established in an unsupervised manner, which in turn facilitates the exemplar-based image translation. Experiments on diverse translation tasks show that CoCosNet v2 performs considerably better than state-of-the-art literature on producing high-resolution images., CVPR 2021 oral presentation

Pharmacological intervention played an important role in the management of tic disorder. Large-scale prescription data for pediatric tic disorder patients in the real-world setting were scarce. The demographic and prescription data of tic disorder were extracted from the electronic medical records database of Beijing Children's Hospital from 2018 to 2020. The intervention choice for outpatient pediatric tic disorder patients was analyzed. A total of 20 417 patients were included, 28.1% (n = 5028) of them did not receive any pharmacological treatment. Over 70% were prescribed with anti-tic medication. For children less than 6 years of age, clonidine adhesive patches (CAPs) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were the common choice. With the age growing, the use of antipsychotics was on the rise; 22% (n = 3389) were prescribed for at least two anti-tic medication, and the most common medication combination group was tiapride and TCM (33.7%), followed by CAP and TCM (22.1%). The clinical intervention choice for tic disorder is highly individualized. The pharmacological choice was influenced by severity, duration of symptom, age, the acceptance of parents and other factors.

Background Clinical photonumeric scales have been developed and validated to objectively measure the effectiveness of aesthetic treatments in specific anatomical areas; however, these are based on the typical features of Caucasian patients. No clinical scale for Asian calf appearance currently exists. Objective To develop and validate a calf assessment scale for use in the female Asian patient population. Methods and materials During 2 validation sessions, 13 raters assessed calf images of female Asian subjects (N = 35) viewed from behind with feet flat on the floor (at rest) and on tiptoes (dynamic). Images were rated from 0 (very slim, linear profile) to 4 (very severe convex profile). Results Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability were "substantial" (≥0.6, intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] and weighted kappa) for the calf-at rest, calf-dynamic, and calf summary score. Reliability was "substantial" for calf-at rest and calf-dynamic (≥0.6, ICC and weighted kappa) and "almost perfect" (0.85) for the calf summary score. BMI and calf circumference were highly correlated with scale ratings, and calf circumference was a significant predictor. Conclusion This new photonumeric assessment scale has value for assessing the female Asian calf, providing a standardized measure of calf appearance in clinical practice and clinical research settings.

BACKGROUND Premonitory urges (PUs) was defined as the uncomfortable physical sensations of inner tension that can be relieved by producing movement responses. Nearly 70%-90% patients with Tourette syndrome reported experiences of PUs. CASE SUMMARY In this paper, we present two cases of young patients with PUs located in their tongue, which is very rare and easily misdiagnosed in clinical work. Both two young patients complained of an itchy tongue and cannot help biting their tongue. These two cases were worth reporting because it was rare that PUs was the initial symptom and located in the tongue. The results indicated that PUs seem to play an important role in the generation of tics. CONCLUSION Thus, PUs may be the first process, and an essential part, of the formation of tics.

Learning software security is one of the most challenging tasks in the information technology sector due to the vast amount of security knowledge and the difficulties in understanding its p...

First-principles based on density functional theory (DFT) are used to calculate the structural and electronic properties of InSe/arsenene heterostructure. The results show that the InSe/arsenene bilayer forms a type-II van der Waals heterostructure with a direct band gap of 0.876 eV, which is favorable for the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. The properties of InSe/arsenene heterojunction can be effectively regulated by applying an external electric field and uniaxial strain. When an external electric field is applied, the heterostructure experiences a transition from semiconductor to metal. In addition, due to the presence of built-in electric field, the positive and negative electric fields have different effects on the electronic properties of heterostructure. When uniaxial strain is applied, the heterostructure can withstand larger tensile strain than compression strain without damaging the structure and the band gap is more easily decreased by X-direction strain. In addition, the heterostructure undergoes a direct-indirect bandgap transition under strain. When compressive strain is applied in the Y direction, especially e

To retrofit the traditional integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plants, four plant designs using different combinations of the chemical-looping air separation (CLAS), calcium-looping (CaL), and syngas chemical-looping (SCL) are presented, where the modeling of calcium/chemical looping cycles in fast fluidized-bed and moving-bed reactors have been validated by experimental data. The IGCC polygeneration plants (Designs 1 and 2) and the IGCC power plants (Designs 3 and 4) are developed in an integration simulation platform, and their performances in terms of gross power efficiency (GPE), net thermal efficiency (NTE), carbon emission rate (CER) and water recycling rate (WRR) are evaluated. The comparison results show that (i) Design 1 possesses high thermal efficiency and low water consumption since the SCL cycle can improve NTE and increase WRR by producing the high-purity hydrogen and recovering water from exhaust gases, and (ii) Design 4 possesses high power efficiency and low CO2 emissions since a combination of Rankine and Brayton cycles is integrated to increase GPE and CO2-rich gas is partially recycled in the CLAS cycle to decrease CER.

In this paper, we study polarization-dependent optical absorption of a graphene on the top of one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC), which offer a method to accurately count the number of graphene layers. The 1DPC is composed of 10 pairs of (SiO2/TiO2), and the two kinds of material is transparent, which is different from the commonly substrate with significant contrast to graphene. The absorption difference fitting formula is given by the 0–10 graphene layer. It may be applicable to other two-dimensional materials optically counting layers.

Migraine is a common disease worldwide and migraine prevention is primarily currently based on pharmaceuticals. The mechanism of Vitamin B2 may positively contribute to migraine. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of Vitamin B2 supplementation on the days, duration, frequency, and pain score of the migraine attack.: The PRISMA guideline was used for the studying process. Five electronic databases, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, and CEPS were searched from 1990 to March 2019. The search terms were Vitamin B2, migraine, and prophylactic. A meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) version.: Nine articles were included in systemic review and finally meta-analysis. Eight randomized controlled trials and one controlled clinical trial with 673 subjects were analyzed using meta-analysis. Vitamin B2 supplementation significantly decreased migraine days (A pooled analysis of available randomized controlled clinical trials demonstrated that Vitamin B2 400 mg/day for three months supplementation had significant effect on days, duration, frequency, and pain score of migraine attacks.

Self-training is a competitive approach in domain adaptive segmentation, which trains the network with the pseudo labels on the target domain. However inevitably, the pseudo labels are noisy and the target features are dispersed due to the discrepancy between source and target domains. In this paper, we rely on representative prototypes, the feature centroids of classes, to address the two issues for unsupervised domain adaptation. In particular, we take one step further and exploit the feature distances from prototypes that provide richer information than mere prototypes. Specifically, we use it to estimate the likelihood of pseudo labels to facilitate online correction in the course of training. Meanwhile, we align the prototypical assignments based on relative feature distances for two different views of the same target, producing a more compact target feature space. Moreover, we find that distilling the already learned knowledge to a self-supervised pretrained model further boosts the performance. Our method shows tremendous performance advantage over state-of-the-art methods. The code is available at https://github.com/microsoft/ProDA.

Objective: The outcome of pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is still unclear. In the present study, long-term rates and predictors of remission were used to identify potential factors i...

In this paper, we proposed a novel Style-based Point Generator with Adversarial Rendering (SpareNet) for point cloud completion. Firstly, we present the channel-attentive EdgeConv to fully exploit the local structures as well as the global shape in point features. Secondly, we observe that the concatenation manner used by vanilla foldings limits its potential of generating a complex and faithful shape. Enlightened by the success of StyleGAN, we regard the shape feature as style code that modulates the normalization layers during the folding, which considerably enhances its capability. Thirdly, we realize that existing point supervisions, e.g., Chamfer Distance or Earth Mover's Distance, cannot faithfully reflect the perceptual quality of the reconstructed points. To address this, we propose to project the completed points to depth maps with a differentiable renderer and apply adversarial training to advocate the perceptual realism under different viewpoints. Comprehensive experiments on ShapeNet and KITTI prove the effectiveness of our method, which achieves state-of-the-art quantitative performance while offering superior visual quality.

The nonlinear fluorescence emission has been widely applied for high spatial resolution optical imaging. Here, we studied the fluorescence anomalous saturating effect of the nitrogen vacancy defect in diamond. The fluorescence reduction was observed with high power laser excitation. It increased the nonlinearity of the fluorescence emission, and changed the spatial frequency distribution of the fluorescence image. We used a differential excitation protocol to extract the high spatial frequency information. By modulating the excitation laser’s power, the spatial resolution of imaging was improved approximately 1.6 times in comparison with the confocal microscopy. Due to the simplicity of the experimental setup and data processing, we expect this method can be used for improving the spatial resolution of sensing and biological labeling with the defects in solids.

With the continuous development of computer technology and information network technology, as well as the continuous improvement of the current research level of various disciplines, the connotation of the disciplines is becoming more affluent and more prosperous, and the barriers between the disciplines are gradually penetrating. In this context, the integration between disciplines has become an inevitable trend in the development of the times, and the resulting cross direction has essential research value for improving the theories and methods of disciplines. Therefore, it is crucial to grasp the connections between disciplines to promote the development of the discipline. Based on the literature data of the CSSCI citation database, this paper analyzes the literature index data of service design discipline in the last six years (2014–2019) with the computer intelligent measurement algorithms. With the help of the computer statistical analysis software, this paper clarifies the development status and academic influence of service design discipline in China from the perspective of literature research, reveals the citation patterns of the discipline of service design and its deep connections with related disciplines, and explores the development prospects of the discipline in the current development trend. As a consequence, this work can deepen the related researchers' understanding to service design discipline, and furthermore assist them to construct this emerging discipline better.

Wen, F.; Liu, Y., and Yi, W., 2020. Packaging design of marine cultural symbol goods based on big data. In: Li, L. and Huang, X. (eds.), Sustainable Development in Coastal Regions: A Perspective of Environment, Economy, and Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 112, pp. 406-409. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.There are a great variety of sea creatures in many strange shapes. The high and new technology of smart ocean supplier Lai Tu High-tech can be used to detect the ocean. There are now 210,000 known species of Marine life, according to a survey of global ocean data. It can be roughly divided into fish, mollusks, echinoderms and coelenterates. Among them, fish species are the most; generally have flow line shape, bullet shape, flat shape and abnormity. Mollusks are usually calcareous shells, most of which are bilaterally symmetrical, radiating, and spirally shaped. Echinoderms almost all have radially symmetrical bodies. The packaging design of Marine cultural symbols based on big data has distinct promotion significance.

Aim: To explore the mechanism of gastric carcinogenesis by mining potential hub genes and to search for promising small-molecular compounds for gastric cancer (GC). Materials & methods: The microarray datasets were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database and the genes and compounds were analyzed by bioinformatics-related tools and software. Results: Six hub genes ( MKI67, PLK1, COL1A1, TPX2, COL1A2 and SPP1) related to the prognosis of GC were confirmed to be upregulated in GC and their high expression was correlated with poor overall survival rate in GC patients. In addition, eight candidate compounds with potential anti-GC activity were identified, among which resveratrol was closely correlated with six hub genes. Conclusion: Six hub genes identified in the present study may contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of gastric carcinogenesis and the predicted potential of resveratrol may provide valuable clues for the future development of targeted anti-GC inhibitors.

Objectives Nearly half of the patients with Tourette Syndrome (TS) present with comorbid Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms (OCS) and premonitory urges (PUs). However, inconsistent results have been found in the correlation between PUs and OCS in patients with TS. Methods A meta-analysis was applied to identify the severity of OCS and its correlation with PUs in TS patients. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were used to identify potential heterogeneity. Results A total of 13 studies, including 576 patients, were enrolled in this study. The pooled correlation coefficient (r) was 0.29 (95% confidence interval: 0.18, 0.38) and heterogeneity (I2) of pooled r was 40% based on a fixed-effect model. The mean level of OCS based on the assessment of Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Scale/Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Scale was 14.99 (95% CI: 11.41, 18.57) by a random effect model. Results of meta-regression analysis demonstrated that the severity of tic symptoms based on the assessment of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale was the predictor of severity of OCS (p = 0.018). Conclusion There was a mild positive correlation between the PUs and OCS in patients with TS. The severity of OCS in TS patients was mild to moderate and positively predicted by the severity of tic symptoms.

In this study, the InSb/InSe heterostructure is systematically examined in terms of its electronic properties through first-principles calculations. According to our findings, the InSb/InSe heterostructure is a kind of unique direct band gap semiconductor, which has inherent type-II band alignment, resulting in significant photogenerated electron–hole pair separation in space. When the external electric field is applied, the Stark effect is observed in the band gap. Interestingly, in the application of the −0.3 V A−1 electric field, such a heterostructure is transformed into type-I from type-II. Simultaneously, the band gap is also effectively controlled by uniaxial strain. In particular, high carrier mobility is obtained at a compressive strain of 4% on the Y-axis. To sum up, based on the results in the present work, the InSb/InSe heterostructure can be potentially used in nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices.

Background Exposure and response prevention (ERP) is a form of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) that can effectively relieve obsessive-compulsive symptoms and tic symptoms in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette syndrome (TS). However, the effect size of ERP is still unclear. Methods In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to identify the efficacy of ERP for individuals with OCD and TS. The standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to assess the effect size of the efficacy for ERP. We used subgroup and meta-regression analysis to explore the heterogeneity of the pooled SMD of ERP for OCD. Results A total of 17 studies including a total of 926 patients with OCD and 66 patients with TS were identified. We observed a small-to-medium effect size of ERP for both OCD (SMD = -0.21, 95% CI: -0.47 to 0.06) and TS (SMD = -0.26, 95% CI: -0.75 to 0.22). Conclusions In conclusion, we found that ERP is effective for patients with OCD and TS. We suggest a combination with other therapies and the development of online ERP services that might prove a promising new direction for healthcare providers.

Cesium (Cs) contained triple-cation and mixed halide perovskite (CsFAMA) is broadly employed as light absorption layers for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs) fabrication with high reproducibility. On the other hand, thermal annealing is a universal post-treatment method for perovskite films preparation. Moreover, thermal management highly depends on perovskite materials. However, no specialized study has been reported on CsFAMA perovskite to date. Herein, we have systematically investigated the influence of thermal annealing and annealing time on CsFAMA films and their solar cells. We demonstrated that heating time of 45 or 60 min at 100 °C is desirable. More interestingly, we found that the unannealed CsFAMA films exhibit ultrahigh photoluminescence (PL) intensities, much stronger than that of annealed films. Note that PL intensities gradually weaken as a function of annealing time. In particular, the PL intensities of fresh films (after antisolvent dripping) are at least 200 times higher than that of 60 min annealed films. To our knowledge, it is the first time to report this PL behavior. We speculate that it is due to quantum confinement effect of perovskite crystal nuclei and "cage effect" of DMSO intermediates in the fresh films. To this point, the unannealed CsFAMA films may have great potential in PL emission applications.

BACKGROUND Overexpression of p53, p21, and caspase-3 promotes apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells. However, the mechanisms that lead to apoptosis of coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs) is unclear in Kawasaki disease (KD). This study investigated involvement of p53, p21, and caspase-3 in the apoptosis of CASMCs from a Kawasaki vasculitis mouse model. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Kawasaki vasculitis mouse model with coronary artery lesions was generated via administration of Lactobacillus casei cell wall extract. In 2 groups of mice (healthy control and KD vasculitis mice), the levels of p53, p21, and caspase-3 protein in the root of the coronary artery were evaluated via immunohistochemistry. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted for determination of area under the curve, 95% confidence interval, sensitivity, specificity, and cutoff values for the ability of p53, p21, and caspase-3 expression to predict CASMC apoptosis and coronary artery lesion formation in KD vasculitis mice. RESULTS Compared with healthy mice, KD vasculitis mice had a significantly higher apoptosis index and upregulated p53, p21, and caspase-3 expression. Also, the immunoreactive score for caspase-3 was positively correlated with the immunoreactivity scores for p53 and p21. The optimal cutoff values for p53, p21, and caspase-3 expression for predicting the presence of coronary artery lesions were 4.15, 4.18, and 4.22, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Upregulated levels of p53, p21, and caspase-3 promoted apoptosis of CASMCs in KD vasculitis mice. Thus, the levels of p53, p21, and caspase-3 may serve as valuable predictors of coronary artery lesion formation in KD.

In this work, we study various existing benchmarks for deepfake detection researches. In particular, we examine a novel two-stage face swapping algorithm, called FaceShifter, for high fidelity and occlusion aware face swapping. Unlike many existing face swapping works that leverage only limited information from the target image when synthesizing the swapped face, FaceShifter generates the swapped face with high-fidelity by exploiting and integrating the target attributes thoroughly and adaptively. FaceShifter can handle facial occlusions with a second synthesis stage consisting of a Heuristic Error Acknowledging Refinement Network (HEAR-Net), which is trained to recover anomaly regions in a self-supervised way without any manual annotations. Experiments show that existing deepfake detection algorithm performs poorly with FaceShifter, since it achieves advantageous quality over all existing benchmarks. However, our newly developed Face X-Ray method can reliably detect forged images created by FaceShifter.

In this paper, we present a learning-based approach for recovering the 3D geometry of human head from a single portrait image. Our method is learned in an unsupervised manner without any ground-truth 3D data. We represent the head geometry with a parametric 3D face model together with a depth map for other head regions including hair and ear. A two-step geometry learning scheme is proposed to learn 3D head reconstruction from in-the-wild face images, where we first learn face shape on single images using self-reconstruction and then learn hair and ear geometry using pairs of images in a stereo-matching fashion. The second step is based on the output of the first to not only improve the accuracy but also ensure the consistency of overall head geometry. We evaluate the accuracy of our method both in 3D and with pose manipulation tasks on 2D images. We alter pose based on the recovered geometry and apply a refinement network trained with adversarial learning to ameliorate the reprojected images and translate them to the real image domain. Extensive evaluations and comparison with previous methods show that our new method can produce high-fidelity 3D head geometry and head pose manipulation results., Accepted by CVPR2020; Code: https://github.com/sicxu/Deep3dPortrait

We propose DiscoFaceGAN, an approach for face image generation of virtual people with disentangled, precisely-controllable latent representations for identity of non-existing people, expression, pose, and illumination. We embed 3D priors into adversarial learning and train the network to imitate the image formation of an analytic 3D face deformation and rendering process. To deal with the generation freedom induced by the domain gap between real and rendered faces, we further introduce contrastive learning to promote disentanglement by comparing pairs of generated images. Experiments show that through our imitative-contrastive learning, the factor variations are very well disentangled and the properties of a generated face can be precisely controlled. We also analyze the learned latent space and present several meaningful properties supporting factor disentanglement. Our method can also be used to embed real images into the disentangled latent space. We hope our method could provide new understandings of the relationship between physical properties and deep image synthesis., Accepted by CVPR2020 (Oral)

Mycotoxins are a large type of secondary metabolites produced by fungi that pose a great hazard to and cause toxic reactions in humans and animals. A majority of countries and regulators, such as the European Union, have established a series of requirements for their use, and they have also set maximum tolerance levels. The development of high sensitivity and a specific analytical platform for mycotoxins is much in demand to address new challenges for food safety worldwide. Due to the superiority of simple, rapid, and low-cost characteristics, aptamer-based biosensors have successfully been developed for the detection of various mycotoxins with high sensitivity and selectivity compared with traditional instrumental methods and immunological approaches. In this article, we discuss and analyze the development of aptasensors for mycotoxins determination in food and agricultural products over the last 11 years and cover the literatures from the first report in 2008 until the present time. In addition, challenges and future trends for the selection of aptamers toward various mycotoxins and aptasensors for multi-mycotoxins analyses are summarized. Given the promising development and potential application of aptasensors, future research studies made will witness the great practicality of using aptamer-based biosensors within the field of food safety.

Objectives. This network meta-analysis (NMA) was designed to assess the comparative effectiveness and safety of oral Chinese patent medicines combined with chemotherapy for gastric cancer on the National Basic Medical Insurance Drugs List of China. Methods. A comprehensive literature search was performed in seven electronic databases from their inception to February 25, 2020, aiming to collect all related randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral Chinese patent medicines as an adjuvant for gastric cancer. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Scale. NMA was then performed by using STATA 16.0 software and ADDIS 1.16.8 software. Results. Finally, 30 RCTs were included, involving seven kinds of oral Chinese patent medicines, with a total of 2602 patients. For improvement of clinical efficacy, Bazhen granule combined with chemotherapy was ranked first for effectiveness, followed by the Cinobufacin capsule combined with chemotherapy and Xiao’aiping tablet combined with chemotherapy. Meanwhile, Bazhen granules combined with chemotherapy also were ranked first in reducing gastrointestinal reactions. In terms of improving performance status, the Xiao’aiping tablet was the best and significantly better than other oral Chinese patent medicines. Besides, the Zhenqi Fuzheng granule combined with chemotherapy was best for reducing the incidence of leucopenia. Conclusions. Since only one RCT of Bazhen granule was included in this study for analysis, its statistical efficiency is low. Therefore, this study recommends that the Cinobufacin capsule combined with chemotherapy should be a priority in improving clinical efficacy. In terms of improving patients’ quality of life, Xiao’aiping tablet is the best choice. Safety was best for Zhenqi Fuzheng granule and Bazhen granule combined with chemotherapy. Limited by the quantity, quality, and possible bias of included studies, the above conclusions need to be further verified by more high-quality RCTs.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequent malignant tumors in humans, with over 50% of patients after treatment suffering from recurrence and peritoneal metastasis. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is critical to the development of GC. The phenomenon of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in GC is linked with development of the invasive phenotype, which is very likely regulated by H. pylori through altering signaling pathways in the gastric cells. In this review, we conclude the current studies on how H. pylori affects the EMT of GC, thus contributing to its initiation and metastasis.

We propose to restore old photos that suffer from severe degradation through a deep learning approach. Unlike conventional restoration tasks that can be solved through supervised learning, the degradation in real photos is complex and the domain gap between synthetic images and real old photos makes the network fail to generalize. Therefore, we propose a novel triplet domain translation network by leveraging real photos along with massive synthetic image pairs. Specifically, we train two variational autoencoders (VAEs) to respectively transform old photos and clean photos into two latent spaces. And the translation between these two latent spaces is learned with synthetic paired data. This translation generalizes well to real photos because the domain gap is closed in the compact latent space. Besides, to address multiple degradations mixed in one old photo, we design a global branch with a partial nonlocal block targeting to the structured defects, such as scratches and dust spots, and a local branch targeting to the unstructured defects, such as noises and blurriness. Two branches are fused in the latent space, leading to improved capability to restore old photos from multiple defects. The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of visual quality for old photos restoration., Comment: CVPR 2020 Oral, project website: http://raywzy.com/Old_Photo/

Cisplatin chemotherapy causes myelosuppression and often limits treatment duration and dose escalation in patients. Novel approaches to circumvent or lessen myelotoxicity may improve clinical outcome and quality of life in these patients. Chlorella sorokiniana (CS) is a freshwater unicellular green alga and exhibits encouraging efficacy in immunomodulation and anticancer in preclinical studies. However, the efficacy of CS on chemoprotection remains unclear. We report here, for the first time, that CS extract (CSE) could protect normal myeloid cells and PBMCs from cisplatin toxicity. Also, cisplatin-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells was rescued through reservation of mitochondrial function, inhibition of cytochrome c release to cytosol, and suppression of caspase and PARP activation. Intriguingly, cotreatment of CSE attenuated cisplatin-evoked hypocellularity of bone marrow in mice. Furthermore, we observed the enhancement of CSF-GM activity in bone marrow and spleen in mice administered CSE and cisplatin, along with increased CD11b levels in spleen. In conclusion, we uncovered a novel mechanism of CSE on myeloprotection, whereby potentially supports the use of CSE as a chemoprotector against cisplatin-induced bone marrow toxicity. Further clinical investigation of CSE in combination with cisplatin is warranted.