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Background and Purpose Women's representation in medicine has increased over time yet the proportion of women practicing neurointervention remains low. We conducted an anonymous online survey through which we could explore the gender gap in neurointervention, identify potential issues, difficulties, or obstacles women might face, and evaluate if men encounter similar issues. Methods An online questionnaire was designed in SurveyMonkey®. Invitation to participate was emailed through national and international neurointerventional societies as well as directly through private mailing lists to men and women working in neurointervention. Responses were collected from 10 May 2019 to 10 September 2019. Results There were 295 complete responses, 173 (59%) male and 122 (41%) female. Most respondents (83%) fell within age categories 35–60 years, with representation from 40 countries across five continents. In all 95% were working full time, 73% had worked as a neurointerventionalist for >6 years, 77% worked in University-affiliated teaching institutions. Almost half of the respondents indicated no female neurointerventionalist worked in their center. Female respondents were younger and age-adjusted analysis was undertaken. Significantly fewer females than males were married and had children. Significantly fewer females held supervisory roles, held academic titles, and significantly less had a mentor. Females were less satisfied in their careers. More females felt they receive less recognition than colleagues of the opposite sex. Males had a greater proportion of work time dedicated to neurointervention. Similar proportions of both genders experienced bullying in work (40%–47%); however, sexual harassment was more common for females. There were no differences between genders in how they dealt with complications or their effects on mental well-being. Conclusion There are many potential reasons why women are underrepresented in neurointervention, however, the literature suggests this is not unique to our specialty. Multiple long-term strategies will be necessary to address these issues, some of which are discussed in the article.

s Background Patient-facing health care workers (HCW) experience higher rates of COVID-19 infection, particularly at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, rates of COVID-19 among front-line home health and hospice clinicians are relatively unknown. Methods Visit data from a home health care and hospice agency in New Jersey early in the pandemic was analyzed to examine COVID-19 infection rates separately for clinicians exposed to COVID-19-contagious patients, and those without exposure to known COVID-19 contagious patients. Results Between March 5 and May 31, 2020, among home health clinicians providing in-person care, clinicians treating at least one COVID-19 contagious patient had a case rate of 0.8% compared to 15.7% for clinicians with no exposure to known COVID-19 contagious patients. Among hospice clinicians providing in-person care, those who treated at least one COVID-19 contagious patient had a case rate of 6.5%, compared to 12.9% for clinicians with no known exposure to COVID-19 contagious patients. Non-White clinicians had a higher COVID-19 case rate than White clinicians (10.9% vs 6.2%) Discussion Lower rates of COVID-19 infection among clinicians providing care to COVID-19-contagious patients may result from greater attentiveness to infection control protocols and greater precautions in clinicians’ personal lives. Greater exposure to COVID-19-contagious patients prior to patient diagnosis (“unknown exposures”) may explain differences in infection rates between home health and hospice clinicians with workplace exposures. Conclusion Clinicians providing in-person care to COVID-19-contagious patients experience lower rates of COVID-19 infection than clinicians providing face-to-face care with no known exposure to COVID-19 contagious patients. Our findings suggest there was a low incidence of potential workplace infections

Background: Returning to work can impact breastfeeding duration; limited data exist on how this may impact a lower income population. Methods: Data from U.S. Department of Agriculture's longitudinal study WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2 were used to assess breastfeeding duration ( 1 to 3 months after birth had lower odds of breastfeeding ≥12 months. Conclusions: Returning to work within 3 months after birth had a negative impact on breastfeeding for ≥12 months, particularly for those who returned full time. Efforts to support maternity leave and flexible work schedules could prolong breastfeeding durations among a low-income population. This study was a registered study at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02031978).

This multiple case study explores how instructors conceptualize and employ scaffolding in online courses. Participants included full time faculty (n = 4) who have designed and taught at least one online course within the past 12 months. Data sources included pre-interview surveys, semi-structured interviews, and online course observations. Data were analyzed by employing a general analytical strategy for developing a case description (Yin, 2018). The results showed that (a) instructors define scaffolding as a support to help students achieve course outcomes and (b) instructors implement different types of scaffolding (i.e., conceptual, metacognitive, procedural, strategic, and motivational) in hard and soft scaffolding forms. The results also showed that instructors' conceptualization and implementation of scaffolding differed based on their discipline and teaching philosophy, and the unique features of online courses. Implications for practice and research are discussed.

Under the background of rapid development of food industry, the main problems in the cultivation of full-time professional degree master in food processing and safety in China are analyzed, and compares the professional degree graduate education models of the United States, Britain and China, and proposes to foster innovation and practical ability as the center, optimizing the curriculum and reforming the teaching mode, strengthening vocational training, taking the project as the carrier, the tutors inside and outside the school are jointly trained to build a full-time food processing and safety master's training model with the trinity of "university practice platform-school-enterprise cooperation research institute/base-enterprise practice", providing reference for professional master's training model for relevant universities at home and abroad.

Background We want to analyze the effect of migration background (MB) on physician burnout and work-life balance. Methods In September 2019, physicians from various specialties answered a questionnaire on work and health. We analyzed a subsample of 526 physicians that were working full time in a hospital, 14% with an MB and 47.9% were female. Results Multivariate analysis showed that physicians with an MB exhibit significantly less favorable scores on all three burnout dimensions, and this effect persisted in the regression analysis after adding age, gender, and marital status as control variables. There were no differences with regard to work-life balance. Conclusions To our knowledge, our study is the first one to suggest that MB plays a significant role in physician mental health. Future research will benefit from identifying the factors behind that connection, e.g., problems related to acculturation, communication and social integration, which can then be addressed by policymakers in order to maintain and improve the medical infrastructure.

Background Studies on the impact of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID) for healthcare workers (HCWs) rarely include the full spectrum of hospital workers, including less visible patient support roles. In the early days of the pandemic, COVID testing was preferentially available to HCWs. The objective of this study was to understand how individual experiences for all HCWs during the pandemic were associated with perceptions of access to, and receipt of COVID testing . Methods All hospital employees (n = 6736) in a single academic medical center in Boston, Massachusetts were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey regarding perceived access to, and receipt of COVID testing during the first wave of the pandemic (March – August 2020). Responses were linked to human resources data. Log binomial univariate and multivariable models were used to estimate associations between individual and employment variables and COVID testing. Results A total of 2543 employees responded to the survey (38 %). The mean age was 40 years (± 14). Respondents were female (76 %), white (55 %), worked as nurses (27 %), administrators (22 %) and patient support roles (22 %); 56 % of respondents wanted COVID testing. Age (RR 0.91, CI 0.88–0.93), full time status (RR 0.85, CI 0.79–0.92), employment tenure (RR 0.96, CI 0.94–0.98), changes in quality of life (RR 0.94, CI 0.91–0.96), changes in job duties (RR 1.19, CI 1.03–1.37), and worry about enough paid sick leave (RR 1.21, CI 1.12–1.30) were associated with interest in testing. Administrators (RR 0.64, CI 0.58–0.72) and patient support staff (RR 0.85, CI 0.78–0.92) were less likely than nurses to want testing. Age (RR 1.04, CI 1.01–1.07), material hardships (RR 0.87, CI 0.79–0.96), and employer sponsored insurance (RR 1.10, CI 1.00-1.22) were associated with receiving a COVID test. Among all employees, only administrative/facilities staff were less likely to receive COVID testing (RR 0.69, CI 0.59–0.79). Conclusions This study adds to our understanding of how hospital employees view availability of COVID testing. Hazard pay or other supports for hospital workers may increase COVID testing rates. These findings may be applicable to perceived barriers towards vaccination receipt.

As a result of the health and safety concerns associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, in Spring 2020 social work programs nationwide were required to make significant shifts in their instructional methods and field placements. These changes often resulted in faculty members taking on new or additional responsibilities related to teaching and field. This work explores the experiences of full time faculty members from the 18 accredited Masters of Social Work (MSW) programs in Texas. Sixty faculty members completed an online survey about changes to their teaching and field related responsibilities during COVID-19. Results indicate that non-tenure track faculty were most acutely impacted by these changes, leading to significant increases in both teaching and field responsibilities relative to their tenure track peers. Additionally, faculty working at private institutions reported less of an impact on their workload than those working at public institutions. These results underscore the importance of supporting non-tenure track faculty, who are often women and from racial/ethnic groups historically underrepresented in academia, who are afforded less job security and employment related benefits, as they continue to take on additional responsibilities essential to the continued operation of MSW programs. Implications for future research and social work education are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Social Work Education is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background The National Association of Neonatal Nurse Practitioners (NANNP) partnered with the National Certification Corporation (NCC) to invite all NCC-certified neonatal nurse practitioners (NNPs) to participate in a national survey on NNP compensation, workforce environment, and satisfaction measures. Purpose To understand the current NNP compensation, benefits, and workforce environment. Methods An anonymous survey was sent to 6558 board-certified NNPs with 845 respondents. Results Most of the survey respondents (92%) are in direct patient care (n = 804) with 83% (n=703) working full time (35 hours or more). Those NNPs with less than 5 years' experience had a mean salary of $119,000 per year while more experienced NNPs (30-plus years) earned a mean salary of $134,000 per year. Half of the NNPs (51%) report high satisfaction with their scope of practice and role in their organization. Distribution of NNPs throughout the workforce is suboptimal, with 67% of the administrators indicating they do not have enough NNPs. Implications for practice and research The 2020 NANNP workforce survey collected information on NNP compensation, benefits, work environment, and experiences. It identified areas of satisfaction, such as compensation with bonuses and pay increases, and acknowledged areas needing improvement such as the lack of diversity within the profession. Utilizing the results of the survey will help create a more diverse, well-educated, and informed workforce to ensure culturally competent NNPs remain relevant within the healthcare system.

El presente artículo presenta una aproximación metodológica al estudio de los marcos reguladores de la descentralización educativa, con ayuda de la teoría lingüística de Stubbs, en torno a las palabras claves y el procesamiento del lenguaje natural con el lenguaje de programación Python. El objetivo de la propuesta es presentar a través de palabras claves (keywords) la totalidad de responsabilidades que una normativa otorga a instancias en las cuales participan actores que no están ligados al Estado en las labores de la descentralización. Se propone que la estrategia metodológica permitirá visualizar panorámicamente las funciones de las instancias en estudio, facilitando su comprensión preliminar para posteriores interpretaciones. Lo anterior se pone en práctica con el estudio del documento regulador del último proyecto de descentralización educativa llevado a cabo en El Salvador, el Sistema Integrado de Escuela Inclusiva de Tiempo Pleno (SI-EITP). Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 157, 2021: 33-54.

The present multiyear study sheds light on the effects of faculty status on student evaluations of teaching (SETs). By comparing actual SETs of full- versus part-time marketing faculty, this study fills a void in the marketing education literature. Collecting first-hand institutionally administered SETs ( N = 6,123) over a seven-year period, the extended data collection phase includes 21 semesters and 240 undergraduate courses. Study findings reveal that students perceive full-time faculty as more knowledgeable, enthusiastic, and better prepared for class than part-time faculty. Full-timers are also better able to communicate the subject matter and develop assignments focused on student learning than part-timers. In contrast, students perceive part-time faculty as better able to relate the course material to the real world, develop exam questions that reflect lectures and assignments, and return graded material more quickly than full-time faculty. Compared with part-time faculty, students perceive full-time faculty as being more rigorous and tougher in terms of grading. Given the differences regarding instructor knowledge, pedagogical skill, rigor, and grading, the discussion of the findings rests on how faculty status affects the overall quality of higher education.

Aims: To study the sources of stress of the medical and engineering competitive entrance exam aspirants attending coaching institutes in Delhi. Second, to study stress coping strategies used by the medical and engineering competitive entrance exams aspirants attending coaching institutes in Delhi. Third, to suggest some more stress coping strategies to parents and teachers. Methods: The study was descriptive in nature and cross-sectional study design was used. The study was conducted in August 2019.The population of the study consisted of the students preparing for medical and engineering competitive entrance exams who attend full time coaching institutes in Delhi and also attend their school. The sample of the study was 400 students, 200 each from medical and engineering coaching institutes in Delhi. A self -designed questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire consisted of two sections, the first section consisted of questions related to sources of stress and the second section comprised of questions related to stress coping strategies practice by the medical and engineering competitive entrance exam aspirants attending coaching institutes in Delhi .The questions were open ended based on 4 point Likert Scale.The questionnaire was administered to students and they were asked to fill the questionnaire. A total of 380 students out of 400 completed the questionnaire. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics. Frequency and Percentage analysis of each item of the questionnaire was done. Mean score and standard deviation of each item of the questionnaire was compiled. Findings: The study findings indicated that majority of the students reported academic (48%) and parental (39%) stressors as sources of stress. However personal (8%) and environmental stressors (5%) also contributed as the sources of stress to the medical and engineering competitive entrance exams aspirants attending coaching institutes in Delhi. The aspirants cope stress by using strategies such as practising yoga , listening music, surfing the internet , talking to like –minded people , playing outdoor games , communicating with parents and doing meditation. Some other coping strategies suggested by the researcher are practice visualization, taking calming breathe, practice progressive muscle relaxation, get organised, trying self- hypnosis. Novelty: The study investigates stress and coping strategies in competitive entrance exams aspirants attending medical and engineering coaching institutes in Delhi . It throws light on adolescent’s stress and the coping strategies used by these adolescents; hence the study contributes in providing remedies to handle stress by the parents, students and teachers. The study also provides basis to researchers for further in depth study of stress faced by students preparing for other competitive entrance exams and also to those students who do not attend coaching institutes and still aspires to prepare for competitive exams.

This study evaluated the self-perception of adolescents' oral health and their oral conditions and the need for treatment in relation to dental caries. An epidemiological survey was carried out in the municipality of Belém, Pará, Brazil, in 2018. The sample consisted of 200 students, aged 11 to 16 years old, from a full-time public school. The data were collected through a questionnaire where their self-perception of their oral health was assessed and an intra-oral examination was carried out to assess oral health conditions in relation to dental caries, using the Dental Caries Index and need for treatment (ICDNT). The data analysis was based on the Chi-square test, and when the npq

ObjectiveWe examined whether teleworking preference and frequency were associated with work functioning impairment.MethodsThis online cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire among 27,036 full-time Japanese workers. The Work Functioning Impairment Scale was used to measure work functioning impairment, and we performed multilevel logistic regression analysis.ResultsHigher odds ratios for work functioning impairment were observed among employees who preferred to telework compared with those who preferred working in the workplace. A similar trend was observed among employees who teleworked 4 or more days a week compared with those who almost never teleworked. When teleworking preference and frequency were adjusted, only teleworking preference was associated with work functioning impairment.ConclusionsA preference for teleworking was associated with work functioning impairment and one factor that increased the teleworking frequency.

Employment diversification depicts a dynamic socio-economic process where domestic workers widen the range of employment sources. Whereas, the prospect is usually based on a mix of Part-time and Full-time employment. Employment decisions significantly derive from the economic incentives such as wage differentials and the growth rates in different sub-sectors of economic activity. Research at hand summarizes and analyses Employment Diversification Patterns in Pakistan and the motives behind the labor shift. Time series data has been collected from various sources for 1990-2018. The Seemingly unrelated regression model has been applied for empirical estimations. The current analysis of employment pattern diversification concluded that part-time and full-time wages rates have a significant impact on the part and full-time employment in different sub-sectors of economic growth. Variation in wage rates in one sub-sector varies the employment level in different sectors. The estimates elaborated the significant rise in part-time employment these sub-sectors. Moreover, the dynamic interrelation between part-time and full-time employment is examined in the Agriculture, Construction, Electricity, Manufacturing, Wholesale and Retail Trade, Transport, Storage and Communication. These estimates show the quick adjustment of part-time employment within and across the sectors. Policies are needed to enhance labor mobility as one wants to diversify the employment one can do it to enhance the economic productivity.

This article examines the impact that the remuneration of municipal representatives has on the political competition in the Czech Republic. Municipal representatives can perform their office either full time (an 'engaged' representative) or part time (a 'disengaged' representative). It is common in some small Czech municipalities for there to be no full-time representatives, and even mayors are disengaged. There is no central database or website in Czech Republic that contains a list of all the municipalities and disengaged representatives and it was thus very difficult to obtain the necessary data. However, the authors discovered an original method for determining whether representatives are (dis)engaged and created a unique dataset of almost 6000 Czech municipalities. They used a specific item in the expenditures of every municipality's budget that concerns compulsory social insurance payments and they sorted municipalities according to whether their representatives worked full time or part time before the 2018 Czech municipal elections. They used ordinary least square regression models to reach conclusions. The results revealed that the presence of full-time representatives before the municipal elections increased the number of candidates per seat. Therefore, the authors found that there is greater electoral competitiveness in municipalities with full-time representatives who have higher salaries.

Objetivos: Conhecer a satisfação e qualidade do serviço sobre time de acesso vascular e terapia infusional (TAVTI) e identificar a importância do TAVTI para a equipe de saúde. Metodo: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo exploratória, descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. Aplicamos formulários para 149 profissionais. Resultados: Dos participantes, 46,97%(n:70) refere total satisfação frente ao TAVTI; a minoria 0,67%(n:1) demonstra insatisfação total; a maioria considera o serviço muito importante 71,14%(n:106) e excelente atuação para 44,96%(n:67). Apenas 1,34%(2) dos profissionais considerou a qualidade do trabalho regular. Dos participantes, 126 declararam: serviço humanizado; seguro para o paciente; necessita de capacitação e treinamento; material seguro; perí­odo integral. Conclusão: A atuação do TAVTI demonstra ser efetiva. Constatou-se a satisfação da equipe de saúde e a importância na pediatria devido í preservação do acesso venoso e o desejo dos profissionais em manter o TAVTI perí­odo integral. Frente ao percentual de qualidade considerado, excelente e ótimo.

Side-hustles, income-generating work performed alongside full-time jobs, are increasingly common as the gig economy provides opportunities for employees to perform supplementary work. Although scho...

Objectives: To investigate the faculty perceptions of their research skills, research productivity and related hindering factors at a public University in Afghanistan so as to help the Higher Education policy-makers make the required changes in their current decisions in terms of the quality of academic research in the country. Method: The study applied a mixed method approach within two phases: a quantitative phase, which tested the faculty perceptions of their research skills using a questionnaire and a qualitative phase, which examined the faculty insights on their research productivity as well as its determining factors. The study sample included 164 full time faculty members employed by the University. It started in July 2020 and ended at the beginning of December 2020. Findings: A new inventory was developed by the researcher to measure the faculty research skills. Findings based on this inventory indicated that faculty perceived to have mid level research skills with a low-level research productivity as evidenced by their research production. Three different types of hindering factors categorized as personal, institutional and management factors also appeared to be associated with the faculty research productivity. The study ends with specific suggestions to Afghan education policy-makers and faculty members so as to make the necessary changes and improvements in their policies with regard to research skills, research productivity and the determining factors. This study is the earliest study to investigate the faculty research skills and research productivity in Afghanistan university context. Keywords: The faculty; research skills; research productivity; hindering factors

Background Commercial growing up milks (GUMs) targeted at children from 12 to 36 months of age are a rapidly growing industry, particularly across the Asia Pacific. Methods The present study assessed the frequency of use and socio‐demographic and child associations of commercial GUM feeding in children, aged between 12 and 36 months, in capital cities in four Asia Pacific countries. Mothers of children aged between 12 and 36 months were surveyed, assessing GUM feeding frequency in the past month. A market research company database was used to survey across Asia Pacific urban cities, including Bangkok Thailand, Jakarta Indonesia, Singapore and Australian Capital Cities (ACC). Results More than 1000 women (n = 1051) were surveyed (Bangkok, n = 263; Jakarta, n = 275; ACC, n = 252; Singapore, n = 261). The mean (SD) age of mothers was 32.4 (5.3) years and that of children was 23.6 (6.7) months. In total, 62.7% of the children were fed GUMs more than once per week with significant country variance. In comparison with ACC, Asian countries were significantly more likely to feed GUMs ≥once per week: Bangkok [odds ratio (OR) = 5.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.8–8.6]; Jakarta (OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 2.3–5.5); and Singapore (OR = 7.4, 95% CI = 4.9‐11.1). Associations of GUM feeding included: maternal tertiary education; mothers younger than 30 years; working full time; and feeding of commercial infant formula under 12 months. Conclusions This is the first published study to explore commercial GUM feeding in and between countries. The incidence of GUM feeding, in contrast to international recommendations, signals the need for further research into the drivers for GUM feeding and its contribution to the diet.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptability of online education to students in higher learning institutions in Zambia. The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) forced the education system world-wide to adopt online education immediately. An online survey was conducted amongst the students at ZCAS and ZCAS University in Lusaka, Zambia. A randomly selected sample of 542 students participated in the online survey. Firstly, a descriptive statistical analysis of the responses was conducted in which frequencies were tabulated; thereafter, cross tabulations which produced chi-square value testing for significance and analysis of variances were run. The main findings of the study are that female students were more receptive of online education than their male counterparts, while postgraduate students embraced online education better that undergraduate students. However, the mode of study i.e. whether full time, part time or distance education, and the type of programme i.e. whether academic or professional had no significant influence on acceptability of online education. With respect to the challenges associated with online education, the study found that cost of data bundles and internet speed were the most significant hindrances to learners’ accessibility to online education. These and several other factors resulted in learners’ overall dissatisfaction with online education. The findings of this study can be used in designing strategies for online education in Zambia and across the world. The main recommendations are that universities should implement initiatives to motivate male learners to adopt online education, and reduce students’ cost of access to their online learning platforms.

Using longitudinal data and a cross-lagged, multigroup panel design, we examined unidirectional and bidirectional relationships between financial parenting and young adults' financial self-efficacy during the transition to adulthood. Because increasing college costs and student loan debt have changed the financial landscape of achieving higher education, we examined effects over time under 2 distinct conditions: a debt-financed college education and a debt-free college education. Analyses included the effects of 2 types of financial parenting: implicit role modeling and explicit communication. The sample was drawn from the Arizona Pathways to Life Success (APLUS) project, a cohort study of college students enrolled full time at a public university in the fall of 2007. Participants provided data at 3 time points across 5 years. The sample included 850 student loan borrowers and 800 nonborrowers. We found unidirectional patterns for both nonborrowers and borrowers depending on the type of financial parenting: Parents' explicit financial communication before college predicted higher levels of financial self-efficacy during freshman year for nonborrowers, whereas parents' implicit modeling before college predicted higher levels of financial self-efficacy during freshman year for borrowers. Financial self-efficacy led to less frequent explicit parental financial communication for nonborrowers after college but was associated with more frequent explicit parental financial communication during college for borrowers. Our findings suggest that explicit communication regarding basic finance principles is likely sufficient to support financial self-efficacy in a debt-free context, whereas observing parents' responsible financial behaviors may be beneficial for young adults who incur student loan debt. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

The paper examines the role of medical and social factors, general well-being, and quality of life in patients with hypertension. The role of the nurse of the therapeutic department in the preventive training of patients is emphasized to form a healthy lifestyle and reduce the pathogenic impact of negative social factors.Objective – substantiation of the main measures for prevention of hypertension and improvement of quality of life by studying medico-social and social factors of patients' quality of life with arterial hypertension by nurses.Material and methods. The survey (by questionnaire) involved 120 patients with arterial hypertension consulted at the Municipal Institution "Polyclinic №1" in Chernivtsi, including: men – 43.3%, women – 56.7% aged from 23 to 79 years. With the help of the questionnaires, medical and social, sociological factors of influence, general well-being and quality of life were studied. The research was conducted according to all ethical rules, in particular, in compliance with the principles of voluntariness, confidentiality, research integrity. The results of the study were processed by conventional statistical methods using computer packages STATISTICA 10 and presented by the appropriate number of observations, percentages, and the exact value of p.Results. I and II degree AH prevailed among the examined individuals, and burdened heredity was found in 62.5% (75 people). Insufficient amount of vegetables and fruits, fish in the diet and salt intake of more than 5 g per day (60%) was found. The vast majority of respondents had a secondary special, less of respondents – higher education. Social status survey: 71.62% were employed, most worked full time. According to the survey, 22.09% of people noted excellent working conditions, 38.37% – good, satisfactory – 25.58%, and 13.96% poor working conditions. It was found that the percentage of patients (60.47%), among whom there are excellent and good sanitary and working conditions, exceeds the percentage of respondents with satisfactory and poor working conditions (39.53%). The majority of respondents (53.49%) indicated satisfactory and poor psychological working conditions, which slightly exceeded the number of employees with excellent and good working conditions (46.51%). The advantage of assessing excellent and good material and technical working conditions over excellent and good psychological conditions (60.47% vs. 46.51%) was revealed. The financial condition of the majority of respondents was assessed as average (42.5%). The level of QOL fluctuated from very high to extremely low. Factors that led to a decrease in the level of QOL are the following: the indicator of "health" (1.44), "social status" (1.48), "job satisfaction" (1.59), "social activity" (1.62). Social factors such as financial difficulties, additional work to increase income were reported as negative during the last 6 months by every second patient; deterioration of mutual understanding, deterioration of relations: husband / wife, children, parents, friends, the threat of unemployment for relatives – every third respondent.Conclusions 1. 120 Patients with hypertension have a burdened heredity (62,5%), insufficient consumption of the recommended amount of vegetables and fruits (25,83%), fish in the diet (12,5%), and excessive salt consumption (60%); the predominance of people is with secondary special education and workers (71,62%) with excellent and good sanitation and satisfactory and poor psychological working conditions (39,53%), with an average financial situation (42,5%) and fluctuations in the level of QOL from very high to extremely low. 2. Hypertension worsens the QOL of patients, which is manifested by a decrease in both physical and psychological states. 3. The ability of patients to adequately perceive their disease and form attitudes toward treatment and prevention depends on the level of education. 4. Social support, training and diagnosis of hypertension are significant predictors of commitment to prevention and treatment. 5. Education of patients with hypertension on the principles of a healthy lifestyle by nurses, assistance in reducing the pathogenic impact of negative social factors, the constant promotion of medical knowledge will contribute to the formation of a responsible attitude to maintaining their own health, prevent complications, improve the QOL and social adaptation.

BACKGROUND: As lockdown measures to slow the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection begin to ease in the UK, it is important to assess the impact of any changes in policy, including school reopening and broader relaxation of physical distancing measures. We aimed to use an individual-based model to predict the impact of two possible strategies for reopening schools to all students in the UK from September, 2020, in combination with different assumptions about relaxation of physical distancing measures and the scale-up of testing.METHODS: In this modelling study, we used Covasim, a stochastic individual-based model for transmission of SARS-CoV-2, calibrated to the UK epidemic. The model describes individuals' contact networks stratified into household, school, workplace, and community layers, and uses demographic and epidemiological data from the UK. We simulated six different scenarios, representing the combination of two school reopening strategies (full time and a part-time rota system with 50% of students attending school on alternate weeks) and three testing scenarios (68% contact tracing with no scale-up in testing, 68% contact tracing with sufficient testing to avoid a second COVID-19 wave, and 40% contact tracing with sufficient testing to avoid a second COVID-19 wave). We estimated the number of new infections, cases, and deaths, as well as the effective reproduction number (R) under different strategies. In a sensitivity analysis to account for uncertainties within the stochastic simulation, we also simulated infectiousness of children and young adults aged younger than 20 years at 50% relative to older ages (20 years and older).FINDINGS: With increased levels of testing (between 59% and 87% of symptomatic people tested at some point during an active SARS-CoV-2 infection, depending on the scenario), and effective contact tracing and isolation, an epidemic rebound might be prevented. Assuming 68% of contacts could be traced, we estimate that 75% of individuals with symptomatic infection would need to be tested and positive cases isolated if schools return full-time in September, or 65% if a part-time rota system were used. If only 40% of contacts could be traced, these figures would increase to 87% and 75%, respectively. However, without these levels of testing and contact tracing, reopening of schools together with gradual relaxing of the lockdown measures are likely to induce a second wave that would peak in December, 2020, if schools open full-time in September, and in February, 2021, if a part-time rota system were adopted. In either case, the second wave would result in R rising above 1 and a resulting second wave of infections 2·0-2·3 times the size of the original COVID-19 wave. When infectiousness of children and young adults was varied from 100% to 50% of that of older ages, we still found that a comprehensive and effective test-trace-isolate strategy would be required to avoid a second COVID-19 wave.INTERPRETATION: To prevent a second COVID-19 wave, relaxation of physical distancing, including reopening of schools, in the UK must be accompanied by large-scale, population-wide testing of symptomatic individuals and effective tracing of their contacts, followed by isolation of diagnosed individuals.FUNDING: None.

The assessment of the capacity of Primary Health Care (PHC) settings for the management of hypertension is essential to identify areas for improving management outcomes. This study aimed to assess the capacity of PHC centers in Jordan to manage hypertension including the assessment of human resources, equipment, and infrastructure. All comprehensive PHC centers located in Irbid and Mafraq governorates in north of Jordan (n = 23) were assessed. An assessment tool from HEARTS Technical Package was adapted and used for assessment. All centers have general practitioners and half of the centers (n = 11, 47.8%) had at least one family doctor working full time. In only one center, all doctors, nurses, and other health workers were trained on the management of hypertension. All centers, except one, had at least one functional automatic blood pressure measuring devices (BPMDs). Almost two thirds of centers (43.5%) had no measuring tapes. ECG machines were present in all centers except two. One third (n = 8, 34.8%) of centers had no functional glucometers. The majority of health centres carry out the laboratory investigations. Educational materials on physical activity, hypertension, and diabetes were seen in four (17.4%) centers only. Necessary medications were always available in the majority of health centers. In conclusion, this assessment revealed many areas for improvement in human resources, equipment, infrastructures, and other resources, such as developing an updated guideline/protocol of hypertension management, training the PHC staff on these guidelines, providing PHC centers with the necessary equipment, and establishing e-registry to improve documentation of data.

© 2020 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved. BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal symptoms (MSSs) remain the most frequently reported type of injuries sustained during fire-ground operations in firefighters. However, there is a paucity of reports concerning the prevalence estimates of MSSs among female firefighters and different fire services across Canada. OBJECTIVES: To assess the point prevalence of self-reported MSSs, stratified by age and sex in a cohort of active duty firefighters from across Canada, and to determine whether age, sex or length of service can be used to predict the likelihood of the number of MSSs sustained. METHODS: We recruited 390 firefighters (272 males, 118 females). To identify the prevalence of self-reported rates of MSSs, firefighters were asked to complete a standardized 11-item questionnaire that asked, 'Please indicate whether you have experienced pain in any body region within the last week', with response options that included 'Yes', 'No', and 'Head', 'Neck', 'Shoulder', 'Arm/Elbow/Hand', 'Back', 'Stomach/Abdomen', 'Upper Thigh', 'Knee', 'Lower Leg', 'Foot', 'Other, please specify'. RESULTS: Among the 390 full-time firefighters, 212 (54%) indicated to have experienced some type of MSSs within the last week. The most prevalent region-specific MSSs included, 123 (32%) in the back region, 92 (24%) in the shoulder region, 74 (19%) in the neck region and 70 (18%) in the knee region. In addition, women indicated a 1.6 times greater likelihood of sustaining ≥2 MSSs when controlling for individual differences in age and years of service. CONCLUSIONS: The point prevalence of MSSs in a cohort of full-time firefighters was 54% (55% males; 53% females). Women experienced a 1.4-1.6 times greater likelihood of sustaining MSSs when controlling for individual differences in age and years of service.

This study determined the impact of COVID-19 among frozen meat business operators in the Tamale metropolis, Ghana. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 65 frozen meat business operators/respondents. The results showed that, most of the respondents had secondary education (50.8%), engaged in the business on full time (84.6%) and started it with their own capital (96.9%). COVID-19 had a negative impact on respondents (73.8%), most importantly low sales (64.6%). This was due to financial challenges of clients/customers (43.1%) and close-down of the hospitality industry (20.0%). Three of the respondents laid off workers due to COVID-19. Some (24.6%) of the respondents were not prepared for COVID-19 because they least expected it will cause such crises. Their businesses will collapse (44.6%) or they will close down their business themselves (43.1%) if lockdown due to COVID-19 lasts for more than 5 months. The respondents suggested the reduction of tax at the harbour (69.2%) as a potential means of assisting them during COVID-19 and massive reduction in the price of meat (41.3%) as a means of assisting their business post COVID-19. The study concludes that COVID-19 had negative effect on frozen meat operators in Tamale, Ghana.

“Only those who will risk going too far can possibly find out how far one can go”-TS Elliot. Joining the editorial support as a medical student, at the Journal of Nepal Medical Association, full-time responsibilities, were challenging to perform. Applying and getting into the Journal of Nepal Medical Association team was only the start of a very vast learning experience. Learning leadership qualities, time management skills, communication skills and technical skills, helped me to excel in my duty as assistant editor and a medical student. Involving in the training and working with authors and the editorial team, I have learned about the actual research and its scenario in Nepal.

We are living through a monumental change in work. Experiments during the pandemic turned into regular operations, and have had a profound impact on perceptions of the viability of remote work. I do not lightly use the word “profound.” The trend reverses more than two centuries of separating the location of work and residences. That separation has deep roots, and reflects something fundamental about the gains to society from separating work from other activities. All developed countries have this feature. The pandemic brought about an acceleration of remote work. To appreciate how suddenly this arrived, consider that two years ago less than 25% of the U.S. workforce participated in some sort of remote work at home, and it was typically less than half their work hours. During the height of the pandemic, however, approximately 40% of the U.S. labor force participated in remote work, and it was full time at home.

There are major assumptions that housing opportunities in higher education are equally accessible and available to all students. However, these accessible housing opportunities are not available to current and prospective students who possess a criminal record. Many college students with criminal records are deemed ineligible for adequate housing opportunities even before their applications are submitted. This study uses a qualitative layered analysis approach to explore how denials from on-campus housing affect college students with criminal records. Using the perspectives of this marginalized and invisible student population, we draw the reader’s attention to how students with criminal records are affected as a result of being denied on-campus housing, and we provide tangible recommendations for future research, housing practices, and housing policies in higher education.

Introduction: Musculoskeletal symptoms are affections, with or without tissue degeneration, that may present itself in many forms and be presented together with other multiple symptoms. Until the present moment its etiology is multifactorial and its pathological picture presents a great social relevance due to its coverage and magnitude. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in academics of full time (daytime) and part-time (nighttime) courses of UNICENTRO. Methods: 120 students of both courses participate in this study and in order to select the individuals there was utilize the method of proportional stratified sampling. Standardized Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms and the Visual Analogic Scale (VAS) as a way of pain identification were used. Results: Through observation of the results obtained by the questionnaires it was noticed a high prevalence of the symptoms in the analyzed academics, being 49% from Biological Science course and 44.8% from Physiotherapy course, emphasizing the vertebral column, being lumbar (9.42%) in physiotherapy academics and thoracic region (9.14%) in Biological Science academics, it was also noticed a high involvement in multiple regions (53.9%). Besides that, it was observed trough VAS the presence of mild pain (3,78 ± 2,38). Conclusion: It has been concluded that the most involved region was vertebral column, specifically the lumbar and thoracic regions. In this way, assumed that a biomechanical overload is responsible for this finding. Thereby, preventive and ergonomic measures and health promotion must be stimulated between young students, however, for such a propose new studies are necessary.

To examine the impact of full-time equivalent employee (FTEE) allocation to academic detailers on naloxone prescribing at the U.S. Veterans Health Administration (VA).Longitudinal nonequivalent control group posttest-only design using a random effects model.Closed cohort of primary care providers exposed to academic detailing between September 1, 2016, and September 20, 2018, at VA.Previous analysis identified a cutoff of 0.40 FTEE was associated with a greater return on investment. We evaluated whether this level of FTEE allocation was associated with increases in naloxone prescribing rates and compared providers who had an interaction with an academic detailer allocated 0.4 FTEE or greater (high FTEE) to providers who interacted with an academic detailer allocated less than 0.4 FTEE (low FTEE).Among VA primary care providers who received academic detailing, 1770 (68%) had interactions with a high FTEE academic detailer. There were no differences in demographics between providers who interacted with high FTEE and low FTEE academic detailers except for the distribution of provider classes (P = 0.004) and geographic districts (P0.001). Providers who interacted with high FTEE academic detailers had a greater average monthly number of naloxone prescriptions prescribed compared with low FTEE academic detailers (0.60 vs. 0.53; P = 0.005). In the random effects model, there was a 65% greater increase in the average monthly number of naloxone prescriptions prescribed among providers who interacted with a high FTEE academic detailer compared with providers who interacted with low FTEE academic detailers (P = 0.027). We also observed a dose-dependent relationship between the number of naloxone prescribed and the amount of FTEE allocated.This observational study highlights the potential benefits (e.g., increased naloxone prescribing) of academic detailers having more FTEE allocated. Hence, implementation of academic detailing needs to consider the amount of dedicated time for academic detailers, given competing VA priorities.

Mental health problems among children present an important public health issue worldwide. Early detection, assessment, and support in schools might have a significant impact on mental health outcomes and child health and wellbeing. The purpose of this article is to show the mental health support system and its historical transition in Japan. In general, Japanese schools have a Yogo teacher (a school nurse) who works full time, as well as three types of mental health specialists who work part time: school counselors, advisors, and social workers. The regularity of visits from the three types of specialists depends on schools and regions. In general, school counselors visit schools more often than do other specialists, for approximately 4 h per week. The other specialists either visit the schools rarely or not at all because they are sometimes not hired. The strengths of the Japanese system included much provision of psychological consultations and a small budget compared to Western countries. Almost all school counselors are clinical psychologists with master's degrees who are skillful at handling students' mental problems. Moreover, they are capable of providing intensive psychological counseling in school settings in Japan. The weakness is that there is no specialist available who supports students' academic or school life. General teachers take on the role of the Western countries' "school counselors." There are also few specialists who can be approached for social support compared to Western countries.

Research development (RD) is a relatively new area of professional practice in and outside higher education for which “the full extent of practitioner purposes and practices is yet to be delineated” (Preuss, Eck, Fechner Walker, 2018, p. 2). To address this gap, data was compiled from 442 position descriptions, two surveys that asked about the background, experience, employers, roles, responsibilities, and salaries of RD professionals, and the membership roll of the National Organization of Research Development Professionals (NORDP). Quantitative and qualitative analyses were completed as well as comparisons of findings from each of the sources. The result was an overview of the field and the persons who work in it. The average research development professional was a middle-aged, White, female with six or less years of experience in RD who held an advanced degree, who worked full time in a position she had occupied for four years or less and for an entity where she had been employed for longer than four years. More than 75% of the RD professionals were women but minorities were underrepresented as in many other areas of higher education and in STEM-related fields. More than half of the informants were recruited to, grew into, or had positions created for them in RD by their employer rather than being recruited from outside the organization. Approximately 72% of research development professionals in the United States worked at public colleges or universities in 2017, with the same percent working for doctorate-granting institutions. Their employers were located in 49 US states and one territory but there was a group of 14 states in which two-thirds of all known RD professionals could be found. There was also a tendency for large state and private universities that have more selective admission policies and a strong and extended focus on conducting research to employ groups of five or more RD professionals. RD professionals hold positions with a wide range of responsibilities, 62 were demonstrated to be part of the field. The data substantiated that these can be grouped in four categories already used by practitioners, strategic research advancement, communicating about research and research priorities, enhancing collaboration, and support of proposal production. Evidence of employment tiers and development of areas of specialization was found with statistically significant differences in responsibilities demonstrated between persons with the title Director and Proposal Developer/Grant Writer. RD offices tended to be small, most commonly staffed by one to two persons. Centralized offices were the type most frequently reported, 37.6% of respondents, but seven other organizing patterns existed. RD offices with five or more employees occurred at larger, flagship institutions that have had an historic focus on externally-funded research yet, over half of research development offices were reported to have existed for six years or less. Compensation reported for research development professionals was comparable to that noted by McDonald and Sorensen (2015) for Assistant and Associate Professors. Combined, the data facilitated formulation of the first detailed definition of research development that is fully evidence-based including identifying RD’s contribution to the mission of higher education and an operational description of how RD is practiced.

PurposeThis paper aims to describe the nature of an agricultural lending position and reports an industry perspective of skills required for a new graduate entering the profession.Design/methodology/approachLoan officers and those directly supervising loan officers were surveyed regarding job characteristics and perceptions of the skills needed for career success.FindingsLenders perceive on-the-job training to be slightly more valuable than post-secondary training for preparing students for a career in agricultural lending. Financial skills were rated to be roughly as important as non-financial skills for early career success. Financial topics identified as important include financial statements, breakeven analysis and accrual-basis earnings. Communication and risk analysis were rated as the most important non-financial topics needed for early career success. Regarding their jobs, lenders indicated that they devote much of their time to managing loans and developing or maintaining relationships with customers. Benefits were identified as the most important feature for job satisfaction, particularly among agricultural lenders, that also work essentially full time on a farm or ranch. Work environment, work flexibility, location and salary were also considered to be important job characteristics.Originality/valueThis paper updates the literature regarding industry's preferred skills and refines the surveyed audience to only those currently performing or directly supervising agricultural lending. It adds a unique perspective on the work time allocated to various agricultural lending activities and lenders' valuation of job characteristics. These insights may guide curricular and course design, career planning and employee recruitment and marketing efforts.

Young people entering tertiary education in postindustrial societies choose their courses in the context of widespread uncertainty about future career prospects. At the same time, choice of degree ...

Aim We aimed to quantify the work-related physical activity of physiotherapists in Germany. Subjects and methods We included working physiotherapists aged between 18 and 65 years in Germany. We excluded physiotherapists working less than 20 h a week. We measured our primary outcome, work-related physical activity, by the average number of steps taken daily during work, standardized on an 8-h working day. We controlled the main outcome for potential confounders, such as working hours per week, age, weekday, and clinical setting (outpatient vs. inpatient), by multivariate linear regression analysis. We used R statistics for all statistical analyses. Results We included 35 participants (7 outpatient and 28 inpatient), with a median age category of 20–29 years. Our participants had a mean work-related physical activity of 6614 steps (95% confidence interval, CI [6118; 7111]) per workday. Higher age, outpatient clinical setting, and working full time were associated with lower step count, but these associations were not statistically significant. Conclusions The work-related physical activity of physiotherapists in Germany is comparable with results from other countries and can be regarded as ‘low’. Our result, however, might be affected by volunteer bias and gender effects. Further research should identify high-risk groups in the profession for cost-effective prevention.

The study is an attempt to better understand the complex nature of academic support in higher education, particularly, drawing from the voices of the existing international postgraduate students at a selected university in South Africa. This qualitative study is explorative and participatory in nature and draws on the question: what are the international postgraduate students’ constructions of academic support in a South African university? 12 full time international students were purposively selected. The main findings are illustrated and discussed under 3 broad themes namely: intrapersonal relationships and resilience’s; improved interpersonal relationships among international students; as well as the effect of postgraduate strategic teaching and learning programmes. Significantly, the findings of this study revealed that the international postgraduate students reported a slightly higher level of agency towards their academic activities. A possible explanation may be found in the diverse set of university activities that students access for support. This paper concludes by exploring what lessons emerge when participatory visual methodologies, such as photovoice, are integrated into research with students about their own learning.

This article has as its theme the policies of full-time education, discussing the concepts of comprehensive education and full time education, explaining the differences between them. It seeks to analyze the processes of implementing a full-time policy in brazilian education, highlighting the importance of this process being guided by principles that privilege integral human training and the fight against social inequalities. The main reference for such analysis is the work of the Brazilian educator Paulo Freire, in addition to official documents and the legislation relevant to the issue. For an empirical analysis of the context in which this debate takes place in the country, the paths and deviations of the More Education and New More Education Program are taken as a reference, in addition to the emergence of movements such as School without Party. The analysis that is done corroborates the statement regarding the need for a comprehensive education, which considers human beings in their integrality and integrity.

Although Singapore cannot be used as a model for global Islamic education, this country has quite several madrasahs. The Singapore government is also quite responsive in providing support for the continuation of Islamic education activities. This study aims to analyze the Islamic education system—madrasah management and curriculum in Singapore. Most importantly, this study identifies how the role of madrasahs in the Singapore education system is. The study in this paper is qualitative. This study uses library research, and the method of content analysis and constant comparative analysis becomes the first option of the writer. The results show that Singapore's Islamic Ugama Majlis (MUIS) plays a significant role in monitoring and managing the development of Islamic education in Singapore, which performs three types of Islamic education, Part-Time Education, Full Time Education, and Islamic Study Program for the Community. MUIS created a special curriculum by proposing the Singapore Islamic Education System (SIES) by introducing the ALIVE curriculum. The role and relevance of madrasahs cannot be underestimated or dismissed because the growing Muslim community and society will always need the right channels for real Islamic education regardless of how progressive or modern it is. This paper provides a broad view of madrasah in Singapore and looks at management, curriculum, and the role of madrasahs.

Background Employed women tend to exclusively breastfeed less than non-employed women. Early returning to work has been major reason why employed women stop exclusive breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to investigate exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) cessation and associated factors among employed mothers in Dukem town, Central Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2015 using total sample of 313 randomly selected permanently employed women. Information regarding participants’ work-related factors, health service and sociodemographic factors were collected by face to face interview using structured questionnaire. Data were checked for completeness, entered and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Binary logistic regression was done to identify factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding cessation. The strength of association was measured using odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. Results Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding cessation was 75.7% (95% CI 71.0, 80.5%). Having a short duration of maternity leave (AOR 9.3; 95% CI 3.8, 23), being a full time employee (AOR 3.5; 95% CI 1.7, 11), being private organization employee (AOR=2.1, 95% CI(1, 4.3)), lack of flexible work time (AOR 3.0; 95% CI 1.2, 7.5), not pumping breast milk (AOR 4.3; 95% CI 1.7, 11), lack of a lactation break (AOR 6.7; 95% CI 3,14.5) and work place far away from her child (AOR 3.1; 95% CI 3.1, 6.3), were significantly associated with cessation of EBF among employed mothers. Conclusion Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding cessation was much higher than the international and national expectation. The concerned governmental bodies should consider improving the legislation of the 3 months postpartum maternity leave to reduce employed mother’s exclusive breastfeeding cessation.

Objectives: The motive of this research study is to evaluate the influence and attractiveness of Social Networking Sites (SNSs) in the amidst the full time working journalists and the part time media practitioners, located in Hyderabad and Karachi practicing on SNSs in their professional field of work. This study examines individual approach, comfort ability, usefulness, and inclination towards the most popular SNSs. Method: The statistics of this research work were congregated through Web-based Questionnaire Survey. That was dispended among the journalists of Hyderabad and Karachi region in Sindh Province, Pakistan. The data were collected through an online Google Docs form out of 386,309; valid questioners were selected for this research and evaluated in SPSS Software. This research work has focused on acceptance of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) proposed by Davis (1986) for diversified description of information system and communication technologies. This research examines individual inclination towards Social Media in a Media Profession. Findings: The pronouncement has been shown in Tables and then illustrated and interpreted to perceive the SNSs e.g. Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Whatsapp, etc. and their acceptance and adoption by full time journalists and part time media practitioners. In this approach, it was recognized that the journalists have a great inclination towards SNSs which enables them to exchange information promptly with ease and confidently practice in the field of journalism. Novelty: In the era of technology, SNSs like; facebook, Instagram, Bebo, Twitter, and Whatsapp are widely used by professional journalists as well as active citizens for journalistic purposes which highlight the untold stories. Keywords: Social Network Sites, TAM, Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp, Journalists.

Esse trabalho objetivou avaliar as implicações do trabalho remoto em uma equipe de desenvolvedores de software de uma empresa de base tecnológica (EBT) na cidade de Florianópolis. Os dados coletados advêm de um questionário disponibilizado pelo Google Forms e respondido, entre 28/10/2019 e 04/11/2019, por nove colaboradores que trabalham remotamente em tempo integral, constando 45 perguntas (quatro discursivas e 41 de múltipla escolha). Também foi realizada uma entrevista com o gestor da equipe, presencialmente, com um roteiro semiestruturado (sete questões discursivas) em 19/11/2019. Verificaram-se o perfil dos respondentes, suas motivações e personalidade. Também foi investigada a modalidade de trabalho remoto exercida, caracterizada por home office e trabalho realizado durante os dias úteis. Analisou-se o modo como funciona o trabalho remoto na organização no que se refere a controle de resultados, informações sobre a modalidade e comunicação. Por último, apresentaram-se as mais diversas vantagens agregadas a essa forma laboral, e os inúmeros desafios à organização e aos colaboradores.

This study examines the impact of differences between senior manager compensation and salaries of full-time employees in non-management positions (DME) on corporate governance evaluation system (CGES). It seeks to understand whether corporate governance can consistently promote the success of company insiders, outsiders, and improve the corporate governance structure’s supervision. Empirical results show that DME has a positive influence on CGES in Big 4 CPA firms, which have better corporate governance evaluation levels. Deloitte, PWC, and KPMG have significantly better evaluation ratings of corporate governance. In addition, different types of conglomerate control for DME manager governance and co-governance have greater positive effects. Finally, non-change lead CPA, change concurring CPA, and non-change concurring CPA show that companies have better corporate governance evaluation. To encourage listed companies to attach importance to the level of corporate governance and assist in the effectiveness of capital market operations, a company should review and promptly implement an overall remuneration policy to comply with corporate governance trends. All listed companies can gradually implement and improve corporate governance to assist investors and other companies in understanding their effectiveness.