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The association between socioeconomic disadvantage and increased risk of depressive symptoms in adulthood is well established. We tested 1) the contribution of early exposure to neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage to later depressive symptoms throughout life, 2) the persistence of the potential association between early exposure and depressive symptoms, and 3) the contributions of other known risk factors to the association. Data were collected from the Young Finns Study, a prospective, population-based 32-year follow-up study that included participants aged 3–18 years at baseline in 1980. Participants were followed up with repeated measurements of depressive symptoms between 1992 and 2012 (n = 2,788) and linked to national grid data on neighborhood disadvantage via residential addresses. We examined the associations in mixed models separately for the 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-year follow-ups. Living in a disadvantaged neighborhood during childhood and adolescence was associated with a higher level of depressive symptoms in adulthood during all follow-up periods (β = 0.07, P = 0.001) than living in a nondisadvantaged area. Individual adulthood socioeconomic status mediated the associations. These findings suggest that living in a socioeconomically disadvantaged area during childhood and adolescence has a long-lasting negative association with mental health irrespective of family-related risks, partially due to socioeconomic adversity later in life.

Background: Football is a game in which anthropometric characteristics are important factors for specific player positions, where morphological characteristics differ in relation to the competitive level and the position in the game. Body composition is an important indicator of the physical fitness and general health of athletes so today its often discussed in scientific literature. The aim of the research was to determine the differences in the anthropometric characteristics of the professional football players in relation to the player's position and to determine their importance in the game. Material: Twenty-nine male football players of the national team of Serbia participated in the research, in which the body height, weight and Body mass index were measured. Results: The results of the study indicate that statistically significant differences in body height and body weight were recorded between goalkeepers and midfielders (p

Inadequate diet influences chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in Spain. CVD figures vary from one geographical region to another, this could be associated with different food choices. Our aim was to analyse the influence of geographical area on nutrient intakes among the Spanish adult population with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). We analysed cross-sectional baseline data from the PREDIMED-Plus study: 6646 Spanish adults, aged 55&ndash, 75 years, with overweight/obesity and MetS in four geographical areas. A validated 143-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess energy and nutrient intakes. The prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake was estimated according to Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between geographical area (North, Central, East and South areas) and inadequate nutrient intake. People in the North area consumed significantly lower amounts of vegetables and fish but more sugar and alcohol (p &lt, 0.001) than other areas. Dietary fibre, vitamin A, E, calcium and magnesium intakes were all lower among men of North area than in the other areas (p &lt, 0.001). Sex (women), non-smoker and physical activity were also associated to adequate nutrient intake. Geographical area influences nutrient intakes. Its effect on dietary quality should be taken into account when planning food policies.

Purpose: Proper evaluation of polyphenols intake at the population level is a necessary step in order to establish possible associations with health outcomes. Available data are limited, and so far no study has been performed in people with diabetes. The aim of this work was to document the intake of polyphenols and their major food sources in a cohort of people with type 2 diabetes and in socio-demographic subgroups. Methods: We studied 2573 men and women aged 50–75 years. Among others, anthropometry was measured by standard protocol and dietary habits were investigated by food frequency questionnaire (EPIC). The intake of polyphenols was evaluated using US Department of Agriculture and Phenol-Explorer databases. Results: The mean total polyphenol intake was 683.3 ± 5.8 mg/day. Non-alcoholic beverages represented the main food source of dietary polyphenols and provided 35.5% of total polyphenol intake, followed by fruits (23.0%), alcoholic beverages (14.0%), vegetables (12.4%), cereal products and tubers (4.6%), legumes (3.7%) and oils (2.1%); chocolate, cakes and nuts are negligible sources of polyphenols in this cohort. The two most important polyphenol classes contributing to the total intake were flavonoids (47.5%) and phenolic acids (47.4%). Polyphenol intake increased with age and education level and decreased with BMI; furthermore, in the northern regions of Italy, the polyphenol intake was slightly, but significantly higher than in the central or southern regions. Conclusions: The study documents for the first time the intake of polyphenols and their main food sources in people with diabetes using validated and complete databases of the polyphenol content of food. Compared with published data, collected in people without diabetes, these results suggest a lower intake and a different pattern of intake in people with diabetes. © 2016 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

Information hovering is relevant in vehicular ad hoc networks in cases where critical information needs to be made available to all vehicles in a bounded geographical area, called the hovering area, for a specific amount of time. In cases of low traffic density within the hovering area, a number of vehicles may not receive the critical information due to partitioning of the vehicular network. In previous work we proposed an information hovering scheme which increases the achieved reachability, by employing probabilistic flooding outside the hovering area. Informed vehicles outside the hovering area offer alternative paths towards the uninformed vehicles thus increasing reachability. In this work we investigate the robustness of the proposed protocol with respect to changing hovering area, transmission range of the vehicles and the message loss probability. We verify that the protocol continues to work effectively in all scenarios outperforming other approaches which have been proposed in literature. In addition, we investigate enhancements to the proposed protocol which ensure improved performance in cases of high traffic density within the hovering area. We apply probabilistic flooding within the hovering area and we observe that retransmission probabilities less than one suffice to lead to high reachability values. © 2013 IEEE. 622 628 Sponsors: IEEE-USA World Academy of Connected Vehicles Conference code: 105045

In the last years, the extraction of the information content from digital images has assumed a crucial role in many application fields, such as risk assessment, analysis of damages, deforestation, environmental monitoring, earth observation, as a fundamental instrument to carry out specific and pointed studies. In this context the change detection of remotely sensed images takes place. Detecting changes means performing a spatial comparison of two or more images acquired over the same geographical area at different times. This operation can be performed on a per-pixel basis as well as on a per-object basis, depending on the aim of the specific application. In particular, in this paper two versions of the same change detection algorithm are presented, the one working on a per-pixel basis while the other working on an per-object basis, applied specifically for the monitoring of a water supply infrastructure. This algorithm provides the changes occurred in optical images' spectral content, as well as in their radiance content, by calculating two change features: the spectral angle made by two corresponding spectral vectors in the compared images, and the so-called Brightness Change Factor. The object-based version of the presented change detection algorithm has been developed according to an IIM - Image Information Mining context, in order to introduce an automated procedure to detect changes; furthermore, it has been developed with an a image analysis framework, called IPAINT - Image Processing Analysis Interpretation and Trasconding, which can be used for various applications thanks to its versatility, since it offers many different techniques for image processing.

A large scale blackout is a long term loss of electricity over a large geographical area. In order to succeed with the restoration, the electric utility SCADA system must be highly reliable not only in normal operation but also during a black out. The main contribution of this paper is a circuit breaker (CB) reliability model to be used in restoration planning. The model consider both the reliability of a SCADA system and the reliability of a communication system during a power outage. If a remote control of CB fails, due to battery undersizing, it is assumed in the paper that a manual operation of CB can be performed if field personal can communicate with the TSO head-quarter. The evaluation of the reliability to operate CB is performed by solving the so called s-t reliability problem for a graph with failure prone components. The method is applied in a case study where the SCADA architecture for an IEEE reliability test system is modeled. QC 20111220 Sponsors: IEEE; IEEE Power and Energy Society (PES)© 2011 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.

Information Hovering applies in many applications in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks, where useful information needs to be made available to all vehicles within a confined geographical area for a specific time interval. A straightforward approach is to have all vehicles within the hovering area exchange messages with each other. However, this method does not guarantee that all vehicles within the hovering area will receive the message due to potential partitioning of the network in areas with low traffic density and/or low market penetration rate. To alleviate this problem in this work we propose a scheme which is based on the application of epidemic routing within the hovering area and probabilistic flooding outside the hovering area. Informed vehicles outside the area can serve as information bridges towards partitioned uninformed areas thus leading to high reachability. A unique feature of the proposed protocol is that it is adaptive in the sense that the rebroadcast probability outside the hovering area is adaptively regulated based on estimates of the vehicle density within the hovering area. We evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme using VISSIM. The reference model used in all simulation experiments represents a section of the road network in the cities of Bellevue and Redmond in Washington. The obtained simulation results indicate that the proposed protocol is successful in satisfying its design objectives and that it outperforms other candidate hovering protocols. © 2010 IEEE. 239 246 Conference code: 83890 Cited By :12

Information Hovering is a relatively new concept of information dissemination over a mobile set of peers. It naturally applies in many applications in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks, where useful information needs to be made available to all vehicles within a confined geographical area for a specific time interval. A straightforward approach, is to have all vehicles within the hovering area exchange messages with each other. However, this method does not guarantee that all vehicles within the hovering area will receive the message due to potential partitioning of the network in areas with low traffic density and/or low market penetration rate. In this work, we address the problem by applying probabilistic flooding schemes outside the hovering area. Informed vehicles outside the hovering area can serve as information bridges towards partitioned uninformed areas thus leading to high reachability.We consider a number of rebroadcast probability functions and we evaluate their performance using the microscopic simulation tool VISSIM. Our reference model represents a section of the road network in the cities of Bellevue and Redmond in Washington. The obtained results indicate that probabilistic flooding with a Gaussian like probability function outperforms other approaches by achieving high reachability values and a relatively small number of exchanged messages. © 2009 IEEE. Conference code: 79889 Cited By :6