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// Yu Liu 1, 2 , Wei Mu 2 , Wei Xiao 3 , Bao-Lin Wei 2 , Lan Wang 4 , Xin-Qiao Liu 5 , Xu-Dong Xiong 6 , Xiao-Min Huang 7 , Ye-Qing Zhang 8 , Hai-Ming Chen 9 , Feng-Jie Yan 10 , Yu-Ping Tan 11 and Yu-Hong Huang 2 1 Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, China 2 The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300150, China 3 State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu 222001, China 4 Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100007, China 5 The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China 6 Shanghai ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China 7 Zhejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China 8 Jiangsu Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China 9 Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, China 10 Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China 11 Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China Correspondence to: Yu-Hong Huang, email: hyh101@126.com Keywords: Re-Du-Ning injection, seasonal influenza, oseltamivir, clinical trial Received: March 29, 2017 Accepted: June 24, 2017 Published: July 13, 2017 ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of RDNI in the treatment of seasonal influenza. Results: 1575 participants were screened and 229 completed the study and had a RT-PCR laboratory confirmation of influenza virus infection. Fever alleviation time was 2 and 6 hours, and fever clearance time was 27 and 47 in RDNI and oseltamivir, with significant difference between two groups. Total scores of influenza symptoms descended more in RDNI than oseltamivir on day 2 and day 3. Single symptom such as fever, aversion to cold, sore throat and nasal obstruction score descended more in RDNI than oseltamivir on different days. 20 subjects used aspirin during the trial, and there was no significant difference between two groups. Materials and Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, oseltamivir controlled clinical trial. Patients with a positive influenza rapid test diagnosis were enrolled and randomized to receive RDNI or oseltamivir. Primary outcome was the median fever alleviation and clearance time. Secondary outcomes were total 8 influenza symptom scores, the single influenza symptom score, and the frequency of aspirin usage. Conclusions: The effect of RDNI was not worse than oseltamivir on the alleviation of influenza symptoms. RDNI was well tolerated, with no serious adverse events noted during the study period.

Vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) is frequently used in abdominal surgeries. However, relevant guidelines are rare. Chinese Trauma Surgeon Association organized a committee composed of 28 experts across China in July 2017, aiming to provide an evidence-based recommendation for the application of VSD in abdominal surgeries.Eleven questions regarding the use of VSD in abdominal surgeries were addressed: (1) which type of materials should be respectively chosen for the intraperitoneal cavity, retroperitoneal cavity and superficial incisions? (2) Can VSD be preventively used for a high-risk abdominal incision with primary suture? (3) Can VSD be used in severely contaminated/infected abdominal surgical sites? (4) Can VSD be used for temporary abdominal cavity closure under some special conditions such as severe abdominal trauma, infection, liver transplantation and intra-abdominal volume increment in abdominal compartment syndrome? (5) Can VSD be used in abdominal organ inflammation, injury, or postoperative drainage? (6) Can VSD be used in the treatment of intestinal fistula and pancreatic fistula? (7) Can VSD be used in the treatment of intra-abdominal and extra-peritoneal abscess? (8) Can VSD be used in the treatment of abdominal wall wounds, wound cavity, and defects? (9) Does VSD increase the risk of bleeding? (10) Does VSD increase the risk of intestinal wall injury? (11) Does VSD increase the risk of peritoneal adhesion?Focusing on these questions, evidence-based recommendations were given accordingly. VSD was strongly recommended regarding the questions 2–4. Weak recommendations were made regarding questions 1 and 5–11. Proper use of VSD in abdominal surgeries can lower the risk of infection in abdominal incisions with primary suture, treat severely contaminated/infected surgical sites and facilitate temporary abdominal cavity closure. Keywords: Guideline, Vacuum sealing drainage, Abdominal surgery

A Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is the final decision maker of an enterprise and is the central figure influencing the culture of that enterprise. A CEO has a personal brand, which in collusion with a corporation’s business brand casts a halo effect upon clients, customers, and employees, both present and potential. To date, most of the research on personal brands has been restricted to discussions over methods of building up personal brands: there has been no definitive research towards the construction of an evaluative scale of business CEO personal brands. Our current research has developed just such a scale, using seven evaluative dimensions to measure the work standards, competency, charisma, personality, values, character, and leadership qualities of a CEO. This unique scale enables users to clearly distinguish the personal brand of a business CEO. Researchers such as Bennis and O’Toole (2000) have suggested that boards of directors need to find more effective means of selecting their CEOs [1]. We believe that our scale can and should assist boards of directors faced with the question of whether a CEO’s personal brand meets the expectations of their enterprise.

Expatriates play the critical role and are expected to demonstrate performances. Therefore, providing sufficient quantity and quality trainings to expatriates is critical for MNEs. With qualitative approach, this paper proposes four expatriate training strategies which consist of pre-departure training and supportive training for different internationalization situations after the literature review. We selected 4 presentative international companies from 2014 Outward Investment Directory of Taiwan as examples to explain four expatriate training strategies with different internationalization situations. We hope the contingent expatriate training strategies will facilitate MNEs to create and maintain competitive advantages.

Neighbor discovery is a fundamental building block for wireless sensor networks (WSNs), because it is the first step to establish communication links between sensor nodes. Traditional neighbor discovery problems mainly focus on static wireless networks, or networks where all nodes operate on the same frequency. However, the proliferation of mobile devices and multi-channel communications post new challenges to this problem. In this paper, we present an effective neighbor discovery system named EasiND for asynchronous and asymmetrical duty-cycle multi-channel mobile WSNs. Firstly, we propose an optimal synchronous multi-channel neighbor discovery algorithm based on quorum system, which can bound the discovery latency in multi-channel scenario with low power consumption. Secondly, we design an asynchronous neighbor discovery quorum system for multi-channel WSNs. Theoretical analyses demonstrate that EasiND achieves a 33.3 and 50 % reduction in power-latency product when compared to U-Connect and Acc respectively. Thirdly, in order to enable EasiND to be applied to asymmetrical duty-cycle system, we propose an on-demand time slot activation scheme that combines random and cooperative methods together, which effectively reduces discovery latency. Finally, we present a channel scanning acceleration approach based on spatio-frequency characteristics of discovered neighbors, which further decreases discovery latency. We evaluate the performance of EasiND through comprehensive test-bed experiments. Experimental results show that EasiND decreases average discovery latency by up to 84.5 % compared to U-Connect and Acc, and achieves at least 95.6 and 97 % average fraction of discoveries in a predefined time limitation under 12 and 3 % duty-cycles.

Background Spontaneous rupture is one of the most fatal complications of HCC. The incidence of HCC still remains a significant health problem in Eastern Asia. Many studies have shown that the in-hospital or 30-day mortality rates are as high as 25–100 %. It is often difficult to stratify these patients based on clinical manifestations and biochemical data, for deciding on an appropriate treatment strategy, especially when the patient’s hemodynamic status is unstable. This study aimed to explore the clinical outcomes of treatment of spontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma with hemorrhagic shock. Methods One hundred and sixty two patients with hemorrhagic shock secondary to spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma were included in this retrospective study. The therapeutic methods included conservative treatment, transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) and hepatectomy. The outcomes in terms of 30 day and 1 year survival were analyzed. Results Thirty five (21.6 %) received only conservative management, TAE was performed in 48 (29.6 %) and partial hepatectomy (emergency and staged) in 106 (65.4 %) patients. The 30-day survival rate was lower in patients receiving conservative treatment (8.6 %) than in those receiving either hepatectomy or TAE (88.2 %; P

The commonly used minimally invasive methods for patients with infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) are initial endoscopic transluminal drainage (ETD) and percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD), which are followed, if necessary, by endoscopic or surgical necrosectomy. This study intends to explore which of the two minimally invasive treatments leads to a better prognosis.Patients with IPN and an indication for intervention were prospectively enrolled and underwent either initial ETD or PCD followed, if necessary, by endoscopic or surgical necrosectomy.Initial treatment success occurred in 8 of 11 patients after ETD (72.7%) and in 3 of 13 patients after PCD (30.8%) (risk ratio [RR] with ETD, 2.36; 95% CI 0.97-5.77; P = 0.04). After 1 year of follow-up, 72.7% of patients survived with ETD, and 69.2% survived with PCD (RR 1.05; 95% CI 0.63-1.75; P = 0.85). Intestinal fistula seems to have occurred less in the patients who received initial ETD rather than PCD therapy (9.1 vs. 38.5%; RR 0.24; 95% CI 0.03-1.73; P = 0.098). Fewer patients who underwent an initial ETD were transferred to surgery (9.1 vs. 46.2%; RR 0.20; 95% CI 0.03-1.40; P = 0.047). A higher rate of new-onset diabetes (3 cases) or impaired glucose tolerance (1 case) occurred in initial PCD compared to ETD (40 vs. 0%, P = 0.042).The outcomes of initial endoscopic transluminal drainage are superior to percutaneous drainage for patients with infected pancreatic necrosis (ChiCTR-ONRC-13003653).

This paper proposes an Integer Nonlinear Programming (INLP) mathematical model to investigate the practical situations of production scheduling and planning with a parallel-machine layout focusing on multiple orders, diversified delivery deadlines, and multiple types of products. Production cost, machine setup cost, product holding cost, shortage cost, and antipollution cost are also considered in this model to achieve the goal of total cost optimization. This study creates a highly repeated characteristic because the proposed mathematical model and its solving procedure, (Accumulation and Backtrack staged Scheduling Approach, ABSSA) method, are constructed by the packaged software. Therefore, this study has its value for practical applications, and it is suitable for diversified production scheduling as well as the real-time scheduling of production planning. For production scheduling and planning of parallel machines, this study has provided a valuable decision support tool.

Effective extrinsic rewards foster a positive culture within organizations. The current study reviewed algorithmic/experiential reward patterns and perceptions of justice in four businesses to gain insight into the perceptions of employees with regard to justice. Results indicate that perceptions of justice vary according to patterns in extrinsic rewards. This study also discovered that employees perceive fairness according to characteristics specific to the organization and industry. Managers must understand how employees perceive justice to determine the most effective means with which to implement extrinsic rewards, according to two distinct patterns. Suggestions for practical implementation and future research are also provided.

This paper introduces durability design method of tunnel lining structures based on approximate probability. According to the method, the corresponding application program, named tunnel lining structures durability design program (TLSDDP), has been developed, which can be used in the similar tunnel lining structures durability design in the future. TLSDDP was applied in Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel lining structures durability design and the tunnel durability design limit state equation was obtained.

At present, durability of concrete structures has become one of the problems widely concerned by the academic and engineer circles in civil engineering. Shanghai Yangtze River tunnel project is the engineering background of the paper. The sensitivity analysis has been studied on carbonization life's influencing factors of Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel segment structure with the method of grey -correlation theory and uniform design. The results show that concrete cover depth has the most important effect. The other less important influencing factors in turn are as follows: concrete compressive strength, fly ash substitution amount, temperature, relative humidity and CO2 concentration. The research achievement has been using in the design and construction of Yangtze River Tunnel, and good results have been achieved.

Previous scholars considered competence a ‘fuzzy concept’ and addressed confusions such as ‘competency vs. competence’ and ‘competence vs. core competence’. However, the issue ‘What is the essence of employee competence?’ remains unclear. By inference, the essence of competence is addressed in adoption of an organization's sustained competitive advantage viewpoint different from the traditional viewpoint of enhancing individual employability. This paper contends that employee competence is strategically driven by organizational core competence. Psychologically, employee competence and organizational core competence are similar and linked in terms of person–organization fit and person–job fit. A contextual competence framework is established enlightening the essence of employee competence and redefines competence as a ‘temporary asset’ rooted in the interactively organizational context. Contextual variables including shared values, mutual trust and mutual investment bolster the alignment between employee competence and organizational core competence and develop employee competence as firm-specific, thus becoming a source for sustained organizational competitive advantage.

This paper develops a framework of incentive reward match to organizational life cycle from the viewpoint of competitive advantage. Different strategy, such as differentiation, overall cost leadership and focus, can create different competitive advantage in each stage of organizational life cycle. Implementing different types of incentive reward strategy to motive unique human resources to execute the corresponding strategy and then competitive advantage can be built. Three types of incentive reward strategy, human capital, output and position, are proposed respectively in each stage of organizational life cycle to attract, nurture, and retain distinctive manpower. It will create and sustain competitive advantage in the long run.

This study describes a mathematical model, a resource allocation (RA) model, that maximizes the return on sales (ROS) of a manufacturing project and allocates resources for in-house and outsource a...

The purpose of this research is to deal with the human capital disclosure issue of present accounting systems. Many companies nowadays derive their competitive advantages mainly from human capital. However, under generally accepted accounting principles, all human‐related expenditures are treated as expenses, which are deductions of revenues, thus misleading decision‐makers into inappropriate judgments. This paper provides an alternative way of measurement and disclosure of human capital items in financial statements. The paper defines and classifies the human capital of a company in line with a theoretical framework provided by the authors, sorts out company's human capital investments according to cost development stages in human resources, isolates human capital from expenses and finally suggests disclosure in financial statements.

An integrated framework of a direct financial pay within an organization is proposed in this paper. It uses “competitive advantage of human resources” and “explicitness of job worth” as two dimensions of job characteristics to define four kinds of direct financial pay : special-skill, performance, seniority and job-based pay. A high-tech company as an example to explain the pay system proposed here. The integrated framework recommends a perspective for managers to decide how to pay for some kinds of employees within an organization. Meanwhile, those potential positions that create competitive advantages can be identified; and corresponding human resources should be developed.

Ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke and brings about a big disease burden because of high mortality and disability in China. Tetrandrine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herb Radix Stephania tetrandra, has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging effects and even regulate astrocyte activation, but the possible role of tetrandrine in ameliorating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury of ischemic stroke remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of tetrandrine on neurological injury and differential proteomic changes induced by transient reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice. Male Balb/c mice were divided into sham (n = 30), MCAO + saline as control (n = 30), and MCAO + Tet as tetrandrine-treated (n = 30) groups. Mice in the control and tetrandrine-treated groups underwent 120 min of MCAO following reperfusion. Immediately and 2 h after MCAO, the mice received either normal saline (sham operated and control groups) or tetrandrine (tetrandrine-treated group) intraperitoneally. Neurological defects, brain water content, and infarct volume at 24 h after stoke were used to evaluate neurological injury extent. Treatment with tetrandrine not only mitigated cerebral neurological deficits (P

This chapter provides an alternative method of measuring and disclosing human capital items in financial statements. First, we explain the necessity of properly disclosing human capital information in financial statements. We then go on to define and classify human capital within our theoretical framework; sort out human capital investments according to cost development stages in human resources; isolate human capital from expenses; and suggest the proper method of disclosure in the financial statements. Finally, we show the results from an empirical study we performed to test the validity of the human capital architecture and its relationship with firm performance.

In the field of management, decision processes are often the focus of discussion. This paper hypothesizes that decision processes are an evolution of cognition, and information processing is the primary activity for conversion of the decision maker's cognition in the decision process. Information processing reduces variety and facilitates specific decision mak ing, where variety is the number of mutually exclusive out comes for a potential management decision. The conversion of the necessary information at each phase of the decision process will improve the rationalization of decision processes. This approach should provide guidance for researchers in the dis cussion of decision processes, as well as provide additional criteria for establishing rational decision processes.