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OBJECTIVE This study compares combat-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) to non-combat-related mTBI in rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression after injury, severity of postconcussive symptoms (PCSs), and attribution of those symptoms to mTBI versus PTSD. PARTICIPANTS A total of 371 active duty service members (SMs) with documented history of mTBI, divided into combat and non-combat-related cohorts. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. MAIN MEASURES Diagnoses of PTSD and depression based on medical record review and self-report. PCSs measured using Neurobehavioral Symptom Index. Attribution of symptoms based on a rating scale asking how much mTBI, PTSD, depression, deployment, or readjustment stress contributed to current symptoms. RESULTS Prevalence of PTSD was significantly higher after a combat-related mTBI, compared with a noncombat mTBI (P = .001). Prevalence of depression did not differ between the 2 groups. PCSs were high in both combat and noncombat mTBIs, with no statistical difference between groups. SMs with PTSD reported higher PCS, regardless of combat status. SMs without PTSD attributed symptoms mainly to mTBI, whereas SMs with PTSD, regardless of combat status, were much more likely to attribute symptoms to PTSD, depression, and deployment/readjustment stress. CONCLUSIONS This research contributes to our understanding of the complex interplay between mTBI and PTSD in both combat and noncombat injuries within the military population and the importance of addressing both simultaneously.

BACKGROUND Potential risk factors for the development of melanoma in congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) are not well established. DNA aneuploidy may constitute such a risk factor but has not been sufficiently studied in CMN. METHODS In the present study, DNA analysis of eight giant CMN, nine medium CMN (1.5-20 cm), and eight small CMN (< 1.5 cm) was assessed by flow cytometry and selected lesions (six nevi) by DNA image cytometry. DNA content was correlated with patient age, nevus size, and degree of cytologic atypia. RESULTS DNA aneuploidy was detected by flow cytometry in two giant CMN from adult patients and in a small CMN from a child. DNA aneuploidy was not observed in any of the six CMN studied by image cytometry, although an increased S-phase was noted in a markedly atypical giant CMN. No DNA aneuploidy was detected in medium-sized CMN or in the CMN of nine patients 1 year of age or younger. CONCLUSION In contrast to previous studies, it was observed that abnormal DNA content does tend to correlate with cytologic atypia, particularly in giant CMN with atypia or melanoma, in adults. Conversely, frank DNA aneuploidy in any CMN in children younger than 1 year of age, irrespective of histologic findings, was not detected. Finally, based on these limited studies, greater sensitivity of image over flow cytometry for detection of DNA aneuploidy cannot be verified.

Our current notion of literacy, including the skills that we associate with it, has evolvedfrom the technology of the quill pen, paper, movable type, and mechanically powered rotary press to the new electronic technology.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the history and development of the Albert R. Mann Library at Cornell University. Mann Library has a strong relationship with Cornell Computer Services (CCS). Mann has worked with CCS in establishing the library's innovative microcomputer center, in structuring a cooperative program of workshops in microcomputing for Cornell faculty, and in developing improved means of organizing and providing access to the software holdings of the two organizations. Mann Library has conducted a large instructional program in the application of computer and telecommunications technologies to information retrieval and management. The program has three tracks: (1) the workshop series in the uses of the microcomputer that is designed for faculty and students; (2) the curriculum in information literacy, a fully rounded curriculum that is integrated into normal undergraduate coursework, woven into those courses that most naturally accommodate information technology concepts; and (3) the end-user searching instruction program that has been in existence since 1983. Mann Library information specialists teach the program, both in collaboration with faculty in particular classes and through open workshops.

There are currently two identical bills pending in Congress (House Resolution 4730 and Senate Bill 2148) which this research will examine. Title I of these bills would establish a reforestation and conservation program entitled the Conservation Reserve Program. The Secretary of Agriculture would be able to designate land regularly used in the production of certain crops as eligible for program participation. If a landowner of farmer places the‐designated land in the program it must be planted in a “shelter belt,” which is an area of vegetative cover. Shelter belts can be divided for simplicity into two types, grassland and tree.