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Neurological research and practice 3, 57 (2021). doi:10.1186/s42466-021-00155-8, Published by BioMed Central, [London]

Rationale: Reperfusion injury accounts for up to half of myocardial infarct size, and meaningful clinical therapies targeting it do not exist. We have reported previously that autophagy is reduced during reperfusion and that HDAC (histone deacetylase) inhibition enhances cardiomyocyte autophagy and blunts ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury when administered at the time of reperfusion. However, whether inducing autophagy per se, as opposed to other effects triggered by HDAC inhibition, is sufficient to protect against reperfusion injury is not clear. Objective: We set out to test whether augmentation of autophagy using a specific autophagy-inducing peptide, TB (Tat-Beclin), protects the myocardium through reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during reperfusion injury. Methods and Results: Eight- to 12-week-old, WT (wild type) C57BL6 mice and tamoxifen-inducible cardiomyocyte-specific ATG7 KO (ATG7 knockout) mice (to test the dependency on autophagy) were randomized into 2 groups: exposed to a control TS (Tat-scrambled) peptide or a TB peptide. Each group was subjected to I/R surgery (45-minute coronary ligation, 24-hour reperfusion). Infarct size, systolic function, autophagic flux, and ROS were assayed. Cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes were exposed to TB during simulated I/R injury. ATG7 knockdown by small interfering RNA in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes was used to evaluate the role of autophagy. TB treatment at reperfusion reduced infarct size by 20% (absolute reduction; 50% relative reduction) and improved contractile function. Improvement correlated with increased autophagic flux in the border zone with less oxidative stress. ATG7 KO mice did not manifest TB-promoted cardioprotection during I/R. In neonatal rat ventricular myocytes subjected to I/R, TB reduced cell death by 41% and reduced I/R-induced ROS generation. Conversely, ATG7 knockdown in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes abolished these beneficial effects of TB on cell death and ROS reduction. Conclusions: Induction of autophagy at the time of reperfusion is sufficient to mitigate myocardial reperfusion injury by reducing ROS and cell death. Maintenance of appropriate autophagic flux may emerge as a viable clinical therapy to reduce reperfusion injury in acute myocardial infarction.

Journal of neurochemistry : JNC 156(6), 802-818 (2021). doi:10.1111/jnc.15233, Published by Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford

Introduction: Postpartum stroke is a rare and unpredictable complication of pregnancy. Infections have been associated with an increased risk of stroke in young people. We hypothesized that infections diagnosed during delivery hospitalizations would be associated with an increased risk of postpartum readmission for stroke. Methods: We conducted a weighted analysis of the 2013 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Readmissions Database to assess the relationship between infection during a delivery hospitalization and 30-day readmission for a stroke. Delivery hospitalization, stroke and infections, and comorbidities were identified using ICD-9 diagnosis codes. We created survey design logistic regression models to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between infections and 30-day readmission for stroke, adjusting for disease severity, length of delivery hospitalization, and age. Results: There were 3,512,350 delivery hospitalizations, with 79,656 subsequent readmissions, including 225 for stroke. Compared with all other women who delivered, women with infections during the delivery hospitalization had higher odds of readmission for postpartum stroke (adjusted OR 5.7, 95%CI 2.4-13.6). When compared to women who were readmitted for non-stroke reasons, women who were readmitted for stroke had higher odds of an infection during the delivery hospitalization (adjusted OR 3.5, 95%CI 1.9-6.5). The effect of infection on postpartum stroke risk was present in women both with and without hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (Table). Conclusion: Infections diagnosed during delivery hospitalizations were associated with an increased risk of readmission for postpartum stroke. Women who are diagnosed with infections during delivery admissions should be educated on signs and symptoms of stroke and when to seek emergency medical attention.

Breast cancer (BC) is a highly heterogeneous disease associated with metabolic reprogramming. The shifts in the metabolome caused by BC still lack data from Latin populations of Hispanic origin. In this pilot study, metabolomic and lipidomic approaches were performed to establish a plasma metabolic fingerprint of Colombian Hispanic women with BC. Data from 1H-NMR, GC-MS and LC-MS were combined and compared. Statistics showed discrimination between breast cancer and healthy subjects on all analytical platforms. The differentiating metabolites were involved in glycerolipid, glycerophospholipid, amino acid and fatty acid metabolism. This study demonstrates the usefulness of multiplatform approaches in metabolic/lipid fingerprinting studies to broaden the outlook of possible shifts in metabolism. Our findings propose relevant plasma metabolites that could contribute to a better understanding of underlying metabolic shifts driven by BC in women of Colombian Hispanic origin. Particularly, the understanding of the up-regulation of long chain fatty acyl carnitines and the down-regulation of cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA). In addition, the mapped metabolic signatures in breast cancer were similar but not identical to those reported for non-Hispanic women, despite racial differences.

Background: Reperfusion injury accounts for a significant portion of myocardial damage in acute coronary syndromes. Autophagy, a process of cell catabolism, plays a vital role in the heart’s response to stress. We have reported that re-induction of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-suppressed cardiomyocyte autophagy with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors affords significant cardioprotection. However, as HDACs govern many processes and may have off-target effects, we set out to modulate autophagy in a manner independent of HDAC activity. Here, we hypothesized that induction of autophagy with a novel agent, Tat-Beclin, at the time of reperfusion, will reduce I/R injury and rescue cardiac function. Methods: Wild type and ATG7 (protein required for autophagic flux) knockout mice were randomized among 3 treatment groups prior to surgical I/R injury [45 min LAD artery ligation; 24h reperfusion]: vehicle control (VC), Tat-Scrambled (TS), or Tat-Beclin (TB). Each agent was delivered at coronary reperfusion. To define molecular mechanisms, cultured adult and neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (ARVMs/NRVMs) were subjected to simulated I/R. Results: Induction of cardiomyocyte autophagy at reperfusion reduced infarct size 20.1% (±6.3%, n=23, p Conclusion: Direct induction of cardiomyocyte autophagy reduces infarct size and declines in contractile function. Autophagy rescues I/R injury in part through reduction of oxidative stress. Critically, this cardioprotection was observed when intervention occurred at the time of reperfusion, the clinically relevant context.

El Hospital de San Lázaro fue fundado debido a que la pobreza y la enfermedad en esta época empiezan a ser consideradas como un problema de orden público y social, y la asistencia una labor del Estado. No obstante, la Iglesia seguirá manteniendo un papel importante. El objetivo del estudio es realizar una visión global del Hospital de San Lázaro de Granada desde el momento de su apertura hasta su cierre, prescribir la vida de los leprosos en el hospital y la organización asistencial, describiendo la figura de enfermería. El material y métodos utilizados han sido una exhaustiva búsqueda bibliográfica mediante recursos electrónicos y en formato papel. El método empleado consiste en recopilar documentación publicada desde el año 1996 al 2010, teniendo en cuenta variables como fechas de apertura y demolición del mismo, contexto histórico y social de la enfermedad de la lepra en la época, organización asistencial y vida de los leprosos en el hospital. Las conclusiones más destacadas son que el hospital fue el único fundado en Granada en el siglo XVI con función asistencial y de aislamiento como prevención de la lepra, la figura principal de la asistencia era el médico, dos enfermeros y dos enfermeras. The Saint Lazarus Hospital was founded. Poverty and diseases were seen as a problem of public and social order and medical assistance as a state’s task. However, the Church still kept an important role. The aim of this study is to present a general overview of the Saint Lazarus Hospital of Granada, from its beginning to its end, and to describe the lives of lepers in the hospital, the organization of health care as well as the role of nurses. The material and methods used in this study include an exhaustive bibliography of electronic resources and books. The method consists of gathering documents published from 1996 to 2010, taking into account variables such as the opening date, its demolition, social and historical context of leprosy, medical assistance and the lives of patients. The main conclusions are: - The hospital was the only hospital founded in Granada in the sixteenth century which took care of lepers and aimed at reducing the spread of the disease. - The main figure of the medical assistance was the permanent doctor and the nurses. O Hospital San Lazaro foi fundada por causa da pobreza e da doença nesta época começam a ser vistos como um problema de ordem pública e de assistência o trabalho social do Estado. No entanto, a Igreja continuará a manter um papel importante. O objetivo deste estudo é realizar uma visão geral do Hospital San Lazaro de Granada a partir do momento de abertura ao horário de fechamento, prescrever a vida dos leprosos no hospital e organização de saúde, descrevendo a figura de enfermagem. Os materiais e métodos utilizados têm sido uma busca exaustiva por meio de recursos eletrônicos e em formato papel. O método consiste em recolher documentos publicados de 1996 a 2010, tendo em conta variáveis como a abertura de datas e demolição do mesmo, contexto histórico e social da doença da lepra no momento, a organização dos cuidados e da vida dos leprosos em o hospital. As principais conclusões são que o San Lazaro Hospital foi o único hospital fundado em Granada, no século XVI e as funções de isolamento de cuidados, como a prevenção da hanseníase, a figura principal do atendimento médico foi a méica permanente e enfermeiros.

Background The purpose of this study was to determine the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), diagnosed prospectively during pregnancy, and the risk of delivering a low birth weight ( Methods Pregnant women were recruited from obstetrics clinics and screened for major and minor depressive disorder, panic disorder, PTSD, and substance use. Current episodes of PTSD were diagnosed according to the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and pregnancy outcomes were abstracted from hospital records. Results Among the 1100 women included in analysis, 31 (3%) were in episode for PTSD during pregnancy. Substance use in pregnancy, panic disorder, major and minor depressive disorder, and prior preterm delivery were significantly associated with a diagnosis of PTSD. Preterm delivery was non-significantly higher in pregnant women with (16.1%) compared to those without (7.0%) PTSD (OR = 2.82, 95% C.I. 0.95, 8.38). Low birth weight (LBW) was present in 6.5% of women and was not significantly associated with a diagnosis of PTSD in pregnancy after adjusting for potential confounders. However, LBW was significantly associated with minor depressive disorder (OR = 1.82, 95% C.I. 1.01, 3.29). Limitations There was a low prevalence of PTSD in this cohort, resulting in limited power. Conclusions These data suggest a possible association between PTSD and preterm delivery. Coupled with the association found between LBW and a depressive disorder, these results support the utility of screening for mental health disorders in pregnancy.

Juan de Dios fue el máximo exponente de la hospitalidad caritativa y benéfica de la época que le tocó vivir. Practicó un cristianismo humanístico consolidado por sus acciones en la asistencia hospitalaria que universalizó con el paso del tiempo. Juan Ciudad Duarte fue la “semilla” de lo que es hoy la Orden Hospitalaria, con 1.000 religiosos, 30.000 trabajadores y 225 centros repartidos por todo el mundo. El objetivo general del estudio es enmarcar el Hospital de San Juan de Dios de Granada desde el momento de su fundación hasta nuestros días. El material y método empleados ha consistido en recopilar documentación publicada desde el año 1995 al 2013, a través de una exhaustiva búsqueda bibliográfica mediante recurso electrónico y en formato papel en la Universidad de Granada, teniendo en cuenta variables como fecha de apertura, contexto histórico, figura de Juan Ciudad Duarte y asistencia y organización sanitarias. Los resultados más destacados son que en el hospital seleccionaba a los enfermos por criterios de clasificación, se le daba gran importancia a la higiene y al aseo, y un trato novedoso con los enfermos mentales. La asistencia sanitaria se llevaba a cabo por los propios hermanos de la orden. John of God was the epitome of hospitality and beneficent charity at that time. He practiced a humanistic Chistianity consolidated by his acts in hospital care, which he universalized with time. John Ciudad Duarte was the “seed” of what is now the Order of the Brothers Hospitallers, with 1.000 members of the religious order, 30.000 workers and 225 centres around the world. The material and methods which have been used include documents published from 1995 to 2013, thanks to an exhaustive bibliography of electronic resources and books. For this purpose, we have taken into account variable such as its opening, historical, context, the role of Juan Ciudad Duarte and the health system at that time. Among the results, we can mention that in the Hospital of San Juan de Dios, patients were put in a particular hospital according to their disease. Hygiene was of the utmost importance and patients´ urine and excrements were properly disposed of. The way mentally ill people were treated was new. The work was carried out by own bothers of the order. Juan de Dios foi o epítome da hospitalidade e caridade beneficente do tempo que ele viveu. Realizou um humanista cristianismo consolidou suas ações na assistência hospitalar ao longo do tempo universalizado. Juan Cidade Duarte foi a “semente” do que é hoje a Ordem Hospitaleira, com 1.000 religiosos, 30.000 trabalhadores e 225 centros em todo o mundo. O objectivo geral do estudo é o de enquadrar o Hospital San Juan de Dios de Granada a partir do momento da sua fundação até hoje. Os materiais e métodos tem sido para recolher documentos publicados 1995-2013, através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica abrangente utilizando recursos eletrônicos e em papel na Universidade de Granada, tendo em conta variáveis como a data de abertura, o contexto histórico, uma figura de Juan Duarte de saúde da cidade e organização. Os resultados são mais proeminentes no hospital doente seleccionado os critérios de classificação, foi ótimo importancia da higiene e limpeza e que o tratamento dos doentes mentais era novidade. Cuidados de saúde é realizada por próprios irmãos de orden.