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Background/Aims: Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients often exhibit peritoneal metastasis, which negatively impacts their prognosis. CD31 and D2-40 have recently been suggested to be predictors of breast cancer prognosis, but their role in colorectal peritoneal metastasis (CRPM) remains unknown. Methods: The expression profiles of CD31 and D2-40 were analyzed in CRC patients with or without CRPM and in CRC cell lines with increasing metastatic potential. Overexpression and short hairpin RNA knockdown assays were performed in CRC cells, and the effects of these alterations on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro, growth of xenograft tumors in vivo, and peritoneal metastasis potential in a mouse model of CRPM were examined. Results: The expressions of CD31 and D2-40 were upregulated in CRC tumor tissues and was elevated further in tumor tissues from patients with CRPM. CD31 and D2-40 expression levels exhibited increasing trends parallel to the EMT potential of CRC cells. CD31 and D2-40 are essential for CRC cell EMT in vitro as well as for xenograft tumor growth and peritoneal metastasis in vivo. Conclusions: CD31 and D2-40 contribute to CRPM by promoting EMT and may serve as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for CRC, particularly in patients with peritoneal metastasis. (Gut Liver 2021;15:273-283)

Background Abdominal-type Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is a common refractory disease in children. Currently, no specific diagnostic biomarker is available for HSP. Methods Children with abdominal type HSP were first diagnosed with three syndromes using Chinese traditional medicine. The urinary proteomes among the three syndromes of patients with abdominal type HSP and healthy controls were compared using two label-free proteomics quantifications, including data-dependent acquisition and data-independent acquisition. Results For the comparison between patients with abdominal type HSP and healthy children, a total of 75 differential urinary proteins were identified by determining the overlap of the two experiments. The ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) analysis showed that these differential proteins were correlated with the pathogenesis of abdominal type HSP. Of these, 37 proteins were distributed in 13 solid tissues as tissue-enriched proteins. Monitoring changes in these proteins might help us detect uncommon clinical manifestations of HSP. Patients with abdominal type HSP can be further distinguished into three syndromes based on the urine proteome. Finally, a panel of six urinary proteins (P25774, P09417, Q7Z5L0, P60900, P14550 and P09668) was constructed for both the diagnosis and phenotyping of abdominal type HSP. Conclusions Urinary protein biomarkers for the diagnosis and phenotyping of abdominal type HSP were identified, which will contribute to the personalized treatment of patients with abdominal type HSP.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and atherosclerosis (AS) have considerable similarities in clinical risk factors and molecular pathogenesis. The aim of our study was to investigate the differences between AAA and AS from the perspective of metabolomics, and to explore the potential mechanisms of differential metabolites via integration analysis with transcriptomics. Plasma samples from 32 AAA and 32 AS patients were applied to characterize the metabolite profiles using untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). A total of 18 remarkably different metabolites were identified, and a combination of seven metabolites could potentially serve as a biomarker to distinguish AAA and AS, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.93. Subsequently, we analyzed both the metabolomics and transcriptomics data and found that seven metabolites, especially 2'-deoxy-D-ribose (2dDR), were significantly correlated with differentially expressed genes. In conclusion, our study presents a comprehensive landscape of plasma metabolites in AAA and AS patients, and provides a research direction for pathogenetic mechanisms in atherosclerotic AAA.

Background: Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is caused by the formation of atherosclerotic plaques inside the arterial wall and accounts for 20–30% of all strokes. The development of an early, noninvasive diagnostic method and the identification of high-risk patients for ischemic stroke is essential to the management of CAS in clinical practice.Methods: We used the data-independent acquisition (DIA) technique to conduct a urinary proteomic study in patients with CAS and healthy controls. We identified the potential diagnosis and risk stratification biomarkers of CAS. And Ingenuity pathway analysis was used for functional annotation of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic values of DEPs.Results: A total of 194 DEPs were identified between CAS patients and healthy controls by DIA quantification. The bioinformatics analysis showed that these DEPs were correlated with the pathogenesis of CAS. We further identified 32 DEPs in symptomatic CAS compared to asymptomatic CAS, and biological function analysis revealed that these proteins are mainly related to immune/inflammatory pathways. Finally, a biomarker panel of six proteins (ACP2, PLD3, HLA-C, GGH, CALML3, and IL2RB) exhibited potential diagnostic value in CAS and good discriminative power for differentiating symptomatic and asymptomatic CAS with high sensitivity and specificity.Conclusions: Our study identified novel potential urinary biomarkers for noninvasive early screening and risk stratification of CAS.

Background As an acute febrile and inflammatory disease, Kawasaki disease (KD) could develop Kawasaki disease shock syndrome (KDSS) sometimes. However its pathogenesis was still not well known. This study was to learn more about the clinical features and evaluate the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of KDSS. Methods We collected clinical and laboratory data retrospectively for all patients with KDSS(KDSS, n = 27)who were hospitalized at our hospital from Jan 2014 to Oct 2017. For patient with KDSS, we randomly identified 43 patients with KD as control subjects (KD, n = 43). Clinical features, laboratory evaluations were collected. Cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ in serum were assayed using flow cytometric bead array. Results The patients with KDSS were older age (43.41 ± 31.42 vs 28.81 ± 21.51 months, P

Background: This retrospective study aimed to identify key factors affecting the rate of complete resection for non-metastatic rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) using both transanal local excision (TLE) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Methods: Records in the past 10 years were retrieved, for a total of 95 patients diagnosed with non-metastatic rectal NETs sized between 10-20 mm. Treatment outcomes were first compared between TLE and ESD to identify significantly associated factors. Monofactor analysis was then performed between complete and local resections to identify risk factors, which were then subjected to a multivariable analysis to identify independent risk factors. Results: Treatment outcomes between TLE and ESD were significantly associated with depth of invasion (P=0.039) and complete/local resection (P=0.048). By monofactor analysis between complete and local resections, depth of invasion, tumor size, tumor stage and endoscopic manifestation were identified to be risk factors (P=0.014, 0.003, 0.002 and 0.028, respectively). In subsequent multivariable analysis, depth of invasion and tumor size were independent risk factors, with odds ratio of 18.838 and 37.223, and 95% confidence interval of 1.242-285.800 and 2.839-488.078, respectively. Conclusion: Depth of invasion and tumor size were independent risk factors that significantly affect the complete resection rate of 10-20 mm non-metastatic rectal NETs.

Introduction: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common, complex, and life-threatening disease. Currently, the pathogenesis of AAA is not well understood. No biomarkers or specific drugs are available for AAA in clinical applications. Proteomics is a powerful tool in biomarker discovery, exploration of pathogenesis, and drug target identification.Areas covered: We review the application of mass spectrometry-based proteome analysis in AAA patients within the last ten years. Differentially expressed proteins associated with AAA were identified in multiple sample sources, including vascular tissue, intraluminal thrombus, tissue secretome, blood, and cells. Some potential disease biomarkers, pathogenic mechanisms, or therapeutic targets for AAA were discovered using proteome analysis. The challenges and prospects of proteomics applied to AAA are also discussed.Expert opinion: Since most of the previous proteomic studies used relatively small sample sizes, some promising biomarkers need to be validated in multicenter cohorts to accelerate their clinical application. With the rapid development of mass spectrometry technology, modification-specific proteomics and multi-omics research in the future will enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of AAA and promote biomarker discovery and drug development for clinical translation.

Objective: The combination of isolated common and internal iliac artery aneurysms (CIIAA) are rare, life-threatening, abnormal conditions with relatively complex treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of CIIAA.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 26 patients with CIIAA consecutively treated between January 2010 and August 2020 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Demographic, clinical characteristic, treatment strategy and outcome data were collected and analyzed.Results: Twenty-six patients (24 men and 2 women) with a mean age of 70 years were included. There was a total of 72 aneurysms, and the mean diameters of the common iliac artery aneurysms (CIAA) and internal iliac artery aneurysms (IIAA) were 36 and 38 mm, respectively. Ten patients (38%) presented with bilateral CIAA and unilateral IIAA, and eight (31%) had CIAA with ipsilateral IIAA. All patients were treated with endovascular repair, and the overall primary technical success rate was 100%. The surgical techniques mainly included combined bifurcated stent grafting and embolization (n = 11), combined straight stent grafting and embolization (n = 8), and internal iliac artery (IIA) reconstruction (n = 7). There were no patient deaths or reintervention during hospitalization. The mean follow-up time was 43 months, and the patency rate of the stent was 96.2%. The overall reintervention rate was 7.7%. During the follow-up period, there were no aneurysm-related deaths.Conclusions: Endovascular repair involving stent graft placement, coil embolization and IIA revascularization is a safe and effective treatment for isolated CIIAA.

Background: GNB is a moderate tumor of sympathetic origin, which is considered a disease of children with the majority of cases less than five years old and it rarely occurs in adults. There are no treatment guidelines for adults GNB. Here, we reported a rare case of adult gastric GNB, and was resected completely by laparoscopic approach.Case presentation:A 73-year-old man presented with dull pain in the upper abdomen along with abdominal distension for one month. Gastroscopy examination revealed chronic gastritis and submucosal tumor of gastric antrum. Endoscopic ultrasonography showed a hypoechoic mass in gastric antrum arising from the muscularis propria. Combined with the characteristics of gastroscope and ultrasound , the mass was suspected as gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Abdomen CT scan of revealed irregular soft tissue mass in gastric antrum with heterogeneous enhancement in arterial phase, and gastric cancer was suspected.The patient was addressed to the department of gastrointestinal surgery. The mass was completely resected in laparoscopic surgery. Histopathology reported that the mass contained differentiation neuroblasts, mature ganglion cells and ganglioneuromatisis component. Immunohistochemical staining revealed tumor cells were immunoreactive for CD56, Syn, S100 , while negative for CK, CD117, DOG-1, CgA. The pathological diagnosis was GNBi and the patient was staged as stage I. The patient received no adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy.Until his one-year follow-up, the patient was doing well and without any signs of recurrence.Conclusion:Although the rarity of gastric GNB as a primary site of origin, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of gastric masses in adult. Radical surgery is sufficient for the treatment of GNBi and long-term follow-up should be performed.

BackgroundNovel biomarkers are urgently needed to distinguish between benign and malignant thyroid nodules and detect thyroid cancer in the early stage. The associations between serum IgG N-glycosylation and thyroid cancer risk have been revealed. We aimed to explore the potential of IgG N-glycan traits as biomarkers in the differential diagnosis of thyroid cancer.MethodsPlasma IgG N-glycome analysis was applied to a discovery cohort followed by independent validation. IgG N-glycan profiles were obtained using a robust quantitative strategy based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. IgG N-glycans were relatively quantified, and classification performance was evaluated based on directly detected and derived glycan traits.ResultsFour directly detected glycans were significantly changed in thyroid cancer patients compared to that in non-cancer controls. Derived glycan traits and a classification glycol-panel were generated based on the directly detected glycan traits. In the discovery cohort, derived trait BN (bisecting type neutral N-glycans) and the glyco-panel showed potential in distinguishing between thyroid cancer and non-cancer controls with AUCs of 0.920 and 0.917, respectively. The diagnostic potential was further validated. Derived trait BN and the glycol-panel displayed “accurate” performance (AUC>0.8) in discriminating thyroid cancer from benign thyroid nodules and healthy controls in the validation cohort. Meanwhile, derived trait BN and the glycol-panel also showed diagnostic potential in detecting early-stage thyroid cancer.ConclusionsIgG N-glycome analysis revealed N-glycomic differences that allow classification of thyroid cancer from non-cancer controls. Our results suggested that derived trait BN and the classification glyco-panel rather than single N-glycans may serve as candidate biomarkers for further validation.

Hepatocellular carcinoma-related protein-1 (HCRP-1), a subunit of mammalian endosomal sorting complex required for transport-I (ESCRT-I), is frequently downregulated in various kinds of malignant tumors. The role of HCRP-1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unknown. We investigate the clinical value of HCRP-1 and its impact on anoikis in CRC. The negative expression of HCRP-1 was significantly correlated with tumor size (P = 0.033), PT status (P = 0.001), TNM stage (P = 0.039), and histological grade (P = 0.01). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that HCRP-1 was an independent prognostic factor for CRC (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.237, P

Urine is a better source than plasma for biomarker studies, as it can accumulate all changes in the body. Various candidate urinary biomarkers of physiological condition, kidney disease and even brain dysfunction, have been detected in urine; however, urine has rarely been used to reflect cardiac diseases. In this study, urine at day 0, 14, 21 and 28 were collected from the myosin-induced autoimmune myocarditis rat models. The candidate urinary biomarkers were then characterized using the isobaric tandem mass tag labeling approach coupled with offline two-dimensional reverse-phase liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Compared with controls, forty-six urinary proteins were significantly changed in the myocarditis rats; among them, ten had previously been associated with myocarditis, twelve corresponding gene products had annotated as mainly cardiovascular network genes by the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, four urinary proteins were validated by western blot, thirteen were reported in previous urine proteome studies of other diseases and twenty-six were reported the first time to be related to myocarditis. Significance This is the first study to use isobaric tandem mass tag labeling approach in the urine proteome analysis of experimental autoimmune myocarditis. These findings may provide clues for the pathogenesis of myocarditis. And the study showed that urine can be a good source of myocarditis biomarkers.

To achieve high-quality and low-cost ZnTe epitaxial films, a low-temperature (LT, 200 °C) ZnSe buffer layer with a thickness of 5 nm was grown on Si (111) wafers prior to the epitaxy of ZnTe layers by molecular beam epitaxy. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction patterns reveal that ZnTe epilayers grown at 335 °C with a thickness of 100 nm on the LT-ZnSe buffer layer present a completely two-dimensional growth mode. Film surfaces present smooth and flat morphology with the lowest surface roughness of ∼2.2 nm at a Te/Zn beam equivalent pressure ratio of 1.6. X-ray diffraction θ-2θ scanning indicates that the out-of-plane structure of ZnTe films is highly preferred with the (111) growth orientation of ZnSe/Si. X-ray diffraction φ scanning further confirms that the in-plane structure of ZnTe epilayer is also a single-crystal orientation growth. Thus, high-quality ZnTe (111) single-crystal epilayer with the lowest full-width at half-maximum of ∼200 arc sec and the smallest dislocation density of ∼1.12 × 108 cm−2 was grown on Si (111) wafers. In addition, the ZnSe buffer layer could alleviate the residual stress effectively for the heteroepitaxy of Si wafers. The most balanced residual stress for ZnTe/ZnSe/Si with σx of ∼96.5 MPa and σy of ∼94.2 MPa was obtained, which is essential for achieving high-performance and good mechanical properties of ZnTe-based devices.

Preclinical studies using genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) have the potential to expedite the development of effective new therapies; however, they are not routinely integrated into drug development pipelines. GEMMs may be particularly valuable for investigating treatments for less common cancers, which frequently lack alternative faithful models. Here, we describe a multicenter cooperative group that has successfully leveraged the expertise and resources from philanthropic foundations, academia, and industry to advance therapeutic discovery and translation using GEMMs as a preclinical platform. This effort, known as the Neurofibromatosis Preclinical Consortium (NFPC), was established to accelerate new treatments for tumors associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). At its inception, there were no effective treatments for NF1 and few promising approaches on the horizon. Since 2008, participating laboratories have conducted 95 preclinical trials of 38 drugs or combinations through collaborations with 18 pharmaceutical companies. Importantly, these studies have identified 13 therapeutic targets, which have inspired 16 clinical trials. This review outlines the opportunities and challenges of building this type of consortium and highlights how it can accelerate clinical translation. We believe that this strategy of foundation–academic–industry partnering is generally applicable to many diseases and has the potential to markedly improve the success of therapeutic development. Cancer Res; 77(21); 5706–11. ©2017 AACR.

Background Gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumors and have a poor prognosis. Early detection of gliomas is crucial to improve patient outcomes. Urine accumulates systematic body changes and thus serves as an excellent early biomarker source. Methods At the biomarker discovery phase, we performed a self-controlled proteomics analysis by comparing urine samples collected from five glioma patients at the time of tumor diagnosis and after surgical removal of the tumor. At the biomarker validation phase, we further validated some promising proteins using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM)-based targeted proteomics in another cohort, including glioma, meningioma, and moyamoya disease patients as well as healthy controls. Results Using label-free proteome quantitation (LFQ), we identified twenty-seven urinary proteins that were significantly changed after tumor resection, many of which have been previously associated with gliomas. The functions of these proteins were significantly enriched in the autophagy and angiogenesis, which are associated with glioma development. After targeted proteomics validation, we identified a biomarker panel (AACT, TSP4, MDHM, CALR, LEG1, and AHSG) with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.958 for the detection of gliomas. Interestingly, AACT, LEG1, and AHSG are also potential cerebrospinal fluid or blood biomarkers of gliomas. Conclusions Using LFQ and PRM proteome quantification, we identified candidate urinary protein biomarkers with the potential to detect gliomas. This study will also provide clues for future biomarker studies involving brain diseases.

According to the futures and curriculum requirements of the electrical engineering, the national electrotechnics and electronics experiment teaching center of Harbin Institute Technology has reformed the teaching platform, content and mode of Analog Electronic Technology Experiment and Digital Electronic Technology Experiment. Specially, the center changed the traditional analog and digital electronic technology experimental box and established the modular equipment of electronic technology experiment based on the constructivist learning theory. The experiment of virtual-real combination and FPGA pocket lab, individualized and independent experimental teaching method, various digital resources, and autonomous and open learning process, these experimental methods, all showed a beneficial teaching effect. These application practices may be used as a guidance in the teaching reform of experimental courses and talent cultivation for the specialty of electrical engineering.

In the process of planning and construction of practical course for cultivating talents, the trinity electronics experimental course was created, which integrated basic electronics experiment, innovative experiment and the college students’ innovation and entrepreneurship training program. The practical teaching contents was planned and updated. The practical teaching platform and digital resources were prepared. The college-enterprise collaborative education was introduced. The method of open practical teaching was adopted. A multi-dimensional evaluation and assessment system suitable for practical teaching course was formulated. Years of teaching practice shows that this teaching mode could promote and improve the students’ ability of basic science experiment, engineering practice, mastering high and new technology and scientific and technological innovation.

The present study aimed to investigate the expression of methionine sulfoxide reductases B3 (MSRB3) in gastric cancer (GC) and its clinical significance. A total of 90 specimens from patients with GC were collected to evaluate MSRB3 protein expression by immunohistochemical staining. The associations between MSRB3 protein expression, clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with GC were subsequently investigated. The results demonstrated that MSRB3 protein expression in GC tissues samples was significantly higher compared with that in paired adjacent normal tissues (P=0.017). Among the 90 GC cases, 64 (71.1%) exhibited higher MSRB3 expression. In addition, the diagnostic value of MSRB3 for patients with GC was estimated with a sensitivity of 71.1% and a specificity of 46.7%. However, MSRB3 expression was not associated with clinicopathological characteristics of patients with GC. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients with high MSRB3 expression had significantly shorter overall survival (OS) times compared with those with low expression (P=0.040). Univariate Cox regression analysis indicated that maximum tumor diameter, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) stage and MSRB3 expression were significantly associated with OS time. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that MSRB3 was an independent predicting factor for the OS time of patients with GC (P=0.049). In addition, analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database validated these results. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that higher MSRB3 mRNA expression was associated with poorer OS time in 442 patients with GC (P=0.004). Univariate analysis of the TCGA data indicated that age, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, TNM stage and MSRB3 expression were significantly associated with OS time; however, sex and histological differentiation were not associated with OS time. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that MSRB3 was an independent prognostic factor in patients with GC (P=0.001). In conclusion, these results demonstrated that MSRB3 expression was upregulated in patients GC, which suggests that MSBR3 may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and devastating lung disease with a very poor prognosis. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory airway disease and the third leading cause of death worldwide. Disease biomarkers are highly desired for IPF and COPD, especially in early disease phase. Urine is an ideal biomarker source and has the potential to reflect small and early pathological changes. This chapter introduces the application of urine proteomics in biomarker discovery of these two diseases. A bleomycin-induced model and a smoking-induced model were used to mimic the pathophysiological process. Using proteome quantitation, the results showed that urine proteins changed significantly before obvious histopathological changes in lungs. Moreover, early detection and prompt treatment could effectively inhibit pulmonary fibrosis, whereas the same treatment at a late disease phase had very limited therapeutic effects. Our findings will improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of IPF and COPD and accelerate urine biomarker discovery in respiratory diseases.

In addition to large plexiform neurofibromas (pNF), NF1 patients are frequently disfigured by cutaneous neurofibromas (cNF) and are often afflicted with chronic pain and itch even from seemingly normal skin areas. Both pNFs and cNF consist primarily of benign hyperproliferating nonmyelinating Schwann cells (nSC). While pNF clearly arise within deep nerves and plexuses, the role of cutaneous innervation in the origin of cNF and in chronic itch and pain is unknown. First, we conducted a comprehensive, multi-molecular, immunofluorescence (IF) analyses on 3mm punch biopsies from three separate locations in normal appearing, cNF-free skin in 19 NF1 patients and skin of 16 normal subjects. At least one biopsy in 17 NF1 patients had previously undescribed micro-lesions consisting of a small, dense cluster of nonpeptidergic C-fiber endings and the affiliated nSC consistently adjoining adnexal structures—dermal papillae, hair follicles, sweat glands, sweat ducts, and arterioles—where C-fiber endings normally terminate. Similar micro-lesions were detected in hind paw skin of mice with conditionally-induced SC Nf1-/- mutations. Hypothesizing that these microlesions were pre-cNF origins of cNF, we subsequently analyzed numerous overt, small cNF (s-cNF, 3–6 mm) and discovered that each had an adnexal structure at the epicenter of vastly increased nonpeptidergic C-fiber terminals, accompanied by excessive nSC. The IF and functional genomics assays indicated that neurturin (NTRN) and artemin (ARTN) signaling through cRET kinase and GFRα2 and GFRα3 co-receptors on the aberrant C-fiber endings and nSC may mutually promote the onset of pre-cNF and their evolution to s-cNF. Moreover, TrpA1 and TrpV1 receptors may, respectively, mediate symptoms of chronic itch and pain. These newly discovered molecular characteristics might be targeted to suppress the development of cNF and to treat chronic itch and pain symptoms in NF1 patients.

Urine accumulates systemic changes in the body without homeostatic control; thus, it has the potential for early detection of cancer. In this chapter, five tumor-bearing models were established by injection of Walker 256 tumor cells into the subcutaneous, lung, brain, liver, or bone cavity of rats. Urine samples were collected at multiple time points after tumor cell inoculation. Dynamic urine proteomes were analyzed using label-free relative quantification. We found the urinary protein patterns changed significantly with cancer development, and some urinary proteins even changed at an early onset of tumor growth. Moreover, urine proteomics could differentiate the same cancer cells grown at different organs. We think that urine is a noninvasive and promising source in cancer biomarker discovery especially in the early phase.

Gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumors and have a very poor prognosis. Urine, which is not controlled by homeostatic mechanisms, can accumulate changes in the body and therefore is an ideal source for biomarker discovery. In this chapter, urine samples of animal models and glioma patients were investigated to identify candidate biomarkers of gliomas using proteomics analysis. The animal model was induced by injection of C6 cells in rat brain. Then rat urine samples were collected on days 2, 6, 10, and 13 after C6 cell inoculation. Urine samples from glioma patients were collected before and after tumor resection. Our results suggested that urinary proteins have potential as early sensitive biomarkers for detection and monitoring gliomas.

Plexiform neurofibroma is a major contributor to morbidity in neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) patients. Macrophages and mast cells infiltrate neurofibroma, and data from mouse models implicate these leukocytes in neurofibroma development. Anti-inflammatory therapy targeting these cell populations has been suggested as a means to prevent neurofibroma development. Here, we compare gene expression in inflamed nerves from NF1 models that invariably form neurofibroma to those with inflammation driven by EGFR overexpression, which rarely progresses to neurofibroma. We find that the chemokine Cxcl10 is uniquely upregulated in NF1 mice that invariably develop neurofibroma. Global deletion of the Cxcl10 receptor Cxcr3 prevented neurofibroma development in these neurofibroma-prone mice. Cxcr3 expression localized to T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) in both inflamed nerves and neurofibromas. These data support a heretofore unappreciated role for T cells/DCs in neurofibroma initiation. Citation Format: Jonathan S. Fletcher, Jianqiang Wu, Walter J. Jessen, Jay Pundavela, Eva Dombi, Mi-Ok Kim, Tilat A. Rizvi, Kashish Chetal, Nathan Salomonis, Nancy Ratner. Cxcr3-expressing leukocytes are necessary for neurofibroma formation in mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2018 Nov 27-30; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(4 Suppl):Abstract nr B32.

Without the control of homeostatic mechanisms, urine accumulates systemic body changes and thus serves as an excellent biomarker source. However, urine is affected by many factors other than disease. Although many candidate biomarkers have been discovered in animal models, a large number of clinical samples might still be required for successful biomarker discovery. A self-controlled study should account for individual differences between patients. Gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumors and have a very poor prognosis. Early diagnosis of gliomas and the monitoring of tumor recurrence are crucial to improve glioma patient outcomes. However, it is unknown whether promising biomarkers can be identified from a relatively small number of glioma patient urine samples. In this study, urine samples from five glioma patients were collected at the time of tumor diagnosis and after total surgical removal of the brain tumor. A comparative proteomic analysis of urine samples before and after tumor resection was performed using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Using label-free proteome quantification, twenty-seven urinary proteins were significantly changed after tumor resection, many of which have been previously associated with gliomas, such as CEACAM1, ANXA7, CALR, CRYAB, CD276, pIgR, cathepsin D, beta-glucuronidase, and acid ceramidase. After functional annotation of these proteins, significant enrichment was identified for the regulation of tissue remodeling, autophagy, the inhibition of gene expression, the positive regulation of natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity and angiogenesis. In this study, candidate urinary biomarkers with the potential to detect disease and monitor tumor recurrence after treatment were identified in glioma patients. Our results suggested that using the self-control of before and after tumor resection is an effective method to identify differently expressed tumor proteins, even in a small number of urine samples. Our findings will help direct future biomarker studies involving brain cancer.

Background Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disorder that predisposes affected individuals to formation of benign neurofibromas, peripheral nerve tumors that can be associated with significant morbidity. Loss of the NF1 Ras–GAP protein causes increased Ras–GTP, and we previously found that inhibiting MEK signaling downstream of Ras can shrink established neurofibromas in a genetically engineered murine model. Procedures We studied effects of MEK inhibition using 1.5 mg/kg/day PD-0325901 prior to neurofibroma onset in the Nf1 flox/flox; Dhh–Cre mouse model. We also treated mice with established tumors at 0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg/day doses of PD-0325901. We monitored tumor volumes using MRI and volumetric measurements, and measured pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic endpoints. Results Early administration significantly delayed neurofibroma development as compared to vehicle controls. When treatment was discontinued neurofibromas grew, but no rebound effect was observed and neurofibromas remained significantly smaller than controls. Low dose treatment of mice with PD-0325901 resulted in neurofibroma shrinkage equivalent to that observed at higher doses. Tumor cell proliferation decreased, although less than at higher doses with drug. Tumor blood vessels per area correlated with tumor shrinkage. Conclusions Neurofibroma development was not prevented by MEK inhibition, beginning at 1 month of age, but tumor size was controlled by early treatment. Moreover, treatment with PD-0325901 at very low doses may shrink neurofibromas while minimizing toxicity. These studies highlight how genetically engineered mouse models can guide clinical trial design. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1709–1716. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Urine is a good biomarker source for proteomics studies but several factors may affect the urine proteome To evaluate the possible impact of glucocorticoids drugs on the urine proteome we investigated the effects of prednisone on urine proteome in a rat model Urine samples were collected from control and prednisone treated rats after drug administration The urinary proteome was analyzed using liquid chromatography ndash tandem mass spectrometry LC MS MS and proteins were identified using label free proteome quantification A total of urinary proteins were identified in rat urine Using label free quantification urinary proteins showed differential abundances after prednisone treatment A total of differential proteins and or their human orthologs have been previously reported as disease biomarkers Two differential proteins Haptoglobin and Neutrophil collagenase were validated via Western blot After functional analysis it was found that the pharmacological effects of prednisone were reflected in the urine Prednisone treatment influences urine proteome and some disease biomarkers and it should be taken into consideration in future disease biomarker studies

Purpose Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive and devastating lung disease. With limited effective treatments available in the late stage, PF has a very poor prognosis. Molecular biomarkers are highly desired for PF, especially for its early phase. Material and methods Urine is a good biomarker source, and accumulates systemic changes in the body especially in the early-stage of diseases. In this study, a bleomycin (BLM)-induced rat model was used to mimic PF. Using labeled proteome quantitation, some urinary proteins were identified as candidate biomarkers of PF for early detection and disease monitoring. Then, prednisone treatment was administered at different phases of fibrosis. Results Our results suggested that urine proteins could enable early detection and monitoring of both disease progression and treatment efficacy in the BLM-induced PF model. Early prednisone treatment effectively inhibited pulmonary fibrosis, whereas the same treatment at a later phase had very limited effects. Meanwhile, five proteins showed the potential for monitoring therapeutic response. Conclusion Urinary proteomics has been underutilized in respiratory diseases. These findings will improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of PF and accelerate biomarker discovery in respiratory diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

A traveling wave tube (TWT) based on carbon nanotube (CNT) cold cathode is theoretically researched in this paper. A magnetic injection electron gun and helix slow-wave structure is adopted in the TWT. Simulation results show that the maximum output power of the CNT TWT can reach 54 W at 9.4 GHz with an input power of 50 mW, corresponding to the maximum gain of 30 dB, when the gyrating electron beam voltage and current are 19.2 kV and 50 mA, respectively. And the 3 dB bandwidth of the CNT TWT is about 4 GHz.

A gridded micro-focus X-ray electron gun based on carbon nanotube cathode has the advantages of small volume, clear imaging and high temporal resolution compared with the conventional X-ray source. An array of CNT bundle is simulated to reduce the electric field screening effects for achieving stable large current density. The gridded electron gun based on carbon nanotube cathode is simulated by three-dimensional particle in cell simulation software in order to develop micro-focus X-ray tube in this paper. A structure of triode is adopted to obtain high compression ratio of electron beam spot. Simulation results show that 80kV/2mA electron beam with a beam spot radius of 0.1mm is obtained when the cathode radius is 0.4mm, and compression ratio is 16.

Here, we investigate, through parametrically optimized macroscale simulations, the field electron emission from arrays of carbon nanotube (CNT)-coated Spindts towards the development of an emerging class of novel vacuum electron devices. The present study builds on empirical data gleaned from our recent experimental findings on the room temperature electron emission from large area CNT electron sources. We determine the field emission current of the present microstructures directly using particle in cell (PIC) software and present a new CNT cold cathode array variant which has been geometrically optimized to provide maximal emission current density, with current densities of up to 11.5 A/cm2 at low operational electric fields of 5.0 V/μm.

Objective Urine is a promising biomarker source for clinical proteomics studies. Regional physiological differences are common in multi-center clinical studies. In this study, we investigate whether significant differences are present in the urinary proteomes of individuals from different regions in China. Methods In this study, morning urine samples were collected from healthy urban residents in three regions of China (Haikou, Xi'an and Xining) and urinary proteins were preserved using a membrane-based method (Urimem). The urine proteomes of 27 normal samples were analyzed using LC-MS/MS and compared among three regions. Functional annotation of the differential proteins among the three areas was analyzed using the DAVID online database, and pathway enrichment of the differential urinary proteins was analyzed using KEGG. Results We identified 1898 proteins from Urimem samples using label-free proteome quantification, of which 56 urine proteins were differentially expressed among the three regions (P Conclusions Urimem will facilitate urinary protein storage for large-scale urine sample collection. Regional differences are a confounding factor influencing the urine proteome and should be considered in future multi-center biomarker studies.

Effective medical therapies are lacking for the treatment of neurofibromatosis type 1-related plexiform neurofibromas, which are characterized by elevated RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling.We conducted a phase 1 trial of selumetinib (AZD6244 or ARRY-142886), an oral selective inhibitor of MAPK kinase (MEK) 1 and 2, in children who had neurofibromatosis type 1 and inoperable plexiform neurofibromas to determine the maximum tolerated dose and to evaluate plasma pharmacokinetics. Selumetinib was administered twice daily at a dose of 20 to 30 mg per square meter of body-surface area on a continuous dosing schedule (in 28-day cycles). We also tested selumetinib using a mouse model of neurofibromatosis type 1-related neurofibroma. Response to treatment (i.e., an increase or decrease from baseline in the volume of plexiform neurofibromas) was monitored by using volumetric magnetic resonance imaging analysis to measure the change in size of the plexiform neurofibroma.A total of 24 children (median age, 10.9 years; range, 3.0 to 18.5) with a median tumor volume of 1205 ml (range, 29 to 8744) received selumetinib. Patients were able to receive selumetinib on a long-term basis; the median number of cycles was 30 (range, 6 to 56). The maximum tolerated dose was 25 mg per square meter (approximately 60% of the recommended adult dose). The most common toxic effects associated with selumetinib included acneiform rash, gastrointestinal effects, and asymptomatic creatine kinase elevation. The results of pharmacokinetic evaluations of selumetinib among the children in this trial were similar to those published for adults. Treatment with selumetinib resulted in confirmed partial responses (tumor volume decreases from baseline of ≥20%) in 17 of the 24 children (71%) and decreases from baseline in neurofibroma volume in 12 of 18 mice (67%). Disease progression (tumor volume increase from baseline of ≥20%) has not been observed to date. Anecdotal evidence of decreases in tumor-related pain, disfigurement, and functional impairment was observed.Our early-phase data suggested that children with neurofibromatosis type 1 and inoperable plexiform neurofibromas benefited from long-term dose-adjusted treatment with selumetinib without having excess toxic effects. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01362803 .).

Gigahertz to terahertz radiation sources based on cold-cathode vacuum electron technology are pursued, because its unique characteristics of instant switch-on and power saving are important to military and space applications. Gigahertz gyrotron was reported using carbon nanotube (CNT) cold-cathode. It is reported here in first time that a fully-sealed CNT cold-cathode 0.22 THz-gyrotron is realized, typically with output power of 500 mW. To achieve this, we have studied mechanisms responsible for CNTs growth on curved shape metal surface, field emission from the sidewall of a CNT, and crystallized interface junction between CNT and substrate material. We have obtained uniform growth of CNTs on and direct growth from cone-cylinder stainless-steel electrode surface, and field emission from both tips and sidewalls of CNTs. It is essential for the success of a CNT terahertz gyrotron to have such high quality, high emitting performance CNTs. Also, we have developed a magnetic injection electron gun using CNT cold-cathode to exploit the advantages of such a conventional gun design, so that a large area emitting surface is utilized to deliver large current for electron beam. The results indicate that higher output power and higher radiation frequency terahertz gyrotron may be made using CNT cold-cathode electron gun.

Measurement uncertainty provides a quantitative reference to choose appropriate instruments and measurement methods. This paper focuses on the measurement uncertainty introduced by measurement instruments in frequency domain channel measurement systems. For frequency domain channel measurement, the measurement instrument, Vector Network Analyzer, need to be calibrated before measurement. The uncertainty analysis for various calibration methods is the foundation to make a judicious choice of calibration methods. The uncertainty analysis is based on Monte Carlo method with considering the correlations between S-parameter measurements at different frequencies. This paper illustrates the method of uncertainty analysis and takes the path loss measurement for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) channel as an example. The experiments in this paper show that the correlations have a strong influence on the uncertainties of path loss measurements. The uncertainties for different calibration methods are calculated out. Based on the uncertainty analysis, the “response” calibration is suggested for channel measurements.

The ideological and political work is an important part of the propaganda and ideological work in universities. With the growing popularity of the new media, students are more and more affected by the Internet. New media technology has brought increasingly profound impact on the current ideological and political work. On the one hand, it has posed a serious challenge to the ideological and political work by making ideological and political work environment more complex, impacting on the ideological and political work of the authority and the effect of ideological and political work. But on the other hand, new media technology has also brought a rare opportunity to ideological and political work. Thus, use new media technologies to conduct innovative research on ideological and political work under the new media background help to break problems the ideological and political work facing .

Background Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an inherited disease predisposing affected patients to variable numbers of benign neurofibromas. To date there are no effective chemotherapeutic drugs available for this slow growing tumor. Molecularly targeted agents that aim to slow neurofibroma growth are being tested in clinical trials. So preclinical models for testing potential therapies are urgently needed to prioritize drugs for clinical trials of neurofibromas. Procedure We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor neurofibroma development in the Nf1flox/flox;DhhCre mouse model of GEM grade I neurofibroma. Based on studies implicating mTOR and Raf signaling in NF1 mutant cells, we tested the therapeutic effect of RAD001 and Sorafenib in this model. Mice were scanned to establish growth rate followed by 8 weeks of drug treatment, then re-imaged after the last dose of drug treatment. Tumor volumes were determined by volumetric measurement. Results We found that rate of tumor growth varied among mice, as it does in human patients. RAD001 inhibited its predicted target pS6K, yet there was no significant decrease in the tumor volume in RAD001 treated mice compared to the vehicle control group. Sorafenib inhibited cyclinD1 expression and cell proliferation in tumors, and volumetric measurements identified significant decreases in tumor volume in some mice. Conclusion The data demonstrate that volumetric MRI analysis can be used to monitor the therapeutic effect in the preclinical neurofibroma drug screening, and suggest that Sorafenib might have clinical activity in some neurofibromas. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 173–180. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Importance Triggering the extrinsic apoptotic pathway is an effective way to kill cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) cells in vitro and ex vivo. Objective To compare small molecules that induce extrinsic apoptosis in CTCL to identify and analyze compounds that induce high levels of tumor cell death and block tumor cell growth. Design, Setting, and Participants From November 5, 2014, to January 30, 2018, this study performed high-throughput small molecule screening of 1710 compounds followed by detailed analysis of the ability of gentian violet (GV) to promote apoptosis and inhibit proliferation of CTCL cells. Exposures In vitro and ex vivo analyses using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, flow cytometry, and immunoblotting. Main Outcomes and Measures Apoptosis, cleaved caspases, extrinsic apoptotic death receptors and ligands, cell proliferation, nuclear factor–κB expression, and other factors. Results This study used high-throughput screening to detect cleaved caspase 8 induced in CTCL cells by 1710 unique compounds. The nonprescription, topical antimicrobial remedy GV induced more total apoptosis than did nitrogen mustard (mechlorethamine). Furthermore, GV induced 4 to 6 times greater apoptosis in CTCL lines than in normal keratinocytes, suggesting a favorable topical toxicity profile. In addition to increasing caspase 8, GV also upregulated death receptors 4 and 5, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–related apoptosis-inducing ligand, and Fas ligand but not the Fas receptor, TNF receptor, or TNF-α ligand. These results are consistent with induction of extrinsic apoptosis via the Fas and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand pathways. Increased phosphorylation of phospholipase C–γ1, Ca2+influx, and reactive oxygen species were also detected, indicating that the mechanism of Fas ligand upregulation involves key elements of the activation-induced cell death pathway. In ex vivo studies, 1-μmol/L GV induced up to 90% CTCL apoptosis in Sezary blood cells. In addition, GV reduced expression of antiapoptotic myeloid cell leukemia 1 and proproliferative nuclear factor–κB components and increased inhibitory κB levels. This finding was associated with cell cycle arrest and reduced CTCL tumor cell proliferation. Furthermore, the CTCL killing associated with GV was augmented when used in combination with methotrexate. Conclusions and Relevance This study found that GV attacked tumor viability and growth in CTCL. Although purple at neutral pH, GV can be rendered colorless by altering its pH. These preclinical findings may help to broaden knowledge of the antineoplastic features of GV and provide a rationale for clinical studies of its use as a novel, inexpensive, topical therapy for CTCL that is available worldwide.

This article reviews methotrexate and the more potent, related compound, pralatrexate, for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, including mycosis fungoides, Sezary syndrome, and CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders. Although these folate antagonists are traditionally viewed as antiproliferative cell cycle inhibitors, it is recognized that they inhibit DNA methylation, providing a rationale for their use as epigenetic regulators and cell proliferation inhibitors. The underlying mechanisms are outlined, key supporting data presented, followed by brief mention of recent mathematical modeling supporting the general superiority of combination therapy. Several novel examples involving folate antagonists are proposed.

This paper investigates the measurement uncertainty introduced by measurement instruments in frequency domain channel measurement systems. The uncertainty is a quantitative indication of the quality of the measurement results, so it provides a quantitative reference to chose appropriate instruments and measurement methods. The uncertainty analysis is based on Monte Carlo method. To account for the correlations between S-parameter measurements for different frequencies, covariance-matrix-based analysis is performed. The experiments in this paper show that the correlations have a strong influence on the uncertainties of channel parameter measurements. This paper illustrates the method for uncertainty analysis and provides the typical uncertainties of path loss and rms delay spread for the ultra wideband (UWB) channel measurements. For frequency domain channel measurement, the measurement instrument, Vector Network Analyzer (VNA), need to be calibrated. The different calibration methods lead to different measurement uncertainties. This paper presents the uncertainties for different calibration methods. Based on the uncertainty analysis, the response calibration method is suggested for channel measurements. It is the first time to provide the suggestion based on quantitative analysis.

Urine has the potential to become a better source of biomarkers. Urinary proteins are affected by many factors; therefore, differentiating between the variables associated with any particular pathophysiological condition in clinical samples is challenging. To circumvent these problems, simpler systems, such as animal models, should be used to establish a direct relationship between disease progression and urine changes. In this study, a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model was used to observe tubular injury and the eventual development of renal fibrosis, as well as to identify differential urinary proteins in this process. Urine samples were collected from the residuary ureter linked to the kidney at 1 and 3 weeks after UUO. Five hundred proteins were identified and quantified by LC-MS/MS, out of which 7 and 19 significantly changed in the UUO 1- and 3-week groups, respectively, compared with the sham-operation group. Validation by western blot showed increased levels of Alpha-actinin-1 and Moesin in the UUO 1-week group, indicating that they may serve as candidate biomarkers of renal tubular injury and significantly increased levels of Vimentin, Annexin A1 and Clusterin in the UUO 3-week group, indicating that they may serve as candidate biomarkers of interstitial fibrosis.

The nature of the relationship between the work environment and people working in it has become a significant issue for educational research. This paper is based upon the outcomes of investigations made in a number of secondary schools in England and Wales in which a Work Environment Scale and follow-up interviews were used. It contains a snapshot of the British way of portraying the secondary school work environment, provides a perspective of its impact on the professional competence of newly qualified teachers (NQTs) and offers a comparison of NQTs' and more experienced teachers' perceptions about the work environments of their workplaces. The interaction between NQTs and their work environments is considered in order to give ideas about what is happening in these schools when NQTs start their professional careers and how their professional competence might be promoted. An outline of the Work Environment Scale is presented with a special emphasis on its application in educational settings and i...

By using a self-consistent and relativistic field theory, Cerenkov radiation for a configuration in which a thin annular relativistic electron beam (TAREB) propagates through an annular-plasma-filled dielectric lining enclosed within a perfect conducting wall is studied in the absence of a longitudinal guided magnetic field. Determinant dispersion equations of the beam–wave interactions for (a) the TAREB inside the annular plasma; (b) the TAREB penetrating through the annular plasma; and (c) the TAREB outside the annular plasma and the simultaneous condition producing the Cerenkov radiation are derived. These dispersion equations show that the beam–wave interaction results from the coupling of the TM mode in the annular-plasma-filled dielectric lined slow-wave waveguide to the beam mode via the electron beam. Finally, the dispersion equations are directly solved numerically, and the operation frequency and the growth rate of the system are obtained.

According to the World Cancer Report, skin cancer constitutes approximately 30% of all newly diagnosed cancers in the world, and solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation (particularly, its UVB component; 290-320 nm) is an established cause of approximately 90% of skin cancers. The available options have proven to be inadequate for the management of skin cancers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop mechanism-based novel approaches for prevention/therapy of skin cancer. In this study, we evaluated the chemopreventive effects of resveratrol against UVB radiation-mediated skin tumorigenesis in the SKH-1 hairless mouse model. For our studies, we used a UVB initiation-promotion protocol in which the control mice were subjected to chronic UVB exposure (180 mJ/cm2, twice weekly, for 28 weeks). The experimental animals received either a pretreatment (30 min before each UVB) or post-treatment (5 min after UVB) of resveratrol (25 or 50 micro mole/0.2 ml acetone/mouse). The mice were followed for skin tumorigenesis and were killed at 24 h after the last UVB exposure, for further studies. The topical application of skin with resveratrol (both pre- and post- treatment) resulted in a highly significant 1) inhibition in tumor incidence, and 2) delay in the onset of tumorigenesis. Interestingly, the post-treatment of resveratrol was found to impart equal protection than the pretreatment; suggesting that resveratrol-mediated responses may not be sunscreen effects. Because Survivin is a critical regulator of survival/death of cells, and its overexpression has been implicated in several cancers, we evaluated its involvement in chemoprevention of UVB-mediated skin carcinogenesis by resveratrol. Our data demonstrated a significant 1) up-regulation of Survivin (both at protein- and mRNA- levels), 2) up-regulation of phospho-Survivin protein, and 3) down-regulation of proapoptotic Smac/DIABLO protein in skin tumors; whereas treatment with resveratrol resulted in the attenuation of these responses. Our study also suggests that resveratrol enhanced apoptosis in UVB-exposure-mediated skin tumors. Our study, for the first time, demonstrated that 1) resveratrol imparts strong chemopreventive effects against UVB exposure-mediated skin carcinogenesis (relevant to human skin cancers), and 2) the chemopreventive effects of resveratrol may, at least in part, be mediated via modulations in Survivin and other associated events. On the basis of our work, it is conceivable to design resveratrol-containing emollient or patch, as well as sunscreen and skin-care products for prevention of skin cancer and other conditions, which are believed to be caused by UV radiation.

In recent years, the high-speed railway has achieved rapid development in China. To ensure the operation security of high-speed trains, providing reliable communication services is the basic requirement. Since the complex radio propagation environment, the research on the high-speed wireless communication system performance evaluation methods has caused the concern of related researchers. In this paper, we introduce a new method, hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) to measure and evaluate the system QoS (Quality of Services) performance in different mobile speed. We build the simulation system with a radio channel emulator and the GSM-R (Global System for Mobile Communication for Railway) network. In addition, we accomplish an accurate emulation of the propagation environment of Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway testing segment with actual measured data. Based on this, we finally get the conclusion that the mobile speed has little impact on CSD (Circuit Switched Data) QoS performance, while affects GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) QoS performance obviously.

Injection of a background plasma into a dielectric Cherenkov maser can effectively increase the beam-wave interaction efficiency and the microwave power output of the device. Here, the effect of the magnetized plasma on the interaction of the dielectric Cherenkov maser is examined by use of the linear theory. The coupled equation of E-mode with H-mode in the magnetized plasma is derived. It's shown that the E-mode and H-mode are undistinguished in the magnetized plasma and the coupling coefficient is wholly determined by the longitudinal magnetic field strength. The uncoupled condition of the E-mode with H-mode is obtained. The dispersion equation of the beam-plasma, dielectric lined slow-wave waveguide with different background plasma densities inside and outside the electron beam is derived. And by solving the dispersion equation, the effect of the magnetized plasma on the linear spatial growth rate is presented.

On the basis of the reference [1], excitation of Cherenkov radiation with arbitrary azimuthal mode number by a thin annular relativistic electron beam in a plasma-filled dielectric-lined slow-wave waveguide is studied in this paper. A determinantal dispersion equation is obtained. This general dispersion equation is valid for arbitrary azimuthal mode number, and the growth rate of the wave is derived from it. Finally, the effects of the background plasma density on the dispersion relation, the background plasma density and the electron beam radius on the growth rate of the wave are presented. Formulas and results offerd in this paper are general, and are of particular value of reference to the beam-wave interaction in azimuthally unsymmetrical slow-wave waveguide.