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Geothermal energy is one of the keys for understanding the mechanisms driving the plate tectonics and mantle dynamics. The surface heat flux, as measured in boreholes, provides limited insights into the relative contributions of primordial versus radiogenic sources of the interior heat budget. Geoneutrino, electron antineutrino that is produced from the radioactive decay of the heat producing elements, is a unique probe to obtain direct information about the amount and distribution of heat producing elements in the crust and mantle. Cosmochemical, geochemical, and geodynamic compositional models of the Bulk Silicate Earth (BSE) individually predict different mantle neutrino fluxes, and therefore may be distinguished by the direct measurement of geoneutrinos. Due to low counting statistics, the results from geoneutrino measurements at several sites are inadequate to resolve the geoneutrino flux. However, the JUNO detector, currently under construction in South China, is expected to provide an exciting opportunity to obtain a highly reliable statistical measurement, which will produce sufficient data to address several vital questions of geological importance. However, the detector cannot separate the mantle contribution from the crust contribution. To test different compositional models of the mantle, an accurate a-priori estimation of the crust geoneutrino flux based on a three-dimensional (3-D) crustal model is important. This paper presents a 3-D crustal model over a surface area of 10° × 10° grid surrounding the JUNO detector and a depth down to the Moho discontinuity, based on the geological, geophysical and geochemical properties. This model provides a distinction of the thickness of the different crustal layers together with the corresponding Th and U abundances. We also present our predicted local contribution to the total geoneutrino flux and the corresponding radiogenic heat. Compared to previous studies where the surface layer is subdivided into a few geologic units and each of them is considered to have the same geochemical property, our method has provided an effective approach to reduce the uncertainty of geoneutrino flux prediction by constructing the composition of the surface layer through cell by cell which are independent to each other.

With the rapid development of computer network application, it is increasingly important to detect abnormal behaviors and patterns in the field of network security. In this paper, a genetic algorithm is proposed to detect the network anomaly by using Management Information Base (MIB), which is based on the theory of classification using integrated IF-THEN rules. This paper presents a new chromosome coding scheme, and a new method of sufficiency function design is discussed too. Some experiments based on a big data set from real network environment were designed and tested, the results show that this algorithm is efficient in network anomaly detection.

In this paper, a multiple sub-manifold learning method-oriented classification is presented via sparse representation, which is named maximum variance sparse mapping. Based on the assumption that data with the same label locate on a sub-manifold and different class data reside in the corresponding sub-manifolds, the proposed algorithm can construct an objective function which aims to project the original data into a subspace with maximum sub-manifold distance and minimum manifold locality. Moreover, instead of setting the weights between any two points directly or obtaining those by a square optimal problem, the optimal weights in this new algorithm can be approached using L1 minimization. The proposed algorithm is efficient, which can be validated by experiments on some benchmark databases.

Automatic greenhouse production is quite new in China. For the development of our modern agriculture it is a significant issue to accurately formulate the simulation growth models of greenhouse plants in different environments. The objective of our study was to develop an approach to calibrate the growth model of greenhouse crop. In this paper, an adaptive genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed and evaluated for this issue. This new algorithm is composed of two GAs. The primary one is utilized to parameterize the growth model and the secondary is to determine the algorithmic parameters of the primary GA. The superior performance of this new procedure is demonstrated through its applications to three test functions and the greenhouse optimization problems compared with other two GAs. This presented technique may be a fine framework for the development of similar application for complex biological models that require parameterization when a new set of environmental conditions arises or there is a need to account for differences among subspecies or varieties.

In this paper, we present a new design of a swept-volume 3D-360-degree display system with rotating LED panel. This system, which adopts the idea of modular design, is constituted of a mechanical part, a circuit part and a software part. The circuit part is mainly composed of synchronous control module, high speed data transmission module, display module and display control module, etc. The mechanical part includes a mounting platform, a carbon brush assembly, a slip ring assembly, a power mechanism, a synchronous belt mechanism, a rotation assembly, a top cover pressing mechanism, and an auxiliary support. The software part mainly realizes the 3D image data generation, simulation, transmission and display control function. The experimental results show that the SV3DD (swept volume 3D display) system can display 3D images and animations with 360-degree view angles.

This paper describes a network identity authentication protocol of bank account system based on fingerprint identification and mixed encryption. This protocol can provide every bank user a safe and effective way to manage his own bank account, and also can effectively prevent the hacker attacks and bank clerk crime, so that it is absolute to guarantee the legitimate rights and interests of bank users.

The aim of this paper is to investigate how to extract spectral features of five kinds of blood cells before they are classified and counted. Here the hyperspectral images of blood cells are taken from leukemic patients and healthy persons. Different from traditional methods which are usually based on morphology, the method of feature extraction based on hyperspectral imaging technique is mainly from spectral pattern traits and similarity measures. The spectral pattern traits in this paper includes characteristics of troughs or crests in spectral patterns such as spectral absorption index, location, intensity, symmetry. Similarity measures are to measure two pattern's relationship using spectral angle mapping, correlation coefficient and covariance. Altogether these features contain more than thirty characteristics, which would be of great use to segment and classify blood cells in later work.

In this paper, we propose a method of data processing for swept volumetric display and its experimental result. The proposed method consists of four main parts: data acquiring, data pre-processing, data transmitting, and data post-processing. Different data acquisition techniques is adopted for various data types. Data pre-processing mainly include data normalization, Coordinate transformation, data reduction a uniform, and data splitting. Data post-processing part realizes three main functions: data receiving a broadcasting, data saving, and data transmitting to display driver circuit. Compared with other data processing methods, this method can greatly reduce data quantity and the bandwidth of data transmitting. The three-dimensional (3D ) display based on this data processing method can display 3D images and animations with 360-degree view angles, and the image resolution can be up to 96*128*360 voxels at a refresh rate of 20vFps(volumetric Frames per second).

Illumination invariant face recognition is a key problem for automatic face recognition system. The proposed method first applies two-degree ULBP to extract illumination invariant feature on multi-block face. Second, our method combines those histogram features into the final identification characteristics in the right order. SVM is then applying to feature classification to realize the face recognition. The experiment on YaleB database shows that, the combination of multi-degree and multi-block method can achieves a high face recognition rate.

Some molecular hyperspectral images of retina sections were collected. Due to the infection of lamp, a spectral curve extracted directly from the original hyperspectral data can not truly present biochemical character. The main preprocessing step of the hyperspectral data is radiometric correction. The paper provides the gray correction coefficient algorithm to eliminating the influence. Because hyperspectral data cube includes a great deal of single band image, data redundancy is very serious. The paper cites that PCA(Principal Component Analysis) algorithm can validly extract feature information and eliminate data redundancy and achieve dimensionality reduction.

This paper presents a disparity map estimation algorithm for the three-dimensional (3D) swept volume display based on multi-view stereo. In this paper, we first segment the interested object from row-aligned images by optical flow. Then the Normalized Cross-Correlation function and adaptive direction window are integrated for stereo correspondence, which means to use the direction window to fix boundary problems, statistical parameters to sparse texture issues, precise initial matching principle to repetitive texture troubles, image pyramids to the improvement of computation speed difficulties. The results show the robustness and efficiency of this algorithm.

This paper presents a camera network to acquire the voxel data of the Three-Dimensional (3D) Swept Volume Display that can render 3D images for viewers from different views simultaneously without the aid of special headgear or glasses. In this paper, we first design the structure of the network according to parameters of the camera. Then, its corresponding effective area is calculated. Finally, a virtual camera model is proposed according to the radius of the effective area to improve the view utilization of each camera. Results show that we can get a dense 3D model after disparity calculating and merging using multi-view stereo technology of the image captured under our network and it is capable of being displayed in the 3D Swept Volume Display with full 360 degree view angles, also the view of each camera is utilized maximally.

LLE is a nonlinear dimensionality reduction method, which has been successfully applied to data visualization. Based on the assumption of local linearity, LLE can compute the weights between the KNN nodes using the local least reconstruction errors, which increase the computational cost. In this paper, a method titled Discriminant Graph Based Linear Embedding (DGBLE) is proposed to set the weights between the nodes in the KNN graph directly to reduce the computational expense. Moreover, label information can also be taken into account to improve the discriminant power of the original LLE. Experiments on some benchmark data show that the proposed method is feasible and effective.

Image enhancement can improve the perception of information. An image taken from a real scene can be divided into several regions according to the need for enhancement. One particular enhancement method improves some regions and actually deteriorates the other regions which have no need for such enhancement or any enhancement at all. This paper proposes a method to improve the enhancement result with image fusion method with evaluation on sharpness. Several different evaluation methods and fusion policies are discussed and compared. The experiment results show that the fusion improves the enhancement results.

A novel molecular hyperspectral imaging (MHSI) system based on AOTF (acousto-optic tunable filters) was presented. AOTF is a rapid wavelength-scanning solid-state device that operates as a tunable optical band pass filter. AOTF offers the advantage of having no moving parts and can be scanned at very high rates. The system consists of microscope, AOTF-based spectrometer, matrix CCD, image collection card and computer. The spectral range of the MHSI is from 550 to 1000 nm. The spectral resolution is less than 2 nm, and the spatial resolution is about 0.3 μm. The valid pixels are 1024×1024. The system can capture 30 frames per min in burst mode of CCD. The system not only can supply single band images in the visible range, but also spectrum curve of random pixel of sample image. Each pixel of the image has two properties: the spectral property and the luminance property. Initial experiment shows that molecular hyperspectral imaging system coupled with multivariate data analysis is a powerful new tool for understanding complex biological and biomedical samples.

In this paper, image enhancement for noisy image has been studied. A simple approach to enhancement of noisy image data is presented. The proposed method is based on a two steps system that adopts pre-denosing step in order to prevent the noise increase during the sharpening of the image. The proposed method has better performance than available methods in the enhancement of noisy images. Simulation results show that this method can effectively improve the effect of sharpening the noisy image.

The problem of Digital Image Compression based on wavelets is discussed in this paper. We analyze wavelet transform and give a detailed introduction about Wavelet Toolbox™ software. Moreover, the Wavelet Toolbox™ software is described by combining some examples. In addition, based on 2-D wavelet and 2-D wavelet packet, we give a detailed introduction of the image compression. The experimental results indicate that the Wavelet Toolbox™ software provides an excellent design and verification environment for image compression, and the wavelet transform is expected to play a more important role in the area of image compression.

Hyperspectral data cube usually includes hundreds of high-correlated single band images. It is necessary to reduce the dimensionality of hyperspectral images to facilitate the studies and analysis. This paper presents an adaptive non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm to process the wavelength combination of molecular hyperspectral images. In this algorithm, dynamic reproduction probabilities are employed to regulate the selection pressure. To evaluate the performance of this new algorithm on the combination optimization, the simulation results are compared with those of a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm without adaptation and of a single-objective genetic algorithm having the same adaptive mechanism. The comparison revealed its better performance in the wavelength selection of molecular hyperspectral data of rat retinal sections.

It is difficult for traditional teaching method to make students master the working principle of High Frequency Circuit (HFC) and the change of signal waveform in the system. This paper has proposed a novel teaching method by the combination of two kinds of software from National Instruments, including LabVIEW with Modulation Toolkit and multisim. The results show that this method can effectively verify circuit theory in both theoretical computation and circuit design, settling the problem of traditional teaching method. Moreover, a series of practical systems have also been developed by this method.

Microscopic hyperspectral imaging technology instead of traditional method is employed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Erythropoietin (EPO) on diabetic rats. As a relatively new method for biomedical discipline, hyperspectral imaging coupled with microscope can supply not only a variety of dissimilar wavelengths images but also optical spectra at every pixel in these images. With the data cube taken by microscopic pushbroom hyperspectral imager, the spectra of the normal, diabetic, and EPO-treated rats were compared to carry out quantitative analysis. Results show the spectral signature of the EPO group was more similar to that of the Normal than that of the Diabetes to the Normal. The results suggest EPO may prevent cell apoptosis and has protective effect on rat DR at a certain level. Owing to its effective application to the validation of drug efficacy, microscopic hyperspectral imager may probably provide a potential approach for medical researchers in future.

In this paper, we propose a fast semi-supervised learning algorithm based on the bisecting clustering. The key idea of the proposed algorithm is dividing data into two sub clusters each time by using bisecting clustering and parts of the features of the data. The time complexity of the algorithm is nearly linear to the data size. Numerical comparisons with several existing methods for the UCI datasets and benchmark datasets verify the effectiveness of our method.

Positional analysis needs to be made in the Go game, and it is true for professional players or Go program. The present Go program regards the territory scores as a major standard in its positional analysis, which is a flawed approach. In this article, an approach is proposed to calculate the winning probability, and the model parameter is further optimized by genetic algorithm. Through this approach, various winning probability models based on different levels can be obtained. After the test, it is concluded that the precision of this model can be applied in the module of middle game and end game in the computer Go.

The stand-alone edition of face recognition system has some application limitations. This paper presents a design and realization of the online face recognition system. Whole system is controlled automatically by background service on the client/server. The face information database is built with SQL Server and the website is developed with Active Server Page(ASP) technology. After client pre-processing, the client background service uploads the local face image to the remote server, then, the server background service starts the recognition task and sends the recognition result back to the client. The proposed approach is verified by experiments that it has a good performance and broad application prospect.

Hyperspectral imaging coupled with microscopy has been introduced for biomedicine science recently. As hyperspectral data cube include a great deal of single-band images, an adaptive genetic algorithm is presented to solve the best band combination problem for hyperspectral biomedical image studies in this paper. Simulation result demonstrates the effect of this algorithm to the hyperspectral image of leukemia blood cell.

As proven by the success of OFDM for wireless communications, multicarrier modulation is becoming the chosen modulation technique. Waveform bases other than sine functions could similarly be used for multicarrier systems in order to provide an alternative to OFDM. From this point of view, this paper will propose a novel approach to transmit parallel information by wavelet packet transform modulation over wireless channels and another channel estimation method using ANNs, which is more proper for WPM than LMMSE estimation. Investigations have shown that this technique is superior to traditional OFDM in terms of computational efficiency for both modulating and demodulating.

With the development of DLP projection technology, DLP is gradually occupying LCD projector market. To the limitations and faults of mechanical color wheel in conventional DLP projection system, we study illumination structure based on high-power LED system. An innovative method is proposed. Through establishing test platforms, parameters of illumination system and constant current modules for high-power LED are obtained. The results indicate that this method simplifies the structure of digital constant current source, reduces costs of system and improves accuracy. In the application of DLP stereo prototype projector, the proposed method meets the demands of high efficiency, rich color, long lifetime etc. Thus, more colorful and vivid image is showed, three-dimensional video performed by our innovative projector will become more fluent in the near future.

Recently, the importance of face recognition has been increasingly emphasized since CCD cameras are distributed to various applications. This paper proposes a robust method for face recognition from two image sequences taken by stereo cameras, so the facial appearance changes by lighting variations or other causes wonpsilat lead to serious performance degradation. The feature correspondences between images are extracted and refined automatically by the relation of the stereo cameras. Given a point on left image, the correspondent point on right image is the intersection of maximum correlation coefficient and epipolar line. Identical database of the person is synthesized form photometric stereo images of training data. Some experimental results are presented to demonstrate the proposed technology. The results show that high-resolution 3D data of free surface has been acquired and higher recognition rates are gotten.

This paper proposes a novel approach for speech feature extraction., the proposed noise robust feature extraction algorithm is found to be robust to different noise characteristics, SNRs, and under various training-testing matched or unmatched conditions. And the algorithm this paper presents exhibit a low computational cost. We also give a practical weighting technique here. The experiment compares traditional MFCCs algorithm and our methods, results show overall improvement with the application of proposed wavelet based denoising algorithm with a modified thresholding procedure.

Stereo correspondence is the central problem of stereovision. In this paper a new stereo matching scheme using adaptive genetic algorithm is proposed to implement disparity maps to realize depth reconstruction of 3D information. Adaptive crossover and mutation mechanism are employed in this technique. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is better than those get by a fixed-size window.

With the development of computer and LED technology, the market scale of landscape lighting is expanding rapidly. LED display system based on conventional DMX512 standard has such problems as poor reliability, slow speed, short distance communication, which can not completely meet the increasing demands of the current market. We put forward an integrated communication method that LED system combines CAN bus with DMX512 standard. This proposed method merges above two communication modes, makes full use of each advantage and improves systempsilas reliability, communication speed and distance. The improved method is applied to landscape lighting in Shanghai Global Financial Center (the highest building in the world), which can realize a new LED system with long distance, high speed, fully dependable communication and create special lamps according to the building design. The new system has already been used in this highest building and achieved enormous potential ability of the market.

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is an attractive modulation technique for high data rata wireless local area network (WLAN) because of its good performance in fading channels. In this paper, we employ genetic algorithm (GA) to achieve a minimum degradation of OFDM system over multipath fading and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. GA is used to extract the optimum value of the guard interval (GI) parameter, which is introduced to solve the problem of interferences that occur at the receiver. The results show that the optimum value of GI is strongly depends on the maximum delay spread. A series of simulations for the bit error rate (BER) performance as a function of subcarrier L with QPSK as modulation scheme for an optimal GI are presented.

Novel design of single-feed circular microstrip antenna for polarization diversity is proposed. It is demonstrated that by incorporating two orthogonal slots of equal lengths in the circular patch and utilizing two PIN diodes to switch the slots on or off, right hand circular polarization (RHCP) or left hand circular polarization (LHCP) can be achieved using the same feeding probe. The antenna design and results of the CP microstrip antenna obtained by applying this design are presented and discussed.

Most wireless system now relies on the use of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) because of its high data rate and its capability to combat the multi-path interference. In this paper, we investigate how the guard Interval (GI) length dealing with the delayed waves creating by the multi-path fading environment, affect the system performance. We will compare the performances of the system by measuring Bit Error Rate (BER) with QPSK as modulation scheme over multi-path fading and Add White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) in different delay environments. Furthers we will try to determine the optimum values of the GI parameter to achieve a good performance according to the existing delay. The simulations result shows that the GI depends strongly on the maximum delay spread.

This paper presents several key technologies in the Mobile Location Based Service (MLBS) system of Shanghai. In the paper, the author presents a solution of handset mobile terminal, PDA+GPS+GSM/GPRS. The paper particularly introduces the hardware of the terminal and the acquirement of GPS information at the terminal. The paper also introduces how the terminal communicates with the special service center.© (2004) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.