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Context Nondigestible fermentable carbohydrates (NDFCs) can be fermented by microbiota, thereby yielding metabolites that have a beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of obesity and its complications. However, to our knowledge, no meta-analysis has been conducted to evaluate the effects of NDFCs on obesity. Objective To conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to summarize existing evidence on the effects of numerous NDFCs on adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors in adults with overweight or obesity with ≥2 weeks of follow-up. Data Sources The following databases were searched: MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL. Data Extraction Seventy-seven RCTs with 4535 participants were identified for meta-analysis from the 3 databases. Data Analysis The findings suggest that increased intake of NDFCs is significantly effective in reducing body mass index by 0.280 kg/m2, weight by 0.501 kg, hip circumference by 0.554 cm, waist circumference by 0.649 cm, systolic blood pressure by 1.725 mmHg, total cholesterol by 0.36 mmol/L, and low-density lipoprotein by 0.385 mmol/L, with evidence of moderate-to-high quality. Conclusion Convincing evidence from meta-analyses of RCTs indicates that increased NDFC intake improves adiposity, blood lipid levels, and systolic blood pressure in people with overweight and obesity.

Background Microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs) are critical substrates for intestinal microbes; the subsequent production of SCFAs may have some potential benefits for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objectives We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effects of higher compared with lower MAC intakes on cardiovascular risk factors in T2DM patients and performed an umbrella review of RCTs to evaluate the evidence quality concerning existing dietary T2DM interventions. Methods Publications were identified by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL. In the meta-analysis, random-effects models were used to calculate pooled estimates, and sensitivity analyses, meta-regression, subgroup analyses, and Egger's test were performed. For the umbrella review, we summarized pooled estimates, 95% CIs, heterogeneity, and publication bias. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) and modified NutriGrade were used to assess the quality of evidence in the meta-analysis and umbrella review, respectively. Results Forty-five RCTs with 1995 participants were included in the meta-analysis. High MAC intake significantly reduced glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (weighted mean difference [WMD] -0.436% [-0.556, -0.315]), fasting glucose (WMD -0.835 mmol/L [-1.048, -0.622]), total cholesterol (WMD -0.293 mmol/L [-0.397, -0.190]), triglycerides (WMD -0.118 mmol/L [-0.308, -0.058]), BMI (WMD -0.476 [-0.641, -0.312]), and systolic blood pressure (WMD -3.066 mmHg [-5.653, -0.478]), with a moderate-to-high quality of evidence, compared with low intake. Region, dose, and MAC type were key variables. The umbrella review of all dietary interventions for cardiovascular risk factors in patients with T2DM included 26 meta-analyses with 158 pooled estimates. The evidence quality of MACs, dietary fiber, high-protein diet, ω-3 (n-3), viscous fiber, vitamin D, and vitamin E intake was moderate to high. Conclusions When compared with lower intake, increased MAC intake improved glycemic control, blood lipid, body weight, and inflammatory markers for people with T2DM. This trial was registered at PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails) as CRD42019120531.

With the development of Energy Internet and Smart Grid, power communication equipment has gradually become an important pillar supporting the information transmission. However, when equipment failure occurs, more and more attention has been paid to the rapid realization of equipment fault research and judgment from a large amount of equipment fault information. Based on the fault data of power communication equipment, a fault model of power communication equipment is designed in this paper. It combines BERT and BiLSTM-CRF model for knowledge extraction, and constructs the equipment fault knowledge graph to realize the visual display of power communication equipment. Through this model, fault knowledge extraction can be realized accurately, and a visual model of fault analysis can be formed, which can effectively improve the fault research speed and work efficiency of maintenance personnel.

Communication network plays an important part in the construction of the smart power distribution and utilization system, and it covers wide area and has a great number of scattered signals. The paper summed up the advantages and disadvantages of several common power wireless communication technologies, and proposed a novel power broadband wireless system. In order to verify its performance, we tested the coverage, transmission rate etc. Meanwhile, the paper also analyzed the communication requirements of the smart distribution and utilization system in detail. Compared with the requirements, the test results show that the novel power broadband wireless system has the characteristics of wide coverage, high transmission rate and short transmission delay, which provides an effective wireless communication solution for the power distribution and utilization services.

Electric vehicles (EVs) are an emerging type of mobile intelligent power consumption devices in Smart Grid as new green transport tools. In order to provide a powerful automation and intelligence support for wide area electric vehicles energy service network, we analyze the network infrastructure and communications demands of various terminals, devices and monitoring systems distributed in wide area electric vehicle energy service network. According to interactive user services scenarios and energy operations intelligent monitoring, we propose multimode communication integration architecture for wide area electric vehicle energy service network by means of the fusion of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Then, we design different networking schemes in access networks and backbone transmission networks meeting multi-scene and multi-operation interaction requirements. The networking schemes will provide efficient technical support to implement intelligent, cross-regional, interactive energy services for electric vehicle users.

Due to the rapid growth of the air conditioning load of the residents had bigger impact on power grid safety and power smooth operation, in order to improve energy conservation and reduce emissions of the residents, many countries had studied the home energy management system (HEMS) in the world. In this paper, based on the summary of the work of other countries, the HEMS research and practice situation of China were discussed, combined with the national development and reform commission (NDRC) project, the power consumption visualization empirical research had been carried on in different cities in 2012, the interaction results show that the load can be reduced by an average of 6.67%, which proved that the electricity interactive was very interesting for long-term strategy of energy conservation and emissions reduction.

Information and communication technology are the important support technology to effective energy distribution and consumption. With the national power reform and electricity sale opened, the new requirements and goals for user demand side management and response were put forward. The efficient mining and application of consumption data should be the important basis of demand side management and response. But these data have some difficult problems as following: massive amounts, complexity of processing and analysis; In this paper, based on big data and cloud computing technology, the overall function modules of intelligent power consumption management platform were completed, and the multivariate, multi-dimensional intelligence analysis model was proposed and applied. Example as residential electricity data, the parallel outliers algorithm based on density was researched to complete the abnormal behavior and mine abnormal electricity user type; Meanwhile, Some residents in Shanghai, Beijing, Nanchang and Yinchuan were grouped, empirical research of power demand response were carried out, under the effective interaction and good incentives, the peak load can be effectively reduced; With intelligent industrial park enterprises in Gansu province as industry user example, the adaptive scheduling algorithm was proposed and applied to actual production of some enterprise with orderly electricity consumption management, the experimental result show effectively load reduction. Therefore, big data technology will provide effective support for smart power consumption in the future.

With many applications of internet of things (IoT) technology in smart grid, the power internet of things (PIoT) faces new issues in security, especially in sensing applications. This paper illustrates perspective of the PIoT and its security, and gives the security framework, security policies and appropriate countermeasures. Since the PIoT is a huge complex cyber-physical network, the study on the security of PIoT, especially the influence of the perception layer, is of importance from both the architecture and measures. Considering about the huge numbers of new technologies and intelligent devices, we propose a global perspective security framework from perception layer to application layer. Meanwhile, we also give the security policies and measures. Some of researches in this paper have been adopted in some projects, the results show that the design is effective.

This paper analyzes the complementarity in perception parameter, data accuracy, coverage range, acquisition costs between fixed detectors and mobile detectors in road traffic field and presents the actual and technical demands for multi-source traffic sensor information fusion. The paper focuses on traffic status perception data of floating cars and magnetic loops as two types of typical scenes, and proposes a traffic status data fusion model based on Support Vector Regression (SVR) algorithm. The fusion model can be built in self-adaptive optimization mode by a perception dataset with SVR machine learning methods, which can effectively solve small samples, nonlinear and uncertainty problems for multi-source data fusion modeling. We acquire simulation data of different sampling interval and road types on GPS floating cars and magnetic loops in PTV microscopic traffic platform environment and experimentally verify feasibility of the fusion model for multi-source traffic status perception data.

Carrier aggregation is an important technology in LTE-Advanced. In the paper, a novel wireless private network is proposed for distribution networks, and the carrier aggregation is applied in the system. The electric power wireless private network system is developed based on TD-LTE technologies at the dedicated 230MHz spectrum, the frequency points are discrete and the bandwidth is narrow. In order to meet the requirements of distribution networks in power system, making fully utilize of the spectrum band and seeking for the wider bandwidths is a good ways. The paper shows the dedicated spectrum of 230MHz for power system in China, and introduces the application of carrier aggregation in the system. By estimating the transmission rate and the operation performance, the paper gets the conclusion that the carrier aggregation can improve the performance of the electric power wireless communication.

Wireless plays an important role in the intelligent distribution communication network. Nowadays the typical wireless communications being used in power system are GPRS, CDMA and data transceiver, which can't full meet the requirements of intelligent distribution networks. While there are a lot of measurement points which scattered wide area in distribution networks, the coverage is an important performance criterion for the wireless communication. In this paper, a new electric power wireless communication network based on TD-LTE is proposed, which is developed at the dedicated 230MHz spectrum for power system. The paper compares the coverage between 230MHz and 1800MHz spectrum, and lists the other performances such as transmission rate and capacitance, from these performances the paper gets the conclusion that the novel electric power wireless network is a suitable wireless technology for the intelligent distribution network.

With the development of smart grid, the requirements of high speed, low delay, high security and wide coverage have motivated the need to a power wireless private network for the intelligent distribution networks. In this paper, we propose a new electric power wireless communication network. The system is designed based on TD-LTE technology, and rebuilds its physical layer according to the need of the power system. The paper gives a general studies on the major performances of the power wireless private network system, it primarily focuses on coverage and peak transmission speed. By means of a Hata model, we get an estimation of the coverage at urban, suburban and rural. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a key technology of LTE, the paper get the approximate peak transmission speed by analyzing different OFDM configurations of subcarriers and symbols. The performance shows that the new power wireless private network is a very suitable scheme to meet the demand of intelligent distribution networks.

With the development of smart grid, the requirements of high speed, low delay and better coverage have motivated the need to a power wireless broadband private network that bridge the communication gap between the transmission network systems and the customers. In this paper, we give a general overview of studies on the major parameters in the distribution network communication system, and propose a new electric power wireless communication network of TDLTE230 as well. The TD-LTE230 system is designed based on TD-LTE, and rebuilds its physical layer at 230MHz. the traditional spectrum for electric power system. A TD-LTE230 system has been deployed at Haiyan, Zhejiang province. After a year of stable operation, it has proved that as a good communication resolve scheme, TD-LTE230 system resolves the problems of wide coverage and too many measured points in the intelligent distribution network.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are subject to various attacks because of the vulnerable environment, limited recourse, and open communication channel. To protect WSNs, in this paper, we present a Secret sharing-based key management (SSKM). SSKM utilizes the advantages of hierarchical architecture and adopts two-level key management and authentication mechanism, which can efficiently protect the allover network communication security and survivability. Different from previous works, the SSKM distributes keys based on secret sharing mechanism by the clustered architecture, which not only localizes the key things but also keeps scalability. The SSKM provides various session keys, the network key for base station (BS) and cluster heads (CHs); the cluster key between the cluster head and member nodes. The SSKM dynamically generates different keys based on different polynomials from BS in different periods which can protect the network from the compromised nodes and reduce the high probability of the common keys. The security analysis shows that the SSKM can prevent several attacks effectively and reduce the energy consumption.

Background During normal development primordial germ cells (PGCs) derived from the epiblast are the precursors of spermatogonia and oogonia. In culture, PGCs can be induced to dedifferentiate to pluripotent embryonic germ (EG) cells in the presence of various growth factors. Several recent studies have now demonstrated that spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) can also revert back to pluripotency as embryonic stem (ES)-like cells under certain culture conditions. However, the potential dedifferentiation of SSCs into PGCs or the potential generation of oocytes from SSCs has not been demonstrated before. Results We report that mouse male SSCs can be converted into oocyte-like cells in culture. These SSCs-derived oocytes (SSC-Oocs) were similar in size to normal mouse mature oocytes. They expressed oocyte-specific markers and gave rise to embryos through parthenogenesis. Interestingly, the Y- and X-linked testis-specific genes in these SSC-Oocs were significantly down-regulated or turned off, while oocyte-specific X-linked genes were activated. The gene expression profile appeared to switch to that of the oocyte across the X chromosome. Furthermore, these oocyte-like cells lost paternal imprinting but acquired maternal imprinting. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that SSCs might maintain the potential to be reprogrammed into oocytes with corresponding epigenetic reversals. This study provides not only further evidence for the remarkable plasticity of SSCs but also a potential system for dissecting molecular and epigenetic regulations in germ cell fate determination and imprinting establishment during gametogenesis.