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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute effect of photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) on arterial pressure in hypertensive and normotensive rats with application in an abdominal region. Normotensive (2K) and hypertensive (2K-1C) wistar rats were treated with PBM. Systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were measured before, during and after PBM application. The nitric oxide (NO) serum concentration was measured before and after PBM application. Vascular reactivity study was performed in isolated thoracic aortas. Aluminum gallium arsenide (GaAlAs) diode laser was used, at 660nm wavelength and 100mW optical output. The PBM application induced a decrease of SAP in 2K-1C rats. In 2K rats, the PBM application had no effect on SAP, DAP and MAP. Moreover, the magnitude of hypotensive effect was higher in 2K-1C than in 2K rats. The PBM application induced a decrease of HR in 2K-1C and 2K, with higher effect in 2K-1C rats. In 2K-1C, the hypotensive effect induced by PBM was longer than that obtained in 2K rats. PBM application induced an elevation of NO concentration in serum from 2K-1C and 2K rats, with higher effect in 2K-1C. In isolated aortic rings PBM effect is dependent of NO release, and is not dependent of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activation. Our results indicate that the abdominal acute application of PBM at 660nm is able to induce a long lasting hypotensive effect in hypertensive rats and vasodilation by a NO dependent mechanism.

The main purpose of this work was to construct an energy-dependent response curve of photobiomodulation on arterial pressure in hypertension animal model. To reach this objective, we have used a two-kidney one clip (2K-1C) rat model. Animals received acute laser light irradiation (660 nm) on abdominal region using different energy (0.6, 1.8, 3.6, 7.2, 13.8, 28.2, 55.8, and 111.6 J), the direct arterial pressure was measured by femoral cannulation, and systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), heart rate (HR), and time of effect were obtained. Our results indicated that 660 nm laser light presents an energy-dependent hypotensive effect, and 28.2 J energy irradiation reached the maximum hypotensive effect, inducing a decreased SAP, DAP, and HR (decrease in SAP: − 19.23 ± 1.82 mmHg, n = 11; DAP: − 9.57 ± 2.23 mmHg, n = 11; HR: − 39.15 ± 5.10 bpm, n = 11; and time of hypotensive effect: 3068.00 ± 719.00 s, n = 11). The higher energy irradiation evaluated (111.6 J) did not induce a hypotensive effect and induced an increase in HR (21.69 ± 7.89 bpm, n = 7). Taken together, our results indicate that red laser energy irradiation from 7.2 to 55.8 J is the effective therapeutic window to reduce SAP, DAP, MAP, and HR and induce a long-lasting hypotensive effect in rats, with effect loss at higher energy irradiation (111.6 J).

Objetivo: Analisar a cinética da creatina quinase (CK) e suas concentrações no treinamento resistido em circuito, com diferentes volumes de um peso fixo de vinte repetições máximas (20RM), para homens treinados (TR) e destreinados (DT). Método: Compuseram a amostra, por voluntariado, 18 homens (9 voluntários TR e 9 DT), com idade entre 18 e 35 anos. Após receberem informações sobre o projeto, os voluntários, realizaram uma avaliação física, e posteriormente testes e retestes de uma repetição máxima (1RM) e 20RM. O protocolo de treinamento consistiu em: 3 sessões de exercícios (leg press, supino reto, mesa flexora, puxador frente), com intervalos de 1 minuto entre os exercícios e 2 minutos entre cada volta, totalizando 3 voltas por sessão. Cada sessão teve diferentes volumes (12, 16 e 20 repetições) e intervalo de 96 horas (h) entre as sessões. A dosagem da CK, a partir de uma amostra sanguínea, foi realizada em repouso, 24, 48 e 72h pós sessão. Os dados foram analisados pelo software STATISTIC 7, adotando significância de p

Objective: To evaluate the energy expenditure (EE) in a resistance training protocol with different volumes of a fixed weight by the alternating circuit method by segment in trained (TR) and untrained (UT) men. Method: The sample comprised, by volunteering, 18 men aged between 18 and 35 years. After being informed about the stages of the project, the volunteers carried out an assessment of their body composition, followed by the tests of a maximum repetition (1RM) and twenty maximum repetitions (20RM), and later retest. The protocol consisted of three circuit-training sessions with different training volumes (12, 16 and 20 repetitions) of a fixed weight of 20RM in the leg press, bench press, flexor table and front puller exercises, with 1-minute intervals between the exercises and 2 minutes between each lap, totaling 3 laps per session. For data analysis, the STATISTIC 7 software was used, adopting a significance of p

Background: Despite knowing that resveratrol has effects on blood vessels, blood pressure and that phytostrogens can also improve the endothelium-dependent relaxation/vasodilation, there are no reports of reveratrol's direct effect on the endothelial function and blood pressure of animals with estrogen deficit (mimicking post-menopausal increased blood pressure). Objective: To verify the effect of two different periods of preventive treatment with resveratrol on blood pressure and endothelial function in ovariectomized young adult rats. Methods: 3-month old female Wistar rats were used and distributed in 6 groups: intact groups with 60 or 90 days, ovariectomized groups with 60 or 90 days, and ovariectomized treated with resveratrol (10 mg/kg of body weight per day) for 60 or 90 days. The number of days in each group corresponds to the duration of the experimental period. Vascular reactivity study was performed in abdominal aortic rings, systolic blood pressure was measured and serum nitric oxide (NO) concentration was quantified. Results: Ovariectomy induced blood pressure increase 60 and 90 days after surgery, whereas the endothelial function decreased only 90 days after surgery, with no difference in NO concentration among the groups. Only longer treatment (90 days) with resveratrol was able to improve the endothelial function and normalize blood pressure. Conclusion: Our results suggest that 90 days of treatment with resveratrol is able to improve the endothelial function and decrease blood pressure in ovariectomized rats. Resumo Fundamentos: Apesar de se saber que o resveratrol apresenta efeitos sobre a pressão arterial e os vasos sanguíneos, e que os fitoestrógenos podem melhorar o relaxamento/vasodilatação dependente do endotélio, não há relatos do efeito direto do resveratrol sobre a pressão arterial e a função endotelial em animais com deficiência de estrógeno (mimetizando a pressão arterial aumentada pós-menopausa). Objetivo: Verificar o efeito de dois diferentes períodos de tratamento preventivo com resveratrol sobre a pressão arterial e a função endotelial em ratas adultas jovens ovariectomizadas. Métodos: Foram utilizadas ratas Wistar com 3 meses de idade, distribuídas em 6 grupos: grupos intactas com 60 ou 90 dias, grupos ovariectomizadas com 60 ou 90 dias, grupos ovariectomizadas e tratadas com resveratrol na dose de 10mg/kg de massa corporal por dia, durante 60 ou 90 dias, sendo o número de dias em cada grupo relativo à duração do período experimental. Foi realizado um estudo de reatividade vascular em anéis da aorta abdominal, mensurada a pressão arterial sistólica e quantificada a concentração sérica de óxido nítrico (NO). Resultados: A ovariectomia induziu aumento da pressão arterial 60 e 90 dias após a cirurgia, enquanto a função endotelial decaiu apenas após 90 dias, e não houve diferença na concentração de NO entre os grupos. Apenas o tratamento prolongado com resveratrol (90 dias) foi capaz de melhorar a função endotelial e normalizar a pressão arterial. Conclusão: Nossos resultados sugerem que o tratamento por 90 dias com resveratrol é capaz de melhorar a função endotelial e diminuir a pressão sanguínea em ratas ovariectomizadas.

Introduction: The provision of health interventions in Brazil presents regional differences and the development of studies is important to support public policy. Objective: To describe the distribution of physical therapy, the percentage of cities which have this kind of professional and the ratio between physiotherapists/1000 inhabitants in different regions and federative units in Brazil. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study using data from the National Register of Health Service Providers (CNES) and demographic census 2010. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics techniques. Results: The study identified 53 181 registries of physical therapists: 50% in the Southeast, 21% Northeast 18% South, Central-west 7% and 4% North. The existence of physical therapists occurred in 76% of cities in the country, with the highest proportion in the Southeast (91% of the cities) and the lowest in the North (40%). Metropolises and big cities where reponsible for 64% of the registries,with the highest ratio of physical therapists / 1000 inhabitants. Conclusion: Southeast and South regions, metropolises and big cities were the main actuation sites of physiotherapists indicating the need of policies to promote a more heterogeneous distribution of this professional throughout the country.

In this study, we investigated the effects of resistance training (RT), caloric restriction (CR), and the association of both interventions in aortic vascular reactivity and morphological alterations, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity, insulin resistance and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in ovariectomized rats. Fifty female Holtzman rats were subjected to ovariectomy and Sham surgery and distributed into the following groups: Sham-sedentary, ovariectomized-sedentary, ovariectomized-resistance training, ovariectomized-caloric restriction, and ovariectomized-resistance training and caloric restriction groups. RT and 30% CR protocols were performed for 13 weeks. Analyses were conducted to evaluate the following: acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation of aortic rings, MMP-2 activity, insulin tolerance test, highlighting of the aorta wall cross-sectional area by hematoxylin-eosin stain, aorta vessel remodeling and SBP. We observed that ovariectomy decreased the potency of dependent and independent endothelium relaxation and MMP-2 activity, prevented insulin resistance, promoted aorta vessel remodeling in the cross-sectional area, and promoted the media-to-lumen ratio, the collagen content, and the alteration of the structure and elastic fibers of the vessel. The effects of the ovariectomy could contribute to SBP increases. However, the association of exercise and diet improved the relaxation potency in dependent and independent endothelium relaxation, elevated MMP-2 activity, ameliorate insulin sensitivity, increased the aorta cross-sectional area and media-to-lumen ratio, decreased collagen content and promoted histological parameters of the aorta vessel wall, preventing the increase of SBP. Conclusion: Our study revealed that the RT and CR separately, and even associatively, improved vascular function, activated MMP-2, and produced a beneficial hypertrophic remodeling, preventing the elevation of SBP in ovariectomized rats.

Introduction: The Gerontology points out concerns in understanding aging and its consequences, in order to propose specific policies. Objective: Identify occupational roles of older Brazilians and the relationship of these roles to demographic, socioeconomic, and health factors. Method: Participants included 67 non-institutionalized individuals 70–84 years of age (33 men and 34 women; average age: 74.6 years). The roles performed in the Past, Present and Future were examined using the Role Checklist. Results: The occupational roles have changed over time, evidencing the loss of roles during the transition from Past to Present, although the participants stated that they intend to be engaged in a higher number of roles in the Future. The main roles performed in the Present are Hobbyist/Amateur, Home Maintainer and Family Member. In general, engaging in occupational roles was associated with higher education and income either in the Past, Present and Future. Conclusions: The study enabled to detect the diversity and complexity of older people’s participation in society, contributing to a further understanding of their occupational careers. The main limitation of this study concerns to the specific sample composition, with independent older people. Further studies are in need to obtain an in-depth theoretical and empirical understanding of the trends and trajectories of the roles of older people.

To compare the effects of water-based and land-based physical therapy on postural control of older women with osteoporosis.Thirty-six postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were allocated into two groups: land-based or water-based. Volunteers received 12 weeks of a supervised land-based or water-based physical therapy treatment. The outcome measure was postural control of the body during quiet standing on upright stance (eyes opened and closed), tandem and one-limb stance on a force plate. A two-way ANOVA with a Tukey HSD post-hoc test were used to highlight differences between pre- and post-intervention evaluations. Effect sizes were measured with Cohen d coefficient. For all variables, a level of 5% of significance was adopted.Significant improvements at tandem (p 0.05, effect sizes from -0.67 to -1.35) and one-limb stance (p 0.05, effect sizes from -0.76 to -1.03) for women carrying out water-based treatment were observed. Land-based treatment did not present significant improvement.Group-based water-based physical therapy treatment may be more effective than land-based therapy to improve postural control at one-limb stance in women with osteoporosis.

The present study estimated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) according to the criteria established by the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and analyzed the contribution of social factors in an adult urban population in the Southeastern region of Brazil. The sample plan was based on multistage probability sampling according to family head income and educational level. A random sample of 1116 subjects aged 30 to 79 years was studied. Participants answered a questionnaire about socio-demographic variables and medical history. Fasting capillary glucose (FCG), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides were determined and all non-diabetic subjects were submitted to the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)), waist circumference and blood pressure (BP) were determined. Age- and gender-adjusted prevalence of MS was 35.9 and 43.2% according to NCEP-ATPIII and IDF criteria, respectively. Substantial agreement was found between NCEP-ATPIII and IDF definitions. Low HDL-C levels and high BP were the most prevalent MS components according to NCEP-ATPIII criteria (76.3 and 59.2%, respectively). Considering the diagnostic criteria adopted, 13.5% of the subjects had diabetes and 9.7% had FCG ≥100 mg/dL. MS prevalence was significantly associated with age, skin color, BMI, and educational level. This cross-sectional population-based study in the Southeastern region of Brazil indicates that MS is highly prevalent and associated with an important social indicator, i.e., educational level. This result suggests that in developing countries health policy planning to reduce the risk of MS, in particular, should consider improvement in education.

CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: A dor crônica e difusa encontra-se presente tanto nas Lesões por Esforços Repetitivos (LER)/Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho (DORT) como na Fibromialgia, trazendo dificuldades diagnósticas, preventivas e terapêuticas para profissionais da saúde envolvidos no tratamento de acometidos. OBJETIVOS: Analisar os aspectos relevantes na emissão dos diagnósticos de DORT e Fibromialgia na percepção de médicos assistenciais e peritos. MÉTODOS: Neste estudo, 75 médicos (36 assistenciais e 39 peritos) responderam a questões estruturadas e abertas sobre aspectos considerados relevantes na emissão de diagnóstico destas síndromes. RESULTADOS: As respostas dos dois grupos foram correlacionadas pelo teste de Spearman (α=0,05) e submetidos ao método de Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). Os médicos assistenciais tenderam a valorizar o fator "quadro clínico e tempo de evolução", enquanto os médicos peritos tenderam a apontar "história ocupacional" na definição do diagnóstico de LER/DORT. Já para o diagnóstico de Fibromialgia, os peritos tenderam a apontar o fator "quantidade de tender points", enquanto os médicos assistenciais indicaram mais frequentemente "característica da dor". Apesar dessas discretas discrepâncias, alta correlação (r=0,85, ρ=0,01) foi identificada entre os grupos quando apontaram aspectos comuns e distintos no estabelecimento do diagnóstico para as duas síndromes. Os relatos também enfatizaram a necessidade da investigação de riscos presentes no trabalho para a definição de um diagnóstico mais preciso. CONCLUSÕES: Nesse sentido, objetivando uniformizar condutas avaliativas, preventivas e terapêuticas para médicos, fisioterapeutas e demais profissionais envolvidos no atendimento dessas síndromes, seria recomendável maior divulgação dos critérios utilizados por entidades internacionais no diagnóstico da Fibromialgia e a inclusão de treinamento para identificação de efeitos adversos de condições inadequadas do trabalho na formação desses profissionais.

Influence of the Open University for the Third Age (UATI) and the revitalization program (REVT) on quality of life in middle-aged and elderly adults

Objectives To investigate the effects of an exercise program on respiratory function, thoracic kyphosis, tolerance to exercise and quality of life in women with osteoporosis. Design Pilot observational study. Setting Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil. Participants Fourteen women with densitometric diagnosis of osteoporosis in the spine. Interventions An exercise program comprising of three sessions per week, lasting 1 hour each, over an 8-week period. Each session incorporated: 5 minutes of stretching exercises, including the lower limb and upper limb muscles; 15 minutes of posture exercises; 20 minutes of walking; 15 minutes of exercises to improve the strength of respiratory muscles and a 5-minutes, cool-down and relaxation. Main outcome measures Respiratory function evaluation, submaximal exercise tolerance test measurement of the thoracic kyphosis angle, and the Osteoporosis Assessment Questionnaire (OPAQ) to measure the quality of life at baseline and at 8-week follow-up. Results At follow-up, increases of between 12% and 23% in respiratory pressures were noted. The results also suggest an increase of 13% in submaximal exercise tolerance and a small increase of approximately 5% in the magnitude of thoracic curvature. The value of the OPAQ for this group of subjects is questionable. Sample size calculations based on the results of this pilot study are provided. Conclusions After an 8-week exercise program, benefits to the fitness of the participants were observed. The results suggest that exercise may have a role in the management of this group of patients. The outcome measures, with the possible exception of the OPAQ, and the protocol used in this pilot study would be feasible for a definitive study. Further research is recommended in a sufficiently powered study and should include an appropriate control group.

The incidence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) is high in workers doing highly repetitive movements. This study compared WRMDs symptoms for female and male workers doing the same repetitive industrial tasks. The 103 workers (84 female and 19 male) worked in two product sorting sections. In these two sections, exclusively female until 2 yr before this study, 19 men were hired in an attempt to control WRMDs. The analysis indicates that symptoms were primarily influenced by the work done. Symptoms were secondarily influenced by gender, job tenure and age. When compared within the same age group or in the same job tenure, there was no significant difference in symptoms between male and female workers. Sick leave, reflecting more severe clinical symptoms, was influenced mainly by job tenure. Thus, when confronting poor working conditions, replacements of female workers by male workers is a worthless strategy to control WRMDs. Relevance to industry The identification and characterization of risk factors for WRMDs is a pre-requisite for the proposal and implementation of control measures.

Obesity affects approximately 20% of the world population, and exercise is the primary non-pharmacological therapy. The combined use of exercise and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) may potentiate the effects promoted by exercise. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise in combination with phototherapy on adipocyte area, activity of the enzyme citrate synthase and muscle morphological analysis. We used 64 Wistar rats, which were divided into eight groups with 8 rats each: sedentary chow-diet (SC); sedentary chow-diet plus laser therapy (SCL), exercised chow-diet (EC); exercised chow-diet plus laser therapy (ECL); sedentary high-fat diet (SH); sedentary high-fat diet plus laser therapy (SHL); exercised high-fat diet (EH); exercised high-fat diet, laser therapy (EHL). The animals were submitted to a program of swimming training for 90 min/5 times per week for 8 weeks and LLLT (GA-Al-AS, 830 nm) at a dose of 4.7 J/point and a total energy of 9.4 J/animal, with duration of 47 s, which was applied to both gastrocnemius muscles after exercise. We conclude that the combined use of exercise and phototherapy increases the activity of the enzyme citrate synthase and decreases the white adipocyte area epididymal, retroperitoneal and visceral in obese rats, enhancing the effects of exercise.

OBJETIVO:analisar os efeitos do envelhecimento no grau de cifose torácica e no pico de torque dos músculos flexores e extensores de tronco entre mulheres sem diagnóstico densitométrico de osteoporose.MÉTODOS:foram selecionadas 30 mulheres para compor os três grupos: jovens (n = 10; 24,60 ± 2,27 anos); adultas (n = 10; 43,50 ± 2,88); e idosas (n = 10; 62,40 ± 2,67). Densidade mineral óssea (DMO), grau de cifose torácica e pico de torque de flexores e extensores de tronco foram avaliados. Diferenças entre os grupos foram avaliadas pelos testes Anova de Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney U. Correlações entre as variáveis foram avaliadas pelo coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Foi considerado um nível de significância de 5% (p < 0,05).RESULTADOS:o Grupo Idosas apresentou um maior grau de cifose torácica (p = 0,009) e menor pico de torque extensor e flexor de tronco do que o Grupo Jovens. O Grupo Adultas apresentou menor pico de torque flexor de tronco do que o Grupo Jovens. Foram observadas correlação negativa entre idade e pico de torque flexor e extensor de tronco (p < 0,001) e correlação positiva entre idade e grau de cifose torácica (r = 0,58; p < 0,001). O Grupo Idosas apresentou valores mais altos para a relação excêntrico/concêntrico de pico de torque flexor (p = 0,03) e extensor (p = 0,02).CONCLUSÃO:o envelhecimento fisiológico pode estar associado a um maior grau de cifose torácica e a menor força muscular de flexores e extensores de tronco. Ainda, as idosas mostram uma relativa capacidade de preservação da força excêntrica. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of aging on the degree of thoracic kyphosis and peak torque of the trunk flexor and extensor muscles among women without a densitometric diagnosis of osteoporosis.METHODS:Thirty women were selected to make up three groups: young women (n = 10; 24.60 ± 2.27 years of age); adults (n = 10; 43.50 ± 2.88); and elderly women (n = 10; 62.40 ± 2.67). Bone mineral density (BMD), degree of thoracic kyphosis and peak torque of the trunk flexors and extensors were evaluated. Differences between the groups were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U tests. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess correlations between the variables. The significance level was taken to be 5% (p < 0.05).RESULTS:The elderly group presented a greater degree of thoracic kyphosis (p = 0.009) and lower peak torque of the trunk flexors and extensors than the young group. The adult group presented lower peak torque of the trunk than the young group. A negative correlation was observed between age and peak torque of the trunk flexors and extensors (p < 0.001), and a positive correlation between age and the degree of thoracic kyphosis (r = 0.58; p < 0.001). The elderly group presented higher values for the eccentric/concentric ratio of the peak torque for flexors (p = 0.03) and extensors (p = 0.02).CONCLUSION:This study suggests that physiological aging may be associated with a greater degree of thoracic kyphosis and lower muscle strength of the trunk flexors and extensors. Moreover, the elderly women showed a relative capacity for preservation of eccentric strength. Universidade Federal de São Carlos Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil SciELO

The purpose of this study was to identify and describe upper limb symptoms in manicurists, who also performed domestic chores, and compare them with symptoms identified in house wives. Seventy female manicurists (mean age 34 years) and seventy house wives (mean age 37 years from a similar social class as the manicurists) were interviewed by the authors. A questionnaire designed for this study provided structure to the interview. The results showed a significant difference between these groups. The manicurists were twice more prone to experience musculoskeletal symptoms than the house wives (Relative Risk=2). Some types of symptoms, such as trembling, heaviness sensation and temperature alterations, were experienced only by the manicurists. Concerning pain symptoms, the manicurists were almost three times more prone to be affected (Relative Risk=3.0). Although no statistical differences were found, the production rates for the non-symptomatic manicurists were 18% higher than for the symptomatic ones. Therefore, the results suggest the necessity of redesigning the nail clippers. Relevance to industry Different types of cutters are used in several industrial activities. Depending on their design, they can cause hand discomforts and injuries. Concurrent studies on a group of subjects exposed to such risks may lead to a better understanding of the problem, and also provide basic data for redesigning the tool.

OBJECTIVES: Verify if a group-based low intensity exercise training program could significantly improve physical variables related to muscle strength and postural control among community-dwelling elderly women. METHODS: This study was a non-blinded randomized-controlled trial. Thirty-seven women were allocated according a computer generated randomization list in two groups: Control (n=18; mean age 68.9(5.7)) and Exercise (n=19; mean age 67.8(4.9)). Main outcome measures were body sway during quiet stance, and knee and ankle isometric peak torque and isokinetic peak torque, power and time acceleration. Exercise group performed a group-based training program on two days per week for 12 weeks. Each training session consisted of stretching exercises, ankle and knee muscle strengthening and balance training. Control group did not undergo any training. RESULTS: Control group did not present significant differences for variables analyzed. Effect size to peak torque and power for non-dominant knee flexors at 60º/s (0.85 and 0.8, respectively), peak torque and power for non-dominant knee flexors and time acceleration for non-dominant knee extensors at 120º/s (0.8, -0.9 and 1.19, respectively) may be considered large after training. CONCLUSION: Low-intensity group-based exercise training program may be effective to improve knee isometric peak torque and knee and ankle isokinetic peak torque, power and time acceleration. Trial registration: ACTRN12610000042044. OBJETIVOS: Verificar se um programa de treinamento de baixa intensidade pode melhorar diferentes variáveis relacionadas a força muscular e controle postural em mulheres idosas da comunidade. MÉTODOS: Estudo clínico randomizado controlado, não cego, em que 37 mulheres foram alocadas de acordo com uma lista de randomização gerada em computador, em dois grupos: Controle (n=18; idade média 68,9(5,7)) e Exercício (n=19; idade média 67,8(4,9)). As principais avaliações foram controle postural na postura estática e pico de torque isométrico e pico de torque, potência e aceleração isocinética de joelhos e tornozelos. O grupo Exercício realizou um treinamento em grupo duas vezes por semana, por 12 semanas. Cada sessão de treinamento consistiu de exercícios de alongamento, fortalecimento dos músculos do joelho e tornozelo e treino de equilíbrio. O grupo Controle não realizou treinamento. RESULTADOS: O grupo Controle não apresentou diferenças significativas para as variáveis analisadas. O tamanho do efeito depois de 12 semanas de treinamento para o pico de torque e potência para os flexores de joelho do membro inferior não dominante a 60º/s (0,85 e 0,8, respectivamente), pico de torque e potência para flexores de joelho do membro inferior não dominante e tempo de aceleração para os extensores de joelho do membro inferior não dominante a 120º/s (0,8; -0,9 e 1,19, respectivamente) podem ser considerados grandes. CONCLUSÃO: O treinamento de baixa intensidade em grupo pode ser efetivo para melhorar o pico de torque isométrico, pico de torque, potência e tempo de aceleração isocinético. Registro clínico: ACTRN12610000042044.

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of laser therapy and Biosilicate® on the biomechanical properties of bone callus in osteopenic rats. Methods Fifty female Wistar rats were equally divided into 5 groups (n=10/group): osteopenic rats with intact tibiae (SC); osteopenic rats with unfilled and untreated tibial bone defects (OC); osteopenic rats whose bone defects were treated with Biosilicate® (B); osteopenic rats whose bone defects were treated with 830-nm laser, at 120 J/cm2 (L120) and osteopenic rats whose bone defects were treated with Biosilicate® and 830-nm laser, at 120 J/cm2 (BL120). Ovariectomy (OVX) was used to induce osteopenia. A non-critical bone defect was created on the tibia of the osteopenic animals 8 weeks after OVX. In Biosilicate® groups, bone defects were completely filled with the biomaterial. For the laser therapy, an 830-nm laser, 120 J/cm2 was used. On day 14 postsurgery, rats were euthanized, and tibiae were removed for biomechanical analysis. Results Maximal load and energy absorption were higher in groups B and BL120, according to the indentation test. Animals submitted to low-level laser therapy (LLLT) did not show any significant biomechanical improvement, but the association between Biosilicate® and LLLT was shown to be efficient to enhance callus biomechanical properties. Conversely, no differences were found between study groups in the bending test. Conclusions Biosilicate® alone or in association with low level laser therapy improves biomechanical properties of tibial bone callus in osteopenic rats.

Obesity and associated dyslipidemia is the fastest growing health problem throughout the world. The combination of exercise and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) could be a new approach to the treatment of obesity and associated disease. In this work, the effects of LLLT associated with exercises on the lipid metabolism in regular and high-fat diet rats were verified. We used 64 rats divided in eight groups with eight rats each, designed: SC, sedentary chow diet; SCL, sedentary chow diet laser, TC, trained chow diet; TCL, trained chow diet laser; SH, sedentary high-fat diet; SHL, sedentary high-fat diet laser; TH, trained high-fat diet; and THL, trained high-fat diet laser. The exercise used was swimming during 8 weeks/90 min daily and LLLT (GA-Al-As, 830 nm) dose of 4.7 J/point and total energy 9.4 J per animal, applied to both gastrocnemius muscles after exercise. We analyzed biochemical parameters, percentage of fat, hepatic and muscular glycogen and relative mass of tissue, and weight percentage gain. The statistical test used was ANOVA, with post hoc Tukey–Kramer for multiple analysis between groups, and the significant level was p

BACKGROUND: The Brazilian Health System is organized on a regional and hierarchical form with three levels of complexity of health care. The Primary Care represents the first element of a continuing health care process, complemented by specialized actions. However, the centrality of the specialized care is still a problem in Brazil, especially in the private sector. Studies on the distribution of professionals in the health system allowing the formulation of appropriate policies are needed. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the distribution of physical therapists in the levels of complexity of health care and between public and private establishments, according to data from the National Register of Health Service Providers (NRHSP). METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed considering NRHSP-national bank data collected in March 2010 and demographic census 2010 data. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics techniques. RESULTS: We identified 53,181 registries of physical therapists, 60% linked to the private sector. Only 13% of all entries were linked to primary care. The predominance in specialized care occurred in the public sector (65%) and private sector (100%). The specialized establishments of private sector linked to the southeast region (16,043) were the main sites of physical therapists. Only the public sector in the south had a majority in the Primary Care. When considering the sizes of the cities, there is focus on specialist care in bigger cities. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified the concentration of physical therapists in the specialized care, mostly in metropolis and big cities and in the private sector, with restricted to participation in the primary care. CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: O Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) é organizado de forma regionalizada e hierarquizada, apresentando três níveis de complexidade de atenção à saúde. A atenção primária à saúde (APS) representa o primeiro elemento de um continuado processo de assistência à saúde, sendo complementada pelas ações especializadas. No entanto, a centralidade na atenção especializada ainda é uma realidade no país, principalmente no setor privado. Estudos sobre a distribuição das profissões no sistema de saúde permitem a formulação de políticas adequadas que fortaleçam a APS. OBJETIVOS: Investigar a distribuição dos fisioterapeutas nos níveis de complexidade de atenção à saúde e entre os estabelecimentos públicos e privados de acordo com dados do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES). MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo transversal descritivo. Os dados foram coletados no banco nacional do CNES, em março de 2010, sendo analisados por técnicas estatísticas descritivas. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 53.181 cadastros de fisioterapeutas, com 60% vinculados ao setor privado. Apenas 13% de todos os cadastros estiveram vinculados à APS. A predominância na atenção especializada ocorreu no setor público (65%) e privado (aproximadamente 100%), sendo o maior número de profissionais vinculados a estabelecimentos privados especializados da região Sudeste (16.043). Apenas o setor público da região Sul apresentou maioria na APS. Quando considerados os portes dos municípios, verifica-se concentração na atenção especializada em municípios de maior porte. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo identificou concentração de fisioterapeutas na atenção especializada, majoritariamente em municípios de maior porte populacional e no setor privado, sendo ainda restrita a participação na APS.

Avaliar a mobilidade e o risco de quedas, da população idosa da área de abrangência da Estratégia Saúde da Família (EsSF) de São Carlos, e identificar alguns fatores associados ao risco de quedas. Estudo transversal que apresenta dados de 739 idosos (idade média 69,90 ± 7,20) cadastrados no banco de dados do Grupo de Pesquisa Saúde e Envelhecimento. Dados relacionados a sexo, idade, ocorrência de quedas no ano anterior; mobilidade, por meio do teste Timed Up & Go (TUG) e alterações cognitivas pelo Mini-Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) foram analisados. Foram utilizados os testes Qui-quadrado e não paramétricos ANOVA de Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney U. Foi adotado um nível de significância de 5%. O grupo de caidores apresentou um desempenho pior no TUG em comparação ao grupo de não-caidores (p < 0,001). Foi encontrada uma maior prevalência de mulheres entre os caidores (p < 0,001). Não houve associação significativa entre idosos caidores e status cognitivo, avaliado pelo MEEM (p = 0,11). O desempenho no TUG apresentou diferença significativa entre as diferentes faixas etárias (p < 0,001). A população idosa da área de abrangência da EsSF São Carlos apresentou menor mobilidade e maior risco de quedas em comparação a uma população idosa sem doenças em estágios limitantes e independente para as atividades de vida diária. The scope of this study was to assess the mobility and risk of falls among elderly people living within the Family Health Strategy area in São Carlos and identify some factors that have been associated with risks of falls. This is a cross-sectional study that presents data from 739 elderly people (mean age of 69.9 ± 7.2 years old) registered in the Health and Aging Research Group. Data related to sex, age, falls in the last year, mobility using the Timed "Up & Go" (TUG) test and cognitive impairment by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), were analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed using Chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U non-parametric tests. The level of significance used for all comparisons was 5% (p < 0.05). Fallers present worse performance to TUG than non-fallers (p < 0.001). A higher prevalence of fallers was found among women (p < 0.001). No significant association was found between elderly fallers and cognitive impairment by MMSE (p = 0.11). Performance in TUG revealed a significant difference between the different age groups (p < 0.001). Elderly people from São Carlos had lower mobility and higher risk of falls in comparison with healthy people without chronic disorders and independent for daily living activities.

We investigate the effects of a novel bioactive material (Biosilicate(®)) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT), at 60 J/cm(2), on bone-fracture consolidation in osteoporotic rats. Forty female Wistar rats are submitted to the ovariectomy, to induce osteopenia. Eight weeks after the ovariectomy, the animals are randomly divided into four groups, with 10 animals each: bone defect control group; bone defect filled with Biosilicate group; bone defect irradiated with laser at 60 J/cm(2) group; bone defect filled with Biosilicate and irradiated with LLLT, at 60 J/cm(2) group. Laser irradiation is initiated immediately after surgery and performed every 48 h for 14 days. Histopathological analysis points out that bone defects are predominantly filled with the biomaterial in specimens treated with Biosilicate. In the 60-J/cm(2) laser plus Biosilicate group, the biomaterial fills all bone defects, which also contained woven bone and granulation tissue. Also, the biomechanical properties are increased in the animals treated with Biosilicate associated to lasertherapy. Our results indicate that laser therapy improves bone repair process in contact with Biosilicate as a result of increasing bone formation as well as indentation biomechanical properties.

This study aimed to investigate bone responses to a novel bioactive fully crystallized glass-ceramic of the quaternary system P(2)O(5)-Na(2)O-CaO-SiO(2) (Biosilicate®). Although a previous study demonstrated positive effects of Biosilicate® on in vitro bone-like matrix formation, its in vivo effect was not studied yet. Male Wistar rats (n = 40) with tibial defects were used. Four experimental groups were designed to compare this novel biomaterial with a gold standard bioactive material (Bioglass® 45S5), unfilled defects and intact controls. A three-point bending test was performed 20 days after the surgical procedure, as well as the histomorphometric analysis in two regions of interest: cortical bone and medullary canal where the particulate biomaterial was implanted. The biomechanical test revealed a significant increase in the maximum load at failure and stiffness in the Biosilicate® group (vs. control defects), whose values were similar to uninjured bones. There were no differences in the cortical bone parameters in groups with bone defects, but a great deal of woven bone was present surrounding Biosilicate® and Bioglass® 45S5 particulate. Although both bioactive materials supported significant higher bone formation; Biosilicate® was superior to Bioglass® 45S5 in some histomorphometric parameters (bone volume and number of osteoblasts). Regarding bone resorption, Biosilicate® group showed significant higher number of osteoclasts per unit of tissue area than defect and intact controls, despite of the non-significant difference in the osteoclastic surface as percentage of bone surface. This study reveals that the fully crystallized Biosilicate® has good bone-forming and bone-bonding properties.

For elderly people in Brazil, access to public healthcare services begins in family healthcare agencies. As such, an evaluation of family composition could enable better planning of care for the elderly. The genogram permits such an evaluation, involving the construction of a family tree diagram along with information about each person’s medical history and the quality of family relationships. The objective of this study was to evaluate the family composition of elderly people registered in family-healthcare agencies (USFs) in a city in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Based on the principles of quantitative research methods, individual in-home interviews were conducted, preparing genograms for 49 respondents (August, 2006 - May, 2007). All ethical guidelines were respected. The majority of the elderly lived in multigenerational contexts; the greater part lived with their spouse and one adult-child. Average household size was four people. The elderly had 5.85 children, on average. High blood pressure was their most common healthcare complaint. The majority reported average-quality relationships with other family members. As such, the genogram was an effective instrument for evaluating family structure among elderly people registered in USFs, and could be used as a mechanism to improve the planning of services for this population. Key words : Aged; Family characteristics; Family nursing; Family health program.

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de diabetes melito (DM) e tolerância à glicose diminuída (TGD) na população urbana de 30 a 79 anos da cidade de São Carlos, São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo de base populacional entre agosto de 2007 e junho de 2008. Todos os indivíduos, exceto mulheres grávidas, não diabéticos e aqueles com glicemia capilar em jejum < 199 mg/dl foram submetidos a teste oral de tolerância à glicose e classificados em diabéticos, com TGD ou com tolerância normal à glicose. RESULTADOS: Participaram da pesquisa 1.116 voluntários. As prevalências gerais de DM e TGD foram 13,5% e 5%, respectivamente. Houve associação entre DM e TGD e as variáveis "idade", "escolaridade", "índice de massa corpórea" e "circunferência abdominal". Não houve associação entre DM ou TGD e as variáveis "gênero", "cor da pele" e "rendimento mensal". CONCLUSÕES: Houve aumento na prevalência de DM em comparação a estudos anteriores no Brasil e na região. Embora tenha havido avanços no diagnóstico, o tratamento do DM requer otimização. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in the urban population aged 30-79 years of the city of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: It was performed a population survey, from August 2007 to June 2008. Non diabetic individuals, excluding pregnant women, and those with fasting capillary glycemia < 199 mg/dl were administered oral glucose tolerance test and classified as diabetic, with IGT or with normal glucose tolerance. RESULTS: The number of individuals who participated in the study was 1,116. The overall rates of DM and IGT were 13.5% and 5%, respectively. DM and IGT were associated with age, education, body mass index and waist. They were not associated with gender, race or income. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of DM has increased when compared with previous studies in Brazil and in the state. Improvement in the diagnosis has occurred, however, treatment requires optimization.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Bioglass 45S5 and Biosilicate, on bone defects inflicted on the tibia of rats. Fifty male Wistar rats were used in this study, and divided into five groups, including a control group, to test Biosilicate and Bioglass materials of two different particle sizes (180-212 microm or 300-355 microm). All animals were sacrificed 15 days after surgery. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found when values for Maximal load, Energy Absorption and Structural Stiffness were compared among the groups. Histopathological evaluation revealed osteogenic activity in the bone defect for the control group. Nevertheless, it seems that the amount of fully formed bone was higher in specimens treated with Biosilicate (granulometry 300-355 microm) when compared to the control group. The same picture occurred regarding Biosilicate with granulometry 180-212 microm. Morphometric findings for bone area results (%) showed no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) among the groups. Taken together, such findings suggest that, Biosilicate exerts more osteogenic activity when compared to Bioglass under subjective histopathological analysis.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:22:41Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:35:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-51449118673.pdf: 148092 bytes, checksum: d7050606945acb080eb73d11f60ae173 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:22:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-12-01 Objective: to investigate the quality of life among physically active post-menopausal women with and without a diagnosis of osteoporosis. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out through interview. All the participating women volunteered to take part of this study through previous contact by telephone. The characteristics and objectives of the interview were explained in addition to confirmation of their post-menopausal status. There were two groups of 21 volunteers each: group 1 were non-osteoporotic women (64.38 ± 4.24 years-old) and group 2 were osteoporotic women (67.81 ± 4.19 years-old). Each volunteer was asked to fulfill a preliminary form in order to register personal information, clinical history, co-morbidities and health care. Following, the SF-36 questionnaire was applied. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to assess differences between the two groups. Results: there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between both groups only with regard to the Role Physical and General Health components of the SF-36 form showing a better performance to group 1. Condusion: post-menopausal women with a diagnosis of osteoporosis that did not sustain a fracture may present a similar quality of life, as compared to non-osteoporotic post-menopausal women. Departamento de Fisioterapia Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos Departamento de Saúde Publica Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus Marília, São Paulo Departamento de Estatística Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia Universidade de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos , Rua Augusto Genta 961, 17519-340 Marília SP Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus Marília, São Paulo

Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-14T10:26:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T11:30:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1413-35552006000400013.pdf: 56137 bytes, checksum: b58e708a6f77d66d801bb1c379b9e21c (MD5) OBJETIVOS: A tendência de aumento na expectativa de vida certamente representará incrementos na morbidade e na mortalidade em eventos relacionados a osteoporose. Devido à falta de protocolos bem definidos na intensidade e freqüência de exercícios físicos, que sejam fáceis de se realizarem, para mulheres brasileiras, este estudo propôs analisar os efeitos de um programa de treinamento na força muscular do tornozelo, no equilíbrio funcional e na velocidade da marcha de mulheres com diagnóstico densitométrico de osteoporose. MÉTODOS: Doze mulheres voluntárias (idade 68,7 ± 2,7) foram submetidas à avaliação física e, posteriormente, reavaliadas após doze semanas. O programa de atividade física foi orientado por um fisioterapeuta, que trabalhou 60 minutos, 3 vezes por semana, por doze semanas. Cada sessão de treinamento incluiu alguns exercícios de alongamento, fortalecimento muscular dos músculos flexores plantares e dorsiflexores do tornozelo, com 50% de 10-repetições máximas (10-RM) e treino de equilíbrio. RESULTADOS: As variáveis relacionadas ao índice de equilíbrio, à velocidade da marcha e à força muscular apresentaram melhora significativa (p < 0,05), analisadas por meio do teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon. CONCLUSÃO: Após as doze semanas de treinamento, foram observados benefícios no condicionamento das voluntárias. Os resultados demonstram que o treinamento proposto, teve influência na melhora desse grupo de pacientes, sugerindo que o programa foi efetivo, fácil e seguro para mulheres brasileiras portadoras de osteoporose. Portanto, programas de atividade física são eficientes para melhorar o equilíbrio funcional, a velocidade da marcha e a força muscular do tornozelo de mulheres idosas portadoras de osteoporose. OBJECTIVES: The trend towards increased life expectancy will certainly lead to increases in morbidity and mortality relating to osteoporosis. Because of the lack of well defined protocols on the intensity and frequency of easily performed physical exercises for Brazilian women, this study proposed to analyze the effects of a training program for ankle muscle strength, balance performance and gait velocity among women with a densitometric diagnosis of osteoporosis. METHODS: Twelve female volunteers (age 68.7 ± 2.7 years) underwent physical evaluation and subsequent reevaluation after twelve weeks. The physical activity program was guided by a physical therapist, who conducted 60-minute sessions, three times a week for twelve weeks. Each training session included some stretching exercises, strengthening exercises for the ankle dorsiflexor and plantar-flexor muscles, with 50% of 10-repetition maximum (10-RM), and balance training. RESULTS: The variables analyzed regarding balance index, gait velocity and muscle strength presented significant improvement (p < 0.05), as shown by the Wilcoxon non-parametric test. CONCLUSION: After the 12-week exercise program, the participants presented benefits in terms of their fitness. The results demonstrate that the training had a role in improving the condition of this group of patients, thus suggesting that this program was effective, easy to implement and safe for Brazilian women with osteoporosis. Therefore, it can be seen that physical activity programs are efficient in improving balance performance, gait velocity and ankle muscle strength among elderly women with osteoporosis. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate musculoskeletal disorders among active industrial workers. METHODS: The study was carried out in São Carlos, Southeastern Brazil, in 2005. One hundred and thirty-four female workers were physically evaluated and answered questions about their physical symptoms, filled out a pain scale and gave responses in the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire, and the Work Ability Index questionnaire. The data were analyzed descriptively, and in correlation tests and through applying logistic regression. The outcome was evaluated in relation to the perceptions of pain, symptoms, physical assessment, ability to work and disability. RESULTS: Clinical evaluations and sick leave presented positive correlations with the subjective variables. The Work Ability Index presented a negative correlation with the physical disability index (r=-0.69). Symptoms reported at the time of the assessment presented a good correlation with the results from the pain scale and the clinical findings. Previous sick leave showed an association with disability (OR=1.13; 95% CI:1.08;1.18). CONCLUSION: Symptom reports and pain scales may be useful for assessing current conditions at the time of evaluating individuals with work-related musculoskeletal disorders, as they are easier to apply. In more severe cases of such injuries, clinical and functional evaluations and questionnaires such as those relating to ability to work and disability are preferable. Precise and specific evaluations of these disorders may contribute towards fairer legal and administrative decisions. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os distúrbios osteomusculares entre trabalhadores ativos da indústria. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi realizado em São Carlos, SP, em 2005. Cento e trinta e quatro trabalhadoras foram fisicamente avaliadas e responderam a questões sobre sintomas físicos, escala de dor e aos questionários: de Incapacidade Oswestry e o Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente, em testes de correlação e regressões foram aplicados. O desfecho foi avaliado em relação à percepção de dor, sintomas, avaliação física, capacidade para o trabalho e incapacidade. RESULTADOS: Avaliações clínicas e afastamentos apresentaram correlações positivas com os aspectos subjetivos avaliados. O índice de capacidade para o trabalho apresentou correlação negativa com o índice de incapacidade física (r=-0,69). Sintomas no momento da avaliação apresentaram boa correlação com resultados da escala de dor e achados clínicos. Afastamentos prévios mostraram associação com incapacidade (OR=1,13; IC 95%:1,08;1,18). CONCLUSÕES: Relato de sintomas e escala de dor podem ser úteis para avaliar condições presentes no momento da avaliação em indivíduos com distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho, pois são mais simples de aplicar. Em casos mais severos de lesões, avaliações clínicas e funcionais e questionários, tais como capacidade para o trabalho e incapacidade são preferíveis. Avaliações precisas e específicas desses distúrbios podem contribuir para decisões administrativas e legais mais justas.

The purpose of this study was to compare the maximum and job simulated hand grip strength in both healthy workers and those suffering from mild and severe stages of musculoskeletal disorders. Three groups of 10 female industrial workers each were recruited after a detailed screening for musculoskeletal disorders: one group of 10 healthy workers (GI) and two other groups (GII and GIII) consisting of workers suffering from mild and severe upper limbs disorders, respectively. A special device was built to reproduce a similar prehension pattern (open palmar) to that used on the job. This was calibrated against a Jamar dynamometer. Job simulated and maximum prehension strength were tested in three consecutive trials. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated for the calibration procedure. Descriptive analysis of the musculoskeletal data was computed. ANOVA and Duncan post hoc multiple comparisons were conducted to test the main effects on muscular strength and interactions. Significant differences between types of strength (p

The effect of stimulation (oral–gustatory with sucrose, tactile–bucal, and tactile–manual) on the frequency of hand contact with the oral (hand–mouth and hand sucking) and perioral (hands near the mouth) regions was compared in 24 full-term newborns. The 16-minute evaluation was divided into four equal periods, without intervals: (A) Baseline, no stimulation applied; (B) tactile–bucal, the newborn was allowed to suck the distal phalange of the researcher's little finger; (C) tactile–manual, the newborn was allowed to grasp the researcher's index finger; (D) 0.3 ml sucrose solution was administered orally to the newborns. After every three newborns were tested, the sequence of stimulation application was changed. The frequencies of the hand behaviors were calculated. It was observed that the sucrose significantly increased the frequency of hand sucking (p

Background: Obesity leads to a chronic inflammatory state, endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. Objective: To establish the time-course of events regarding inflammatory markers, endothelial dysfunction, systolic blood pressure (SBP) in obesity in only one experimental model. Methods: We fed male Wistar rats (eight-week age) with a standard diet (Control - CT, n = 35), or palatable high-fat diet (HFD, n = 35) for 24 weeks. Every six weeks, 7 animals from each group were randomly selected for euthanasia. SBP and serum levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, adiponectin and nitric oxide were determined. Endothelial and vascular smooth muscle functions were determined in dissected aorta and lipid peroxidation was measured. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines began to increase after six weeks of a high-fat diet, while those of the anti-inflammatory cytokine adiponectin decreased. Interestingly, the endothelial function and serum nitric oxide began to decrease after six weeks in HFD group. The SBP and lipid peroxidation began to increase at 12 weeks in HFD group. In addition, we showed that total visceral fat mass was negatively correlated with endothelial function and positively correlated with SBP. Conclusion: Our results show the time-course of deleterious effects and their correlation with obesity.