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In this paper, we show results of further brightness improvement and power-scaling enabled by both the rise in chip brightness/power and the increase in number of chips coupled into a given numerical aperture. We report a new chip technology using new extra Reduced-mode (x-REM) diode design providing a record ~363 W output from a 2×12 nLIGHT element® in 105 μm diameter fiber. There is also an increasing demand for low size, weight and power-consumption (SWaP) fiber-coupled diodes for compact High Energy Laser (HEL) systems for defense and industrial applications. Using thirty single emitters that were geometricallyand polarization-combined, we have demonstrated 600 watts and 62% efficiency at in 225 μm/0.22 NA fiber resulting in specific mass and volume of 0.44 kg/kW and of 0.5 cm3/W respectively. Furthermore, we have increased the number of chips to forty and increased the output power to 1kW and 52% in the same fiber diameter and numerical aperture. This results in a fiber-coupled package with specific mass and volume of

Background Dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban are approved novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) as alternatives to Vitamin K antagonists (VKA). Physicians are prescribing an ever-increasing amount these drugs to their patients due to various advantages over existing medications. Aims The objective of this review is to provide the dental professional with current literature surrounding the emergence of NOACs, as well as various case studies on the subject, in an effort to guide clinical decision making regarding these medications. The pharmacological profiles of these NOACs and idarucizumab, a reversal agent for dabigatran, will be detailed in this review. Materials and methods A review of the literature on NOACs was undertaken and the Pubmed, Medline, and Embase databases were used to identify articles published in the English language. Additionally, major dental medicine journals were hand searched, followed by a review of the ClinicalTrials.gov database. Results Due to minimal research regarding dental treatment of patients on NOACs and minimal clinical experience of practitioners treating these patients, there is currently insufficient data to establish an evidence-based NOAC management protocol in a dental setting. Discussion In this review, the most significant advantages of NOACs over VKAs was found to be limited interactions with other drugs as well as rapid onset and offset of action. Conclusion Despite these benefits, as well as various others, NOACs still lack specific management parameters as well as antidotes or reversal agents. Therefore, dental professionals must use caution when treating patients currently taking these specific anticoagulants.

Bone fragility and skeletal irregularities are the characteristic features of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Many patients with OI have weakened maxillary and mandibular bone, leading to poor oral hygiene and subsequent loss of teeth. Improvements in implant therapy have allowed for OI patients to achieve dental restoration. However, there is limited available literature on implant therapy for patients with OI. The greatest challenge in the restoration process for OI patients in an outpatient setting is ensuring primary stability and osseointegration. Improvements in synthetic grafts improve successful implant placement and prevent predisposing patients to unnecessary procedures. This report details the successful restoration process of an OI type I patient’s maxillary arch in addition to a review of the currently available literature.

Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IV (HSAN IV), or congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis, is an exceptionally rare genetic disorder that results in the complete loss of pain and temperature sensation as well as anhidrosis. Anesthetic management of these patients can be difficult because of significantly increased risks during general anesthesia. Literature on perioperative anesthetic management is typically written in the context of a hospital setting. As such, our case presents a unique report on the anesthetic management of a HSAN IV patient who presented for extraction of 2 teeth in an office-based setting. In determining how to safely manage the procedure, we decided against general anesthesia as we lacked the facilities and equipment to safely handle previously reported complications. We were successful in providing sedation with nitrous oxide in oxygen and applying 20% benzocaine topical ointment on the surgical site in lieu of administering general anesthesia. We had an anesthesiologist present and obtained intravenous access prior to the surgery to help manage any complications. This report provides support that simple dental extractions can be accomplished safely in the HSAN IV patient in the office-based setting, thereby avoiding unnecessary risk.

Novel Oral Anticoagulants: Comparative Pharmacology and Dental Implications Novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs), direct thrombin inhibitor (dabigatran) and factor Xa inhibitors (rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban) are available in market as an alternative to warfarin. They are widely being prescribed by medical practitioners as these drugs overcome some of the major drawbacks with the existing medications. Absence of any specific management guidelines and lack of antidote are major concern for dental treatment of patients on NOACs. This review details the pharmacological profile of vitamin K anticoagulants and emerging NOACs. In order to assist dental professionals in decision making, case studies showing management of patients on NOACs undergoing dental treatment are also summarized. Since available data are not sufficient to establish an evidence-based dental management, the dentist must use caution and attention when treating patients taking dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban.

We have successfully demonstrated an integrated optical system for collecting the fluorescence from a trapped ion. The system, consisting of an array of transmissive, dielectric micro-optics and an optical fiber array, has been intimately incorporated into the ion-trapping chip without negatively impacting trapping performance. Epoxies, vacuum feedthrough, and optical component materials were carefully chosen so that they did not degrade the vacuum environment, and we have demonstrated light detection as well as ion trapping and shuttling behavior comparable to trapping chips without integrated optics, with no modification to the control voltages of the trapping chip., Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures

Terahertz detection using excitations of plasmon modes offers a high-speed, high resolution, and frequency-selective alternative to existing technology. Plasmons in high mobility quantum well two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) systems can couple to radiation when either the channel carrier density, or the incident radiation, is spatially modulated with appropriate periodicity. Grating-gated terahertz detectors having a voltage tunable frequency response have been developed based on this principle. A continuous wave THz photomixer was used to characterize the resonant absorption in such devices. At the fundamental 2DEG plasmon frequency, defined by the grating and the quantum well carrier density, a 20% change in transmission was observed. As the resonance is tuned from the 'natural' plasmon frequency through application of a gate bias, it shifts as expected, but the transmission change drops to only a few percent.

In this paper, we realize a scalable micromirror suitable for atom chip based cavity quantum electrodynamics applications. A very low surface roughness of 2.2 A rms on the silicon cavity mirrors is achieved using chemical dry etching along with plasma and oxidation smoothing. Our Fabry–Perot cavity comprised of these mirrors currently demonstrates the highest finesse, F=64 000, using microfabricated mirrors. We compute a single atom cooperativity for our cavities of more than 200, making them promising candidates for detecting individual atoms and for quantum information applications on a chip.