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1. Systematic techniques for assisting recruitment to trials (START): study protocol for embedded, randomized controlled trials

Author: Paul K. Wallace, Chris Salisbury, Peter Knapp, David Collier, Jo Rick, Anne Kennedy, Adwoa Hughes-Morley, Nicola Small, Sandra Eldridge, Jonathan Graffy, David J. Torgerson, Shaun Treweek, Vichithranie Madurasinghe, and Peter Bower
Subjects: Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Research Subjects, Psychological intervention, Medicine (miscellaneous), Context (language use), Intervention, Community, Decision support systems, Risk Assessment, law.invention, Decision Support Techniques, Participant information, Access to Information, Study Protocol, Randomized controlled trial, Patient Education as Topic, law, Trial participation, Health care, Medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Program Development, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Protocol (science), Medical education, business.industry, Communication, Patient Selection, Medical research, Primary care, Research Personnel, 3. Good health, Test (assessment), Systematic review, Multimedia, Sample Size, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Recruitment, business, Protocols
Abstract: Background:Randomized controlled trials play a central role in evidence-based practice, but recruitment of participants, and retention of them once in the trial, is challenging. Moreover, there is a dearth of evidence that research teams can use to inform the development of their recruitment and retention strategies. As with other healthcare initiatives, the fairest test of the effectiveness of a recruitment strategy is a trial comparing alternatives, which for recruitment would mean embedding a recruitment trial within an ongoing host trial. Systematic reviews indicate that such studies are rare. Embedded trials are largely delivered in anad hocway, with interventions almost always developed in isolation and tested in the context of a single host trial, limiting their ability to contribute to a body of evidence with regard to a single recruitment intervention and to researchers working in different contexts. Methods/Design:The Systematic Techniques for Assisting Recruitment to Trials (START) program is funded by the United Kingdom Medical Research Council (MRC) Methodology Research Programme to support the routine adoption of embedded trials to test standardized recruitment interventions across ongoing host trials. To achieve this aim, the program involves three interrelated work packages: (1) methodology - to develop guidelines for the design, analysis and reporting of embedded recruitment studies; (2) interventions - to develop effective and useful recruitment interventions; and (3) implementation - to recruit host trials and test interventions through embedded studies. Discussion:Successful completion of the START program will provide a model for a platform for the wider trials community to use to evaluate recruitment interventions or, potentially, other types of intervention linked to trial conduct. It will also increase the evidence base for two types of recruitment intervention. Trial registration:The START protocol covers the methodology for embedded trials. Each embedded trial is registered separately or as a substudy of the host trial.
Published: 2023

2. Strategies to optimize management of incidental radiographic findings in the primary care setting: A mixed methods study

Author: Frederick Thurston Drake, Philip E. Knapp, Avneesh Gupta, David McAneny, Anna L. Goldman, Stephanie D. Talutis, Cleopatra Ferrao, Timothy Feeney, and Ellen Childs
Subjects: Incidental Findings, medicine.medical_specialty, Scope of practice, Primary Health Care, business.industry, Incidentaloma, Radiography, General Medicine, Primary care, Focus group, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Adrenal masses, Electronic health record, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Family medicine, Humans, Medicine, Surgery, 030212 general & internal medicine, Adrenal incidentaloma, business, Lung, Referral and Consultation, Specialization
Abstract: Background Incidental adrenal masses (IAMs) are common. Primary care providers (PCPs) are frequently responsible for incidentaloma evaluations. We evaluated whether PCPs view this paradigm effective, barriers faced, and strategies to optimize care delivery. Methods This is a sequential explanatory study, comprised of surveys followed by focus groups of PCPs. Because lung nodules are another type of common incidental finding, we compared PCP views on management of lung nodules to their views on IAMs. Results For IAMs, 22.3% of PCPs “always refer” to specialists, but for lung nodules this was 11.5% (p = 0.026). For lung nodules, the most significant barrier was insufficient time/support to longitudinally follow results (69%), but for IAMs it was uncertainty about which tests to order (68%). Fear of litigation was equal (lung = 22.5%, IAMs = 21.3%). Consistent themes regarding the “ideal” system included specific recommendations in radiology reports; automation of orders for follow-up tests; longitudinal tracking tools; streamlined consultations; and decision guides embedded within the electronic health record. Conclusions Respondents are more comfortable with lung nodules than IAMs. Management of “incidentalomas” is within their scope of practice, but the current system can be optimized.
Published: 2022
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3. Prevention of Mother-to-Child Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission in Resource-Limited Countries

Author: Katherine M. Knapp
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Mother to child transmission, Pediatric AIDS, Adolescent, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Mothers, HIV Infections, Human immunodeficiency virus transmission, World Health Organization, medicine.disease_cause, Young Adult, Pregnancy, Environmental health, Pandemic, medicine, Humans, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Africa South of the Sahara, business.industry, Transmission (medicine), Public health, HIV, Middle Aged, Viral Load, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Breast Feeding, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Health Resources, Female, business, Limited resources
Abstract: The first pediatric AIDS cases were reported in 1982. A decade later, the World Health Organization estimated there were more than 500,000 pediatric AIDS cases resulting from mother-to-child transmission, 90% of which were in sub-Saharan Africa. Although the rate of new infections globally has been cut in half since the peak of the pandemic, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a public health threat, and rates of new infections continue to increase in some regions. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV has now been virtually eliminated in many parts of the world but remains an issue in resource-limited countries.
Published: 2022
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4. Effects of a low-carbohydrate diet on insulin-resistant dyslipoproteinemia—a randomized controlled feeding trial

Author: David S. Ludwig, Julia M W Wong, Clement Ma, Cara B. Ebbeling, Amy Knapp, Ann Johnson, Samia Mora, and Kimberly F. Greco
Subjects: saturated fat, obesity, medicine.medical_specialty, cardiovascular disease risk factors, macronutrients, dietary trial, Saturated fat, Medicine (miscellaneous), Lipoprotein particle, AcademicSubjects/MED00160, AcademicSubjects/MED00060, low-carbohydrate diet, chemistry.chemical_compound, Insulin resistance, Weight loss, Internal medicine, medicine, Nutrition and Dietetics, Adiponectin, Cholesterol, business.industry, medicine.disease, Lipids, Obesity, Original Research Communications, Endocrinology, chemistry, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), medicine.symptom, business, Lipoprotein
Abstract: Background Carbohydrate restriction shows promise for diabetes, but concerns regarding high saturated fat content of low-carbohydrate diets limit widespread adoption. Objectives This preplanned ancillary study aimed to determine how diets varying widely in carbohydrate and saturated fat affect cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors during weight-loss maintenance. Methods After 10–14% weight loss on a run-in diet, 164 participants (70% female; BMI = 32.4 ± 4.8 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to 3 weight-loss maintenance diets for 20 wk. The prepared diets contained 20% protein and differed 3-fold in carbohydrate (Carb) and saturated fat as a proportion of energy (Low-Carb: 20% carbohydrate, 21% saturated fat; Moderate-Carb: 40%, 14%; High-Carb: 60%, 7%). Fasting plasma samples were collected prerandomization and at 20 wk. Lipoprotein insulin resistance (LPIR) score was calculated from triglyceride-rich, high-density, and low-density lipoprotein particle (TRL-P, HDL-P, LDL-P) sizes and subfraction concentrations (large/very large TRL-P, large HDL-P, small LDL-P). Other outcomes included lipoprotein(a), triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, adiponectin, and inflammatory markers. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for intention-to-treat analysis. Results Retention was 90%. Mean change in LPIR (scale 0–100) differed by diet in a dose-dependent fashion: Low-Carb (–5.3; 95% CI: –9.2, –1.5), Moderate-Carb (–0.02; 95% CI: –4.1, 4.1), High-Carb (3.6; 95% CI: –0.6, 7.7), P = 0.009. Low-Carb also favorably affected lipoprotein(a) [–14.7% (95% CI: –19.5, –9.5), –2.1 (95% CI: –8.2, 4.3), and 0.2 (95% CI: –6.0, 6.8), respectively; P = 0.0005], triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, large/very large TRL-P, large HDL-P, and adiponectin. LDL cholesterol, LDL-P, and inflammatory markers did not differ by diet. Conclusions A low-carbohydrate diet, high in saturated fat, improved insulin-resistant dyslipoproteinemia and lipoprotein(a), without adverse effect on LDL cholesterol. Carbohydrate restriction might lower CVD risk independently of body weight, a possibility that warrants study in major multicentered trials powered on hard outcomes. The registry is available through ClinicialTrials.gov: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02068885.
Published: 2022
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5. Design of a Cost-Efficient Monostatic Radar Sensor With Antenna on Chip and Lens in Package

Author: Daniel Reiter, Herbert Knapp, Nils Pohl, and Badou Sene
Subjects: Radiation, business.industry, Computer science, Electrical engineering, Topology (electrical circuits), Condensed Matter Physics, Directivity, law.invention, Lens (optics), Bistatic radar, law, Baseband, Power dividers and directional couplers, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Antenna (radio), business, Monolithic microwave integrated circuit
Abstract: This work presents a D-band monostatic radar system operating from 144.6 to 161 GHz, which is placed inside a 3-D-printed low-cost case with a built-in lens to boost the antenna (ANT) directivity. The monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) is manufactured in a 130-nm BiCMOS process and includes a compact transceiver architecture consisting of an oscillator, a diode-based mixer, and an on-chip antenna. The implemented topology allows to significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio and features a built-in self-test (BIST) structure with the possibility to provide on-chip antenna characterization using power sensors in combination with a directional coupler. Housed inside the robust printed package, the MMIC has only dc and baseband frequency connections, which offers ease of handling and poses the low-cost potential for a variety of applications. The complete transceiver chip consumes only 84.7 mA from a 3.3-V supply and its size is 1964 μm x 1448 μm. Together with the package the sensor measures a size of 42.2 mm x 42.2 mm x 45.7 mm.
Published: 2022
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6. Universal Suicide Risk Screening for Youths in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review

Author: Sarah M. Horwitz, Dana E. M. Seag, Paige E. Cervantes, Ethan Wiener, Argelinda Baroni, Ee Tein Tay, Ruth Gerson, and Katrina Knapp
Subjects: Suicide Prevention, Adolescent, business.industry, Emergency department, Suicide rates, Hospitals, Pediatric, medicine.disease, Article, humanities, Psychiatry and Mental health, Critical Pathways, Humans, Mass Screening, Medicine, Emergency psychiatry, Medical emergency, Child, Emergency Service, Hospital, business, Suicide Risk, Pediatric care
Abstract: To address escalating youth suicide rates, universal suicide risk screening has been recommended in pediatric care settings. The emergency department (ED) is a particularly important setting for screening. However, EDs often fail to identify and treat mental health symptoms among youths, and data on implementation of suicide risk screening in EDs are limited. A systematic review was conducted to describe the current literature on universal suicide risk screening in EDs, identify important gaps in available studies, and develop recommendations for strategies to improve youth screening efforts.A systematic literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science was conducted. Studies focused on universal suicide risk screening of youths served in U.S. EDs that presented screening results were coded, analyzed, and evaluated for reporting quality. Eleven studies were included.All screening efforts occurred in teaching or children's hospitals, and research staff administered suicide screens in eight studies. Thus scant information was available on universal screening in pediatric community ED settings. Large variation was noted across studies in participation rates (17%-86%) and in positive screen rates (4.1%-50.8%), although positive screen rates were influenced by type of presenting concern (psychiatric versus nonpsychiatric). Only three studies concurrently examined barriers to screening, providing little direction for effective implementation. STROBE guidelines were used to rate reporting quality, which ranged from 51.9% to 87.1%, with three studies having ratings over 80%.Research is needed to better inform practice guidelines and clinical pathways and to establish sustainable screening programs for youths presenting for care in EDs.
Published: 2022
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7. Icosapent Ethyl Reduces Ischemic Events in Patients With a History of Previous Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: REDUCE-IT CABG

Author: Subodh Verma, Deepak L. Bhatt, Ph. Gabriel Steg, Michael Miller, Eliot A. Brinton, Terry A. Jacobson, Nitish K. Dhingra, Steven B. Ketchum, Rebecca A. Juliano, Lixia Jiao, Ralph T. Doyle, Craig Granowitz, C. Michael Gibson, Duane Pinto, Robert P. Giugliano, Matthew J. Budoff, R. Preston Mason, Jean-Claude Tardif, Christie M. Ballantyne, Fabrice M.A.C. Martens, Astrid Schut, Brian Olshansky, Mina Chung, Al Hallstrom, Lesly Pearce, Cyrus Mehta, Rajat Mukherjee, Anjan K. Chakrabarti, Eli V. Gelfand, Megan Carroll Leary, Duane S. Pinto, Yuri B. Pride, Steven Ketchum, Ramakrishna Bhavanthula, Gertrude Chester, Christina Copland, Katelyn Diffin, Ralph Doyle, Kurt Erz, Alex Giaquinto, Paula Glanton, Angela Granger, Richard H. Iroudayassamy, Rebecca Juliano, James Jin, Dimitry Klevak, Hardik Panchal, Robert Wang, Shin-Ru Wang, Gerard Abate, Peggy J. Berry, Rene Braeckman, Declan Doogan, Anne Elson, Amy HauptmannBaker, Isabel Lamela, Catherine Lubeck, Mehar Manku, Sabina Murphy, Monica Sanford, William Stirtan, Paresh Soni, Arnaud Bastien, Demetria Foster, Evangelito Gascon, Judith Johnson, Lasbert Latona, Gang Liu, Sandra Palleja, Nelly Sanjuan, Jimmy Shi, William Stager, Mukund Venkatakrishnan, Ahmed Youssef-Agha, Julie Zhu, Leela Aertker, Suresh Ankolekar, Lisa Goldberg, Natasa Rajicic, Jianfen Shu, Heng Zou, Magdy Mikhail, Gamil Dawood, N. Mathew Koshy, Sandip K. Mukherjee, Rafik Abadier, Andrea L. Lawless, William P. McGuinn, Howard Weintraub, Kathryn Rohr, Edmund Claxton, Robert J. Weiss, Terry D. Klein, Mani Nallasivan, Stephen Crowley, Marilyn King, Anthony D. Alfieri, David Fitz-Patrick, Irving Loh, Nolan J. Mayer, Rakesh Prashad, Samuel Lederman, Debra Weinstein, Harold E. Bays, Keith Chu, Alireza Maghsoudi, Paul D. Thompson, Jeff Carstens, Anna Chang, Kenneth R. Cohen, Julius Dean, Howard S. Ellison, Bernard Erickson, Enrique A. Flores, Daniel W. Gottlieb, Paul Grena, John R. Guyton, Peter H. Jones, John M. Joseph, Norman E. Lepor, Sam Lerman, Robert D. Matheney, Theodore R. Pacheco, Michael B. Russo, John Rubino, Edward S. Pereira, Albert A. Seals, Eduardo Viera, Alan D. Steljes, Jason Thompson, Shaival Kapadia, Michael McIvor, Jorge E. Salazar, Jose O. Santiago, Ralph Vicari, Martin R. Berk, William A. Kaye, Marcus McKenzie, David Podlecki, Brian D. Snyder, Stephen Nash, David M. Herrington, Wallace Johnson, Joseph R. Lee, Ronald Blonder, Alpa M. Patel, Ramon Castello, Susan Greco, Dean J. Kereiakes, Venkatesh K. Nadar, Mark Nathan, Ranganatha P. Potu, Robert Sangrigoli, Richard Smalling, Mitchell Davis, Robert Braastad, James McCriskin, Kunal Bodiwala, Joe L. Hargrove, Mark W. Graves, George Emlein, Raegan W. Durant, James W. Clower, Rohit Arora, Narendra Singh, Lisa Warsinger Martin, W Herbert Haught, Marc P. Litt, Michael D. Klein, Peter Hoagland, Michael Goldstein, Marco S. Mazzella, Daniel H. Dunker, Brian H. Kahn, Carlos S. Ince, Frank A. McGrew, Jay Lee, David Pan, Salman A. Khan, Uri Elkayam, Wasim Deeb, Anne C. Goldberg, Christopher S. Brown, Wayne N. Leimbach, Thomas S. Backer, David R. Sutton, Joel Gellman, Anu R. George, Alan S. Hoffman, Mark Kates, Kishlay Anand, Robert Bear, Brendan J. Cavanaugh, Ramon G. Reyes, Rodolfo Sotolongo, Kenneth Sabatino, Kevin Gallagher, Ehab Sorial, Chris Geohas, Kathleen E. Magness, Bernard P. Grunstra, Frederik A. Martin, William S. Knapp, Mel E. Lucas, John J. Champlin, Jason Demattia, Patrick H. Peters, Judith Kirstein, William J. Randall, Cezar S. Staniloae, Jennifer G. Robinson, Alexander Adler, Christopher Case, Andrew J. Kaplan, Gregory F. Lakin, Krishan K. Goyle, Michael J. DiGiovanna, Chester L. Fisher, Michael Lillestol, Michael Robinson, Robert G. Perry, Lawrence S. Levinson, Brian G. Everhart, Robert D. Madder, Earl F. Martin, Earl E. Martin, Imtiaz Alam, Jose Mari L. Elacion, Robina Poonawala, Taddese T. Desta, Jerome A. Robinson, Gilbert J. Martinez, Jakkidi S. Reddy, Jeffrey D. Wayne, Samuel Mujica Trenche, Westbrook I. Kaplan, Rubin H. Saavedra, Michael D. DiGregorio, Barry D. Bertolet, Neil J. Fraser, Terence T. Hart, Ronald J. Graf, David A. Jasper, Michael Dunn, Dan A. Streja, David J. Strobl, Nan Jiang, Vicki Kalen, Richard Mascolo, Mercedes B. Samson, Michael Stephens, Bret M. Bellard, Mario Juarez, Patrick J. McCarthy, John B. Checton, Michael Stillabower, Edward Goldenberg, Amin H. Karim, Naseem Jaffrani, Robert C. Touchon, Erich R. Fruehling, Clayton J. Friesen, Pradipta Chaudhuri, Frank H. Morris, Robert E. Broker, Rajesh J. Patel, Susan Hole, Randall P. Miller, Francisco G. Miranda, Sadia Dar, Shawn N. Gentry, Paul Hermany, Charles B. Treasure, Miguel E. Trevino, Raimundo Acosta, Anthony Japour, Samuel J. Durr, Thomas Wang, Om P. Ganda, Perry Krichmar, James L. Arter, Douglas Jacoby, Michael A. Schwartz, Amer Al-Karadsheh, Nelson E. Gencheff, John A. Pasquini, Richard Dunbar, Sarah Kohnstamm, Hector F. Lozano, Francine K. Welty, Thomas L. Pitts, Brian Zehnder, Salah El Hafi, Mark A. King, Arnold Ghitis, Marwan M. Bahu, Hooman Ranjbaran Jahromi, Ronald P. Caputo, Robert S. Busch, Michael D. Shapiro, Suhail Zavaro, Munib Daudjee, Shahram Jacobs, Vipul B. Shah, Frank Rubalcava, Mohsin T. Alhaddad, Henry Lui, Raj T. Rajan, Fadi E. Saba, Mahendra Pai N Gunapooti, Tshiswaka B. Kayembe, Timothy Jennings, Robert A. Strzinek, Michael H. Shanik, Pradeep K. Singh, Alastair C. Kennedy, Howard Rubenstein, Ramin Manshadi, Joanne Ladner, Lily Kakish, Ashley Kakish, Amy L. Little, Jaime Gerber, Nancy J. Hinchion, Janet Guarino, Denise Raychok, Susan Budzinski, Kathleen Kelley-Garvin, April Beckord, Jessica Schlinder, Arthur Schwartzbard, Stanley Cobos, Deborah Freeman, David Abisalih, Dervilla McCann, Kylie Guy, Jennifer Chase, Stacey Samuelson, Madeline Cassidy, Marissa Tardif, Jaime Smith, Brenna Sprout, Nanette Riedeman, Julie Goza, Lori Johnson, Chad Kraske, Sheila Hastings, Chris Dutka, Stephanie Smith, Toni McCabe, Kathleen Maloney, Paul Alfieri, Vinay Hosemane, Chanhsamone Syravanh, Cindy Pau, April Limcoiloc, Tabitha Carreira, Taryn S. Kurosawa, Razmig Krumian, Krista Preston, Ashraf Nashed, Daria Schneidman-Fernandez, Jack Patterson, John Tsakonas, Jennifer Esaki, Lynn Sprafka, Porous Patel, Brian Mitchell, Erin M. Ross, Donna Miller, Akash Prashad, Kristina M. Feyler, Natasha Juarbe, Sandra Herrera, Sarah M. Keiran, Becky Whitehead, Whitney Asher, Coury Hobbs, Abbey Elie, Jean Brooks, Amanda L. Zaleski, Brenda Foxen, Barb Lapke, Philippa Wright, Bristol Pavol, Gwen Carangi, Marla Turner, Katharine W. Sanders, Rikita S. Delamar, Virginia L. Wilson, Sarah M. Harvel, Alison M. Cartledge, Kaitlyn R. Bailey, Kathleen Mahon, Timothy Schuchard, Jen Humbert, Mark C. Hanson, Michael P. Cecil, James S. Abraham, Lorie Benedict, Claudia Slayton, Curtis S. Burnett, Rachel W. Ono-Lim, Sharon Budzinski, Shubi A. Khan, Sharon Goss, Terry Techmanski, Farida Valliani, Rimla Joseph, Edith Flores, Laurn Contreras, Ana Aguillon, Carrie-Ann Silvia, Maria Martin, Edmund K. Kerut, Leslie W. Levenson, Louis B. Glade, Brian J. Cospolich, Maureen W. Stein, Stephen P. LaGuardia, Thelma L. Sonza, Tracy M. Fife, Melissa Forschler, Jasmyne Watts, Judy Fritsch, Emese Futchko, Sarah Utech, Scott B. Baker, Miguel F. Roura, Scott A. Segel, James S. Magee, Cathy Jackson, Rebecca F. Goldfaden, Liudmila Quas, Elizabeth C. Ortiz, Michael Simpson, Robert Foster, Christopher Brian, James Trimm, Michael Bailey, Brian Snoddy, Van Reeder, Rachel Wilkinson, Harold Settle, Cynthia Massey, Angela Maiola, Michele Hall, Shelly Hall, Wanda Hall, Mark Xenakis, Janet Barrett, Giovanni Campanile, David Anthou, Susan F. Neill, Steven Karas, Enrique Polanco, Norberto Schechtman, Grace Tischner, Kay Warren, Cynthia St Cyr, Menna Kuczinski, Latrina Alexander, Maricruz Ibarra, Barry S. Horowitz, Jaime Steinsapir, Jeanette Mangual-Coughlin, Brittany Mooney, Precilia Vasquez, Kathleen Rodkey, Alexandria Biberstein, Christine Ignacio, Irina Robinson, Marcia Hibberd, Lisa B. Hoffman, Daniel J. Murak, Raghupathy Varavenkataraman, Theresa M. Ohlson Elliott, Linda A. Cunningham, Heather L. Palmerton, Sheri Poole, Jeannine Moore, Helene Wallace, Ted Chandler, Robert Riley, Farah Dawood, Amir Azeem, Michael Cammarata, Ashleigh Owen, Shivani Aggarwal, Waqas Qureshi, Mohamed Almahmoud, Abdullahi Oseni, Adam Leigh, Erin Barnes, Adam Pflum, Amer Aladin, Karen Blinson, Vickie Wayne, Lynda Doomy, Michele Wall, Valerie Bitterman, Cindi Young, Rachel Grice, Lioubov Poliakova, Jorge Davalos, David Rosenbaum, Mark Boulware, Heather Mazzola, J. Russell Strader, Russell Linsky, David Schwartz, Elizabeth Graf, Alicia Gneiting, Melissa Palmblad, Ashley Donlin, Emily Ensminger, Hillary Garcia, Dawn Robinson, Carolyn Tran, Jeffrey Jacqmein, Darlene Bartilucci, Michael Koren, Barbara Maluchnik, Melissa Parks, Jennifer Miller, Cynthia DeFosse, Albert B. Knouse, Amy Delancey, Stephanie Chin, Thomas Stephens, Mag Sohal, Juana Ingram, Swarooparani Kumar, Heather Foley, Nina Smith, Vera McKinney, Linda Schwarz, Judith Moore, Hildreth Vernon Anderson, Stefano Sdringola-Maranga, Ali Denktas, Elizabeth Turrentine, Rhonda Patterson, John Marshall, Terri Tolar, Donna Patrick, Pamela Schwartzkopf, Anthony M. Fletcher, Frances R. Harris, Sherry Clements, Tiffany Brown, William Smith, Stacey J. Baehl, Robin Fluty, Daniel VanHamersveld, Dennis Breen, Nancy Bender, Beverly Stafford, Tamika Washington, Margaret N. Pike, Mark A. Stich, Evyan Jawad, Amin Nadeem, Jill Nyland, Rhonda Hamer, Kendra Calhoun, Charlotte Mall, Samuel Cadogan, Kati Raynes, Richard Katz, Lorraine Marshall, Rashida Abbas, Jay L. Dinerman, John T. Hartley, Beth Lamb, Lisa Eskridge, Donna Raymond, Kristy Clemmer, Denise M. Fine, Paula Beardsley, Janet Werner, Bette Mahan, Courtney VanTol, Robert Herman, Christine Raiser-Vignola, Felicia McShan, Stefanie A. Neill, David R. Blick, Michael J. Liston, Denetta K. Nelson, Sandra K. Dorrell, Patricia Wyman, Ambereen Quraishi, Fernando Ferro, Frank Morris, Vicki J. Coombs, Autumn M. Mains, Austin A. Campbell, Jeanne Phelps, Cheryl A. Geary, Ellen G. Sheridan, Jean M. Downing, Arie Swatkowski, Tish Redden, Brian Dragutsky, Susan Thomas, Candace Mitchell, Diana Barker, Elanie Turcotte, Deborah Segerson, Jill Guy, Karena De La Mora, Jennifer Hong, Dennis Do, Rose Norris, Faisal Khan, Hector Montero, Stacy Kelly-White, Alan Cleland, Rosalyn Alcalde-Crawford, Melissa Morgan, Brijmohan Sarabu, Megan Minor, Shweta Kamat, Stephanie M. Estes, Nancee Harless, Alicia Disney, Jodi L. Pagano, Chad M. Alford, Noel W. Bedwell, Warren D. Hardy, Kevin DeAndrade, Jessica G. Elmore, Eric Auerbach, Anthony W. Haney, Miriam H. Brooks, Jose Torres, Lois Roper, Terry Backer, Katie Backer, John G. Evans, Ricardo A. Silva, Lorraine H. Dajani, Veronica Yousif, Tammy Ross, Sion K. Roy, Ronald Oudiz, Sajad Hamal, Ferdinand Flores, Amor Leahy, Debra Ayer, Swapna George, Chrisi Carine Stewart, Elvira Orellana, Cristina Boccalandro, Mary Rangel, Suzanne Hennings, Carl Vanselow, Teri Victor, Darlene Birdwell, Paul Haas, Anthony Sandoval, Gina Ciavarella, Caroline Saglam, Amy Bird, Keith Beck, Brian Poliquin, David Dominguez, Brittany Tenorio, Harvonya Perkins, Esther San Roman, Paris Bransford, Christy Lowrance, Marcy Broussard, Mary Ellis, Bobbi Skiles, Jessica Hamilton, Kathryn Hall, Diego Olvera, Julee A. Hartwell, Nevien Sorial, Mary Rickman, Kevin Berman, Nirav Mehta, Annie Laborin, Rodger Rothenberger, Sarah Beauvilliers, Kathy Morrell, Michael P. Schachter, Cindy L. Perkins, Elizabeth A. Gordon, Jennifer Lauer, Kim Bichsel, Kelly Oliver, Leslie J. Mellor, Candice Demattia, Jennifer Schomburg, Yenniffer Moreno, Eduardo Mansur-Garza, Lena Rippstein, Lorie Chacon, Andrea Pena, Michelle King, Susan Richardson, Annette Jessop, Nicole Tucker, Whitney Royer, Gilbert Templeton, Ann Moell, Christine Weller, Melissa J. Botts, Gretel Hollon, Elsa Homberg-Pinassi, Paula Forest, Aref Bin Abhulhak, Devona Chun-Furlong, Deborah Harrington, Emily Harlynn, Marjorie Schmitt, Constance Shelsky, Patricia Feldick, Mary Cherrico, Courtney Jagle, Nicholas Warnecke, Debra Myer, Deanna J. Ruder, Albina Underwood, Alan Rauba, George Carr, Barbara Oberhaus, Jessica Vanderfeltz, Mary Jo Stucky-Heil, Dale R. Gibson, Vonnie Fuentes, Kimberly L. Talbot, William C. Simon, Katlyn J. Grimes, Christina R. Wheeler, Cassaundra Shultz, Rhonda A. Metcalf, Jennifer L. Hill, Michelle R. Oliver, Basharat Ahmad, Fouzal Azeem, Abdul Rahim, George H. Freeman, Dawn Bloch, Heather Freeman, Jamie Brown, Sarah Rosbach, Pamela Melander, Nick Taralson, Alex Liu, Katlyn Harms, Mahfouz Michale, Jose Lopez, Maria Revoredo, Shari Edevane, Sarah Shawley, Timothy L. Jackson, Michael J. Oliver, Dina DeSalle, Patricia J. Matlock, Ionna M. Beraun, Heather Hendrix, Garrett Bromley, Ashley Niemerski, Gabby Teran, Sonia Guerrero, Murtaza Marvi, Zehra Palanpurwala, Andrea Torres, Patty Gloyd, Michelle Conger, Aziz Laurent, Olia Nayor, Catalina S. Villanueva, Munira Khambati, Tabetha J. Mumford, Melanie J. Castillo, Taddese Desta, Jerome Robinson, La Shawn Woods, Anita Bahri, Nancy Herrera, Cecilia Casaclang, Jeffrey R. Unger, Geraldine Martinez, Mia K. Moon, Stephen M. Mohaupt, Larry Sandoval, Louisito Valenzuela, Victora Ramirez, Nelly Mata, Veronica Avila, Marisol Patino, Cynthia Montano-Pereira, Omar Barnett, William M. Webster, Lorraine M. Christensen, Leighna Bofman, Melanie Livingston, Stacey Adams, Joseph Hobbs, Leesa Koskela, Mia Katz, Samuel Mujica-Trenche, Franklin Cala, Noreen T. Rana, Jennifer Scarlett, Milagros Cala Anaya, Marsha R. Jones, Kelly D. Hollis, Debbie Roth, Kristin Eads, Tina Watts, Judy Perkins, Alice Arnold, Daniel C. Ginsberg, Denise Quinn, Nicole Cureton, David B. Fittingoff, Mohammed I. Iqbal, Stephen R. White, Edith Sisneros, Michelle Ducca, David Streja, Danny Campos, Jennifer L. Boak, Farzeen Amir, Felice Anderson, James J. Kmetzo, Mary O. Bongarzone, Dawn Scott, Mary Grace De Leon, Cynthia Buda, William Graettinger, Michelle Alex, Erika Hess, James Govoni, Melissa Bartel, Travis L. Monchamp, Julie S. Roach, Sara Gibson, Amy M. Allfrey, Kristen Timpy, Kathy Bott, Karin A. Soucy, Jean Willis, Cecilia A. Valerio, Anusha Chunduri, Rebecca Coker, Nicole Vidrine, Ellen A. Thompson, Mark A. Studeny, Melissa K. Marcum, Tammy S. Monway, Douglas L. Kosmicki, Melissa J. Kelley, Corey M. Godfrey, Susan L. Krenk, Randy R. Holcomb, Deb K. Baehr, Mary K. Trauernicht, David Rowland Lowry, Betty Bondy Herts, Jeanne E Phelps, Jean-Marie Downing, Carol Gamer Dignon, Elisabeth S. Cockrill, Pravinchandra G. Chapla, Diane Fera, Margaret Chang, Patricia Fredette, Tamie Ashby, Renee Bergin, Zebediah A. Stearns, David B. Ware, Rachael M. Boudreaux, Joanna Rodriguez, Robert McKenzie, Amanda Huber, Rebecca Sommers, Heather Rowe, Stacy McLallen, Michale Haynes, Ashley Adamson, Janice Henderson, Lori McClure, Beverly A. Harris, Laura Ference, Sue Meissner-Dengler, Lisa Treasure, Doreen Nicely, Timothy L. Light, Tracey A. Osborn, Kimberly J. Mai, Pablo Vivas, Jose Rios, Dunia Rodriguez, Roger DeRaad, James Walder, Oscar Bailon, Denice Hockett, Debbie Anderson, Kelli McIntosh, Amber Odegard, Andrew Shepherd, Mary Seifert, Laurence Kelley, Rajendra Shetty, Michael Castine, David Brill, Gregory Fisher, Nicole Richmond, Kathleen Gray, Patricia Miller, Charlene Coneys, Yarixa Chanza, Monica Sumoza, Victoria M. Caudill, Kelly D. Harris, Courtney A. Manion, Melody J. Lineberger-Moore, Julie J. Wolfe, Barbara J. Rosen, Patricia DiVito, Janet L. Moffat, Christina Michaelis, Prashant Koshy, Diana Perea, Ghaith Al Yacoub, Stephanie Sadeghi, Thomas D. LeGalley, Rudolph F. Evonich, William J. Jean, Gary M. Friesen, John M. Pap, David A. Pesola, Mark D. Cowan, Kristofer M. Dosh, Dianna Larson, Adele M. Price, Jodi A. Nease, Jane E. Anderson, Lori A. Piggott, Robert Iwaoka, Kevin Sharkey, Edward McMillan, Laurie Lowder, Latisha Morgan, Kyle Davis, Tara Caldwell, Erica Breglio, Jasmine Summers, Rachel Poulimas, Muhammad Zahid, Hamid Syed, Maria Escobar, Jacob Levy, Rahma Warsi, Carol Ma, Puxiao Cen, Kimberly A. Cawthon, Delores B. Barnes, Deanna G. Allen, Margaret L. Warrington, Carol R. Stastny, Robin J. Michaels, Mohamad Saleh, John Sorin, Sunny Rathod, Urakay Juett, Steven Spencer, Aziza Keval, Jill McBride, Shane Young, Catherine Baxter, Carol Rasmussen, Shari L. Coxe, Luis Campos, Shahin Tavackoli, Diana Beckham, Darlynee Sanchez, Karanjit Basrai, Dorian Helms, Erica Clinton, Kasie Smith, Henry Cusnir, Mary Klaus Clark, Madhavagopal V. Cherukuri, Ameta Scarfaru, Stephen D. Nash, Loretta C. Grimm, Anna Grace, Kylie McElheran, Dino Subasic, Zedrick Buhay, Janet Litvinoff, Deepak Shah, Shannon Cervantes, Freda Usher, Farra Yasser, Theodore Trusevich, Ronnie L. Garcia, Jamison Wyatt, Rahul Bose, Holllilyn Miska, Traci Spivey, Amy B. Wren, Katie E. Vance, Lani L. Holman, Pam Gibbons, Elaine Eby, Sandra Shepard, Soratree Charoenthongtrakul, Brett Snodgrass, Mohammed Nazem, Shelly Keteenburg, Prathima Murthy, Frederic Prater, Ashley Rumfelt, Christina Eizensmits, Lisa Iannuzzi, Pourus R. Patel, Clellia Bergamino, Elizabeth McFeaters, Botros Rizk, Emiljia Pflaum, Danny Kalish, Rex Ambatali, Mona Ameli, Delaina Sanguinetti, Rakesh Vaidya, Martinus A.W. Broeders, Dorman Henrikus, Adrianus F.M. Kuijper, Nadea Al-Windy, Michael Magro, Karim Hamraoui, Ismail Aksoy, Guy L.J. Vermeiren, H.W.O. Roeters van Lennep, Gerard Hoedemaker, Johannes Jacobus Remmen, Kjell Bogaard, Dirk van der Heijden, Nicole MJ Knufman, Joost Frederiks, Johannes Willem Louwerenburg, Piet van Rossum, Johannes Milhous, Peter van der Meer, Arno van der Weerdt, Rob Breedveld, Mitran Keijzers, Walter Hermans, Ruud van de Wal, Peter A.G. Zwart, Marc M.J.M. van der Linden, Gerardus Zwiers, Dirk J. Boswijk, Jan Geert Tans, Jacob van Eck, Maarten V. Hessen, Barnabas J.B. Hamer, Stieneke Zoet-Nugteren, Lucien Theunissen, E.A. van Beek, Remco Nijmeijer, Pieter R. Nierop, Gerard Linssen, H.P. Swart, Timo Lenderink, Gerard L. Bartels, Frank den Hartog, Brian J. Berg van den, Wouter van Kempen, Susanne Kentgens, Gloria M. Rojas Lingan, Martinus M. Peeters, Hilligje Keterberg, Melchior Nierman, Annemieke K. den Hollander, Jacqueline Hoogendijk, Christine Voors-Pette, Vicdan Kose, Peter Viergever, Larysa Yena, Viktor Syvolap, Mykola P. Kopytsya, Olga Barna, Svitlana S. Panina, Mykhailo I. Lutai, Oxana V. Shershnyova, Iryna Luzkiv, Larysa S. Bula, Sergii Zotov, Ivan Vyjhovaniuk, Olena Lysunets, Volodymyr I. Koshlia, Nataliya Sydor, Myroslava F. Vayda, Olexiy Ushakov, Mykola Rishko, Viktor P. Shcherbak, Yevgeniya Svyshchenko, Vira Tseluyko, Andriy Yagensky, Viktoriia I. Zolotaikina, Olga Godlevska, Larysa Ivanova, Olena Koval, Olena I. Mitchenko, Galyna Y. Kardash, Yurii S. Rudyk, Mykola Stanislavchuk, Volodymyr Ivanovych Volkov, Olena G. Karlinskaya, Susanna A. Tykhonova, Nikolay Vatutin, Ganna Smirnova, Volodymyr M. Kovalenko, Viktor Lizogub, Denys Sebov, Oleksandr Dyadyk, Svetlana Andrievskaya, Mykola P. Krasko, Alexander N. Parkhomenko, Lidiya Horbach, Iryna G. Kupnovytska, Tetyana Pertseva, Oleksandr Karpenko, Dmytro Reshotko, Svitlana V. Zhurba, Leonid Rudenko, Viktoriia Yu Zharinova, Valerii B. Shatylo, Yuriy I. Karpenko, Mariya A. Orynchak, Tatiana R. Kameneva, Elena Zherlitsina, Diana N. Alpenidze, Grigoriy P. Arutyunov, Elena Baranova, Boris Bart, Dmitriy I. Belenkiy, Svetlana A. Boldueva, Elena A. Demchenko, Vera V. Eltishcheva, Alexander M. Gofman, Boris M. Goloshchekin, Ivan Gennadyevich Gordeev, Nikolay Gratsianskiy, Gadel Kamalov, Niyaz R. Khasanov, Irina M. Kholina, Zhanna D. Kobalava, Elena V. Kobeleva, Alexandra O. Konradi, Victor A. Kostenko, Andrey Dmitrievich Kuimov, Polina Y. Ermakova, Sofia K. Malyutina, Alexey V. Panov, Natalia V. Polezhaeva, Olga Reshetko, Nataliya P. Shilkina, Sergey B. Shustov, Elena A. Smolyarchuk, Raisa I. Stryuk, Elena Yurievnar Solovieva, Andrey V. Susekov, Natalia Vezikova, Svetlana N. Ivanova, Alexander A. Petrov, Vladimir O. Konstantinov, Alina S. Agafina, Victor Gurevich, Konstantin N. Zrazhevskiy, Tatiana V. Supryadkina, Nikita B. Perepech, Vadim L. Arkhipovskiy, Dmitry Yu Butko, Irina A. Zobenko, Olga V. Orlikova, Viktor Mordovin, Olga L. Barbarash, Anastasiya Lebedeva, Vladimir Nosov, Oleg V. Averkov, Elena P. Pavlikova, Yuri B. Karpov, Marina Lvovna Giorgadze, Oleg A. Khrustalev, Mikhail Arkhipov, Tatiana A. Raskina, Julia V. Shilko, Yulia Samoilova, Elena D. Kosmacheva, Sergey V. Nedogoda, Kathleen Coetzee, Lesley J. Burgess, F.C.R. Theron, Iftikhar O. Ebrahim, Gerbrand A. Haasbroek, Maria Pretorius, Julien S. Trokis, Dorothea V. Urbach, Mark J. Abelson, Adrian R. Horak, Aysha E. Badat, Ellen M. Makotoko, Hendrik Du Toit Theron, Padaruth Ramlachan, Clive H. Corbett, Ismail H. Mitha, Hendrik F.M. Nortje, Dirkie J. Jansen van Rensburg, Peter J. Sebastian, F.C.J. Bester, Louis J. van Zyl, Brian L. Rayner, Elżbieta Błach, Magda Dąbrowska, Grzegorz Kania, Agata E. Kelm-Warchol, Leszek P. Kinasz, Janusz Korecki, Mariusz Kruk, Ewa Laskowska-Derlaga, Andrzej Madej, Krzysztof Saminski, Katarzyna Wasilewska, Katarzyna Szymkowiak, Małgorzata Wojciechowska, Natalia Piorowska, Andrzej Dyczek, Rajpal K. Abhaichand, Ramesh B. Byrapaneni, Basavanagowdappa Hattur, Malipeddi Bhaskara Rao, Nitin Ghaisas, Sujit Shankar Kadam, Jugal B. Gupta, Santhosh M. Jayadev, V.A. Kothiwale, Atul Mathur, Vijay Bhaskar, Ravi K. Aluri, Udaya P. Ponangi, Mukesh K. Sarna, Sunil Sathe, Manish K. Sharma, Jilendra Pal Singh Sawhney, Chakrabhavi B. Keshavamurthy, Arun Srinivas, Hemant P. Thacker, A. Sharda, Johny Joseph, Sunil Dwivedi, Viswanathan Mohan, Rajendra K. Premchand, Jacques Bedard, Jean Bergeron, Ronald Collette, David Crowley, Richard Dumas, Sam Henein, Geoff Moran, William F. O’Mahony, Michael O’Mahony, Sammy Chan, Mark H. Sherman, Graham C. Wong, Brian D. Carlson, Milan K. Gupta, David Borts, Sean R. Peterson, Martyn Chilvers, Allan J. Kelly, Jean C. Gregoire, Simon Kouz, Josep Rodés Cabau, Minodora Andor, Mircea Cinteza, Radu Ciudin, Radu I. Cojan, Roxana O. Darabont, Dan-Lucian Dumitrascu, Carmen Fierbinteanu-Braticievici, Ana Gabriela Fruntelata, Constantin Militaru, Bogdon E. Minescu, Doina Luminita Serban, Florin Mitu, Dorel Nastase Melicovici, Ovidiu Petrascu, Octavian M. Pirvu, Cristian Podoleanu, Calin Pop, Rodica-Valentina V. Stanescu-Cioranu, Adrian Tase, Cristina Voiculet, Constantine N. Aroney, Anthony M. Dart, Timothy Davis, Karam Kostner, David N. O’Neal, Peter W. Purnell, Bhuwanendu B. Singh, David R. Sullivan, Peter Thompson, Gerald F. Watts, Adam F. Blenkhorn, John V. Amerena, Rafeeq Samie, Randall Hendriks, Joseph Proietto, Nikolai Petrovsky, Alan Whelan, David Colquhoun, Russell S. Scott, Simon C. Young, Tammy Pegg, Samuel JS Wilson, Andrew W. Hamer, Richard A. Luke, Hamish H. Hart, Gerard P. Devlin, Gerard T. Wilkins, Ian F. Ternouth, Samraj Nandra, Bruno S. Loeprich, Nicole McGrath, Stuart L. Tie, Rob J. Bos, Alexandra Wils, Tamara Jacobs, Erik A. Badings, Lillian A. Ebels-Tuinbeek, Mayke L. Scholten, Esther Bayraktar-Verver, Debby Zweers, Manoek Schiks, Carolien Kalkman, Tineke Tiemes, Jeanette Mulderij, Katarzyna Dabrowska, Wilma Wijnakker, Riny Van de Loo, Jeanne de Graauw, Giny Reijnierse, Mirjam van der Zeijst, Mariska Scholten, Henk R. Hofmeijer, Antoinette van Dijk-van der Zanden, Dineke J. van Belle, Jan Van Es, Gera Van Buchem, Wendy Zijda, Harald Verheij, Linnea Oldenhof-Janssen, Martina Bader, Marije Löwik, Sandra Stuij, Pascal Vantrimpont, Krista van Aken, Karen Hamilton, Han Blömer, Gabriela van Laerhoven, Raymond Tukkie, Maarten Janssen, Gerard Verdel, Jon Funke Küpper, Bob van Vlies, Caroline Kalkman, Joke Vooges, Marinella Vermaas, Rachel Langenberg, Niek Haenen, Frans Smeets, Arko Scheepmaker, Marcel Grosfeld, Ilvy Van Lieshout, Marleen van den Berg, Marian Wittekoek, Petra Mol, Antionette Stapel, Margaretha Sierevogel, Nancy van der Ven, Annemiek Berkelmans, Eric Viergever, Hanneke Kramer, Wilma Engelen, Karen V. Houwelingen, Thierry X. Wildbergh, Arend Mosterd, Coriet Hobé-Rap, Marjan van Doorn, Petra Bunschoten, Michel Freericks, Mireille Emans, Petra Den Boer-Penning, Els Verlek, Christine Freericks, Cornelis de Nooijer, Christina Welten, Ingrid Groenenberg, Claudia van der Horst, Esther Vonk, Geert Tjeerdsma, Gerard M. Jochemsen, Corinne van Daalen, Ingrid Y. Danse, Lucy Kuipers, Anke Pieterse, Antonius Oomen, Daan de Waard, Willem Jan Flu, Zusan Kromhout, Petra Van der Bij, Rob Feld, Brigitta Hessels-Linnemeijer, Rob Lardinois, Jan L. Posma, Zwanette R. Aukema-Wouda, Marjolijn Hendriks-van Woerden, Desiree van Wijk, Driek P. Beelen, Ingrid H. Hendriks, Jan J. Jonker, Stefanie Schipperen, Vicdan Köse, Gloria Rojas, Linda Goedhart, Hanneke van Meurs, Jacqueline Rijssemus, Lindy Swinkels-Diepenmaat, Marloes de Louw-Jansen, Dominique Bierens-Peters, Willem W. van Kempen, Marianne E. Wittekoek, Irmaina Agous, Geert Schenk, Janneke Wittekoek, Kevin Cox, Deborah F. Julia, Jan J.C. Jonker, Roel Janssen, Melchor Nierman, Hilligje Katerberg, Irene van der Haar, Willem W. Van Kempen, Taco van Mesdag, Leyda M. Alvarez Costa, Manon Schensema, Salomé Zweekhorst, Deborah Font Julia, Lauri Hanewinckel, Joyce Olsthoorn, Johan C. Berends, Arie C. van der Spek, Roy van der Berg, Rob J. Timmermann, Ingrid Boerema, Iryna Mudruk, Anna Khrystoforova, Serhii Kyselov, Yaroslava V. Hilova, Pavlo Logoida, Nataliia A. Sanina, Ilona P. Golikova, Olena O. Nemchyna, Ivan I. Isaichikov, Olga B. Potapova, Iurii V. Gura, Larysa Berestetska, Olena O. Kulianda, Oleksandr Tantsura, Oleksandr S. Kulbachuk, Volodymyr Petsentiy, Ihor Biskub, Tetyana Handych, Oleg Lagkuti, Alyna Gagarina, Taras Chendey, Oksana F. Bilonko, Olena Matova, Larysa Bezrodna, Olena Yarynkina, Tetiana Ovdiienko, Volodymyr Randchenko, Maryna Mospan, Olena Butko, Olga Romanenko, Mykhailo Pavelko, Iryna Sichkaruk, Svitlana O. Lazareva, Olena A. Kudryk, Inessa M. Koltsun, Tetiana Magdalits, Sergei Zadorozhniy, Kira Kompaniiets, Andrii Ivanov, Sergiy Romanenko, Pavlo Kaplan, Vadym Y. Romanov, Oksana P. Mykytyuk, Nataliia S. Zaitseva, Sergiy N. Pyvovar, Lyudmyla Burdeuna, Emerita Serdobinska, Tatiana I. Shevchenko, Igor I. Ivanytskyi, Olena V. Khyzhnyak, Nataliya Kalinkina, Olena Keting, Olena Sklyanna, Olga Kashanska, Anna Shevelok, Marina Khristichenko, Ievgenii Y. Titov, Danilenko O. Oleksander, Nataliia S. Polenova, Nataliia Altunina, Viktoriia Kororaieva, Stanislav Zborovskiy, Leonid Kholopov, Iurii Suliman, Lanna Lukashenko, Stanislav Shvaykin, Olexandr M. Glavatskiy, Roman O. Sychov, Roman L. Kulynych, Oleksandr A. Skarzhevskyi, Nataliia V. Dovgan, Marta Horbach, Olga Cherkasova, Iryna Tyshchenko, Liudmyla Todoriuk, Svitlana Kizim, Nataliia Brodi, Oleksandr Ivanko, Olga Garbarchuk, Liudmyla Alieksieieva, Tetiana L. Shandra, Olena Beregova, Larisa An Bodretska, Svitlana S. Naskalova, Ivanna A. Antoniuk-Shcheglova, Olena V. Bondarenko, Natalia G. Andreeva, Iryna I. Vakalyuk, Olha S. Chovganyuk, Nataliya R. Artemenko, Kiril A. Maltsev, Natalia Kalishevich, Natalia G. Kondratyeva, Svetlana A. Nikitina, Maria V. Martjanova, Anna V. Sokolova, Dmitrii O. Dragunov, Olga Kolesnik, Vera Larina, Oxana V. Tsygankova, Maria Ivanova, Illia A. Karpov, Elena M. Aronova, Ekaterina S. Vedernikova, Ekaterina I. Lubinskaya, Taras Y. Burak, Sergey I. Skichko, Farhad Rasulev, Ekaterina B. Soldatova, Alexander L. Fenin, Ilya I. Laptev, Elena E. Luchinkina, Alexandr Akatov, Natalia V. Polenova, Natalia N. Slavina, Irina N. Korovnika, Marina Yu Prochorova, Regina Shakirova, Elena N. Andreicheva, Olga A. Krasnova, Tinatin V. Lobzhanidze, Tatiana B. Dmitrova, Viktoriya V. Stakhiv, Maria I. Pechatnikova, Alexandra V. Panova, Maria Y. Tipikina, Oxana P. Rotar, Nikolay A. Bokovin, Saule K. Karabalieva, Farid Y. Tumarov, Elena V. Vasileva, Natalya Gennadevna Lozhkina, Ekaterina V. Filippova, Alisa I. Sharkaeva, Ekanerina V. Filippova Deilik, Natalia Yu Tolkacheva, Elena N. Domracheva, Andrey N. Ryabikov, Inga T. Abesadze, Marianna Z. Alugishvili, Elena P. Nikolaeva, Nadezda V. Smirnova, Valentina I. Rodionova, Polina V. Dolovstaya, Igor E. Yunonin, Sergey V. Kadin, Tatyana S. Sveklina, Anna V. Bushmanova, Elena L. Barkova, Irina S. Gomova, Yana V. Brytkova, Tatiana B. Ivanova, Marina Y. Zubareva, Inga Skopets, Lybov A. Galashevskaya, Emilia D. Butinskaya, Olga G. Gusarova, Natalia B. Kalishevich, Yana R. Pavlova, Marianna P Serebrenitskaya, Vitalina F. Grygorieva, Gulnara R. Kuchaeva, Inna A. Vasileva, Gulnara I. Ospanova, Yulia V. Vahrusheva, Irina A. Semenova, Irina E.E. Mikhailova, Olga O. Kvasova, Valeria D. Shurygina, Alexey E. Rivin, Alexey O. Savelyev, Alexey A. Savelyev, Olesya O. Milyaeva, Nadezhda N. Lapshina, Ninel A. Lantsova, Pavel V. Alexandrov, Evgeniy A. Orlikov, Alla Falkovskaya, Tatiana Ripp, Sergei Triss, Stanislav Pekarskiy, Sitkova Ekaterina, Evgeniya N. Zhuravleva, Olga Perova, Galina Kovaleva, Liubov Koroleva, Lydia Mishchenko, Boris P. Garshin, Svetlana A. Kutuzova, Lyudmila I. Provotorova, Igor P. Zadvorny, Olga V. Okhapkina, Anatoly O. Khrustalev, Tatiana Suvorova, Elena S. Shaf, Varvara A. Vershinina, Andrey A. Kozulin, Oxana A. Oleynik, Irina Y. Martynova, Natalia V. Kizhvatova, Alla S. Salasyuk, Vera V. Tsoma, Alla A. Ledyaeva, Elena V. Chumachek, S.C. Blignaut, Tersia Y. Alexander, Chano Du Plessis, Thirumani Govender, Samatha M. Du Toit, Leya Motala, Areesh Gassiep, Christina Naude (Smit), Marli Terblanche, Marlien Snoer (Kruger), Berenice Pillay, De Vries Basson, Marisa E. Theron, Bianca Fouche, Mareli E. Coetzee, Pieter Odendall, Frederik H. Van Wijk, Anna-Mari Conradie, Trudie Van der Westhuizen, Carine Tredoux, Mohamed S. Mookdam, Andie J. Van der Merwe, Karin Snyman, Gerda Smal, Yvonne De Jager, Thomas A. Mabin, Annusca King, Lindy L. Henley, Brenda M. Zwane, Jane Robinson, Marinda Karsten, Andonia M. Page, Valerie Nsabiyumva, Charmaine Krahenbuhl, Jaiprakash D. Patel, Yunus E. Motala, Ayesha Dawood, Nondumiso B. Koza, Lenore M.S. Peters, Shavashni Ramlachan, Wilhelm J. Bodenstein, Pierre Roux, Lizelle Fouche, Cecilia M. Boshoff, Haroon M. Mitha, Fathima Khan, Henry P. Cyster, Helen Cyster, E. C. Wessels, Florence J. Jacobs, Melanie A. Sebastian, Deborah A. Sebastian, Nadia Mahomed, Ignatius P. Immink, Celia Cotzee, Tanja Cronje, Madele Roscher, Maria Le Roux, Yvonne A. Trinder, Renata Wnętrzak-Michalska, Magdalena Piszczek, Andrzej Piela, Ewa Czernecka, Dorota Knychas, Alina Walczak, Izabella Gładysz, Katarzyna Filas, Ewelina Kiluk, Krzysztof Świgło, Iwona Jędrzejczyk, Kamila Łuczyńska, Katarzyna Tymendorf, Wojciech Piesiewicz, Wojciech L. Kinasz, Stefan Samborski, Ilona Bartuś, Gramzyna Latocha Korecka, Ewa Gulaj, Jolanta Sopa, Bogusław Derlaga, Marcin Baisiak, Allicia Kowalisko, Edyta Stainszewska-Marasazlek, Bartosz Szafran, Malgorzata Swiatkiewicz, Artur Racewicz, Sławomir Grycel, Jerzy Supronik, Sylwia Walendziuk, Magdalena Tarantowicz, Agata Stasiak, Anna Sidorowicz-Białynicka, Marek Dwojak, Ewa Jaźwińska-Tarnawska, Katarzyna Kupczyk, Kamila Martowska, Kamila Kulon, Katarzyna Gajda, Bivin Wilson, Krithika Velusamy, Swaidha S. Sadhiq, Bhavani Siddeshi, M. Bhanukumar, Abhishek Srivatsav, Madhan Ramesh, Sri Harsha Chalasani, Mini Johnson, Prashanth Gopu, Jeesa George, Sowmya Reddy, Swetha Tessy Thara Eleena, Damodara Rao Kodem, Haritha N. Nakkella, Padma Kumari Mandula, Anjan Kumar Vuriya, Syamala Rajana, Aruna Kale, Tiwari Rajeev, Raina Jain, Vipin Jain, Srilakshmi Mandayam Adhyapak, Lumin Sheeba, Uma C R, Ramya R, Aditya V. Kulkarni, M.S. Ganachari, Ruma Sambrekar, Mohammad Bilal, Kalyan Chakravarthy, Ravi Badhavath, Sravan Kumar, Meenakshi Simhadri, Farooque Salamuddin, Venkat Prasad, Vivek Dwivedi, Sudha Sarna, Tilak Arora, Deepak Chawla, Archana Sathe, Chaware Gayatree, Ajeet Nanda, Ram Avtar, Jyoti Sharma, Vaibhavi P S, Sasirekha D, Deepthi Kobbajji, Ramya Ningappa, Shwetha Shree, Chandrashekar K, Nandini M R, Sowjanya S, Devika I G, Yashaswini N, Sonika G, Rathna L, Priyanka R, Rupal J. Shrimanker, Lakshmi Vinutha Reddy, K. Sumathi, Babitha Devi, Bina N. Naik, Rohini Manjunath, Rajeshwari Ashok, Tony V. Kunjumon, Jesline Thomas, Shaik Samdhani, Kasthuri Selvam, Poongothai Subramani, Nandakumar Parthasarathy, Nirmal K. Bohra, Anvesh K. Gatla, Cheryl Horbatuk, Julie Sills, E B. Davey, Liz Paramonczyk, Olga Racanelli, Sandy Strybosch, Andre Belanger, Jean Palardy, Alicia Schiffrin, Sylvie Gauthier, Norman Kalyniuk, Shawn D. Whatley, Heather Lappala, Grishma Patel, Matthew Reeve, Catherine Moran, Jody Everitt, Teresa Ferrari, Christine Bouffard, Jirir Frohlich, Gordon Francis, John Mancini, Gregory Bondy, Debbie DeAngelis, Patricia Fulton, David W. Blank, Angela Lombardo, Mylène Roy, Jackie Chow, Hyman Fox, William J. Grootendorst, Angela Hutchinson, Sharon M. Chan, Christie Fitzgerald, Lynn Wilkins, Rebecca L. Raymond, Arlene Reyes, Lavoie Marc André, Denis Fortin, Hélène Ouimet, Thanh-Thao Tôn-Nu, Martine Dussureault, Marie-Hélène Blain, Madeleine Roy, Nathalie Kopajko, Chantal Fleury, Karine Maheux, Gabriela Valentina Ciobotaru, Maria C. Constantinescu, Carmen-Lucia Gherghinescu, Ana-Maria Avram, Ioan Manitiu, Aura Sinpetrean, Lucian Pop, Delia Lupu, Radu Usvat, Ana Petrisor, Nicoleta Dumitru, Camelia Moruju, Adelina Gheorghita, Magda V. Mitu, Cosmin Macarie, Ana Maria Pop, Maria-Catalina Diaconu, Iulia Grancea, Mihaela Cosma, Mihaela Crisan, Elizabeth Herron, Paul Nestel, Sally B. Kay, Kaye S. Carter, Imran Badshah, Ashley Makepeace, Jocelyn Drinkwater, Michelle England, Azette Rafei, Kylie Patterson, Alicia Jenkins, Sybil McAuley, Sue M. Kent, Joy E. Vibert, Leonie Perrett, Thomas David, Samantha L. Kaye, Monika O’Connor, Nimalie J. Perera, Nicole T. Lai, Kerry A. Kearins, Christinia Dicamillo, Heather Anderson, Louise Ferguson, Sharon D. Radtke, Charles T. Thamarappillil, Janice M. Boys, Anita K. Long, Toni Shanahan, Michael Nyguyen, Nicole Forrest, Gill Tulloch, Della Greenwell, Sarah L. Price, Aye N. Tint, Priya K. Sumithran, Tamara L. Debreceni, Lisa Walker, Mary Caruana, Kira Edwards, Maria Stathopoulos, Cilla Haywood, Dimitar Sajkov, Sharen Pringle, Anne Tabner, Kathrina Bartolay, Chamindi Abeyratne, Kylie Bragg, Patrick Mulhern, Peter Purnell, Lyn Williams, Jane Hamlyn, Aurelia Connelly, Jan Hoffman, Samantha Bailey, Jane Kerr, Zarnia Morrison, Sarah Maeder, Roberta McEwan, Prasanna Kunasekera, Patrice McGregor, Jo Young, Sharon Berry, Rick Cutfield, Michelle Choe, Catherine McNamara, Narrinder K. Shergill, Petra Crone, Miles G. Williams, Keith Dyson, Diana H. Schmid, Audrey C. Doak, Melissa Spooner, Colin Edwards, Anne Turner, Grainne M. McAnnalley, Raewyn A. Fisher, Fraser B. Hamilton, Denis H. Friedlander, Melissa R. Kirk, Jayne E. Scales, Marguerite A. McLelland, Neelam A. Dalman, Cathy E. Vickers, Carolyn Jackson, Wendy Coleman, Phillip I. Garden, and Wendy F. Arnold
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Rate ratio, Double-Blind Method, Ischemia, Risk Factors, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine, Clinical endpoint, Humans, Myocardial infarction, Coronary Artery Bypass, Stroke, Aged, business.industry, Unstable angina, Hazard ratio, Absolute risk reduction, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Number needed to treat, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Background: Despite advances in surgery and pharmacotherapy, there remains significant residual ischemic risk after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Methods: In REDUCE-IT (Reduction of Cardiovascular Events With Icosapent Ethyl–Intervention Trial), a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, statin-treated patients with controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and mild to moderate hypertriglyceridemia were randomized to 4 g daily of icosapent ethyl or placebo. They experienced a 25% reduction in risk of a primary efficacy end point (composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, or hospitalization for unstable angina) and a 26% reduction in risk of a key secondary efficacy end point (composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) when compared with placebo. The current analysis reports on the subgroup of patients from the trial with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting. Results: Of the 8179 patients randomized in REDUCE-IT, a total of 1837 (22.5%) had a history of coronary artery bypass grafting, with 897 patients randomized to icosapent ethyl and 940 to placebo. Baseline characteristics were similar between treatment groups. Randomization to icosapent ethyl was associated with a significant reduction in the primary end point (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76 [95% CI, 0.63–0.92]; P =0.004), in the key secondary end point (HR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.56–0.87]; P =0.001), and in total (first plus subsequent or recurrent) ischemic events (rate ratio, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.50–0.81]; P =0.0002) compared with placebo. This yielded an absolute risk reduction of 6.2% (95% CI, 2.3%–10.2%) in first events, with a number needed to treat of 16 (95% CI, 10–44) during a median follow-up time of 4.8 years. Safety findings were similar to the overall study: beyond an increased rate of atrial fibrillation/flutter requiring hospitalization for at least 24 hours (5.0% vs 3.1%; P =0.03) and a nonsignificant increase in bleeding, occurrences of adverse events were comparable between groups. Conclusions: In REDUCE-IT patients with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting, treatment with icosapent ethyl was associated with significant reductions in first and recurrent ischemic events. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT01492361.
Published: 2021
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8. Follicular Lymphoma Treated with First-Line Immunochemotherapy: A Review of PET/CT in Patients Who Did Not Achieve a Complete Metabolic Response in the GALLIUM Study

Author: Andrea Knapp, Tarec Christoffer El-Galaly, Michael Wenger, Judith Trotman, Michel Meignan, Tina Nielsen, Farheen Mir, Lale Kostakoglu, Sally F. Barrington, and Denis Sahin
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Follicular lymphoma, Lymphoma, Follicular/diagnostic imaging, Gallium, Progressive Metabolic Disease, follicular lymphoma, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Clinical Investigation, Lymphoma, Follicular, Retrospective Studies, response assessment, Fluorodeoxyglucose, PET-CT, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Progression-Free Survival, Lymphoma, Measurable Disease, PET, Positron emission tomography, Radiology, business, Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods, Progressive disease, medicine.drug
Abstract: Complete metabolic response (CMR) on positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) was the sole independent predictor of overall survival in the PET sub-study of the phase III GALLIUM trial (NCT01332968) in first-line treatment of high tumour burden follicular lymphoma (FL). The aim of this analysis was to investigate further the outcome of patients not achieving CMR. Methods: Two international experts re-reviewed PET-CT scans from patients failing to achieve CMR assessed by the Independent Review Committee (IRC) blinded otherwise to IRC results. Metabolic response category and Deauville score (DS) were assigned. Progression-free survival (PFS) was investigator assessed with contrast-enhanced CT (ceCT). Kaplan–Meier methodology was used to estimate landmark PFS and time-to-next treatment (TTNT) from end-of-induction by DS. Patients who experienced CT-based progressive disease at end-of-induction were excluded. Results: Fifty-four patients were reviewed. Six had CMR, 37 partial metabolic response, two no metabolic response and nine progressive metabolic disease. Patients were reassigned to CMR because fluorodeoxyglucose uptake was considered as i) inflammatory (n = 2), ii) incidental neoplasia (n = 2) or iii) where fluorodeoxyglucose uptake was visually close to liver uptake but quantitatively lower (n = 2). There was a trend for shorter PFS and TTNT for patients with DS-5 than DS-4. High-grade mesenteric uptake at end-of-induction was common, occurring in 20 patients with non-CMR, fourteen of whom achieved CMR at all other sites. Only 3/14 (21%) patients with mesenteric uptake as the only site of disease experienced progression or death within 24 months (PFS24) whereas 4/6 patients (67%) with mesenteric and additional sites of fluorodeoxyglucose-avid disease had a PFS24 event. All patients with early progression had measurable disease on ceCT at fluorodeoxyglucose-avid sites at end-of-induction. Conclusion: After induction immunochemotherapy, CMR was assigned after reassessment in some patients, where increased fluorodeoxyglucose uptake was considered due to inflammation/incidental neoplasia rather than lymphoma. Quantitative assessment to confirm the visual impression of residual uptake in lesions is suggested. Isolated mesenteric fluorodeoxyglucose uptake is likely a common false-positive finding at end-of-induction and does not warrant changes in clinical management nor disease surveillance unless there is measurable disease on ceCT or clinical suspicion of active disease.
Published: 2021
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9. High-burden Cancers in Middle-income Countries: A Review of Prevention and Early Detection Strategies Targeting At-risk Populations

Author: Olusegun I. Alatise, Anna J. Dare, O C Famurewa, T. Peter Kingham, Anya Romanoff, Akinwumi Oluwole Komolafe, SA Olatoke, Olalekan Olasehinde, Gregory C. Knapp, and Aba Katung
Subjects: Cancer Research, Colorectal cancer, Population, MEDLINE, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Early detection, Article, Risk Factors, Environmental health, Humans, Medicine, education, Developing Countries, Cervix, Early Detection of Cancer, Cervical cancer, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Middle income countries, Cancer, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, Income, Female, business
Abstract: Cancer incidence is rising in low- and especially middle-income countries (MIC), driven primarily by four high-burden cancers (breast, cervix, lung, colorectal). By 2030, more than two-thirds of all cancer deaths will occur in MICs. Prevention and early detection are required alongside efforts to improve access to cancer treatment. Successful strategies for decreasing cancer mortality in high-income countries are not always effective, feasible or affordable in other countries. In this review, we evaluate strategies for prevention and early detection of breast, cervix, lung, and colorectal cancers, focusing on modifiable risk factors and high-risk subpopulations. Tobacco taxation, human papilloma virus vaccination, cervical cancer screen-and-treat strategies, and efforts to reduce patient and health system–related delays in the early detection of breast and colorectal cancer represent the highest yield strategies for advancing cancer control in many MICs. An initial focus on high-risk populations is appropriate, with increasing population coverage as resources allow. These strategies can deliver significant cancer mortality gains, and serve as a foundation from which countries can develop comprehensive cancer control programs. Investment in national cancer surveillance infrastructure is needed; the absence of national cancer data to identify at-risk groups remains a barrier to the development of context-specific cancer control strategies.
Published: 2021
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10. RFID systems optimisation through the use of a new RFID network planning algorithm to support the design of receiving gates

Author: Henriette Knapp and Giovanni Romagnoli
Subjects: Receipt, business.industry, Computer science, Automotive industry, Trial and error, Automation, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Network planning and design, Artificial Intelligence, Software deployment, Radio-frequency identification, Use case, business, Algorithm, Software
Abstract: Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a widespread technology used in several different industries. One of its common use cases in logistics is the automation of goods receipt. RFID gates are often deployed, to automatically detect tagged items or load carriers during their passage through the goods receipt gate. At present, however, the design of RFID gates is often based on estimations, and their commissioning is mostly approached via trial and error. Even if the RFID network planning problem is known in the literature, existing algorithms cannot be applied to the design of RFID gates due to some limitations. In this paper, we propose a new evolutionary RFID network planning algorithm to design RFID gates optimally. The objective of our algorithm is to minimise the number of antennas and to adjust their mounting heights and angles. The algorithm ensures a tag coverage of at least 99%, prevents reflections on the ground, and can be used in the future as a standard for planning and commissioning RFID-enabled goods receipt gates. To demonstrate the applicability of our algorithm, we deployed it in a case study involving logistics of the automotive sector. The results of the deployment confirm the quality of our approach, as the RFID gate optimised by the algorithm deployed 4 antennas, with a vertical coverage rate of 99.96%, an horizontal coverage rate of 89.66%, and very interesting values of other evaluation functions, namely load balance and overlapping rate.
Published: 2021
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11. Prevalence and Characteristics of Subjective Cognitive Decline Among Unpaid Caregivers Aged ≥45 Years — 22 States, 2015–2019

Author: Erin D. Bouldin, Kenneth A Knapp, Dana Guglielmo, Roshni Patel, Christopher A. Taylor, Eva M Jeffers, Lisa C. McGuire, and Janet B. Croft
Subjects: Male, Gerontology, Health (social science), Epidemiology, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Affect (psychology), Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Diagnostic Self Evaluation, Mental distress, Health Information Management, Health care, Prevalence, History of depression, Humans, Medicine, Cognitive Dysfunction, Full Report, Cognitive skill, Cognitive decline, Aged, business.industry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Mental health, United States, Caregivers, Female, business
Abstract: Approximately 20% of U.S. adults are unpaid caregivers (caregivers) (1) who provide support to a family member or friend with a health condition or disability. Although there are benefits to caregiving, it can negatively affect caregivers' physical and mental health (2-4). Much of the assistance caregivers provide, such as administering medications or financial management, relies on cognitive ability, but little is known about caregivers' cognitive functioning. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), the self-reported experience of worsening or more frequent confusion or memory loss over the past year (5), could affect caregivers' risk for adverse health outcomes and affect the quality of care they provide. CDC analyzed SCD among caregivers aged ≥45 years through a cross-sectional analysis of data from 22 states in the 2015-2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Among adults aged ≥45 years, SCD was reported by 12.6% of caregivers who provided care to a family member or friend with a health condition or disability in the past 30 days compared with 10.2% of noncaregivers (p
Published: 2021
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12. H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas should be further molecularly stratified: an integrated analysis of 669 patients

Author: Kar Ming Fung, Rene Y. McNall-Knapp, Hieu Trong Le, James Battiste, Tam N M Ngo, Ian F. Dunn, and Huy Gia Vuong
Subjects: Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Mutant, Hazard ratio, ACVR1, Tp53 mutation, Confidence interval, Neurology, Internal medicine, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), business, ATRX, Survival analysis
Abstract: Introduction: H3K27M-mutated diffuse midline gliomas (H3-DMGs) are aggressive tumors with a fatal outcome. This study integrating individual patient data (IPD) from published studies aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of different genetic alterations on survival of these patients.Methods: We accessed PubMed and Web of Science to search for relevant articles. Studies were included if they have available data of follow-up and additional molecular investigation of H3-DMGs. For survival analysis, Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression models were utilized, and corresponding hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed to analyze the impact of genetic events on overall survival (OS).Result: We included 30 studies with 669 H3-DMGs. TP53 mutations were the most common second alteration among these neoplasms. In univariate Cox regression model, TP53 mutation was an indicator of shortened survival (HR = 1.446; 95% CI = 1.143-1.829) whereas ACVR1 (HR = 0.712; 95% CI = 0.518-0.976) and FGFR1 mutations (HR = 0.408; 95% CI = 0.208-0.799) conferred prolonged survival. In addition, ATRX loss was also associated with a better OS (HR = 0.620; 95% CI = 0.386-0.996). Adjusted for age, gender, tumor location, and the extent of resection, the presence of TP53 mutations, the absence of ACVR1 or FGFR1 mutations remained significantly poor prognostic factors.Conclusions: We outlined the prognostic importance of additional genetic alterations in H3-DMGs and recommended that these neoplasms should be further molecularly segregated. It could help neuro-oncologists better evaluate the risk stratification of patients and consider pertinent treatments.
Published: 2021
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13. How Australia’s measles control activities have catalyzed rubella elimination

Author: Anna Glynn-Robinson, Jennifer K. Knapp, and David N Durrheim
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Antibodies, Viral, Measles, Rubella, Article, Catalysis, Young Adult, elimination, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, Cumulative incidence, Young adult, Child, Mumps, Transmission (medicine), business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), rubella, Australia, General Medicine, vaccines, medicine.disease, Infectious Diseases, Immunization, epidemiology, Birth Cohort, Female, business, Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine, Demography
Abstract: Background By 2017, rubella had been officially eliminated in Australia. This success was attributed to Australia's longstanding national immunization programme and two enhanced measles immunization activities using measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccines — the Measles Control Campaign (MCC) and the Young Adult MMR Campaign (YAC). Our study describes the impact of these activities on rubella incidence, and its elimination in Australia. Methods Aggregate national serological survey data were assigned to birth cohorts, and mean, median, and age-group estimates calculated and analyzed against MMR immunization coverage estimates (1998–2018) and rubella notifications (1993–2018). Three-year cumulative incidences were calculated by birth cohort. Results The serological surveys revealed high and stable levels of rubella immunity among females, but estimates for three male cohorts were lower. Since 2007, MMR immunization coverage among children aged 24–27 months has remained above 90% for both doses. The 3-year cumulative incidence of rubella declined across all birth cohorts following the MCC and the YAC. Discussion Using MMR vaccines to address measles immunity gaps had the additional benefit of controlling rubella in Australia. Both the MCC and YAC shifted rubella epidemiology, accelerating the interruption of endemic transmission. Countries should consider combined measles and rubella vaccines for all catch-up activities.
Published: 2021

14. Molecular and phenotypic profiling of colorectal cancer patients in West Africa reveals biological insights

Author: Olukayode Arowolo, Jeremy Constable, David E. Ibikunle, Mithat Gonen, SA Olatoke, Yelena Kemel, Olalekan Olasehinde, Olusola A. Adesiyun, Jinru Shia, Nikolaus Schultz, Olaejinrinde O. Olaofe, J. Joshua Smith, Michael F. Berger, David B. Solit, SO Agodirin, Akinwumi O. Komolafe, Azfar Basunia, Walid K. Chatila, T. Peter Kingham, Ronak Shah, Kenneth Seier, Murray F. Brennan, Kanika Arora, Gregory C. Knapp, Timothy A. Chan, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Martin R. Weiser, Olusegun I. Alatise, Brooke E. Sylvester, Aba Katung, Efsevia Vakiani, O C Famurewa, Oladapo Adedayo Kolawole, Akinwumi O. Olakanmi, Ademola Adeyeye, Zsofia K. Stadler, Avinash Sharma, Adeleye D. Omisore, Adedeji A. Egberongbe, and Chao Wu
Subjects: Adult, Male, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Lung Neoplasms, Adolescent, Colorectal cancer, Science, Nigeria, General Physics and Astronomy, Early detection, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, West africa, Young Adult, Risk Factors, Cancer genome, Internal medicine, Biomarkers, Tumor, medicine, Humans, Cancer genetics, neoplasms, Peritoneal Neoplasms, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Liver Neoplasms, Age Factors, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Cancer, Microsatellite instability, General Chemistry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Phenotype, digestive system diseases, Case-Control Studies, Mutation, Female, Microsatellite Instability, Colorectal Neoplasms, business, Rectal disease
Abstract: Understanding the molecular and phenotypic profile of colorectal cancer (CRC) in West Africa is vital to addressing the regions rising burden of disease. Tissue from unselected Nigerian patients was analyzed with a multigene, next-generation sequencing assay. The rate of microsatellite instability is significantly higher among Nigerian CRC patients (28.1%) than patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, 14.2%) and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC, 8.5%, P, Understanding the molecular and phenotypic profile of colorectal cancer (CRC) in West Africa is important for early detection and treatment. Here, the authors use a multigene next-generation sequencing panel to identify genomic differences in Nigerian CRCs compared to those from TCGA and MSKCC cohorts.
Published: 2021

15. Initial performance of red mulberry (Morus rubra L.) under a light gradient: an overlooked alternative livestock forage?

Author: Shibu Jose, Robert L. Kallenbach, Ryan Dibala, Benjamin O. Knapp, and Michael A. Gold
Subjects: Morus rubra, food, Agronomy, business.industry, Forestry, Forage, Livestock, Biology, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, food.food
Published: 2021
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16. The Utility and Feasibility of Routine Use of a Patient-Reported Outcome Measure in Paediatric Dentistry

Author: Anna Graham, Helen D. Rodd, Zoe Marshman, R. Knapp, Fiona Gilchrist, and Halla Zaitoun
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Future studies, business.industry, RK1-715, Prom, Paediatric dentistry, paediatric dentistry, Cronbach's alpha, oral health impacts, Family medicine, Dentistry, Health care, medicine, Patient-reported outcome, business, Radiation treatment planning, Reliability (statistics), patient-reported outcome measures
Abstract: Within healthcare services, there is increasing emphasis to incorporate patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), rather than relying solely on clinical outcomes. A 12-item caries-specific measure (CARIES-QC) has been developed and validated for children aged 5–16 years. To date, the routine use of PROMs in paediatric dentistry new patient clinics (NPC) has not been reported. The aim was to conduct a pilot study to assess the feasibility, utility and validity of routine use of a PROM in paediatric dentistry NPC in a UK teaching hospital. Children attending NPC over a four-week period were asked to complete CARIES-QC with an additional free-text box. Interviews were held with members of staff to assess the feasibility of using a PROM routinely. CARIES-QC was completed by 99 children. Almost half of the participants had caries (n = 49, 49.5%). CARIES-QC demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.9) and reliability with the global question (r = 0.75, p = 0.01). Clinical staff valued the information provided by the PROM. An electronic delivery method would be beneficial to both clinical and administrative staff. CARIES-QC was able to capture impacts for children with a range of oral conditions. Its use aided treatment planning and future studies should investigate the use of an electronic delivery system to reduce the administrative burden.
Published: 2021

17. Efficacy and safety of obinutuzumab for the first-line treatment of follicular lymphoma: a subgroup analysis of Chinese patients enrolled in the phase III GALLIUM study

Author: Yuankai Shi, Yu-Qin Song, Qingyuan Zhang, Wei Guo, Andrea Knapp, G. Wu, Xiaonan Hong, T. Lin, Jun-Min Li, Jifeng Feng, and Anastasiia Kinkolykh
Subjects: Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Follicular lymphoma, chemistry.chemical_element, Gallium, Subgroup analysis, General Medicine, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, medicine.disease, First line treatment, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Obinutuzumab, Internal medicine, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, medicine, Humans, Rituximab, business, Lymphoma, Follicular
Abstract: GALLIUM is a global phase III study that demonstrated significant improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) for obinutuzumab plus chemotherapy (G-chemo) vs. rituximab plus chemotherapy (R-chemo) in previously untreated patients with follicular lymphoma (FL). This study aimed to report the results of a subgroup of patients in China.Patients were randomized to G-chemo or R-chemo. Responders received maintenance therapy for 2 years or until disease progression. The primary endpoint was investigator (INV)-assessed PFS. Secondary endpoints included the overall response rate (ORR) and complete response rate (CRR) at the end of induction chemotherapy, overall survival (OS), and safety.Overall, 58 patients with FL were randomized to the G-chemo (n = 25) and R-chemo arms (n = 33). The INV-assessed PFS rate at 3 years was 81.8% in the G-chemo arm, vs. 70.2% in the R-chemo arm (hazard ratio 0.35; 95% confidence interval: 0.09-1.34; P = 0.1120). The INV-assessed CRRs (without positron emission tomography [PET]) in these arms were 24.0% and 21.2%, respectively, whereas the ORRs were 80.0% and 90.9%, respectively. INV-assessed CRR-PET was 52.6% in the G-chemo, vs. 60.9% in the R-chemo. Median OS was not reached in either arm. Grade 3 to 5 adverse events were more frequent in the R-chemo arm (97.0% vs. 88.0%).The results of this subgroup analysis were consistent with those of the global population, and they suggest that G-chemo has a positive benefit-risk profile in patients from China with FL.ClinicalTrials.gov, No. NCT01332968.
Published: 2021
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18. Racial Differences in the Phenotype of Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Comparison Between Nigeria and South Africa

Author: T. Peter Kingham, Olusegun I. Alatise, Brendan Bebington, Patrick Ayodeji, Olalekan Olasehinde, Anna J. Dare, Gregory C. Knapp, and Jeremy Constable
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Colorectal cancer, Nigeria, Mean age, Disease, medicine.disease, Article, Race Factors, South Africa, Phenotype, Cardiothoracic surgery, Internal medicine, Cohort, Humans, Medicine, Adenocarcinoma, Surgery, Racial differences, Prospective Studies, Colorectal Neoplasms, business, Abdominal surgery
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: There are significant differences in the phenotype of CRC by race in the U.S. A similar CRC phenotype-race relationship also appears to exist in South Africa (SA). However, there is a paucity of comparative data on the presentation and survival of CRC in sub-Saharan African by country of origin or race. This study compares clinicopathologic variables between CRC patients in Nigeria and SA. METHODS: From a prospective CRC database, consecutive patients diagnosed between September, 2013 and October, 2018 from the African Research Group for Oncology in South West Nigeria were compared to consecutive patients diagnosed from January, 2016 to October, 2018 from the Colorectal Cancer in South Africa database. Patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma were included. Patients were excluded if they had in-situ disease or no histological diagnosis. Clinical outcomes were calculated from the date of presentation. National census categories were used to define self-reported race in SA. RESULTS: The mean age at presentation in Nigeria (n = 347) was 54.1 years (SD 15.5) compared to 56.8 (SD 13.7) in SA (n = 534). The median age among Black SA (BSA) patients was significantly lower than the median age among White SA (WSA) patients (55 vs. 63, p < 0.001). Right-sided colon cancer was more common in Nigerian (27.4%) and BSA (21.2%) patients compared to WSA patients (15.2%, p < 0.001). Nigerian (39.1%) and BSA (16.7%) patients were also more likely to present with mucinous histology than WSA patients (4.9%, p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in the stage-at-presentation between the cohorts, with a large burden of stage IV disease in the Nigerian cohort (52.6%). Adjusting for stage-at-presentation, there was a significant difference in the median overall survival between country and racial cohorts. CONCLUSION: There are significant differences in the phenotype of CRC between Nigeria and SA. Nigerian and BSA patients, appear to share characteristics that are different than those of WSA patients. Larger series with tissue banking and next-generation sequencing are needed to better delineate these observed differences.
Published: 2021
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19. Childhood cancer physical symptom burden and parent distress: The role of parent rumination

Author: Larry L. Mullins, Kaitlyn L. Gamwell, Morgan Pepper, Sunnye Mayes, John M. Chaney, Megan N. Perez, Rene Y. McNall-Knapp, Nathan L. Basile, Rachel S. Fisher, and J. Carrick Carter
Subjects: Clinical Psychology, business.industry, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Rumination, Childhood cancer, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Symptom burden, Medicine, medicine.symptom, business, Applied Psychology, Clinical psychology, Parent distress
Published: 2021
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20. Basal and Luminal Molecular Subtypes in Naturally-Occurring Canine Urothelial Carcinoma are Associated with Tumor Immune Signatures and Dog Breed

Author: Deepika Dhawan, Christopher M. Fulkerson, Audrey Ruple, Elaine A. Ostrander, Deborah W. Knapp, Sagar M. Utturkar, Lindsey M. Fourez, Heidi G. Parker, Michael O. Childress, Noah M. Hahn, Alexander W. Enstrom, José A. Ramos-Vara, and Breann C. Sommer
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Urology, Breed, 03 medical and health sciences, Basal (phylogenetics), 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, medicine, business, Urothelial carcinoma
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Improved therapies are needed for patients with invasive urothelial carcinoma (InvUC). Tailoring treatment to molecular subtypes holds promise, but requires further study, including studies in pre-clinical animal models. Naturally-occurring canine InvUC harbors luminal and basal subtypes, mimicking those observed in humans, and could offer a relevant model for the disease in people. OBJECTIVE: To further validate the canine InvUC model, clinical and tumor characteristics associated with luminal and basal subtypes in dogs were determined, with comparison to findings from humans. METHODS: RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses were performed on 56 canine InvUC tissues and bladder mucosa from four normal dogs. Data were aligned to CanFam 3.1, and differentially expressed genes identified. Data were interrogated with panels of genes defining luminal and basal subtypes, immune signatures, and other tumor features. Subject and tumor characteristics, and outcome data were obtained from medical records. RESULTS: Twenty-nine tumors were classified as luminal and 27 tumors as basal subtype. Basal tumors were strongly associated with immune infiltration (OR 52.22, 95%CI 4.68–582.38, P = 0.001) and cancer progression signatures in RNA-seq analyses, more advanced clinical stage, and earlier onset of distant metastases in exploratory analyses (P = 0.0113). Luminal tumors were strongly associated with breeds at high risk for InvUC (OR 0.06, 95%CI 0.01 –0.37, P = 0.002), non-immune infiltrative signatures, and less advanced clinical stage. CONCLUSIONS: Dogs with InvUC could provide a valuable model for testing new treatment strategies in the context of molecular subtype and immune status, and the search for germline variants impacting InvUC onset and subtype.
Published: 2021
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21. Phase I/II Trial of Vemurafenib in Dogs with Naturally Occurring, BRAF-mutated Urothelial Carcinoma

Author: Uma K. Aryal, Paul M Rossman, Christopher M. Fulkerson, Noel Dybdal, Mark Merchant, Jackeline Franco, Deepika Dhawan, Sagar M. Utturkar, Audrey Ruple, Matthew Breen, Alexander W. Enstrom, Elaine R Murray, Dietrich Tuerck, Lindsey M. Fourez, José A. Ramos-Vara, Deborah W. Knapp, Tanja S. Zabka, Rodrigo Mohallem, Ketaki Bhide, and Liling Liu
Subjects: Cancer Research, business.industry, Invasive urothelial carcinoma, Cancer, Drug resistance, medicine.disease, Immune system, Oncology, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Cancer research, Medicine, business, Adverse effect, Vemurafenib, medicine.drug
Abstract: BRAF-targeted therapies including vemurafenib (Zelboraf) induce dramatic cancer remission; however, drug resistance commonly emerges. The purpose was to characterize a naturally occurring canine cancer model harboring complex features of human cancer, to complement experimental models to improve BRAF-targeted therapy. A phase I/II clinical trial of vemurafenib was performed in pet dogs with naturally occurring invasive urothelial carcinoma (InvUC) harboring the canine homologue of human BRAFV600E. The safety, MTD, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity were determined. Changes in signaling and immune gene expression were assessed by RNA sequencing and phosphoproteomic analyses of cystoscopic biopsies obtained before and during treatment, and at progression. The vemurafenib MTD was 37.5 mg/kg twice daily. Anorexia was the most common adverse event. At the MTD, partial remission occurred in 9 of 24 dogs (38%), with a median progression-free interval of 181 days (range, 53–608 days). In 18% of the dogs, new cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and papillomas occurred, a known pharmacodynamic effect of vemurafenib in humans. Upregulation of genes in the classical and alternative MAPK-related pathways occurred in subsets of dogs at cancer progression. The most consistent transcriptomic changes were the increase in patterns of T lymphocyte infiltration during the first month of vemurafenib, and of immune failure accompanying cancer progression. In conclusion, the safety, antitumor activity, and cutaneous pharmacodynamic effects of vemurafenib, and the development of drug resistance in dogs closely mimic those reported in humans. This suggests BRAF-mutated canine InvUC offers an important complementary animal model to improve BRAF-targeted therapies in humans.
Published: 2021
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22. Trends in kinase drug discovery: targets, indications and inhibitor design

Author: Helgi B. Schiöth, Stefan Knapp, Misty M. Attwood, Doriano Fabbro, and Aleksandr V. Sokolov
Subjects: Pharmacology, business.industry, Drug discovery, Kinase, Fda approval, Cancer therapy, Imatinib, General Medicine, Bioinformatics, Clinical trial, Drug class, Drug Discovery, Medicine, Kinome, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: The FDA approval of imatinib in 2001 was a breakthrough in molecularly targeted cancer therapy and heralded the emergence of kinase inhibitors as a key drug class in the oncology area and beyond. Twenty years on, this article analyses the landscape of approved and investigational therapies that target kinases and trends within it, including the most popular targets of kinase inhibitors and their expanding range of indications. There are currently 71 small-molecule kinase inhibitors (SMKIs) approved by the FDA and an additional 16 SMKIs approved by other regulatory agencies. Although oncology is still the predominant area for their application, there have been important approvals for indications such as rheumatoid arthritis, and one-third of the SMKIs in clinical development address disorders beyond oncology. Information on clinical trials of SMKIs reveals that approximately 110 novel kinases are currently being explored as targets, which together with the approximately 45 targets of approved kinase inhibitors represent only about 30% of the human kinome, indicating that there are still substantial unexplored opportunities for this drug class. We also discuss trends in kinase inhibitor design, including the development of allosteric and covalent inhibitors, bifunctional inhibitors and chemical degraders. The FDA approval of imatinib in 2001 heralded the emergence of kinase inhibitors as a key drug class in the oncology area and beyond. This article analyses the landscape of approved and investigational therapies that target kinases and trends within it, including the most popular targets of kinase inhibitors, their expanding range of indications and strategies for kinase inhibitor design.
Published: 2021
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23. Barriers to Universal Suicide Risk Screening for Youth in the Emergency Department

Author: Argelinda Baroni, Paige E. Cervantes, Dana E. M. Seag, Sarah M. Horwitz, Katrina Knapp, Ruth Gerson, Ethan Wiener, and Ee Tein Tay
Subjects: Suicide Prevention, Adolescent, business.industry, General Medicine, Emergency department, medicine.disease, Article, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Emergency Medicine, medicine, Humans, Mass Screening, Medical emergency, Emergency Service, Hospital, Suicide Risk, business
Abstract: Given the increasing rates of youth suicide, it is important to understand the barriers to suicide screening in emergency departments. This review describes the current literature, identifies gaps in existing research, and suggests recommendations for future research.A search of PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Web of Science was conducted. Data extraction included study/sample characteristics and barrier information categorized based on the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment model.All studies focused on inner context barriers of implementation and usually examined individuals' attitudes toward screening. No study looked at administrative, policy, or financing issues.The lack of prospective, systematic studies on barriers and the focus on individual adopter attitudes reveal a significant gap in understanding the challenges to implementation of universal youth suicide risk screening in emergency departments.
Published: 2021
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24. Tobacco Dependence Treatment: Examining Cessation Effectiveness in Oncology Settings

Author: Chunkit Fung, Geoffrey C. Williams, Rhonda Knapp-Clevenger, Myla Strawderman, and Patricia R. Mallaber
Subjects: Program evaluation, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), medicine.medical_treatment, Cancer, Tobacco Use Disorder, Guideline, Medical Oncology, medicine.disease, Cancer treatment, Neoplasms, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Smoking cessation, Smoking Cessation, business, Program Evaluation, General Environmental Science
Abstract: The Wilmot Cancer Institute launched the Tobacco Dependence Treatment Program in 2015. Formal program evaluation consisted of 324 patients who presented for at least one visit to assess quit rates. The secondary aim was to ascertain the effectiveness of guideline recommendations that four or more visits would be beneficial in an outpatient oncology tobacco treatment program to promote success in smoking cessation. The first 32 months of program data revealed that there were significantly improved quit rates for those who were seen for four or more visits compared to those seen for three or fewer visits.
Published: 2021
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25. The Effects of Depression and Anxiety on 90-day Readmission Rates After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

Author: Natalie M. Pizzimenti, DO Paul Knapp, DO James T. Layson, David C. Markel, and Waleed Mohammad
Subjects: musculoskeletal diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, Anxiety, Anxiolytic, Internal medicine, medicine, History of depression, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Risk factor, education, Depression (differential diagnoses), Original Research, Orthopedic surgery, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Depression, Arthroplasty, Knee arthroplasty, Cohort, Hip arthroplasty, Surgery, medicine.symptom, business, Readmission, RD701-811
Abstract: Background Patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty have higher rates of anxiety, depression or anxiety and depression than the general population and higher costs of care, which lead to higher levels of postoperative dissatisfaction and readmission rates. We evaluated the readmission rates of patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty with diagnoses of anxiety, depression, or both. Methods Our hospital’s prospectively collected data from Michigan’s statewide total joint database were reviewed from 2013 to 2018. Rates of anxiety, depression or anxiety and depression were determined based on preoperative anxiolytic or antidepressant medications using National Drug Codes. Results A total of 4107 cases were included. Of which 4.28% had a readmission within the 90-day global period, and 12% had a history of depression or anxiety or both. For the entire cohort, those on anxiolytic medication were 153% more likely to be readmitted than those not on medication (P = .017). When comparing total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA), patients taking anxiolytic medication and undergoing TKA were 120% more likely to undergo readmission within 90 days (P = .021). Patients on depression medication alone were not at increased risk of readmission in the TKA cohort (P = .991). For THA, neither diagnosis appeared a risk factor for readmission (P = .852). Conclusions Patients with depression, anxiety, or both undergoing TKA were at a statistically significant risk of readmission within 90 days compared with patients without these diagnoses. Anxiety and depression were both risk factors for readmission, but anxiety appeared to have a more significant impact. Patients undergoing THA on the other hand did not appear to share this risk profile.
Published: 2021

26. Two Concurrent Cancers in a 19-Year-Old Patient: Yolk Sac Ovarian Tumor and Metastatic Gastrointestinal Tract Malignancy—Case Report

Author: Paweł Knapp, Wiktor Bortnik, Paweł Guzik, Piotr Sitnik, Marta Baczewska, Jakub Dobroch, and Piotr Bernaczyk
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, business.industry, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer, General Medicine, Gynecologic oncology, medicine.disease, Debulking, Malignancy, Krukenberg tumor, 03 medical and health sciences, Ovarian tumor, 0302 clinical medicine, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Radiology, Differential diagnosis, business, Ovarian cancer
Abstract: Background Two concurrent malignancies present in a young person is an extremely rare condition. Diagnoses of gastric cancer primarily concern older patients. There are very few reports of concomitant Krukenberg tumor and germ-cell ovarian malignancy. Case A 19-year-old girl was admitted to the gynecologic oncology department with symptoms of advanced malignancy. Radiological imaging revealed disseminated neoplastic disease with bulky adnexal tumors. Cytoreductive surgery was performed, achieving no visible disease (T = 0 cm). The final pathology report confirmed metastatic mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) in both ovaries, originating from the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, the primary germ cell yolk sac tumor was found in the left ovary. Conclusion In cases of concomitant gastric and ovarian tumors, metastatic disease (Krukenberg tumor) should be considered in the differential diagnosis. This concerns even adolescent patients. In particular cases, including tumors with germ cell components, primary debulking surgery is crucial for prognosis.
Published: 2021
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27. Prognostic significance of FCGR2B expression for the response of DLBCL patients to rituximab or obinutuzumab treatment

Author: Christopher Rushton, Wolfram Klapper, Jonathan C. Strefford, Cathy Burton, Mark S. Cragg, Ryan D. Morin, Stephen A. Beers, Andrea Knapp, Malgorzata Nowicka, Christopher R. Bolen, Chern Lee, Chantal E. Hargreaves, Laura K. Hilton, Pedro Farinha, Matthew J. Carter, Margaret Ashton-Key, Matthew J. J. Rose-Zerilli, Kathleen N. Potter, Graham W. Slack, Maurizio Martelli, Christian Klein, Mikkel Z. Oestergaard, Umberto Vitolo, Laurie H. Sehn, Farheen Mir, Marek Trneny, Russell Foxall, and David W. Scott
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Oncology, Vincristine, medicine.medical_specialty, Cyclophosphamide, FCGR2B, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, immune system diseases, Obinutuzumab, Chemoimmunotherapy, Prednisone, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Internal medicine, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Humans, Medicine, Lymphoid Neoplasia, business.industry, Receptors, IgG, Hematology, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Lymphoma, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Rituximab, Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Fc γ receptor IIB (FcγRIIB) is an inhibitory molecule capable of reducing antibody immunotherapy efficacy. We hypothesized its expression could confer resistance in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) chemoimmunotherapy, with outcomes varying depending on mAb (rituximab [R]/obinutuzumab [G]) because of different mechanisms of action. We evaluated correlates between FCGR2B messenger RNA and/or FcγRIIB protein expression and outcomes in 3 de novo DLBCL discovery cohorts treated with R plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) reported by Arthur, Schmitz, and Reddy, and R-CHOP/G-CHOP-treated patients in the GOYA trial (NCT01287741). In the discovery cohorts, higher FCGR2B expression was associated with significantly shorter progression-free survival (PFS; Arthur: hazard ratio [HR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.19; P = .0360; Schmitz: HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.02-1.26; P = .0243). Similar results were observed in GOYA with R-CHOP (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.00-1.58; P = .0455), but not G-CHOP (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.69-1.20; P = .50). A nonsignificant trend that high FCGR2B expression favored G-CHOP over R-CHOP was observed (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.44-1.02; P = .0622); however, low FCGR2B expression favored R-CHOP (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.00-2.50; P = .0503). In Arthur and GOYA, FCGR2B expression was associated with tumor FcγRIIB expression; correlating with shorter PFS for R-CHOP (HR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.04-4.50; P = .0378), but not G-CHOP (HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 0.66-2.87; P = .3997). This effect was independent of established prognostic biomarkers. High FcγRIIB/FCGR2B expression has prognostic value in R-treated patients with DLBCL and may confer differential responsiveness to R-CHOP/G-CHOP.
Published: 2021
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28. From pets to threats: Invasive iguanas and other species cause significant harm to native iguanas

Author: Charles R. Knapp, Ioana A. Coman, Gad Perry, Stesha A. Pasachnik, and Tandora D. Grant
Subjects: Harm, business.industry, Environmental health, Medicine, General Medicine, business
Published: 2021
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29. Delaware’s My Healthy Community Data Platform

Author: BA Ian Kozak, Mem Michael Knapp, Marcy Parykaza, Cassandra Codes-Johnson, Tabatha N. Offutt-Powell, Matthew Muspratt, Jd, Mem, and Mga
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Health (social science), business.industry, Health Policy, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Psychological intervention, Population health, Mental health, Public health informatics, Nursing, Informatics, Political science, Health care, Epidemiology, medicine, business
Abstract: “Delawareans need to have access to usable, meaningful, timely, and high-quality data about the health of the communities in which they live,”1 so that data-driven evidence-based decisions result in community-focused solutions to affect positive change. This statement is the vision of the My Healthy Community (MHC) data portal,2 which serves as Delaware’s population health platform. The MHC platform shares data on a myriad of population health areas such as social vulnerability, community characteristics, the environment (e.g., public and private drinking water, air quality), chronic diseases, mental health and substance use, healthy lifestyles, maternal and child health, health care utilization, and infectious diseases. MHC continues to expand in both data and functionality to serve as a tool to track the outcomes of implementing data-driven population health interventions and utilizing technology to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions. Shortly after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic took a foot hold in the United States, in April of 2020, only 11 months after MHC was publicly launched, the site also became Delaware’s coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) dashboard, presenting statistics on COVID-19 cases, hospitalization, emergency department visits, testing, deaths, vaccination, contact tracing, and in-person contagious school cases. MHC’s origins lie in the intersection between public health informatics and epidemiology. Visionaries within Delaware’s public health agency paved the way to create MHC with the support of DPH leadership and the perseverance and dedication of a small team of public health professionals. With their own unique lenses, one of public informatics and the other of epidemiology, the team’s efforts materialized into a tool that continues to evolve and respond to Delaware’s changing needs.
Published: 2021
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30. Contemporary status, distribution, and trends of mixedwoods in the northern United States

Author: Anthony W. D'Amato, John M. Kabrick, Christel C. Kern, David A. MacLean, Daniel C. Dey, Patricia Raymond, Nicole S. Rogers, Kenneth L. Clark, Lance A. Vickers, Benjamin O. Knapp, and Laura S. Kenefic
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Global and Planetary Change, Softwood, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, business.industry, Distribution (economics), Forestry, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Geography, Deciduous, Abundance (ecology), Hardwood, business, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: As interest in managing and maintaining mixedwood forests in the northern United States (US) grows, so does the importance of understanding their abundance and distribution. We analyzed Forest Inventory and Analysis data for insights into mixedwood forests spanning 24 northern US states from Maine south to Maryland and westward to Kansas and North Dakota. Mixedwoods, i.e., forests with both hardwoods and softwoods present but neither exceeding 75%–80% of composition, comprise more than 19 million hectares and more than one-quarter of the northern US forest. They are most common in the Adirondack – New England, Laurentian, and Northeast ecological provinces but also occur elsewhere in hardwood-dominated ecological provinces. These mixtures are common even within forest types nominally categorized as either hardwood or softwood. The most common hardwoods within those mixtures were species of Quercus and Acer, and the most common softwoods were species of Pinus, Tsuga, and Juniperus. Although mixedwoods exhibited stability in total area during our analysis period, hardwood saplings were prominent, suggesting widespread potential for eventual shifts to hardwood dominance in the absence of disturbances that favor regeneration of the softwood component. Our analyses suggest that while most mixedwood plots remained mixedwoods, harvesting commonly shifts mixedwoods to either hardwood- or softwood-dominated cover types, but more specific information is needed to understand the causes of these shifts.
Published: 2021
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31. Anlage einer invasiven Blutdruckmessung

Author: Fredy-Michel Roten and Jürgen Knapp
Subjects: business.industry, Medicine, business
Published: 2021
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32. Retinal Vasculitis Associated With Dermatomyositis Treated With Intravenous Steroids

Author: Rula A. Hajj-Ali, Kimberly Baynes, Sunil K. Srivastava, Jawad Arshad, Careen Y. Lowder, Austen N. Knapp, and Daniel F. Martin
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, business.industry, Retinal vasculitis, Medicine, Case Reports, Dermatomyositis, business, medicine.disease, Intravenous steroids, eye diseases
Abstract: Purpose: This work aims to present treatment and long-term follow-up of a 31-year-old woman with dermatomyositis who presented with hemorrhagic retinal vasculitis and macular edema. Methods: A retrospective case report is presented. Results: A 31-year-old woman with dermatomyositis treated with systemic immunosuppression was evaluated for acute, reduced vision. Best-corrected visual acuity was hand motion in the right eye and 20/200 in the left eye. Fundus examination revealed diffuse intraretinal hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, and vascular sheathing with a frosted branch angiitis–like appearance. Optical coherence tomography revealed significant macular edema and subretinal fluid that quickly resolved after admission and treatment with intravenous steroids. Multimodal imaging at 7-year follow-up disclosed long-term sequelae including peripheral nonperfusion and retinal neovascularization. Conclusions: When vasculitis associated with dermatomyositis is treated aggressively with intravenous steroids at initial presentation, good visual acuity outcomes can be achieved, but long-term consequences of retinal nonperfusion and neovascularization persist.
Published: 2021
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33. Operative Versorgung des Processus styloideus ulnae mittels winkelstabiler Hakenplatte bei Frakturen und symptomatischen Pseudarthrosen

Author: Florian Möller, Matthias Mülke, Christian Heiß, Gero Knapp, and G. Szalay
Subjects: Ulnar styloid process, 030222 orthopedics, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Hand surgery, 030230 surgery, Wrist, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Hook plate, Orthopedic surgery, medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Surgery, business, Nuclear medicine, Surgical treatment
Abstract: Anatomische Reposition dislozierter Frakturen mittels winkelstabiler Hakenplatte. Operative Revision symptomatischer Pseudarthrosen mit dem Ziel der knochernen Durchbauung. Dislozierte Frakturen des Processus styloideus ulnae mit Beteiligung der Fovea ulnaris. Kombinierte Frakturen mit Instabilitat des distalen Radioulnargelenks sowie symptomatische Pseudarthrosen. Undislozierte Frakturen des Processus styloideus ulnae sowie asymptomatische Pseudarthrosen. Dorsoradialer Zugang zur distalen Ulna zwischen dem 6. Strecksehnenfach und der Sehne des M. flexor carpi ulnaris. Darstellen der Fraktur/Pseudarthrose. Im Falle einer Pseudarthrose ausraumen und anfrischen der Frakturenden. Reposition erfolgt uber die Haken der Platte, ggf. zusatzliche Anlagerung autologer Spongiosa bei Pseudarthrosen. Fixierung der Platte uber das Gleitloch und anschliesendes Besetzen der winkelstabilen Schraubenlocher. Je nach Begleitverletzung Ruhigstellung in Unterarmgipsschiene fur 1 bis 2 Wochen. Aktive Bewegungsubungen der Finger ab dem 1. postoperativen Tag, ggf. Lymphdrainage. Nach knocherner Durchbauung Belastungsaufbau unter ergotherapeutischer Anleitung. Die knocherne Heilung konnte bei 100 % unserer Falle erreicht werden. Die operative Behandlung sowohl symptomatischer Pseudarthrosen als auch dislozierter Frakturen des Processus styloideus ulnae mittels winkelstabiler Hakenplatte hat sich in der Anwendung bewahrt.
Published: 2021
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34. Opportunities for Improvement in the Administration of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for <scp>T4</scp> Breast Cancer: A Comparison of the U.S. and Nigeria

Author: Benjamin O. Anderson, Adewale O. Adisa, T. Peter Kingham, Ngozi R. Monu, Emmanuella Onabanjo, Adeleye D. Omisore, Mary L. Gemignani, Olusegun I. Alatise, Adeolu O. Arowolo, O C Famurewa, Oluwole O. Odujoko, Debra A. Goldman, Gregory C. Knapp, Olalekan Olasehinde, Jeremy Constable, and Anya Romanoff
Subjects: Global Health and Cancer, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Psychological intervention, Nigeria, Breast Neoplasms, Multimodality Therapy, Systemic therapy, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, Internal medicine, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Socioeconomic status, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Chemotherapy, business.industry, Cancer, medicine.disease, Neoadjuvant Therapy, Cross-Sectional Studies, Treatment Outcome, Oncology, Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, business, Psychosocial
Abstract: Background Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is an integral component of T4 breast cancer (BCa) treatment. We compared response to NAC for T4 BCa in the U.S. and Nigeria to direct future interventions. Materials and Methods Cross-sectional retrospective analysis included all patients with non-metastatic T4 BCa treated from 2010 to 2016 at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (New York, New York) and Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (Ile Ife, Nigeria). Pathologic complete response (pCR) and survival were compared and factors contributing to disparities evaluated. Results Three hundred and eight patients met inclusion criteria: 157 (51%) in the U.S. and 151 (49%) in Nigeria. All U.S. patients received NAC and surgery compared with 93 (62%) Nigerian patients. Fifty-six out of ninety-three (60%) Nigerian patients completed their prescribed course of NAC. In Nigeria, older age and higher socioeconomic status were associated with treatment receipt. Fewer patients in Nigeria had immunohistochemistry performed (100% U.S. vs. 18% Nigeria). Of those with available receptor subtype, 18% (28/157) of U.S. patients were triple negative versus 39% (9/23) of Nigerian patients. Overall pCR was seen in 27% (42/155) of U.S. patients and 5% (4/76) of Nigerian patients. Five-year survival was significantly shorter in Nigeria versus the U.S. (61% vs. 72%). However, among the subset of patients who received multimodality therapy, including NAC and surgery with curative intent, 5-year survival (67% vs. 72%) and 5-year recurrence-free survival (48% vs. 61%) did not significantly differ between countries. Conclusion Addressing health system, socioeconomic, and psychosocial barriers is necessary for administration of complete NAC to improve BCa outcomes in Nigeria. Implications for Practice This cross-sectional retrospective analysis of patients with T4 breast cancer in Nigeria and the U.S. found a significant difference in pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (5% Nigeria vs. 27% U.S.). Five-year survival was shorter in Nigeria, but in patients receiving multimodality treatment, including neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery with curative intent, 5-year overall and recurrence-free survival did not differ between countries. Capacity-building efforts in Nigeria should focus on access to pathology services to direct systemic therapy and promoting receipt of complete chemotherapy to improve outcomes.
Published: 2021
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35. Comparison of donor scores in bilateral lung transplantation—A large single-center analysis

Author: Konrad Hoetzenecker, Walter Klepetko, Alberto Benazzo, Sylvia Knapp, Stefan Schwarz, Daria Kifjak, Martin L. Watzenböck, Moritz Muckenhuber, Peter Jaksch, and Nina Rahimi
Subjects: donors and donation: donor evaluation, medicine.medical_specialty, Tissue and Organ Procurement, donors and donation, medicine.medical_treatment, Group ii, organ procurement and allocation, Single Center, lung transplantation / pulmonology, Internal medicine, clinical research / practice, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Lung transplantation, organ transplantation in general, Pharmacology (medical), Lung, Retrospective Studies, Mechanical ventilation, Transplantation, Lung donor, business.industry, Graft Survival, Bilateral lung transplantation, Clinical Science, Tissue Donors, Donor lungs, medicine.anatomical_structure, Original Article, ORIGINAL ARTICLES, business, Lung Transplantation
Abstract: Objectifying donor lung quality is difficult and currently there is no consensus. Several donor scoring systems have been proposed in recent years. They all lack large‐scale external validation and widespread acceptance. A retrospective evaluation of 2201 donor lungs offered to the lung transplant program at the Medical University of Vienna between January 2010 and June 2018 was performed. Five different lung donor scores were calculated for each offer (Oto, ET, MALT, UMN‐DLQI, and ODSS). Prediction of organ utilization, 1‐year graft survival, and long‐term outcome were analyzed for each score. 1049 organs were rejected at the initial offer (group I), 209 lungs declined after procurement (group II), and 841 lungs accepted and transplanted (group III). The Oto score was superior in predicting acceptance of the initial offer (AUC: 0.795; CI: 0.776–0.815) and actual donor utilization (AUC: 0.660; CI: 0.618–0.701). Prediction of 1‐year graft survival was best using the MALT score, Oto score, and UMN‐DLQI. Stratification of early outcome by MALT was significant for length of mechanical ventilation (LMV), PGD3 rates, ICU stay and hospital stay, and in‐hospital‐mortality, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the largest validation analysis comparing currently available donor scores. The Oto score was superior in predicting organ utilization, and MALT score and UMN‐DLQI for predicting outcome after lung transplantation., In this large retrospective analysis, the authors compare several available donor scores and their utility in predicting lung offer acceptance, lung utilization, and postoperative outcomes.
Published: 2021
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36. Pyrosilviculture Needed for Landscape Resilience of Dry Western United States Forests

Author: Gavin M. Jones, Eric E. Knapp, H McCann, Ryan E. Tompkins, Brandon M. Collins, Robert A. York, Marc D. Meyer, Leda N. Kobziar, Carmen L. Tubbesing, Scott L. Stephens, Matthew D. Hurteau, and Malcolm P. North
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Geography, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Forestry, Plant Science, business, Resilience (network), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: A significant increase in treatment pace and scale is needed to restore dry western US forest resilience owing to increasingly frequent and severe wildfire and drought. We propose a pyrosilviculture approach to directly increase large-scale fire use and modify current thinning treatments to optimize future fire incorporation. Recommendations include leveraging wildfire’s “treatment” in areas burned at low and moderate severity with subsequent pyrosilviculture management, identifying managed wildfire zones, and facilitating and financing prescribed fire with “anchor,” “ecosystem asset,” and “revenue” focused thinning treatments. Pyrosilviculture would also expand prescribed-burn and managed-wildfire objectives to include reducing stand density, increasing forest heterogeneity, and selecting for tree species and phenotypes better adapted to changing climate and disturbance regimes. The potential benefits and limitations of this approach are discussed. Fire is inevitable in dry western US forests and pyrosilviculture focuses on proactively shifting more of that fire into managed large-scale burns needed to restore ecosystem resilience.
Published: 2021
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37. Why Coordinated Distributed Experiments Should Go Global

Author: Scott L. Collins, Juan Manuel PiÑEiro-Guerra, Laura Yahdjian, Alan K. Knapp, Melinda D. Smith, Osvaldo E. Sala, and Richard P. Phillips
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Environmental science, Climate change, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, business, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The performance of coordinated distributed experiments designed to compare ecosystem sensitivity to global-change drivers depends on whether they cover a significant proportion of the global range of environmental variables. In the present article, we described the global distribution of climatic and soil variables and quantified main differences among continents. Then, as a test case, we assessed the representativeness of the International Drought Experiment (IDE) in parameter space. Considering the global environmental variability at this scale, the different continents harbor unique combinations of parameters. As such, coordinated experiments set up across a single continent may fail to capture the full extent of global variation in climate and soil parameter space. IDE with representation on all continents has the potential to address global scale hypotheses about ecosystem sensitivity to environmental change. Our results provide a unique vision of climate and soil variability at the global scale and highlight the need to design globally distributed networks.
Published: 2021
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38. Hearing and reading: responding to the Articles of Perth in the 1618 court sermons of Lancelot Andrewes and John Buckeridge

Author: Travis J. Knapp
Subjects: Literature, Literature and Literary Theory, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Reading (process), Art, business, media_common
Published: 2021
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39. Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial

Author: Obbina Abani, Ali Abbas, Fatima Abbas, Mustafa Abbas, Sadia Abbasi, Hakam Abbass, Alfie Abbott, Nabeel Abdallah, Ashraf Abdelaziz, Mohamed Abdelfattah, Bushra Abdelqader, David Abdo, Basir Abdul, Althaf Abdul Rasheed, Ajibode Abdulakeem, Rezan Abdul-Kadir, Amina Abdulle, Abdulfatahi Abdulmumeen, Rasheed Abdul-Raheem, Niyaz Abdulshukkoor, Kula Abdusamad, Yazeed Abed El Khaleq, Mai Abedalla, Abeer Ul Amna Abeer Ul Amna, Katrina Abernethy, Adebanke Aboaba, Hani Abo-Leyah, Ahmed Abou-Haggar, Mahmoud Abouibrahim, Miriam Abraham, Tizzy Abraham, Abraheem Abraheem, Judith Abrams, Hyacinth-John Abu, Ahmed Abu-Arafeh, Syed M Abubacker, Akata Abung, Yaa Aceampong, Amaka Achara, Devikumar Acharya, Sarah Acheampong, Janet Acheson, Andres Acosta, Catherine Acton, Jacqueline Adabie-Ankrah, Sara Adair, Fiona Adam, Matthew Adam, Huzaifa Adamali, Carol Adams, Charlotte Adams, Kate Adams, Lisa Adams, Richard Adams, Tim Adams, Kirsty Adcock, Jemaimah Addai, Ade Adebiyi, Ken Adegoke, Vicki Adell, Debo Ademokun, Sherna Adenwalla, Oluwasegun A Adesemoye, Emmanuel O Adewunmi, Joyce Adeyemi, Rina Adhikary, Gabrielle Adkins, Adnan Adnan, John Aeron-Thomas, Debbie Affleck, Dominic Affron, Carmel Afnan, Muhammad Afridi, Zainab A Aftab, Meenakshi Agarwal, Rachel Agbeko, Chris Agbo, Penny Agent, Sunil Aggarwal, Arameh Aghababaie, Shafana Ahamed Sadiq, Mohamed H Ahammed Nazeer, Humayun Ahmad, Mohammad Ahmad, Syed Ahmad, Asim Ahmed, Bilal Ahmed, Forizuddin Ahmed, Hamze Ahmed, Iram Ahmed, Irshad Ahmed, Khaled Ahmed, Liban Ahmed, Mahin Ahmed, Maria C Ahmed, Muhammad S Ahmed, Naseer Ahmed, Nausheen Ahmed, Osama Ahmed, Rajia A Ahmed, Rizwan Ahmed, Saif Ahmed, Sammiya Ahmed, Sara Ahmed, Sophia Ahmed, Syed Ahmed, Syed Haris Ahmed, Roa Ahmed Ali, Sana Ahmed, Sana Ahmer, Dhiraj Ail, Mark Ainsworth, Giulia Airoldi, Myriam Aissa, Lindianne Aitken, Bini Ajay, Francis Ajeneye, Abdulakeem Ajibode, Ayesha Ajmi, Tahir Akbar, Naim Akhtar, Nasim Akhtar, Nauman Akhtar, Suha Akili, Oludoyinsola Akindolie, Yinka Akinfenwa, Olugbenga Akinkugbe, Ibrahim Akinpelu, Olajide Akinwumiju, Olugbenro Aktinade, Ahmad Al Aaraj, Asma Al Balushi, Majd Al Dakhola, Aladdin Al Swaifi, Eslam Al-Abadi, Narendra Aladangady, Ayaz Alam, Sajid Alam, Abbas Al-Asadi, Karina Al-Asadi, Kyriaki Alatzoglou, Manaf Al-Bayati, Paul Albert, Lorraine Albon, Gemma Alcorn, Stephen Alcorn, Aggie Aldana, David Alderdice, Rayan Aldouri, Jonathan Aldridge, Nicolas Aldridge, Ana Alegria, Alison Alexander, John Alexander, Peter D G Alexander, Charlotte Alford, Julyan Al-Fori, Laith Alghazawi, Bahij Al-Hakim, Shams Al-Hity, Ali Ali, Asad Ali, Fawzia R Ali, Hoodo Ali, Jawad Ali, Mariam Ali, Mohammad Ali, Nayab Ali, Oudai Ali, Sabira Ali, Sakina Ali, Syed Ali, Abid Alina, Fine Aliyuda, Katrin Alizadeh, Maithem Al-Jibury, Saba Al-Juboori, Majid Al-Khalil, Moutaz Alkhusheh, Allameddine Allameddine, Fiona Allan, Rachel Allan, Alison Allanson, Robert Allcock, Beverley Allen, Eireann Allen, Jess Allen, Kerry Allen, Laura Allen, Louise Allen, Poppy Allen, Rebecca Allen, Sam Allen, Sharon Allen, Simon Allen, Kathryn Allison, Bethan Allman, Lynne Allsop, Hassan Al-Moasseb, Magda Al-Obaidi, Lina Alomari, Akram Al-Rabahi, Bahar Al-Ramadhani, Zayneb Al-Saadi, Inji Alshaer, Rustam Al-Shahi Salman, Warkaq Al-Shamkhani, Bashar Al-Sheklly, Sara Altaf, Mary Alvarez, Balaal Alyas, Maysaa Alzetani, Susan Amamou, Noor Amar, Sakkarai Ambalavanan, Sarah-Jayne Ambler, Robert Ambrogetti, Chris Ambrose, Amir Ameen, Kenneth Amenyah, Maria R Amezaga, Allison Amin, Amina Amin, Kanish Amin, Syed Amin, Tara Amin, Amjad Amjad, Neelma Amjad, Mariam Ammoun, Victoria Amosun, Khaled Amsha, Pugh Amy, Atul Anand, Rekha Anand, Samantha Anandappa, Julie Anderson, Kevin Anderson, Laura Anderson, Michelle Anderson, Nicola Anderson, Rachel Anderson, Rory Anderson, Wendy Anderson, Prematie Andreou, Angela Andrews, Antonette Andrews, Jill Andrews, Susan Andrews, Gregory Andrikopoulos, Kanayochukwu Aneke, Andrew Ang, Wan Wei Ang, Tammy Angel, Aramburo Angela, Paola Angelini, Lazarus Anguvaa, Oleg Anichtchik, Millicent Anim-Somuah, Krishnan Aniruddhan, Jessica Annett, Patrick J Anstey, Rebekah Anstey, Alpha Anthony, Aaron Anthony-Pillai, Philip Antill, Zhelyazkova Antonina, Varghese Anu, Muhammad Anwar, George Apostolides, Aristeidis Apostolopoulos, Sarah Appleby, Diane Appleyard, Maia Far Aquino, Bianca Araba, Samuel Aransiola, Mariana Araujo, Emily Arbon, Ann Archer, Denise Archer, Simon Archer, Christian Ardley, Ana-Maria Arias, Ryoki Arimoto, Charlotte Arkley, Charlotte Armah, Ilianna Armata, Adam Armitage, Ceri Armstrong, Maureen Armstrong, Sonia Armstrong, Sylvia Armstrong-Fisher, Philippa Armtrong, Heike Arndt, Clare Arnison-Newgass, David Arnold, Rachael Arnold, Sarah Arnott, Dhawal Arora, Kavan Arora, Pardeep Arora, Rishi Arora, Andrea Arroyo, Arslam Arter, Ayush Arya, Rita Arya, Denisa Asandei, Adeeba Asghar, Catherine Ashbrook-Raby, Glen Ashby, Helen Ashby, Jan Ashcroft, John Ashcroft, Samuel Ashcroft, Deborah Asher, Ayesha Ashfaq, Ben Ashford, Suhail Ashgar, Abdul Ashish, Sally Ashman-Flavell, Sundar Ashok, Abd-El-Aziz Ashour, Muhammad Z Ashraf, Saima Ashraf, Mohammad B Ashraq, Deborah Ashton, Susan Ashton, Andrew Ashworth, Rebecca Ashworth, Arshia Aslam, Harshini Asogan, Abigail Asquith, Atif Asrar, Omar Assaf, Raine Astin-Chamberlain, Richard Athay-Hunt, Deborah Athorne, Billie Atkins, Christopher Atkins, Stacey Atkins, John Atkinson, Vicki Atkinson, Brygitta Atraskiewicz, Claire Atterbury, Abdul Ahmad Attia, Rita Atugonza, Paula Aubrey, Avinash Aujayeb, Aye Chan Thar Aung, Hnin Aung, Kyaw Thu Aung, Ni Aung, Yin Aung, Zaw Myo Aung, Emily Austin, Karen Austin, Abdusshakur Auwal, Miriam Avery, Joanne Avis, Georgina Aviss, Cristina Avram, Paula Avram, Gabriel Awadzi, Atia Awan, Aszad Aya, Eman Ayaz, Amanda Ayers, Jawwad Azam, Mohammed Azharuddin, Ghazala Aziz, N Aziz, Ali Azkoul, Ashaari Azman Shah, Giada Azzopardi, Hocine Azzoug, Fiyinfoluwa Babatunde, Melvin Babi, Babiker Babiker, Gayna Babington, Matthew Babirecki, Marta Babores, Adetona O Babs-Osibodu, Sammy Bacciarelli, Roudi Bachar, Gina Bacon, Jenny Bacon, Bibi Badal, Gurpreet R Badhan, Shreya Badhrinarayanan, Joseph P Bae, Sibel Bafekr Mishamandani, Alice Baggaley, Amy Baggott, Graham Bagley, Dinesh Bagmane, Lynsey Bagshaw, Kasra Bahadori, James Bailey, Katie Bailey, Lindsey Bailey, Liz Bailey, Morgan Bailey, Pippa Bailey, Sarah Bailey, Stephen Bailey, Hamish Baillie, J Kenneth Baillie, Jennifer Bain, Sanchia Baines, Vikram Bains, Aimi Baird, David Baird, Susan Baird, Tracy Baird, Yolanda Baird, Aiysha Bajandouh, Charles Baker, Emma Baker, Evelyn Baker, Johanne Baker, Josephine Baker, Kenneth Baker, Rebecca Baker, Terri-Anne Baker, Victoria Baker, Hugh Bakere, Nawar Bakerly, Michelle Baker-Moffatt, Nauman Bakhtiar, Panos Bakoulas, Julie Balaam, Niranjan Balachandran, Andrea Balan, Theodosios Balaskas, Madhu Balasubramaniam, Alison Balcombe, Alexander Baldwin, Ashley Baldwin, Caron Baldwin, Danielle Baldwin, Rebekah Baldwin-Jones, James Balfour, Gagan Bali, Sonya Balkee, Ceri Ball, Kasia Ballard, Amy Ballinger, Ismael Balluz, Craig Balmforth, Emese Balogh, Amir Baluwala, Gabby Bambridge, Alasdair Bamford, Amy Bamford, Peter Bamford, Adefunke Bamgboye, Elizabeth Bancroft, Hollie Bancroft, Tanya Bancroft, Joyce Banda, Krishna Bandaru, Srini Bandi, Nageswar Bandla, Somaditya Bandyopadhyam, Amit Banerjee, Millie Banerjee, Ritwik Banerjee, Harrison Banks, Lauren Banks, Luke Banks, Paul Banks, Oliver Bannister, Bharat Bansal, Robert Banthorpe, Laura Banton, Mariamma Baptist, Tanya Baqai, Ananya Mouli Baral, Desislava Baramova, Alex Barber, Russel Barber, Emma Barbon, Miriam Barbosa, Monica Barbosa, Jamie Barbour, Alexander Barclay, Claire Barclay, George Bardsley, Stephanie Bareford, Shahedal Bari, Amy Barker, Debbie Barker, Helen Barker, Joseph Barker, Leon Barker, Oliver Barker, Kerry Barker-Williams, Sinha Barkha, Juliana Barla, Gavin Barlow, Richard Barlow, Valerie Barlow, James Barnacle, Alex Barnard, Debi Barnes, Nicky Barnes, Theresa Barnes, Calum Barnetson, Amy Barnett, Matthew Barnett, Ashton Barnett-Vanes, William Barnsley, Andrew Barr, David Barr, Shaney Barratt, Manuella Barrera, Amy Barrett, Fiona Barrett, Jessica Barrett, Joe Barry, Jazz Bartholomew, Claire Bartlett, Georgina Bartlett, Greg Barton, Jill Barton, Lorna Barton, Rachael Barton, Rosaleen Baruah, Sonia Baryschpolec, Archana Bashyal, Betsy Basker, Ayten Basoglu, Gilda Bass, John Bassett, G Bassett, Chris Bassford, Pavinder Bassi, Betsy Bassis, Bengisu Bassoy, Victoria Bastion, Anupam Basumatary, Tristan Bate, Harry J Bateman, Ian Bateman, Kathryn Bateman, Vhairi Bateman, Eleanor Bates, Hayley Bates, Michelle Bates, Simon Bates, Sally Batham, Ana Batista, Amit Batla, Dushyant Batra, Donna Batty, Harry Batty, Thomas Batty, Peter Baughan, Miranda Baum, Carina Bautista, Fareha Bawa, Fatima S Bawani, Simon Bax, Lydia Baxter, Matt Baxter, Nicola Baxter, Zachary Baxter, Hannah Bayes, Charlotte Baylem, Lee Bayliss, Eileen Bays, Farid Bazari, Rohit Bazaz, Ahmad Bazli, Laura Beacham, Wendy Beadles, Philip Beak, Andy Beale, Kirk Beard, Jack Bearpark, Karen Beaumont, Dawn Beaumont-Jewell, Theresa Beaver, Sarah Beavis, Christy Beazley, Sarah Beck, Virginia Beckett, Rosie Beckitt, Heidi Beddall, Seonaid Beddows, Deborah Beeby, Gail Beech, Michelle Beecroft, Sally Beer, Jane Beety, Gabriela Bega, Alison Begg, Susan Begg, Sara Beghini, Ayesha Begum, Salman Begum, Selina Begum, Teresa Behan, Jasmine Beharry, Roya Behrouzi, Jon Beishon, Claire Beith, James Belcher, Holly Belfield, Katherine Belfield, Ajay Belgaumkar, Dina Bell, Gareth Bell, Gill Bell, Gillian Bell, Joshua Bell, Lauren Bell, Louise Bell, Nicholas Bell, Pippa Bell, Stephanie Bell, Jennifer L Bell, Jennifer Bellamu, Mary Bellamy, Arianna Bellini, Amanda Bellis, Fionn Bellis, Lesley Bendall, Naveena Benesh, Nicola Benetti, Leonie Benham, Guy Benison-Horner, Alexander Bennett, Ann Bennett, Caroline Bennett, Christopher Bennett, Gillian Bennett, Ian Bennett, Kristopher Bennett, Lorraine Bennett, Sara Bennett, Karen Bennion, Vivienne Benson, Jane Benstead, Andrew Bentley, Dionne Bentley, James Bentley, Ian Benton, Eva Beranova, Matthew Beresford, Colin Bergin, Malin Bergstrom, Jolanta Bernatoniene, Thomas Berriman, Zoe Berry, Marnie Berwick, Kimberley Best, Ans-Mari Bester, Yvonne Beuvink, Emily Bevan, Sarah Bevins, Tom Bewick, Andrew Bexley, Sonay Beyatli, Fenella Beynon, Arjun Bhadi, Sanjay Bhagani, Shiv Bhakta, Rekha Bhalla, Khushpreet Bhandal, Kulbinder Bhandal, Ashwin Bhandari, Sangam Bhandari, Aashutosh Bhanot, Ravina Bhanot, Sruti Bhaskara, Prashanth Bhat, Nikhil Bhatia, Rahul Bhatnagar, Karan Bhatt, Janki Bhayani, Deepika Bhojwani, Salimuzzaman Bhuiyan, Anna Bibby, Fatima Bibi, Naheeda Bibi, Salma Bibi, Tihana Bicanic, Sarah Bidgood, Julie Bigg, Sarah Biggs, Alphonsa Biju, Andras Bikov, Sophie Billingham, Jessica Billings, Carron Bilton, Teodirico Binas, Martin Binney, Alice Binns, Muhammad BinRofaie, Oliver Bintcliffe, Catherine Birch, Jenny Birch, Louann Birch, Janet Birchall, Katherine Birchall, Sam Bird, Sumedha Bird, Charndip Biring, Mark Birt, Raquel Bisa, Kilanalei Bishop, Linda Bishop, Lisa Bishop, Karen Bisnauthsing, Nibedan Biswas, Sahar Biuk, Karen Blachford, Ethel Black, Helen Black, Karen Black, Mairead Black, Polly Black, Hayley Blackgrove, Bethan Blackledge, Joanne Blackler, Samantha Blackley, Helen Blackman, Stuart Blackmore, Caroline Blackstock, Loraine Blackwood, Francesca Blakemore, Helen Blamey, Alison Bland, Sujata Blane, Simon Blankley, Mary Blanton, Parry Blaxill, Jenny Blaxland, Katie Blaylock, Jane Blazeby, Carol Blears, Natalie Blencowe, Donna Blofield, Ben Bloom, Jack Bloomfield, Angela Bloss, Hannah Bloxham, Louise Blundell, Andrew Blunsum, Mark Blunt, Ian Blyth, Kevin Blyth, Andrew Blythe, Karen Blythe, Marilyn Boampoaa, Boniface Bobie, Karen Bobruk, Pritesh Bodalia, Neena Bodasing, Tanya Bodenham, Sherin Bodh, Gabriele Boehmer, Marta Boffito, Kristyna Bohmova, Sumit Bokhandi, Maria Bokhar, Saba Bokhari, Sakina Bokhari, Syed Owais Bokhari, Ambrose Boles, Sarah Bollington, Sam Bolton, Charlotte Bomken, Charlotte Bond, Hayley Bond, Helena Bond, Stuart Bond, Thomas Bond, Alice Bone, Georgia Boniface, Wendy Bonnert, Lizzy Bonney, Leigh Boorman, Catherine Booth, Joanne Borbone, Cameron Borhani, Naomi Borman, Rachel Borrell, Mamu Boshir, Fiona Bottrill, Laura Bough, Hayley Boughton, Zoe Boult, Miriam Bourke, Stephen Bourke, Michelle Bourne, Rachel Bousfield, Lucy Boustred, Darren Bowen, Kaye Bowen, Alexandra Bowes, Amy Bowes, Philip Bowker, Louise Bowman, Simon Bowman, Rachel Bowmer, Angie Bowring, Geoff Bowyer, Helen Bowyer, Carmel Boyd, Jenny Boyd, Laura Boyd, Maxine Boyd, Namoi Boyle, Pauline Boyle, Rosalind Boyle, Louise Boyles, Osman Bozdag, Leanna Brace, David Brack, Charlotte Brackstone, Rob Bradburn, Jodie Bradder, Barry Bradley, Clare Jane Bradley, Pamela Bradley, Patrick Bradley, Paul Bradley, Joanne Bradley-Potts, Lynne Bradshaw, Sarah Bradshaw, Zena Bradshaw, Rebecca Brady, Shirin Brady, Denise Braganza, Suhail Brailsford, Jill Braithwaite, Marie Branch, Thomas Brankin-Frisby, Jamie Brannigan, Louise Brassington, Sophie Brattan, Fiona Bray, Nancy Bray, Angela Brazier, Manny Brazil, Lucy Brear, Tracy Brear, Stephen Brearey, Laura Bremner, Morwenna Brend, Giovanna Bretland, Chris Brewer, Hannah Bridge, Gavin Bridgwood, Hayley Briggs, Mark Briggs, Sara Brigham, John Bright, Chris Brightling, Lutece Brimfield, Elaine Brinkworth, Robin Brittain-Long, Vianne Britten, Terri Brittin, Lauren Broad, Sarah Broad, Rosie Broadhurst, Andrew Broadley, Marie Broadway, Christopher Brockelsby, Megan Brocken, Tomos Brockley, Andrew Broderick, Mary Brodsky, Fiona Brogan, David Broggio, Liz Brohan, Felicity Brokke, Jacob Brolly, David Bromley, Hannah Brooke-Ball, Verity Brooker, Ceri Brookes, Matthew Brookes, Alison Brooks, Karen Brooks, Nicole Brooks, Philip Brooks, Rachel Brooks, Sophie Brooks, Natalie Broomhead, Chloe Broughton, Nathaniel Broughton, Matt Brouns, Marie Browett, Alison Brown, Ammani Brown, Carly Brown, Catrin Brown, Chloe Brown, Elizabeth Brown, Ellen Brown, Heather Brown, Janet Brown, Louise Brown, Niall Brown, Pauline Brown, Rachel Brown, Richard Brown, Robert Brown, Steven Brown, Tom Brown, Wayne Brown, Bria Browne, Charlotte Browne, Duncan Browne, Mitchell Browne, Stephen Brownlee, Alba Brraka, David Bruce, Johanna Bruce, Michelle Bruce, Wojciech Brudlo, Nigel Brunskill, Alan Brunton, Margaret Brunton, Mandy Bryan, Meera Bryant, April Buazon, Maya Buch, Julie Buchan, Ruaridh Buchan, Alexis Buchanan, Ruaridh Buchanan, Danielle Buche, Amanda Buck, Matthew Buckland, Laura Buckley, Philip Buckley, Sarah Buckley, Carol Buckman, Kathleen Buckmire, George Bugg, Ramadan Bujazia, Marwan Bukhari, Shanze Bukhari, Richard Bulbulia, Alex Bull, Damian Bull, Rhian Bull, Thomas Bull, Naomi Bulteel, Kasun Bumunarachchi, Roneleeh Bungue-Tuble, Caroline Burchett, Dorota Burda, Christy Burden, Thomas G Burden, Mika Burgess, Paula Burgess, Richard Burgess, Sophia Burgess, Paula Burgett, Adrian Burman, Sara Burnard, Caroline Burnett, John Burnett, Amanda Burns, Amy Burns, Collette Burns, James Burns, Karen Burns, Samuel Burns, Sarah Burns, Daniel Burrage, Sadie Burrage, Kate Burrows, Claire Burston, Ben Burton, Fiona Burton, Matthew Burton, Angela Busby, Deborah Butcher, Aaron Butler, Jessica Butler, Joanne Butler, Joshua Butler, Lesley Butler, Peter Butler, Susan Butler, Al-Tahoor Butt, Mohammad M Butt, Sophia Butt, Caryl Butterworth, Nicola Butterworth-Cowin, Robert Buttery, Tom Buttle, Heather Button, Daniel Buttress, Jane Byrne, Wendy Byrne, Victoria Byrne-Watts, Eleanor Byworth, Amanda Cabandugama, Ruth Cade, Anthony Cadwgan, Donna Cairney, James Calderwood, Darren Caldow, Moira Caldwell, Giorgio Calisti, Debbie Callaghan, Jennifer Callaghan, Claire Callens, Donaldson Callum, Caroline Calver, Melissa Cambell-Kelly, Tracey Camburn, David R Cameron, Eleanor Cameron, Fraser Cameron, Sarah Cameron, Sheena Cameron, Christian Camm, Renee F D Cammack, Alison Campbell, Amy Campbell, Barbara Campbell, Bridget Campbell, Debbie Campbell, Helen Campbell, Hilary Campbell, Jonathan Campbell, Mark Campbell, Robyn Campbell, Wynny Campbell, Quentin Campbell Hewson, Julie Camsooksai, Ana Canabarro, Lisa Canclini, Shaula Mae Candido, Janie Candlish, Cielito Caneja, Johnathon Cann, Ruby Cannan, Emma Cannon, Michael Cannon, Petra Cannon, Vivienne Cannons, Jane Cantliff, Ben Caplin, Santino Capocci, Noemi Caponi, Angelika Capp, Anne Capps-Jenner, Thomas Capstick, Ishmael Carboo, Nuria Cardenas, Mary Cardwell, Rachel Carey, Simon Carley, Tammy Carlin, Andrew Carlton, Samantha Carmichael, Mandy Carnahan, Rebecca Carnegie, Charlotte Caroline, Emily Carpenter, Jodi Carpenter, David Carr, Sharon Carr, Anna Carrasco, Samantha Carrington, Zoe Carrington, Paul Carroll, Caroline Carron, Anne Carstairs, Jonathan Carter, Michael Carter, Moira Carter, Paul Carter, Penny Carter, Steven Carter, Simon Carter-Graham, Douglas Cartwright, Jo-Anne Cartwright, Claire Carty, Sinead Carty, Jaime Carungcong, Carolyn Carveth-Marshall, Susan Casey, Annie Cassells, Barbara Cassimon, Teresa Castiello, Gail Castle, Bridget Castles, Melanie Caswell, Ana Maria Catana, Heidi Cate, Susanne Cathcart, Katrina Cathie, Christine Catley, Laura Catlow, Matthew Caudwell, Jill Caulfield, Anna Cavazza, Luke Cave, Simon Cavinato, Frianne Cawa, Kathryn Cawley, Chloe Caws, Hankins Cendl, Hannah Century, Jeva Cernova, Mansur Cesay, Ed Cetti, Stephanie Chabane, Manish Chablani, Cathleen Chabo, David Chadwick, Julie Chadwick, Robert Chadwick, Ela Chakkarapani, Arup Chakraborty, Mallinath Chakraborty, Mollika Chakravorty, James Chalmers, Richard Chalmers, Georgina Chamberlain, Sarah Chamberlain, Emma Chambers, Jonathan Chambers, Lucy Chambers, Naomi Chambers, Alex Chan, Carmen Chan, Cheuk Chan, Evelyn Chan, Kayen Chan, Kimberley Chan, Ping Chan, Rebekah (Pui-Ching) Chan, Xin Hui Chan, Chris Chandler, Heidi Chandler, Kim J Chandler, Stuart Chandler, Zoe Chandler, Vikki Chandler-Vizard, Sumit Chandra, Navin Chandran, Badrinathan Chandrasekaran, Cherry Chang, Yvonne Chang, Josephine Chaplin, Graeme Chapman, John Chapman, Katie Chapman, Laura Chapman, Lianne Chapman, Polly Chapman, Timothy Chapman, Lucy Chappell, Linda Chapple, Amanda Charalambou, Bethan Charles, Dianne Charlton, Sally Charlton, Kevin Chatar, Calvin Chatha, Ritesh Chaube, Muhammad YN Chaudhary, Iram Chaudhry, Nazia Chaudhuri, Muhammad Chaudhury, Anoop Chauhan, Ruchi S Chauhan, Vipul Chauhan, Nicola Chavasse, Iknam Chaven, Rosanna Chavez, Vipal Chawla, Maria Cheadle, Lindsay Cheater, James Cheaveau, Charlotte Cheeld, Michelle Cheeseman, Fang Chen, Hui Min Chen, Terence Chen, Lok Yin Cheng, Zhihang Cheng, Helen Chenoweth, Chun How Cheong, Shiney Cherian, Suzanne Cherif, Mary Cherrie, Helen Cheshire, Barry Chesterson, Betty Cheung, Chee Kay Cheung, Elaine Cheung, Michelle Cheung, Claire Cheyne, Swati Chhabra, Wei Ling Chia, Eric Chiang, Angela Chiapparino, Rosavic Chicano, Zviedzo A Chikwanha, Sam Chilcott, Phillipa Chimbo, KokWai Chin, Wen Jie Chin, Rumbidzai Chineka, Amol Chingale, Karen Chinn, Vashira Chiroma, Heather Chisem, Claire Chisenga, Ben Chisnall, Carolyn Chiswick, Sunder Chita, Nihil Chitalia, Matthew Chiu, Brenda Chivima, Catherine Chmiel, Soha Choi, Willy Choon Kon Yune, Vandana Choudhary, Sarah Choudhury, Bing-Lun Chow, Fateha Chowdhury, Mahibbur Chowdhury, Shahid Chowdhury, Victoria Christenssen, Peter Christian, Alexander Christides, Fiona Christie, Daniel Christmas, Thereza Christopherson, Mark Christy, Paris Chrysostomou, Yunli Chua, Shabs Chucha, Dip Chudgar, Richard Chudleigh, Srikanth Chukkambotla, Michael E Chukwu, Izu Chukwulobelu, Chi Y Chung, Ben Church, Elaine Church, Sara R Church, David Churchill, Nicole Cianci, Nick Ciccone, Paola Cicconi, Paola Cinardo, Zdenka Cipinova, Bessie Cipriano, Sarah Clamp, Melanie Clapham, Edel Clare, Sarbjit Clare, Andrew Clark, Charlotte Clark, Diane Clark, Felicity Clark, Gabrielle Clark, James Clark, Katherine Clark, Kaylea Clark, Louise Clark, Lucy Clark, Matthew Clark, Patricia Clark, Richard Clark, Thomas Clark, Wendy Clark, Zoe Clark, Andrea Clarke, Heather Clarke, Mark Clarke, Paul Clarke, Robert Clarke, Roseanne Clarke, Samantha Clarke, Sarah Clarke, Sheron Clarke, Tracy Clarke, Andrew Clarkson, Alleyna Claxton, Kate Clay, Elizabeth Clayton, Olivia Clayton, Jill Clayton-Smith, Chris Cleaver, Carlota Clemente de la Torre, Jayne Clements, Suzanne Clements, Francesca Clemons, Lee Clifford, Lynne Clifford, Rachael Clifford, Sarah Clifford, Amelia Clive, Jonathan Clouston, Samantha Clueit, Andrea Clyne, Michelle Coakley, Peter G L Coakley, Tony Coates, Kathryn Cobain, Alexandra Cochrane, Patricia Cochrane, Maeve Cockerell, Helen Cockerill, Shirley Cocks, Rachel Codling, Adam Coe, Samantha Coetzee, David Coey, Danielle Cohen, Jonathan Cohen, Oliver Cohen, Mike Cohn, Louise Coke, Olutoyin Coker, Nicholas Colbeck, Roghan Colbert, Carol Cole, Esther Cole, Jade Cole, Joby Cole, Julie Cole, Richard Cole, Sue Cole, Garry Coleman, Matt Coleman, Holly Coles, Rebecca Coles, Macleod Colin, Alicia Colino-Acevedo, Julie Colley, Dawn Collier, Heather Collier, Paul Collini, Emma Collins, Jaimie Collins, Joanne Collins, Nicola Collins, Sally Collins, Vicky Collins, Andrew Collinson, Bernadette Collinson, Jennifer Collinson, Matthew Collis, Madeleine Colmar, Hayley E Colton, James Colton, Katie Colville, Carolyn Colvin, Ryan Colwell, Edward Combes, David Comer, Alison Comerford, Mike Comery, Dónal Concannon, Robin Condliffe, Lynne Connell, Natalie Connell, Karen Connelly, Gavin Connolly, Mireille Connolly, Emma Connor, Samantha Conran, Antonia Conroy, Veronica Conteh, Rory Convery, Camilla Conway, Francesca Conway, Grainne Conway, Rhiannon Conway, Jo-Anna Conyngham, Colette Cook, Eloise Cook, Gemma Cook, Helen Cook, Julie Cook, Danielle Cooke, Graham Cooke, Katrina Cooke, Soo Cooke, Tim Cooke, Adele Cooper, Alison Cooper, Chris Cooper, David Cooper, Helen Cooper, Jamie Cooper, Joanne Cooper, Joshua Cooper, Laura Cooper, Lauren Cooper, Nick Cooper, Rowena Cooper, Emma Cooperwaite, Thomas Cope, Sinead Corbet, Carolyn Corbett, John Corcoran, Chris Cordell, Jessica Cordle, Alasdair Corfield, John Corless, Alison Corlett, Joe Cornwell, Michael Cornwell, Diana Corogeanu, Mirella Corredera, Ruth Corrigan, Catherine Corry, Rita Corser, Denise Cosgrove, Tracey Cosier, Patricia Costa, Charlie Coston, Susannah Cotgrove, Zoe Coton, Lisa-Jayne Cottam, Rhiannon Cotter, Donna Cotterill, Alice Cotton, Caroline Cotton, Katy Cotton, Andrew Coull, James Coulson, David Counsell, David Counter, Cherry Coupland, Ellie Courtney, Julia Courtney, Rebecca Cousins, Alexander Cowan, Elena Cowan, Ruth Cowburn, Richard Cowell, Louise Cowen, Steve Cowman, Amanda Cowton, Debra Anne Cox, Ellie Cox, Giles Cox, Karina Cox, Miriam Cox, Karen Coy, Beverly Craig, Victoria Craig, Felicity Craighead, Matthew Cramp, Beverley Crane, Jacolene Crause, Adrian Crawford, Angie Crawford, Emma Crawford, Isobel Crawford, Richard Crawforth, Sarah Crawshaw, Ben Creagh-Brown, Andrew Creamer, Ryan Creighton, Joanne Cremona, Saveria Cremona, Janet Cresswell, Mark Cribb, Charles Crichton, Declan Crilly, Lauren Crisp, Nikki Crisp, Dominic Crocombe, Maria Croft, Ian Cron, Derrick Crook, Jennifer Crooks, Helen Croot, Harriet Crosby, Sarah Cross, Tim Cross, Amy Crothers, Stephen Crotty, Susan Crouch, Madeleine Crow, Amanda Crowder, Kate Crowley, Teresa Crowley, Rebecca Croysdill, Callum Cruickshank, Conor Cruickshank, Irena Cruickshank, James Cruise, Helen Crumley, Carina Cruz, Trino Cruz Cervera, Dominic Cryans, Guanguo Cui, Helen Cui, Donna Cullen, Lorraine Cullen, Gillian Cummings-Fosong, Marie Cundall, Victoria Cunliffe, Lorraine Cunningham, Neil Cunningham, Nicola Cunningham, Jason Cupitt, Hollie Curgenven, Debra Curley, Gerens Curnow, David Curran, Simon Curran, Craig Currie, Jacqueline Currie, Scarlett Currie, Abi Curtis, Becca Curtis, Jonathan Curtis, Katrina Curtis, Olivia Curtis, Thomas Curtis, Rebecca Cuthbertson, Sean Cutler, Marta Czekaj, Patrycja Czylok, Joana da Rocha, Andrew Dagens, Helen Daggett, Phil Daggett, Jacqui Daglish, Sandeep Dahiya, Helen Dakers-Black, Anne Dale, Katie Dale, Michaela Dale, Sam Dale, Jolyon Dales, Helen Dalgleish, Nikki Dallas, Helen Dallow, Dermot Dalton, Zoe Daly, Akila Danga, Amelia Daniel, Priya Daniel, Allison Daniels, Adela Dann, Sandra Danso-Bamfo, Nimo Daoud, Alex Darbyshire, Janet Darbyshire, Paul Dargan, Paul Dark, Tace Darling, Kate Darlington, Tom Darton, Guledew Darylile, Manjusha Das, Sukamal Das, Martin Daschel, Joanne Dasgin, Dibyendu Datta, Anna Daunt, Emily Davenport, Mark Davey, Michelle Davey, Miriam Davey, Molly Davey, Arlene David, Mini David, Alexander Davidson, Laura Davidson, Neil Davidson, Richard Davidson, Albert Davies, Alison Davies, Amanda Davies, Amy Davies, Angela Davies, Carolyn Davies, Catrin Davies, Cheryl Davies, Drew Davies, Elaine Davies, Ffyon Davies, Helen Davies, James Davies, Jane Davies, Jeni Davies, Jim Davies, Karen Davies, Kelly Davies, Kim Davies, Louisa Davies, Mark Davies, Matthew Davies, Michelle Davies, Nina Davies, Owen Davies, Patrick Davies, Rachel Davies, Rhys Davies, Ruth Davies, Sarah Davies, Simon Davies, Alison Davis, Gwyneth Davis, Illinos Davis, Julie-Ann Davis, Katherine Davis, Peter Davis, Alexander Davison, Sophia Davison, Mark Davy, Christine Dawe, H Dawe, Mark Dawkins, Danielle Dawson, Elizabeth Dawson, Joy Dawson, Susan Dawson, Tom Dawson, Andrew Daxter, Andrew Day, Helena Day, Jacob Day, Jeremy Day, Lynn Day, Jamie D'Costa, Parijat De, Duneesha de Fonseka, Toni de Freitas, Frederico De Santana Miranda, Eleanor de Sausmarez, Shanika de Silva, Thushan de Silva, Jessica De Sousa, Paulo De Sousa, James de Souza, Anthony de Soyza, Natasha de Vere, Johannes de Vos, Bethan Deacon, Sharon Dealing, Anna Dean, Julie Dean, Katrina Dean, Stephen Dean, Tessa Dean, Jill Deane, James Dear, Effie 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Christopher Flood, Ian Floodgate, Vincent Florence, Sharon Floyd, Kelly Flynn, Rachel Flynn, Sara Flynn, Claire Foden, Adama Fofana, Georgina Fogarty, Claire Foley, Paul Foley, Linda Folkes, Daniela Mock Font, Evodian Fonyonga, Aiwyne Foo, Jane Foo, Andrew Foot, Jayne Foot, Jane Forbes, Jamie Ford, Kathy Ford, Jennifer Foreman, Caroline Fornolles, Adam Forrest, Ellie Forsey, Miranda Forsey, Thomas Forshall, Elliot Forster, Julian Forton, Emily Foster, Joseph Foster, Rachel A Foster, Tracy Foster, Theodora Foukanelli, Angela Foulds, Ian Foulds, Folakemi Fowe, Emily Fowler, Robert Fowler, Stephen Fowler, Caroline Fox, Claire Fox, Daniel Fox, Heather Fox, Jonathan Fox, Lauren Fox, Natalie Fox, Olivia Fox, Simon Fox, Sarah-Jane Foxton, Yasin Fozdar, Rebecca Frake, Alex Francioni, Olesya Francis, Rebecca Francis, Sarah Francis, Theodora Francis-Bacon, Jason Frankcam, Helen Frankland, Gayle Franklin, Jessica Franklin, Darron Franks, Catherine Fraser, Laura Fraser, Sharon Frayling, Martyn 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Abrar Gani, Emma-James Garden, Antoni D Gardener, Emma Gardiner, Jill Gardiner, Michael Gardiner, Phil Gardiner, Siobhan Gardiner, Caroline Gardiner-Hill, Jonathan Gardner, Mark Garfield, Atul Garg, Nathan Garlick, Justin Garner, Lucie Garner, Zoe Garner, Kimberley Garnett, Robert Garney, Rosaline Garr, Michael Garstka, Peter Gartan, Florence Garty, Rachel Gascoyne, Hyeriju Gashau, Noha Gasmalseed, Michaela Gaspar, Aoife Gatenby, Erin Gaughan, Alok Gaurav, Mariana Gavrila, Jane Gaylard, Emma Gaywood, Catherine Geddie, Alison Geddis, Ian Gedge, Sarah Gee, Minerva Gellamucho, Karzan Gelly, Leila Gelmon, Sandra Gelves-Zapata, Gemma Genato, Susan Gent, Natalie Geoghegan, Chloe George, Sam George, Tina George, Simon Georges, Domonique Georgiou, Peter Gerard, Leigh Gerdes, Louise Germain, Helen Gerrish, Abel Getachew, Louise Gethin, Hisham Ghanayem, Amardeep Ghattaoraya, Anca Gherman, Alison Ghosh, Justin Ghosh, Sudhamay Ghosh, Sarra Giannopoulou, Malick Gibani, Andrew Gibb, Ben Gibbison, Kerry Gibbons, Alex Gibson, Bethan Gibson, Kimberley Gibson, Kirsty Gibson, Sian Gibson, Cat Gilbert, Jeanette Gilbert, Joanne Gilbert, Kayleigh Gilbert, Sean Gilchrist, Benjamin Giles, Mandy Gill, Rose Gill, Lynne Gill, Paul Gillen, Annelies Gillesen, Katherine Gillespie, Matt Gillespie, Elizabeth Gillham, Andrew Gillian, Deborah Gilliland, Robert Gillott, Danielle Gilmour, Kate Gilmour, Theodora Giokanini-Royal, Anna Gipson, Joanna Girling, Rhian Gisby, Angelena Gkioni, Aikaterini Gkoritsa, Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas, Amy Gladwell, James Glanville, Jessica Glasgow, Susannah Glasgow, Jon Glass, Lynn Glass, Sharon Glaysher, Lisa Gledhill, Ana Glennon, John Glover, Kyle Glover, Jan Glover Bengtsson, Chevanthy Gnanalingam, Julie Goddard, Wendy Goddard, Emily Godden, Jo Godden, Gillian Godding, Emma Godson, Gerry Gogarty, Sukanya Gogoi, Aiky Goh, Rebeca Goiriz, Sriya Gokaraju, Philip Gold, Raphael Goldacre, Arthur Goldsmith, Portia Goldsmith, Darren Gomersall, Lucia Gomez, Raquel 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Rachel Harford, Beverley Hargadon, Carolyn Hargreaves, Emily Hargreaves, James Hargreaves, Alice Harin, Mohammed Haris, Edward Harlock, Sandra Harlow, Paula Harman, Tracy Harman, Mark Harmer, Muhammad A Haroon, Charlie Harper, Fiona Harper, Heather Harper, Melanie Harper, Peter Harper, Rosemary Harper, Sarah Harrhy, Sian Harrington, Yasmin Harrington-Davies, Jade Harris, Jess Harris, John Harris, Laura Harris, Marie-Clare Harris, Naomi Harris, Nichola Harris, Sophie Harris, Alex Harrison, David Harrison, Julie Harrison, Laura Harrison, Melanie Harrison, Rowan Harrison, Susie Harrison, Thomas Harrison, Wendy Harrison, Elizabeth Harrod, Ciaran Hart, Dominic Hart, Lisa Hartley, Rosemary Hartley, Ruth Hartley, Tom Hartley, William Hartrey, Phillipa Hartridge, Stuart Hartshorn, Heli Harvala, Alice Harvey, Angela Harvey, Max Harvey, Catherine Harwood, Helen Harwood, Brigitte Haselden, Kazi Hashem, Mohammed Hashimm, Tadaaki Hashimoto, Imranullah Hashmi, Sarah Haskins, Zena Haslam, Adil Hassan, Ali Hassan, Wagae UI Hassan, Waqar Ul Hassan, Sapna Hassasing, Jane Hassell, Philip Hassell, Alex Hastings, Bethany Hastings, Janice Hastings, Stephanie Hatch, Jonathan Hatton, Sheryl Haviland, May Havinden-Williams, Stefan Havlik, Daniel B Hawcutt, Kadean Hawes, Liz Hawes, Nicola Hawes, Annie Hawkins, Catherine Hawkins, Nancy Hawkins, Tanya Hawkins, Dan Hawley, Ed Hawley-Jones, Edward Haworth, Cathy Hay, Amna Hayat, Jamal Hayat, Mohamed-Riyal Hayathu, Tamsin Haydon, Anne Hayes, Jonas Hayes, Kate Hayes, Melony Hayes, Vanessa Hayes, Fiona Hayes, Patrick Hayle, Chloe Haylett, Antara Hayman, Melanie Hayman, Matthew Haynes, Richard Haynes, Rachel Hayre, Sarah Haysom, James Hayward, Patrick Haywood, Tracy Hazelton, Phoebe Hazenberg, Zhengmai He, Elizabeth Headon, Carrie Heal, Brendan Healy, Amy Hearn, Angela Heath, Rowan Heath, Diane Heaton, Kerry Hebbron, Gemma Hector, Andy Hedges, Katrine Hedges, Cheryl Heeley, Elaine Heeney, Rajdeep Heire, Ulla Hemmila, Cassie Hemmings, Scott 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Susie Holt, Alexandra Holyome, Marie Home, Toni Home, Renate Homewood, Kate Hong, Laura Hontoria del Hoyo, Clare Hooper, Sarah Hoosdally, Samantha Hope, Susan Hope, Bridget Hopkins, Peter W Horby, Stephanie Horler, Anil Hormis, Daniel Hornan, Nicola Hornby, Zoey Horne, Latoya Horsford, Megan Horsford, Mark Horsford, Valana Horsham, Alexander Horsley, Ashley Horsley, Elizabeth Horsley, Sarah Horton, Nicola Horton-Turner, Jane Hosea, Toby Hoskins, Muhammad S Hossain, Rashed Hossain, Leanne Hostler, Maxine Hough, Sarah Hough, Brittany Houghton, Catherine Houghton, Iain Houghton, Kathryn Houghton, Rebecca Houlihan, Angela Houston, Hamish Houston, Tawedzegwa Hove, Roseanna Hovvels, Lee How, Laura Howaniec, Laura Howard, Linda Howard, Lucy Howard, Sarah Howard, Stuart Howard, Richard Howard-Griffin, Alison Howarth, Diane Howarth, Serena Howe, Mark Howells, Lyn Howie, Kerry Howlett, Sophie Howlett, Joanne Hoyle, Josh Hrycaiczuk, Naing Zaya Htoon, Su Htwe, Ying Hu, Chiang Ooi Huah Huah, Abby Huckle, Shahzya Huda, Alison Hudak, Lisa Hudig, Alex Hudson, Cara Hudson, Heather Hudson, Peter Hudson, Oli Hudson, Alison Hufton, Connor Huggins, Alistair Hughes, Eithne Hughes, Emma Hughes, Gareth Hughes, Heather Hughes, Luke Hughes, Rachel Hughes, Rebecca Hughes, Samantha Hughes, Stephen Hughes, Vikki Hughes, Wesley Hughes, Lukas Huhn, Ching Hui, Ruth Hulbert, Diana Hull, Grace Hull, Robert Hull, Amanda Hulme, Peter Hulme, Wendy Hulse, George Hulston, Ryan Hum, Laura Humber, Megan Hume, Charlotte Humphrey, Ismay Humphreys, Alasdair Humphries, Joanne Humphries, Lena Hunold, Fiona Hunt, Kristen Hunt, Luke Hunt, Sophie Hunt, Al Hunter, Alexandra Hunter, Isobel Hunter, Karl Hunter, Neil Hunter, George Huntington, Elizabeth Hurditch, Cian Hurley, Katrina Hurley, Mohammed A Husain, Syeda Yusra Husaini, Coralie Huson, Afreen Hussain, Ibraar Hussain, Ifza Hussain, Mohammad Hussain, Muhammad Hussain, Reda Hussain, Sajid Hussain, Samia Hussain, Sanniah Hussain, Wasim Hussain, Yasmin Hussain, Mohammed Hussam El-Din, Raheem Hussein, Rebecca Hussey, Camille Hutchinson, Dorothy Hutchinson, Elizabeth Hutchinson, John Hutchinson, Claire Hutsby, Paula Hutton, Daniella Hydes, Jamie Hyde-Wyatt, Niamh Hynes, Megan Hyslop, Mazen Ibraheim, Abdalla Ibrahim, Ahmed Ibrahim, Asil Ibrahim, Mohamed Ibrahim, Monzeer Ibrahim, Wadah Ibrahim, Adetokunbo I Idowu, Muhammad Idrees, Hina Iftikhar, Mawara Iftikhar, Chukwuemeka Igwe, Mohammad Ijaz, Amaju Ikomi, Clare Iles, Stamatina Iliodromiti, Mary Ilsley, Lorna Ilves, La'ali Imam-Gutierrez, Christopher Imray, Alison Imtiaz, Haider Imtiaz, Claire Ingall, Jack Ingham, Julie Ingham, Rory Ingham, Tejas Ingle, Jennifer Inglis, Anne Ingram, Luke Ingram, Peter Inns, Ken Inweregbu, Andreea A Ionescu, Ana Ionita, Ilian P Iordanov, Anil Ipe, Adil Iqbal, Madiha Iqbal, Mohammed Iqbal, Faisal Iqbal Sait, Jane Ireland, Robert Irons, Mohannad Irshad, Muhammad S Irshad, Janice Irvine, Val Irvine, Pamela Irving, Robert Irving, Mina Ishak, Erica Isherwood, Aminul Islam, Abdurrahman Islim, Ali Ismail, Omar Ismail, Caroline Ison, M'hamedi Israa, Sharon Isralls, Ali Issa, Monica Ivan, Catrina Ivel, Chineze Ivenso, Ashleigh Ivy, Sophie Iwanikiw, Karen Ixer, Menaka Iyer, Mia Iyer, Calum Jack, Amanda Jackson, Anthony Jackson, Ben Jackson, Beth Jackson, Douglas Jackson, Ella Jackson, Hayley Jackson, Helen Jackson, Jane Jackson, Julie Jackson, Karin Jackson, Lauren Jackson, Melanie Jackson, Nicola Jackson, Shane Jackson, Sharon Jackson, Nikita Jacob, Patricia Jacob, Reni Jacob, Nicola Jacques, Terri-Lisa Jacques-Brown, Anisa Jafar, Daniel Jafferji, Ali Jaffery, Chandrashekar Jagadish, Vijay Jagannathan, Sam Jaggard, Mandeep Jagpal, Fernandez R Jaime, Neemisha Jain, Seema Jain, Susan Jain, Sanjay Jaiswal, Danyal Jajbhay, Thomas Jaki, Bintou Jallow, Yusuf Jaly, Sabine Jamal, Zeba Jamal, Yasmin Jameel, Albie James, Christie James, Kate James, Lee James, Linda James, Mark James, Nicholas James, Olivia James, Rebecca James, Ruth James, Tracy James, Jack Jameson, Aaron Jamison, Phoebe Jane, Azara Janmohamed, Sabrina Jansz, Deepa Japp, Lorraine Jappy, Victor Jardim, Catherine Jardine, Emma Jarnell, Ellie Jarvie, Ann Jarvis, Claire Jarvis, Lisa Jarvis, Rosina Jarvis, Patrycja Jastrzebska, Hafsa Javed, Mays Jawad, Lona Jawaheer, Kauky Jawaid, Anu Jayachandran, Dinakaran Jayachandran, Angelina Jayakumar, Deepak Jayaram, Ravi Jayaram, Geeshath Jayasekera, Thilina Jayatilleke, Abi Jayebalan, Saman Jeddi, Vandana Jeebun, Mohammad S Jeelani, Zeynab Jeewa, Emma Jefferson, Katie Jeffery, Helen Jeffrey, Jenni Jeffrey, Rachel Jeffrey, Sue Jeffrey, Nathan Jeffreys, Benjamin Jeffs, Debbie Jegede, Taylor Jemima, Ifan Jenkin, Alison Jenkins, Christopher Jenkins, David Jenkins, Elinor Jenkins, Sarah Jenkins, Sian Jenkins, Stephen Jenkins, Jacqui Jennings, Louise Jennings, Rebecca Jennings, Virginia Jennings, Ellen Jerome, Douglas Jerry, Ellen Jessup-Dunton, Jorge Antonio Jesus Silva, Champa Jetha, Kishan Jethwa, Jeby Jeyachandran, Visuvanathan Jeyakumar, Dharshana Jeyapalan, Shaman Jhanji, Khoo Jian, Zhixin Jiao, Laura Jimenez, Ana Jimenez Gil, Jithin Jith, Teishel Joefield, Navraj Johal, Karine Johannessen, Aisyah Johari, Annie John, Anu John, Navin John, Sarah John, Emma Johns, Margaret Johns, Anne-Marie Johnson, Antoinette Johnson, David Johnson, Emma Johnson, Gillian Johnson, Kathryn Johnson, Katie Johnson, Luke Johnson, Mark Johnson, Nelsonseelan Johnson, Oliver Johnson, Rachel Johnson, Tracy Johnson, Zoe Johnson, Claire Johnston, Janet Johnston, Laura Johnston, Susan Johnston, Victoria Johnston, Dawn Johnstone, Ed Johnstone, Janet Johnstone, Manohar Joishy, Adam Jones, Alistair Jones, Annabel Jones, Ben Jones, Bryony Jones, Carys Jones, Ceri Jones, Charlotte Jones, Christine E Jones, Debra Jones, Emily Jones, Gareth Jones, Geraldine Jones, Hazel Jones, Jac Jones, James Jones, Jamie Jones, Jessica Jones, Jonathon Jones, Julie Jones, Karen Jones, Kate E Jones, Kevin Jones, Laura Jones, Laura M Jones, Lorna Jones, Louise Jones, Mathew Jones, Nicola Jones, Paul Jones, Rhianna Jones, Ruth E Jones, Samantha Jones, Sophie Jones, Stefanie Jones, Steve Jones, Taya Jones, Tim Jones, Tracey Jones, Ramya Jonnalagadda, Rebecca Jordache, Annette Jose, Sanal Jose, Anna Joseph, Joseph Joseph, Rosane Joseph, Sibet Joseph, Dhaara Joshi, Mehul Joshi, Pratichi Joshi, Revati Joshi, Benz Josiah, Tiffany Joyce, Adriel Ju Wen Kwek, Edward Jude, Parminder Judge, Jessica Juhl, Sirisha Jujjavarapu, Mark Juniper, Edmund Juszczak, Deepthi Jyothish, Kasamu Kabiru Dawa, Mark Kacar, Katarina Kacinova, Nikhil Kadam, Rebecca Kahari, Gail Kakoullis, Azad Kala Bhushan, Richard JK Kalayi, Roobala Kaliannan Periyasami, Efthymia Kallistrou, Seika Kalsoom, Elisa Kam, John Kamara, Mohamed Kamara, Ajay Kamath, Prakash Kamath, Ravindra Kamath, Siddharth Arun Kamerkar, Nick Kametas, Musaiwale Kamfose, Arul Kandaswamy, Leia Kane, Osei Kankam, Thogulava Kannan, Abhinav Kant, Vikas Kapil, Ritoo Kapoor, Sonal Kapoor, Sourjya Kar, Janaka Kara, Vasita Kara, Marina Karakantza, Rona Kark, Nicholas Karunaratne, Natashja Kasianczuk, Vidya Kasipandian, Rizwan Kassam, Janarth Kathirgamachelvam, Victoria Katsande, Kulbinder Kaul, Daljit Kaur, Dervinder Kaur, Jasmin Kaur, Jaspreet Kaur, Satvinder Kaur, Zunaira Kausar, Mohammad AA Kawser, Andrea Kay, Sarah Kay, Jossy N Kayappurathu, Callum Kaye, Ahemd Kazeem, Naved Kazi, Sharon Kaznica, Samantha Kearley, Rachel Kearns, Nichola Kearsley, Joanne Keating, John Keating, Liza Keating, Elizabeth Keddie-Gray, Katie Keen, Natalie Keenan, Jonathan Kefas, Stephen Kegg, Laura Keith, Uzoamaka Keke, Tosin Kelani, Joanne Kellett, Jeremy Kellington, Alison Kelly, Conor Kelly, David Kelly, Diane Kelly, Dominic Kelly, Emma Kelly, Laura Kelly, Martin Kelly, Michael Kelly, Rosalind Kelly, Sinead Kelly, Stephen Kelly, Thomas Kelly, Mary Kelly-Baxter, Marketa Keltos, Timothy Kemp, Kelly Kemsley, Alexandra Kendall-Smith, Sarah Kennard, Ann Kennedy, Caroline Kennedy, James Kennedy, Sophie Kennedy-Hay, Julia Kenny, Kelly Kent, Melanie Kent, Lynne Keogan, Alexander Keough, Clement Kerlin, A Kerr, Andrew Kerr, Maria Kerr, Caroline Kerrison, Anthony Kerry, Samantha Kershaw, Helen Kerslake, Ian Kerslake, Helen Kerss, Jocelyn Keshet-Price, Margaret Kevern, Georgina Keyte, Abdul Khadar, Ali Khalid, Muhammad U Khalid, Syed Khalid, Amir Khalil, Asma Khalil, Sijjad Khalil, Abubakar Khan, Ali Khan, Al-Imran Khan, Arham Khan, Asad Khan, Aurangzeb Khan, Burhan Khan, Camran Khan, Fatimah Khan, Kausik Khan, Malik Aamaz Khan, Marria Khan, Mehrunnisha Khan, Mohammad Khan, Mohammed Khan, Nayeem Khan, Omar Khan, Rahe Khan, Rahila Khan, Sabiya Khan, Shabana Khan, Shahul Khan, Shoaib Khan, Tasaduksultan Khan, Waseem Khan, Usman F Khatana, Jibran Khatri, Jyoti Khatri, Hafiza Khatun, Taslima Khatun, Mena Kheia, Jacyntha Khera, Htet Ei Khin, Najaf Khoja, Kiran Khokhar, Jayne Khorsandi, Chloe Khurana, Faith Kibutu, Andrew Kidd, Michelle Kidd, Joe Kidney, Shane Kidney, Will Kieffer, James Kilbane, Caroline Kilby, Eileen Killen, Susan Kilroy, Bomee Kim, Jee Whang Kim, Sarah Kimber, Andy King, Barbara King, Jennifer King, Kirsten King, Rachel King, Sarah King, Tony King, Victoria King, Emily King-Oakley, Laura Kingsmore, Andy King-Venables, Fiona Kinney, Sidra Kiran, Jeremy Kirk, Jodie Kirk, Daniel Kirkbride, Amy Kirkby, Ian Kirker, Emily Kirkham, Gemma Kirkman, Ursula Kirwan, Kelly Kislingbury, Toby Kitching, Laura Kitto, Lauren Kittridge, Sarah Klaczek, Frieder Kleemann, Susan Kmachia, Chris Knapp, Lucy Knibbs, Alicia Knight, Fraser Knight, Marian Knight, Sarah Knight, Steven Knight, Tom Knight, Ellen Knights, Jane Knights, Toby Knights, Martin Knolle, Carol Knott, Charlotte Knowles, Karen Knowles, Laurence Knowles, Emily Knox, Lucy Knox, Oliver Koch, Ronan Kodituwakku, Gouri Koduri, Aisha Koirata, Eirene Kolakaluri, Magdalena Kolodziej, Eirini Kolokouri, Keith Kolsteren, Samantha Kon, Niladri Konar, Mari Kononen, Athanasios Konstantinidis, Hui Fen Koo, Imogen Koopmans, Emmanuela Kopyj, Laura Korcierz, James Korolewicz, George Koshy, Chris Kosmidis, Jalpa Kotecha, Easwari Kothandaraman, Leonidas Koukouflis, Koushan Kouranloo, Rukhsana Kousar'c, Margarita Kousteni, Maja Kovac, Alex Kozak Eskenazia, Kestutis Krasauskas, Raghu Krishnamurthy, Vinodh Krishnamurthy, Manju Krishnan, Hari Krishnan, Suzanne Krizak, Sean Krupej, Agnieszka Kubisz-Pudelko, Soren Kudsk-Iversen, Aurimas Kudzinskas, Chirag Kukadiya, Nainesha Kulkarni, Aditi Kumar, Mayur Kumar, Ramesh Kumar, Ravi Kumar, Rita Kumar, Rupa Kumar, Satish Kumar, Vimal Kumar, Arun Kundu, Heinke Kunst, Amit Kurani, Mohammed Kurdy, Rincy Kurian, Vimal Kurmars, Cameron Kuronen-Stewart, Ranganai S Kusangaya, Vlad Kushakovsky, Mandy Kuunal, Apexa Kuverji, Amma Kyei-Mensah, Thyra Kyere-Diabour, Moe Kyi, Nyan M Kyi, Laura Kyle, Karali-Tsilimpari Kyriaki, Julius Labao, Louise Lacey, Nikki Lack, Emma Ladlow, Heather Lafferty, Shondipon Laha, Sushil Lahane, Clement Lai, James Lai, Emma Laing, Robert Laing, Inez Laing-Faiers, Emily Laity, Michelle Lake, Nicki Lakeman, David Lalloo, Fiona Lalloo, Alison Lam, Fiona Lamb, Lucy Lamb, Thomas Lamb, Nick Lambe, Pauline Lambert, Claudia Lameirinhas, Mohammed KG Lami, Abigail Lamikanra, Holly Lamont, Michal Lamparski, Djillali Lamrani, Christine Lanaghan, Rebecca Lanaway, Ivone Lancona-Malcolm, Julia Lancut, Geraldine Landers, Martin J Landray, Matthew Lane, Nicholas Lane, Alidih Lang, Stephen Lang, Daniel Langer, Margaret Langley, Charles Langoya, Emily Langthorne, Taiya Large, Wojciech Lason, Anna Last, Scott Latham, John Latham-Mollart, Afzal Latheef, Darren Latimer, Nang Latt, Carly-Jane Lattimore, Dawn Lau, Eva Lau, Myra Laurenson, Hou Law, Jennifer Law, Jessica Law, Penny Law, Richard Law, Colin Lawler, Mark Lawley, Emma Lawrence, Jo Lawrence, Neil Lawrence, Ryan Lawrie, Jemima Lawson, Joanne Lawson, Louise Lawson, Rebecca Lawton, Michael Lay, Christine Laycock, Reina Layug, Maria Lazo, Vietland Le, Amelia Lea, William Lea, Ian Leadbitter, Thomas Leahy, Richard Lean, Lorna Leandro, Darren Leaning, Sandra Leason, Christina Leaver, Marie Anne Ledingham, Emma Lee, Hannah Lee, Irish Lee, Judith Lee, Sam Lee, Shi Han Lee, Simon Lee, Sindy Lee, Stephanie Lee, Tracey Lee, Xiang Lee, Diana Lees, Jennifer Lees, Helen Legge, Julian Leggett, Katie Leigh-Ellis, Kevan Leighton, Nicky Leitch, Eleni Lekoudis, Petula Lemessy, Nicholas Lemoine, Joana Lemos, Irina Lenchuk, Katy Leng, Katrina Lennon, Liz Lennon, Isabel Lentell, Kelly Leonard, Wen Leong, Nicky Leopold, Oskar Lepiarczyk, Isla Leslie, Eleni Lester, Joe Leung, Ullrich Leuschner, Emma Levell, Chris Levett, Alice Lewin, Michaela Lewin, Alison Lewis, David Lewis, Dee Lewis, Georgina Lewis, Gillian Lewis, Joanne Lewis, Joseph Lewis, Kathryn Lewis, Keir Lewis, Leon Lewis, Lisa Lewis, Marissa Lewis, Rob Lewis, Robert Lewis, Catherine Lewis-Clarke, Lorraine Lewis-Prosser, Katherine Lewiston, Adam Lewszuk, Penny Lewthwaite, Samantha Ley, Anna Li, Jenny Li, Angela Liao, Victoria Licence, David Lieberman, Susan 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Kaatje Lomme, Emily London, Gabriella Long, Natalie Long, Bev Longhurst, Mark Longshaw, Jennifer Lonnen, Caroline Lonsdale, Laura Looby, Ronda Loosley, Paola Lopez, Paula Lopez, Robert Lord, Stuart Lord, Laura Lordache, Kieron Loregnard, Catherine Lorenzen, Claire Lorimer, Francesco Loro, Rachel Lorusso, Eva Loutraris, Robert Loveless, Maxine Lovell, Angeliki Loverdou, Huw Lovett, Daniel Loveys, Andrew Low, Jen Mae Low, Alastair Lowe, Caroline Lowe, Catherine Lowe, Emily Lowe, Faye Lowe, Michael Lowe, Linda Lowrey, Richard Lowsby, Vicki Lowthorpe, Emma Loxley, Gamu Lubimbi, Alexandra Lubina Solomon, Georgia Lucas, Jacob Lucas, Alice Lucey, Olivia Lucey, Suzanne Luck, H Luke, Jane Luke, Hayley Lund, Apurva Lunia, Muriel Lunn, Ji Luo, Julia Lussier, Cindy Nisha Luximon, Elisa Ly, Barrie Lyell, Elisavet Lyka, Sarah Lymn, Audrey Lynas, Ceri Lynch, Daniel Lynch, Daniella Lynch, Stephen Lynch, Helen Lyon, Rea-Grace Maamari, Hannah Mabb, Louies Mabelin, Jessica Macaro, Angela Macauley, Kateryna Macconaill, Chloe Macdonald, Stuart MacDonald, Tania MacDonald, Claire Macfadyen, James G Macfarlane, Jill Macfarlane, Laura Macfarlane, Cara MacGuigan, Lisa MacInnes, Iain MacIntyre, Jill MacIntyre, Kirsten Mack, Callum Mackay, Euan Mackay, Laura Mackay, Alexander Mackenzie, Matt Mackenzie, Robert MacKenzie Ross, Ami Mackey, Patricia Mackey, Fiona Mackie, Robert Mackie, Carolyn Mackinlay, Claire Mackintosh, Katherine Mackintosh, Sheila MacLennan, Mary Joan MacLeod, Michael Macmahon, Andrew MacNair, Catherine Macphee, Iain Macpherson, Catriona Macrae, Allan MacRaild, Eilidh MacVean, Alannah Madden, Mary Madden, Norman Madeja, Karen Madgwick, Pradeep Madhivathanan, Madhavi Madhusudhana, Harriet Madiyiko, Alpha Madu, Lorraine Madziva, Marion Mafham, Nick Magee, Frederick Magezi, Tim Maggs, Negar Maghsoodi, Christopher Magier, Marios Magriplis, Kathryn Maguire, Natasha Mahabir, Subramanian Mahadevan-Bava, Anjanie Maharajh, Ajit Mahaveer, Bal Mahay, Kanta Mahay, Hibo Mahdi, Thushika Mahendiran, Siva Mahendran, Sarah Maher, Anistta Maheswaran, Shameera Maheswaran, Tina Maheswaran, Parisa Mahjoob-Afag, Ahmed Mahmood, Farhana Mahmood, Waheed Mahmood, Zahra Mahmood, Hager Mahmoud, Ewan Mahony, Luke Mair, Toluwani Majekdunmi, Kesson Majid, Rupert Major, Jaydip Majumdar, Mohammad KH Majumder, Stephen Makin, Marius Malanca, Hannah Malcolm, Flora Malein, Neeraj Malhan, Ayesha Malik, Gulshan Malik, Mohammed Maljk, Paul Mallett, Petrina Mallinder, Georgia Mallison, Louise Mallon, Edward Malone, Gracie Maloney, Edgar Malundas, Madhu Mamman, Irene Man, Kathy Man, Rossana Mancinelli, Marco Mancuso-Marcello, Tracy Manders, Lauren Manderson, Justin Mandeville, Roope Manhas, Carmen Maniero, Ravi Manikonda, Bobby Mann, Jonathan Manning, Lynne Mannion, Katherine Mansi, Katarina Manso, Dina Mansour, Isheunesu T Mapfunde, Predeesh Mappa, Hemant Maraj, Garikayi Marange, Lisa March, Clare Marchand, Neil Marcus, Maria Marecka, Gomathi Margabanthu, Jordi Margalef, Lavinia Margarit, Georgios Margaritopoulos, Mike Margarson, Fernandez M Maria del Rocio, Teresa Maria Pfyl, Victor Mariano, Helen Maria-Osborn, Ashleigh Maric, Grace Markham, John Markham, Maria Marks, Pamela Marks, Elisabeth Marouzet, Arran Marriott, Cheryl Marriott, Nemonie Marriott, Brian Marsden, Karen Marsden, Paul Marsden, Sarah Marsden, Tracy Marsden, Robyn Marsh, Adam Marshall, Andrew Marshall, Gail Marshall, Henry Marshall, Jaimie Marshall, James Marshall, Jenna Marshall, Nicola Marshall, Riley Marshall, Jennifer Marshall, Samantha Marston, Emmeline Martin, Hayley Martin, Hope Martin, Jane Martin, Karen Martin, Kate Martin, Laila Martin, Michael Martin, Noelia Martin, Tim Martin, Winston Martin, Sarah Martin, Tim Martindale, Marcus Martineau, Alexander Martinez, Lauren Martinez, Jose Carlos Martinez Garrido, Juan Martin-Lazaro, Olivia Martins, Lucas Martins Ferreira, Vijay Kumar Maruthamuthu, Gemma Maryan, Roman Mary-Genetu, Sam Maryosh, Vidan Masani, Diego Maseda, Sheila Mashate, 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Harriet Smith, Hazel Smith, Helen Smith, Jacky Smith, Janice Smith, Jessica Smith, Juliet Smith, Karen Smith, Kate Smith, Kathryn Smith, Katie Smith, Kelly Smith, Kerry Smith, Lara Smith, Linda Smith, Lisa Smith, Loren Smith, Maria Smith, Mel Smith, Oliver Smith, Rachel Smith, Rebecca Smith, Richard Smith, Ruth Smith, Sally Smith, Samantha Smith, Stacey Smith, Stephanie Smith, Susan Smith, Imogen Smith, John Smith, Gemma Smithson, Sue Smolen, Sara Smuts, Naoise Smyth, Annette Snell, David Snell, Luke Snell, Beng So, Michelle Soan, Toluleyi Sobande, Alberto Sobrino Diaz, Basit Sohail, Bina Sohail, Herminder Sohal, Roy Soiza, Mary Sokolowski, Olajumoke Solademi, Krishma Solanki, Babak Soleimani, Amanda Solesbury, Reanne Solly, Louise Solomon, Subash Somalanka, Chandrashekaraiah Somashekar, Raj Sonia, Shiu-Ching Soo, Deepti Sood, Pavandeep Soor, Germanda Soothill, Jennifer Soren, Youssef Sorour, Apina Sothinathan, Pragalathan Sothirajah, Najwa Soussi, Donna Southam, David Southern, Iain Southern, Louise Southern, Sara M Southin, Jessica Southwell, Thomas Southworth, Jason Sowter, Claudia Spalding, Enti Spata, Katie Spears, Mark Spears, John Spence, Michelle Spence, Branwell Spencer, Gisele Spencer, Sue Spencer, Tom Spencer, Helen Spicer, Rose Spicer, Helen Spickett, Jennifer Spillane, William Spiller, Kerry Spinks, Michelle Spinks, Nick Spittle, Johanna Sporrer, Karen Spreckley, Janet Spriggs, Oliver Spring, Scott Springworth, Gemma Squires, Jack Squires, Rebecca Squires, Ram Sreenivasan, K Sri Paranthamen, Ramesh Srinivasan, Asha Srirajamadhuveeti, Vino Srirathan, Chloe Stacey, Sybil Stacpoole, Louise Stadon, Tony Staincliffe, Jocasta Staines, Nikki Staines, Katie Stammers, Roxana Stanciu, Grazyna Stanczuk, Helen Stannard, Edward Stanton, Robyn Staples, Simon Stapley, Natalie Staplin, Adam Stark, Michelle Starr, Julie Staves, Rached Stead, Anthea Steel, Charlotte Steel, Conor Steele, John Steer, Vergnano Stefania, Paula Stefanowska, Katie Steinert, Caroline Stemp, Alison Stephens, David Stephensen, Elaine Stephenson, Monique Sterrenburg, Georgia Stevens, Guy Stevens, Melanie Stevens, Will Stevens, Amy Stevenson, Andrew Stevenson, Elaine Stevenson, Lesley Stevenson, Sarah Stevenson, Amanda Stewart, Claire Stewart, Colin Stewart, McKenna Stewart, Rachel Stewart, Rebecca Stewart, Richard Stewart, Jo Stickley, Gemma Stiller, Robert Stirk, Sarah Stirrup, Sarah Stock, Alexander Stockdale, Lynne Stockham, Paul Stockton, Emma Stoddard, Chris Stokes, Ben Stone, Roisin Stone, Sarah Stone, Imogen Storey, Kim Storton, Frederick Stourton, Angela Strachan, Catherine Strait, Ellen Strakosch, Emma Stratton, Jane Stratton, Sam Straw, Luke Streeter, Dieter Streit, Emma Stride, Sally Stringer, Sophia Strong-Sheldrake, Siske Struik, Carmel Stuart, Anna Stubbs, Harrison Stubbs, Ann Sturdy, Sharon Sturney, Matt Stuttard, Cristina Suarez, Karuna Subba, Christian P Subbe, Manjula Subramanian, Venkatram Subramanian, Chinari Subudhi, Rebecca Suckling, Srivatsan Sudershan, Lee Sudlow, Gayle Sugden, Peter Sugden, Rudresh Sukla, Ali Suliman, Fatimah Suliman, Ian Sullivan, Sugrah Sultan, Jennifer Summers, Mark Summerton, Samyukta Sundar, Reka Sundhar, Edmond Sung, Nadia Sunni, Jay Suntharalingam, Amitava Sur, Dharmic Suresh, Shilpa Suresh, Rachel Suri, Michael Surtees, Danielle Suter, Helen Sutherland, Rachel Sutherland, Rebecca Sutherland, Dovile Sutinyte, Deborah Sutton, John Sutton, Sam Sutton, Mihaela Sutu, Marie-Louise Svensson, Sima Svirpliene, Andrew Swain, Thomas Swaine, Christopher Swales, Lorna Swan, Nicola Swarbrick, Tirion Swart, Stephen Sweetman, Samaher Sweity, Ealish Swift, Paul Swift, Pauline Swift, Peter Swift, Rachael Swift, Rachel Swingler, Sophie Swinhoe, Katarzyna Swist-Szulik, Luke Swithenbank, Omair Syed, Catriona Sykes, Daisy Sykes, Eliot Sykes, Luke Sylvester, Dominic Symon, Andrew Syndercombe, Zoe Syrimi, Jen Syson, Gemma Szabo, Tamas Szakmany, Megan Szekely, Matthew Szeto, Maria Tadros, Amr Tageldin, Lucy Tague, Hasan Tahir, Muhammad Tahir, Silvia Taibo, Zsofia Takats, Abigail Takyi, Peter Talbot, Alison Talbot -Smith, James Talbot-Ponsonby, Richard Tallent, Bradley Tallon, Phoebe Tamblin-Hopper, Adrian Tan, Bee T Tan, Hock Tan, Huey Tan, Jade Tan, Keith Tan, WeiTeen Tan, Anand Tana, Xiaohui Tang, Christina Tanney, Tabitha Tanqueray, Emma Tanton, Ran Tao, Mark Taplin, Hayley Tarft, Priyal Taribagil, Obaid Tarin, Syed Tariq, Zeeshan Tariq, David Tarpey, Lisa Tarrant, Antonia Tasiou, Elizabeth Tatam, Margaret L Tate, Kate Tatham, Vera Tavoukjian, Alexander Taylor, Beverley Taylor, Brian Taylor, Charlie Taylor, Charlotte Taylor, David Taylor, Elisabeth Taylor, Janet Taylor, Jennifer Taylor, Joanne Taylor, Julie Taylor, Karen Taylor, Leanne Taylor, Margaret Taylor, Matthew Taylor, Melanie Taylor, Natalie Taylor, Rachael Taylor, Rachel Taylor, Samantha Taylor, Suzanne Taylor, Tina Taylor, Tracey Taylor, Vicky Taylor, Michelle Taylor-Siddons, Thomas Taynton, Amelia Te, Jessica Teasdale, Julie Tebbutt, Caroline Tee, Rajni Tejwani, Seble Tekle, Adam Telfer, Vibha Teli, Jennifer Tempany, Holly Templar, Julie Temple, Natalie Temple, Helen Tench, Yi He Teoh, Lynne Terrett, Louise Terry, Abbi Tervit, Dariusz Tetla, Kate Tettmar, Shirish Tewari, Daniel Tewkesbury, Joana Texeira, ChiaLing Tey, Clare Thakker, Manish Thakker, Amirtharajh Tharmakulasingam, Hilary Thatcher, Andrew Thayanandan, Krishna Thazhatheyil, Eaint Thein, Lambrini Theocharidou, Phyu Thet, Kapeendran Thevarajah, Mayooran Thevendra, Nang Thiri Phoo, Yvette Thirlwall, Muthu Thirumaran, Alice Thomas, Andrew Thomas, Caradog Thomas, Emma Thomas, Enson Thomas, Esther Thomas, Hannah Thomas, Helen Thomas, James Thomas, Karen Thomas, Koshy Thomas, Lucy Thomas, Rachel Thomas, Rebecca Thomas, Rhys Thomas, Ruth Thomas, Samantha Thomas, Sarah Thomas, Sherine Thomas, Tessy Thomas, Vicky Thomas, Rhian Thomas-Turner, Samantha Thomas-Wright, Catherine Thompson, Christopher Thompson, Clara Thompson, Fiona Thompson, Katharine Thompson, Laura Thompson, Liz Thompson, Luke Thompson, Michael Thompson, Orla Thompson, Rebecca Thompson, Roger Thompson, Trevor Thompson, Usilla Thompson, Nicola Thomson, Natasha Thorn, Charlotte Thorne, Nicola Thorne, Wendy Thorne, Jim Thornton, Michael Thornton, Richard Thornton, Sara Thornton, Susan Thornton, Thomas Thornton, Tracey Thornton, Allison Thorpe, Christopher Thorpe, Sarah Thorpe, Paradeep Thozthumparambil, Laura Thrasyvoulou, Hannah Thraves, Elisha Thuesday, Vicky Thwaiotes, Guy Thwaites, Simon Tiberi, Jane Tidman, Serena Tieger, Carey Tierney, Caroline Tierney, Mark Tighe, Sorrell Tilbey, Amanda Tiller, John Timerick, Elizabeth Timlick, Alison Timmis, Hayley Timms, Anne-Marie Timoroksa, Samakomva Tinashe, Heather Tinkler, Marianne Tinkler, Jacqui Tipper, Helen Tivenan, Helen T-Michael, Anne Todd, Jackie Todd, Stacy Todd, Mohamed Tohfa, Helena Tollick, Melanie Tolson, Ana Luisa Tomas, Natalia Tomasova, Sharon Tomlin, Simon Tomlins, Jo Tomlinson, James Tonkin, Ivan Tonna, Catherine Toohey, Kirsty Topham, Mathew Topping, Ruhaif Tousis, Peter Tovey, Gareth Towersey, Jason Towler, Jill Townley, Alain Townsend, Chris Townsend, Richard Tozer, Claire Tranter, Helen Tranter, Jonathan Trattles, Christopher Travill, Sarah Traynor, Karis Treuberg, Mike Trevett, Ascanio Tridente, Sanchia Triggs, Fiona Trim, Thomas Trimble, Alex Trimmings, Tom Trinick, Sven Troedson, Emily Tropman, Amy Trotter, Madeleine Trowsdale Stannard, Nigel Trudgill, Maria Truslove, Shaun Trussell, Tariq Trussell, Sara Tryon, Kyriaki Tsakiridou, Christine Tsang, Hoi Pat Tsang, Peter Tsang, Tan Tsawayo, Kyriaki Karali Tsilimpari, Georgios Tsinaslanidis, Simon Tso, Sally Tucker, Victoria Tuckley, Caroline Tuckwell, Aisha Tufail, Redmond Tully, Grace Tunesi, Saidat Turawa, Killiam Turbitt, Anna Turco, Krystyna Turek, Rezon Turel, Tolga Turgut, Claudia Turley, Alison Turnbull, Aine Turner, Ash Turner, Charlotte Turner, David Turner, Frances Turner, Gail Turner, Kate Turner, Kelly Turner, Louise Turner, Lucy Turner, Marc Turner, Mark Turner, Patricia Turner, Ruth Turner, Sally Turner, Samantha Turner, Susan Turner, Victoria Turner, Sharon Turney, Jon Turvey, Conor Tweed, David Tweed, Rebecca Twemlow, Emma Twohey, Bhavya Tyagi, Vedang Tyagi, Abigail Tyer, Jayne Tyler, Jennifer Tyler, Alison Tyzack, Petros Tzavaras, Mohammad S Uddin, Ruhama Uddin, Ruzena Uddin, Salamat Ullah, Sana Ullah, Sanda Ullah, Athavan Umaipalan, Judith Umeadi, Akudo Umeh, Wilfred Umeojiako, Ben Ummat, Charlotte Underwood, Jonathan Underwood, Laura Unitt, Adam Unsworth, Jasvinder Uppal, Veerpal S Uppal, James Uprichard, Gerry Upson, Masood Ur Rasool, Alison Uriel, Sebastian Urruela, Hiromi Uru, Miranda Usher, Rebecca Usher, Alex UsherRea, Andrew Ustianowski, Jane Uttley, Linda C Vaccari, Uddhav Vaghela, Abhay Vaidya, Bernardas Valecka, Jennifer Valentine, Balan Valeria, Pramodh Vallabhaneni, Pedro Valle Vallines, Luke Vamplew, Ekaterini Vamvakiti, Joannis Vamvakopoulos, Maud van de Venne, Alex van der Meer, Nora van der Stelt, Joseph Vance-Daniel, Rama Vancheeswaran, Caryn Vander Riet, Samuel I Vandeyoon, Padma Vankayalapati, Piyush Vanmali, Chloe Vansomeren, William Van't Hoff, Sejal Vara, Kate Vardigans, Stehen J Vardy, Anu Varghese, Maria Varghese, William Varney, Giulia Varnier, Valeria Vasadi, Olivia Vass, Vimal Vasu, Vasanthi Vasudevan, Manu Vatish, Heloyes Vayalaman, Christopher Vaz, Niki Veale, Sachuda Veerasamy, Bar Velan, Swati Velankar, Luxmi Velauthar, Neyme Veli, Nicola Vella, Anitha Velusamy, Ian Venables, Mavi Venditti, David Veniard, Ramya Venkataramakrishnan, Richard Venn, Robert Venn, Lyn Ventilacion, Joanne Vere, Mark Veres, Stefania Vergnano, Will Verling, Amit Verma, Rachel Vernall, Britney Vernon, Mark Vertue, Jerik Verula, Natalie Vethanayagam, Lucy Veys, Carinna Vickers, Saji Victor, Jennifer Vidler, Wayne Vietri, Bavithra Vijayakumar, Vinod Warrier Vijayaraghavan Nalini, Brigita Vilcinskaite, Neringa Vilimiene, Sudharkar Vimalanathan, Lynn Vinall, Sylvia Vinay, Latha Vinayakarao, Rachel Vincent, Rosie Vincent, Pritpal Virdee, Emma Virgilio, Abdullah M Virk, Elisa Visentin, Jeyakumar Visuvanathan, Karunakaran Vithian, Sorice Vittoria, Elena Vlad, Ben Vlies, Alain Vuylsteke, Eleftheria Vyras, Richard Wach, Beverley Wadams, Susan Wadd, Natalia Waddington, Kirsten Wadsworth, Syed EI Wafa, Daniel Wagstaff, Lynda Wagstaff, Dalia Wahab, Zaroug Wahbi, Abiodun Waheed Adigun, Sawan Waidyanatha, Rachel Wake, Alice Wakefield, William Wakeford, Michelle Wakelin, Fiona Wakinshaw, Andrew Walden, Jane Walden, Lorna Walding, Alexandria Waldron, Gemma Walker, Harriet Walker, Ian Walker, Jasmine Walker, Kevin Walker, Kim Walker, Linda Walker, Marie T Walker, Olivia Walker, Rachel Walker, Rebecca Walker, Susan Walker, Derek Wallbank, Rebecca Wallbutton, Jessica Wallen, Karl Wallendszus, Arabella Waller, Fiona Waller, Rosemary Waller, Gabiel Wallis, Gabriel Wallis, Louise Wallis, Donna Walsh, Elizabeth Walsh, Livia Walsh, Deborah Walstow, Daniel Walter, Alex Walters, Holt Walters, James Walters, Jocelyn Walters, Eileen Walton, Lucy Walton, Olivia Walton, Sharon Walton, Susan Walton, Mandy Wan, Thin Wan, Mary Wands, Rachel Wane, Frank Wang, Nick Wang, Ran Wang, Deborah Warbrick, Samantha Warburton, Deborah Ward, Emma Ward, Joanna Ward, Karen Ward, Luke Ward, Nicola Ward, Rachael Ward, Rebecca Ward, Thomas Ward, Tom Ward, Scott A Warden, Adele Wardle, Karen Wardle, Steve Wardle, Hassan Wardy, Scott Waring, Jenny Warmington, Ben Warner, Christian Warner, Lewis Warnock, Sarah Warran, Jade Warren, Lisa Warren, Yolanda Warren, Hannah Warren-Miell, Gill Warwick, Charlotte Washington, Helen Wassall, Hazel J Watchorn, Holly Waterfall, Abby Waters, Donald Waters, Mark Waterstone, Catherine Watkins, Catrin Watkins, Eleanor Watkins, Karen Watkins, Lynn Watkins, Nick Watkins, Abigail Watson, Adam JR Watson, Ekaterina Watson, Eleanor Watson, Paul Watson, Rebecca Watson, Robert Watson, Sandra Watson, Malcolm Watters, Donna Watterson, Daniel Watts, John Watts, Merlin Watts, Victoria Waugh, Emma Wayman, Akhlaq Wazir, Mark Weatherhead, Nick Weatherly, Paul Weaver, Hayley Webb, Kathryn Webb, Kylie Webb, Stephen Webb, Cheryl Websdale, Deborah Webster, Ian Webster, Tim Webster, Kathleen Wedgeworth, Ling Wee, Rebecca Weerakoon, Thanuja Weerasinghe, Janaka Weeratunga, Maria Weetman, Shuying Wei, Immo Weichert, Hugh Welch, James Welch, Leanne Welch, Steven Welch, Samantha Weller, Lucy Wellings, Brian Wells, Susan Wellstead, Berni Welsh, Richard Welsh, Ingeborg Welters, Rachael Welton, Lauren Wentworth, Kate Wesseldine, James Wesson, Jim Wesson, Adam West, Magdelena West, Raha West, Ruth West, Sophie West, Luke Western, Ruth Westhead, Heather Weston, Alice Westwood, Bill Wetherill, Sharon Wheaver, Helen Wheeler, Ben Whelan, Matthew Whelband, Amanda Whileman, Alison Whitcher, Abbie White, Andrew White, Benjamin White, Christopher White, Duncan White, Emily White, James White, Jonathan White, Katie White, Marie White, Nick White, Sarah White, Sonia White, Stephen White, Tracey White, Catherine Whitehead, Anne Whitehouse, Claire Whitehouse, Tony Whitehouse, Julia Whiteley, Sophie Whiteley, Victoria Whiteside, Drew Whitley, Kaitlyn Whitley, Gabriel Whitlingum, David Whitmore, Elizabeth Whittaker, Lindsay Whittam, Andrew Whittingham Hirst, Ashley Whittington, Helen Whittle, Robert Whittle, Suzanne Whyte, Eunice Wiafe, Lou Wiblin, John Widdrington, Jason Wieboldt, Hannah Wieringa, Cornelia Wiesender, Laura Wiffen, Andrew Wight, Christopher Wignall, Danielle Wilcock, Emma Wilcock, Louise Wilcox, Laura Wild, Stephen Wild, Michael Wilde, Peter Wilding, Ritchie Wildman, Tracey Wildsmith, Joe Wileman, Donna Wiles, Joy Wiles, Kate Wiles, Elva Wilhelmsen, Thomas Wiliams, Chloe Wilkes, Janet Wilkie, David Wilkin, Hannah Wilkins, Joy Wilkins, Suzanne Wilkins, Helen Wilkinson, Holly Wilkinson, Iain Wilkinson, Lesley Wilkinson, Martin Wilkinson, Nicola Wilkinson, Sophia Wilkinson, Susan Wilkinson, Tim Wilkinson, Sylvia Willetts, Aimee Williams, Alexandra Williams, Alison Williams, Angharad Williams, Ava Williams, Carl Williams, Caroline V Williams, Claire Williams, Dewi Williams, Gail Williams, Gemma Williams, Gina Williams, Hannah Williams, James Williams, Jayne Williams, Jennie Williams, John Williams, Joseph Williams, Karen Williams, Kathryn Williams, Marie Williams, Matthew Williams, Patricia Williams, Penny Williams, Rachael Williams, Rupert Williams, Samson Williams, Sarah Williams, Sophie Williams, Tamanna Williams, Annie Williamson, Cath Williamson, Catherine Williamson, Dawn Williamson, James D Williamson, Rachel Williamson, Helen Williamson, Bruce Willian, Elizabeth Willis, Emily Willis, Heather Willis, Herika Willis, Joanna Willis, Laura Willmott, Louise Wills, Lucy Willsher, Catherine Willshire, Francesca Willson, Alison Wilson, Andrea Wilson, Antoinette Wilson, Billy Wilson, Catherine Wilson, Eve Wilson, James Wilson, Karen Wilson, Kate Wilson, Lucinda Wilson, Mark Wilson, Matthew Wilson, Toni Wilson, Evie Wiltsher, Marlar Win, Tin Win, Wut Yee Win Win, Lucinda Winckworth, Laura Winder, Piers Winder, Phillip Windrum, Kerry Winham-Whyte, Helen Winmill, Simon Winn, Carmen Winpenny, Helen Winslow, Helen Winter, Jonathan Winter, Pascal Winter, Barbara Winter-Goodwin, Stephen Wisdom, Matthew Wise, Martin Wiselka, Rebecca Wiseman, Sophie Wiseman, Steven Wishart, Holly Wissett, Eric Witele, Nicholas Withers, Janet Wittes, Donna Wixted, Therese Wodehouse, Will Wolf, Nicola Wolff, Kirsten Wolffsohn, Rebecca Wolf-Roberts, Magda Wolna, Elena Wolodimeroff, Adam Wolstencroft, Alan Wong, Charlotte Wong, Chi-Hung Wong, Edwin Wong, Jessica Sue Yi Wong, Kit Y Wong, Lee Wong, Mei Yin Wong, Nick Wong, Sam Wong, Yun Man Wong, Amanda Wood, Caroline Wood, Carrie Anne Wood, Dianne Wood, Fiona Wood, Hannah Wood, Jennifer Wood, Joe Wood, Julia Wood, Kathryn Wood, Lisa Wood, Louise Wood, Michelle Wood, Stephen Wood, Tracy Wood, Ursula Wood, Katharine Woodall, Rebecca Woodfield, Christopher Woodford, Elizabeth Woodford, Jill Woodford, Luke Woodford, Louise Woodhead, Timothy Woodhead, Philip Woodland, Marc Woodman, Debra Woods, Jane Woods, Katherine Woods, Sarah Woods, Zoe Woodward, Rachel Wookey, Megan Woolcock, Gemma Wooldridge, Rebecca Woolf, Chris Woollard, Christopher Woollard, Louisa Woollen, Emma Woolley, Jade Woolley, Daniel Woosey, Dan Wootton, Joanne Wootton, Daniel Worley, Stephy Worton, Jonathan Wraight, Maria Wray, Tim Wreford-Bush, Joanne Wren, Kim Wren, Lynn Wren, Caroline Wrey Brown, Catherine Wright, Demi Wright, Francesca Wright, Imogen Wright, Lee Wright, Lianne Wright, Pete Wright, Rachel Wright, Rebecca Wright, Stephanie Wright, Tim Wright, Caroline Wroe, Hannah Wroe, Henry Wu, Peishan Wu, Pensee Wu, Jonathan Wubetu, Retno Wulandari, Craig Wyatt, Frederick Wyn-Griffiths, Inez Wynter, Bindhu Xavier, Arnold Xhikola, Zhongyang Xia, Huiyuan Xiao, Masseh Yakubi, May Yan, Freda Yang, Yingjia Yang, Michael Yanney, Woei Lin Yap, Nabil Yaqoob, Naairah Yaqub, Salima Yasmin, Bryan Yates, David Yates, Edward Yates, Helen Yates, Julie Yates, Mark Yates, Charlotte Yearwood Martin, Andrew Yeatman, Khin Yein, Fiona Yelnoorkar, Peter Yew, Kawai Yip, Laura Ylquimiche, Laura Ylquimiche Melly, Inez Ynter, H Yong, Jemma Yorke, Jasmine Youens, Abdel Younes Ibrahim, Eoin Young, Gail Young, Louise Young, Richard Young, Asfand Yousafzar, Sajeda Youssouf, Ahmed Yousuf, Chrissie Yu, Bernard Yung, Daniel Yusef, Said Yusef, Intekhab Yusuf, Anna-Sophia Zafar, Silvia Zagalo, Su Zaher, Aqsa Zahoor, Kareem Zaki, Nabhan Zakir, Kasia Zalewska, Ane Zamalloa, Mohsin Zaman, Raisa Zaman, Shakir Zaman, Julie Zamikula, Louise Zammit, Marie Zammit-Mangion, Lynn Zarb, Esther Zebracki, Daniel Zehnder, Lisa Zeidan, Marian Zelman, Xiaobei Zhao, Dongling Zheng, Doreen Zhu, Madiha Zia, Omar Zibdeh, Rabia Zill-E-Huma, Ei Thankt Zin, Veronica Zindonda, Eleanor Zinkin, Vivian Zinyemba, Christos Zipitis, Arkadiusz Zmierczak, Azam Zubir, Roslin Zuha, Naz Zuhra, Rasha Zulaikha, Sabrina Zulfikar, Carol Zullo, Ana Zuriaga-Alvaro, Will Zuurbier, Sheba Zyengi, and University of St Andrews. School of Medicine
Subjects: Male, Convalescent plasma, medicine.medical_treatment, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Antibodies, Viral, Rate ratio, 0302 clinical medicine, RA0421, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Medicine, Hospital Mortality, 030212 general & internal medicine, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Aged, 80 and over, Medicine(all), Mortality rate, Covid19, Articles, 3rd-DAS, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Hospitals, Treatment Outcome, Female, Open label, Coronavirus Infections, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, RM, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 03 medical and health sciences, Medicine, General & Internal, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, General & Internal Medicine, Internal medicine, Humans, In patient, Pandemics, COVID-19 Serotherapy, Aged, Mechanical ventilation, Science & Technology, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Significant difference, Immunization, Passive, COVID-19, Length of Stay, NIS, R1, Respiration, Artificial, United Kingdom, RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RECOVERY Collaborative Group, business
Abstract: Background: Many patients with COVID-19 have been treated with plasma containing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Methods: This randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]) is assessing several possible treatments in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 177 NHS hospitals from across the UK. Eligible and consenting patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either usual care alone (usual care group) or usual care plus high-titre convalescent plasma (convalescent plasma group). The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936. Findings: Between May 28, 2020, and Jan 15, 2021, 11558 (71%) of 16287 patients enrolled in RECOVERY were eligible to receive convalescent plasma and were assigned to either the convalescent plasma group or the usual care group. There was no significant difference in 28-day mortality between the two groups: 1399 (24%) of 5795 patients in the convalescent plasma group and 1408 (24%) of 5763 patients in the usual care group died within 28 days (rate ratio 1·00, 95% CI 0·93–1·07; p=0·95). The 28-day mortality rate ratio was similar in all prespecified subgroups of patients, including in those patients without detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at randomisation. Allocation to convalescent plasma had no significant effect on the proportion of patients discharged from hospital within 28 days (3832 [66%] patients in the convalescent plasma group vs 3822 [66%] patients in the usual care group; rate ratio 0·99, 95% CI 0·94–1·03; p=0·57). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at randomisation, there was no significant difference in the proportion of patients meeting the composite endpoint of progression to invasive mechanical ventilation or death (1568 [29%] of 5493 patients in the convalescent plasma group vs 1568 [29%] of 5448 patients in the usual care group; rate ratio 0·99, 95% CI 0·93–1·05; p=0·79). Interpretation: In patients hospitalised with COVID-19, high-titre convalescent plasma did not improve survival or other prespecified clinical outcomes. Funding: UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council) and National Institute of Health Research.
Published: 2021
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40. Das quantifizierte EEG im elektroenzephalogrammbasierten Monitoring während Allgemeinanästhesie

Author: J. Knapp, Jamie Sleigh, H. A. Kaiser, Frank Stüber, Darren Hight, and Michael S. Avidan
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Consciousness, Allgemeinanästhesie, Allgemeinanästhetika, Anesthesia, General, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030202 anesthesiology, Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring, CME, Intraoperatives neurophysiologisches Monitoring, Medicine, Humans, Propofol, Anesthetics, Gynecology, Bewusstsein, Dosis-Wirkung-Beziehung, Arzneimittel, business.industry, Brain, Electroencephalography, General Medicine, Anesthetics, general, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Dose-response relationship, drug, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The electroencephalogram (EEG) is increasingly being used in the clinical routine of anesthesia in German-speaking countries. In over 90% of patients the frontal EEG changes somewhat predictably in response to administration of the normally used anesthetic agents (propofol and volatile gasses). An adequate depth of anesthesia and appropriate concentrations of anesthetics in the brain generate mostly frontal oscillations between 8 and 12 Hz as well as slow delta waves between 0.5 and 4 Hz. The frontal EEG channel is well-suited for avoidance of insufficient depth of anesthesia and excessive administration of anesthetics. This article explains the clinical interpretation of the most important EEG patterns and the biophysical background. Also discussed are important limitations and pitfalls for the clinical routine, which the anesthetist should know in order to utilize the EEG as an admittedly incomplete but clinically extremely important parameter for the level of consciousness.Das Elektroenzephalogramm (EEG) findet im klinischen Alltag der Anästhesie des deutschsprachigen Raumes zunehmend Anwendung. Bei über 90 % der Patienten ändert sich das frontale EEG als Reaktion auf die Gabe der gebräuchlichen Narkotika (Propofol und volatile Narkosegase) in typischer Weise. Eine adäquate Narkosetiefe und angemessene Konzentrationen der Anästhetika im Gehirn erzeugen meist frontale Oszillationen zwischen 8 und 12 Hz (α-Oszillationen) sowie langsame δ‑Wellen zwischen 0,5 und 4 Hz. Die frontale EEG-Ableitung eignet sich gut zur Vermeidung einer unzureichenden Narkosetiefe bzw. einer Überdosierung von Anästhetika. Im Folgenden werden die klinische Interpretation der wichtigsten EEG-Muster und ihr biophysikalischer Hintergrund erläutert. Ebenso werden wichtige Limitationen und „Fallstricke“ für den klinischen Alltag diskutiert, die der Anästhesist kennen sollte, um das EEG als zwar unvollständigen, aber klinisch äußerst wichtigen Parameter des Bewusstseinslevels zu nutzen.
Published: 2021

41. Drugs affecting the heart: anti-hypertensives

Author: Claire A. Knapp and Andrew J. Deacon
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Anti-Hypertensives, Vasodilation, Water excretion, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, Autonomic nervous system, 0302 clinical medicine, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Intensive care, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Intensive care medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Antihypertensive medication
Abstract: It is common for patients presenting for surgery and requiring anaesthesia, and those unwell in intensive care, to be prescribed antihypertensive medication for the treatment of primary hypertension and other associated conditions. Antihypertensive drugs affect a range of targets including the renin-angiotensin system, Na+/water excretion, autonomic nervous system and direct vasodilatation. The physiology of hypertension, the pharmacology of antihypertensive agents and national treatment guidelines will be discussed in this article.
Published: 2021
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42. National disparities in access to physical therapy after rotator cuff repair between patients with Medicaid vs. private health insurance

Author: Ian R. Penvose, Emily J. Curry, Brock Knapp, Xinning Li, and Robert L. Parisien
Subjects: Shoulder, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Access to care, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, Insurance status, Rotator Cuff, Rotator cuff Repair, medicine, Chi-square test, Health insurance, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Rotator cuff, health care economics and organizations, Orthopedic surgery, Government, Univariate analysis, Rehabilitation, Affordable Care Act, Medicaid, business.industry, medicine.anatomical_structure, RC925-935, Physical therapy, Surgery, business, RD701-811
Abstract: Background: Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is an effective treatment for patients with symptomatic rotator cuff tears. Ensuring timely and appropriate postoperative access to physical therapy (PT) is paramount to the achievement of optimal patient outcomes. Extended immobility due to a lack of formal rehabilitation can lead to decreased range of motion, continued pain, and potential reoperation for stiffness. The purpose of this study is to evaluate national disparities in access to PT services after rotator cuff repair between patients with private vs. Medicaid insurance. This study will further evaluate differences in access to PT services between states that have previously undergone Medicaid expansion as compared with those states which have not. Methods: The American Physical Therapy Association Website was used to identify 10 physical therapy practices from the capital city in every state. Each physical therapy practice was contacted using a mock-patient script for a patient with Medicaid insurance or private (Blue Cross Blue Shield) insurance. To maintain anonymity, calls were made by two separate investigators. Univariate analysis included independent sample t-test for differences between the study groups for continuous variables. Chi square or Fisher's exact test assessed differences in discrete variables between the study groups. Results: Contact was made with 465 of 510 (91.2%) physical therapy practices. Overall, 52.7% accepted Medicaid insurance, while 94.9% accepted private insurance (P < .001). Medicaid insurance was more likely to be accepted in a Medicaid expansion state than a nonexpansion state (56.1% vs. 46.3%, P = .05). Private insurance was also more likely to be accepted in a Medicaid expansion state than a nonexpansion state (96.7% vs. 91.3%, P = .01). The time to first appointment varied more in Medicaid expansion states (private range: 0-43 days, Medicaid range: 0-72 days) than in nonexpansion states (private range: 0-11 days, medicaid range: 0-10 days). Conclusion: Significantly fewer PT practices accepted Medicaid insurance nationally compared with private insurance, which suggests that patients with Medicaid insurance have greater difficulty accessing PT after rotator cuff repair in the United States compared with patients with private insurance. While Medicaid insurance was more likely to be accepted in a Medicaid expansion state, this finding was only borderline significant, which indicates that patients in Medicaid expansion states are still having difficulty accessing PT, despite efforts to expand government insurance coverage to improve access to care. Orthopedic surgeons should counsel their patients with Medicaid insurance to seek out PT as early as possible in the postoperative period to avoid delays in rehabilitation.
Published: 2021
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43. The impact of COVID-19 upon student radiographers and clinical training

Author: Karen M. Knapp, D O'Leary, Luís Lança, C. Buissink, Louise Rainford, Moreno Zanardo, Jonathan P. McNulty, Robin Decoster, T. Starc, Sarah J. Lewis, Mark F. McEntee, B. Kraus, W. Hennessy, Helle Precht, and T.B. Mahlaola
Subjects: Students, Medical, Radiography education, Infection control, Anxiety, Educational institution, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Occupational Stress, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Pandemic, media_common, Radiographers, Communication, Clinical placement, Feeling, Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Preceptorship, Clinical Competence, Radiology, Psychology, Accommodation, Attitude of health personnel, Adult, Adolescent, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Isolation (health care), Attitude of Health Personnel, media_common.quotation_subject, education, Clinical competence, Article, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Students, Pandemics, Personal protective equipment, Infection Control, Medical education, Academic year, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, COVID-19, Occupational stress, Medical students, Coronavirus, Radiography, Young adult, Risk factors, Surveys and questionnaires, business
Abstract: Introduction To investigate student clinical placement concerns and opinions, during the initial COVID-19 pandemic outbreak and to inform educational institution support planning. Methods Between mid-June to mid-July 2020, educational institutions from 12 countries were invited to participate in an online survey designed to gain student radiographer opinion from a wide geographical spread and countries with varying levels of COVID-19 cases. Results 1277 respondents participated, of these 592 had completed clinical placements during January to June 2020. Accommodation and cohabiting risks were identified as challenging, as was isolation from family, travel to clinical placements, and to a lesser extent childcare. Students stated they had been affected by the feeling of isolation and concerns about the virus whilst on placement. Overall 35.4% of all respondents were ‘Not at all worried’ about being a radiographer, however, 64.6% expressed varying levels of concern and individual domestic or health situations significantly impacted responses (p ≤ 0.05). Year 4 students and recent graduates were significantly more likely to be ‘Not worried at all’ compared to Year 2 and 3 students (p ≤ 0.05). The need for improved communication regarding clinical placements scheduling was identified as almost 50% of students on clinical placements between January to June 2020 identified the completion of assessments as challenging. Furthermore, only 66% of respondents with COVID-19 imaging experience stated being confident with personal protective equipment (PPE) use. Conclusion Student radiographers identified key challenges which require consideration to ensure appropriate measures are in place to support their ongoing needs. Importantly PPE training is required before placement regardless of prior COVID-19 imaging experience. Implications for practice As the next academic year commences, the study findings identify important matters to be considered by education institutions with responsibility for Radiography training and as students commence clinical placements during the on-going global COVID-19 pandemic.
Published: 2021
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44. Maska brzuszna ostrego zespołu wieńcowego czy ... ? Celowość włączenia badania przesiewowego aorty brzusznej do rutynowego protokołu badania echokardiograficznego

Author: Małgorzata Knapp, Anna Lisowska, Bożena Sobkowicz, Katarzyna Wilk-Śledziewska, Emilia Sawicka, and Tomasz Lewczuk
Subjects: Abdominal pain, medicine.medical_specialty, Ejection fraction, business.industry, Abdominal aorta, valvular heart disease, medicine.disease, Common iliac artery, Aortic aneurysm, medicine.artery, Internal medicine, cardiovascular system, medicine, Cardiology, Iliac Aneurysm, Thrombus, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: An 86-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes and hypothyroidism, was admitted due to weakness and atypical chest pain accompanied by dyspnoea, abdominal pain, vomiting and lack of appetite. Also, a month ago the patient underwent left lower limb erysipelas and reported a 10 kg decrease in body weight over the past year. On admission, the patient was hemodynamically stable. Electrocardiography revealed sinus rhythm, first-degree atrioventricular block, and persistent ST-segment depression in the anterolateral loads. Biochemical tests revealed elevated high-sensitivity troponin level and high N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide concentration. Echocardiography showed normal left ventricle systolic function, ejection fraction of 50%, without evidence of significant valvular heart disease. Taking into consideration all of the above, the diagnosis of the acute coronary syndrome was proposed. Due to the standards applied in our echocardiography protocol (screening of abdominal aorta dimension in people over 65-years-old), a significant widening of the abdominal aorta was found. In computed tomography angiogram, abdominal 57 mm aortic aneurysm with a haemorrhagic thrombus and right iliac aneurysm with a large thrombus with deep ulceration were confirmed. The whole clinical picture suggests that the patien’s complaints resulted from the presence of large abdominal aortic and common iliac artery aneurysms, accompanied by pressure on the adjacent abdominal organs and with a high risk of sudden rupture. The described case confirms the validity of supplementing routine echocardiographic protocol with a screening assessment of the abdominal aorta, following European Society of Cardiology guidelines. Accurate diagnosis, in this case, protected the patient from acute coronary syndrome invasive treatment, which could result in intensive anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy implementation and lead to life-threatening complications.
Published: 2021
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45. Sustainable Corporate Governance: A Way Forward?

Author: Vanessa Knapp
Subjects: business.industry, Corporate governance, Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous), Accounting, Business, Law
Abstract: This article looks at proposals to improve sustainable corporate governance of companies. These include: how to deal with shareholder primacy; a proposed requirement for companies to have an overarching purpose “to create sustainable value within planetary boundaries;” a directors’ duty to promote the undertaking’s interests to fulfil its overarching purpose; a directors’ duty to balance stakeholders’ interests; a duty to undertake a due diligence sustainability assessment; company and director liability for breaches; stakeholder enforcement of directors’ duties and public enforcement of directors’ duties. It considers problems with the proposals. It suggests alternative ways to make companies’ corporate governance more sustainable, including: improved corporate reporting relating to engagement with key stakeholders and how this contributes to the company’s long-term sustainability; better viability reporting by companies; reporting on capital allocation; better stewardship similar to the UK Stewardship Code 2020; more collaborative engagement by shareholders with companies in a manner similar to that promoted by the UK Investor Forum; making requisitioning of resolutions work better in practice; and, possibly, a vote on whether the company is creating sustainable value in the long term (a say on sustainability).
Published: 2021
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46. Portable Neuromonitoring Device Detects Large Vessel Occlusion in Suspected Acute Ischemic Stroke

Author: Roderick W. Fontenette, Francis L. Counselman, Jennifer L. Parker-Cote, Madeleine R. Wilcox, Henry E. Wang, W. Frank Peacock, John J. Kelly, Lane M. Smith, Andrew S. Bouffler, Misty Ottman, Barry J. Knapp, Charles J. Feronti, Bruce J. Derrick, Liam Berti, Joseph P. Herres, Paulina Sergot, Andrew Maza, Matthew R. Kesinger, Shreyansh Shah, and Daniel K. Nishijima
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Stroke severity, Early detection, Electroencephalography, Sensitivity and Specificity, Endovascular therapy, Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Stroke, Acute ischemic stroke, Aged, Ischemic Stroke, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Neurophysiological Monitoring, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Ischemic stroke, Cardiology, Female, Neurology (clinical), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Large vessel occlusion
Abstract: Background and Purpose: Early detection of large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke optimizes endovascular therapy and improves outcomes. Clinical stroke severity scales used for LVO identification have variable accuracy. We investigated a portable LVO-detection device (PLD), using electroencephalography and somatosensory-evoked potentials, to identify LVO stroke. Methods: We obtained PLD data in suspected patients with stroke enrolled prospectively via a convenience sample in 8 emergency departments within 24 hours of symptom onset. LVO discriminative signals were integrated into a binary classifier. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was documented, and 4 prehospital stroke scales were retrospectively calculated. We compared PLD and scale performance to diagnostic neuroimaging. Results: Of 109 patients, there were 25 LVO (23%), 38 non-LVO ischemic (35%), 14 hemorrhages (13%), and 32 stroke mimics (29%). The PLD had higher sensitivity (80% [95% CI, 74–85]) and similar specificity (80% [95% CI, 77–83]) to all prehospital scales at their predetermined high probability LVO thresholds. The PLD had high discrimination for LVO ( C -statistic=0.88). Conclusions: The PLD identifies LVO with superior accuracy compared with prehospital stroke scales in emergency department suspected stroke. Future studies need to validate the PLD’s potential as an LVO triage aid in prehospital undifferentiated stroke populations.
Published: 2021
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47. DElayed COloRectal cancer care during COVID-19 Pandemic (DECOR-19): Global perspective from an international survey

Author: Santoro, Giulio A., Grossi, Ugo, Murad-Regadas, Sthela, Nunoo-Mensah, Joseph W., Mellgren, Anders, Di Tanna, Gian Luca, Gallo, Gaetano, Tsang, Charles, Wexner, Steven D, LA TORRE, Filippo, Abary Ryan Rainiel, A, Philippines, Abdelwahab Khaled M, Egypt, Abellán Antonio M, Spain, Abraham Ned, Australia, Achkasov Sergey I, Russia, Adamina Michel, Switzerland, Adamo Vincenzo, Italy, Agapov Mikhail, Russia, Agarwal Amit, Usa, Aguado López Héctor, Spain, Aguilar Werner, Chile, AguilarMartínez María Del Mar AM, Spain, Aguilera Asuncion, Spain, Ahmed Jamil, Uk, Aiello Domenico, Italy, Akagi Tomonori, Japan, Akcakaya Adem, Turkey, Akhtar Khalid I, Pakistan, Akiba Ricardo, Brazil, Akrami Majid, Iran, Akyol Cihangir, Turkey, Alaamer Ohood H, Saudi Arabia, Alapati Kishore, India, Alasari Sami, Saudi Arabia, Albastaki Sara, Uae, Albergaria Diogo, Portugal, Alconchel Felipe, Spain, Alerta-Torre Andrea J, Philippines, Alex Ochsner, Switzerland, Alexander Herold, Germany, Alfaro Samuel, El Salvador, Ali Jehangir F, Pakistan, Aliyazicioglu Tolga, Turkey, Almgla Naser, South Africa, Alonsopoza Alfredo, Spain, Al-Radjid Jamiri, Philippines, Alselaim Nahar A, Saudi Arabia, Altaf Kiran K, Uk, Althebaity Rasha, Saudi Arabia, Altinel Yuksel, Turkey, Altiparmak Basak, Turkey, Altomare Donato F, Italy, Alvandipour Mina, Iran, Alvarez-Gallego Mario, Spain, Alyami Mohammad, Saudi Arabia, Amado Sandra, Portugal, Amato Antonio, Italy, Amodio Pietro M, Italy, Ana-Maria Mușină, Romania, Andrade Luis, Chile, Andreas Kohler, Switzerland, Angelini Giulio, Italy, Angenete Eva, Sweden, Annicchiarico Alfredo, Italy, Antelo Galarza Renan, Bolivia, Anwer Mariyah, Pakistan, Aparício David J, Portugal, Arciniega Jose A, Mexico, Arezzo Alberto, Italy, Argenio Giulio, Italy, Arenas Mara, Belgium, Arnaud Alves AA, France, Arredondo Jorge, Spain, Arslan Baha, Turkey, Arya Shobhit, Uk, Aselmann Heiko, Germany, Aumann Georg, Germany, Avanzolini Andrea, Italy, Avendano Rodolfo, Chile, Awedew Atalel F, Ethiopia, Ayantunde Abraham, Uk, Aycan Ilker, Turkey, Aytac Erman, Turkey, Azevedo Constança TM, Portugal, Ba Am, Iraq, Bader Fg, Germany, Baehrle Markus, Germany, Bagaglini Giulia, Italy, Balaban Vladimir, Russia, Balciscueta Zutoia, Spain, Balciscueta Izaskun, Spain, Baldazzi Gianandrea, Italy, Balik Emre, Turkey, Bandolon Robert, Philippines, Barberis Andrea, Italy, Barisic Goran I, Serbia, Barrera Alejandro, Chile, Barros Inês MSF, Portugal, Basaran Betul, Turkey, Basilio Pedro C, Brazil, Bech Flemming, Denmark, Behboo Roubik, Iran, Behboudi Behnam, Iran, Beitia Ivan E, Panama, Bellato Vittoria, Italy, Bellolio Felipe, Chile, Benli Sami, Turkey, Bernal Jc, Spain, Bernante Paolo, Italy, Berrospi Francisco E, Peru, Bertelson Noelle, Usa, Bevan Katharine, Uk, Bhama Anuradha, Usa, Bianco Francesco, Italy, Bievel Radulescu Raluca, Romania, Bintraiki Thamer, Saudi Arabia, Bisgin Tayfun, Turkey, Bislenghi Gabriele, Belgium, Blaslaina Juanluis, Spain, Bloom Itm, Uk, Boehm Gabriele, Germany, Bogoni Selene, Italy, Bohlooli Mehrdad, Iran, Bondurri Andrea, Italy, Boni Luigi, Italy, Bonomi Alessandro Michele, Italy, Booning Nitikun, Thailand, Boonpipattanapong Teeranut, Thailand, Bordeianou Liliana, Usa, Bossard Kerrie, Usa, Botelho Maria, Portugal, Boto Carlos, Portugal, Bottini Corrado, Italy, Bouchagier Konstantinos, Greece, Boutall Adam, South Africa, Bowers Dan, Usa, Bozbiyik Osman, Turkey, Brambilla Eduardo, Brazil, Brisinda Giuseppe, Italy, Brizzi Maria Pia, Italy, Brizzolari Marco, Italy, Brusciano Luigi, Italy, Bucci Luigi, Italy, Buchwald Pam, Sweden, Bugra Dursun, Turkey, Bui Andrew, Australia, Buldanlı Mehmet Zeki, Turkey, Bulut Orhan, Denmark, Cagigas Fernandez Carmen, Spain, Cai Yuankun, China, Calcerrada Alises Enrique, Spain, Caldes Pedro, Portugal, Calussi Marco, Italy, Calvo Espino Pablo, Spain, Campanelli Michela, Italy, Campbell Ken, Uk, Campennì Paola, Italy, Canda Arasemre, Turkey, Capolupo Gabriella T, Italy, Caravana Jorge, Portugal, Carballo Federico HE, Argentina, Carbone Fabio, Italy, Carcamo Leonardo C, Chile, Cardoso Paulo, Portugal, Cariati Maria, Italy, Caricato Marco, Italy, Carmona Maria, Spain, Carpelan Holmstrom Monika, Finland, Carrié Augusto J, Argentina, Carrino Francesco, Italy, Cartucho Daniel DF, Portugal, Carvalho Marcia, Portugal, Carvas João M, Portugal, Casagranda Biagio, Italy, Casimiro Carlos, Portugal, Castro Anyely, Dominican Republic, Catiwala-An Michael T, Philippines, Caushaj Philip F, Usa, Cavallo Debora, Italy, Cedermas Mariela, Argentina, Celayir Fevzi, Turkey, Celentano Valerio, Uk, Cengiz Fevzi, Turkey, Chaisomboon Nopdanai, Thailand, Chenghua Luo, China, Cherepenin Mikhail, Russia, Chessa Antonella, Italy, Chierici Andrea, France, Chok Aikyong, Singapore, Chouliaras Christos, Greece, Chowchankit Irin, Thailand, Christou Niki, France, Chun Hokyung, South Korea, Cillara Nicola, Italy, Cinza Margarida, Portugal, Cione Gianpiero, Italy, Cipe Gokhan, Turkey, Ciprian Duta, Romania, Cirocco William, Usa, Citgez Bulent, Turkey, Clark Jill E, Usa, Clementi Ilaria IC, Italy, Clerc Daniel, Switzerland, Clermonts Journal Pre-proof 39 Stefan HEM, Netherlands, Cobellis Luigi, Italy, Colak Tahsin, Turkey, Colao Garcia Laura, Spain, Colombo Francesco, Italy, Comba Andrea, Italy, Coret Franco Alba CFA, Spain, Correa Bonito Alba, Spain, Cosman Bard, Usa, Costa Susana GS, Portugal, Costa Marta RP, Portugal, Costa Pereira Joaquim, Portugal, Cózar Lozano Coral, Spain, Cravero Francesca, Italy, Creavin Ben, Ireland, Cross Katie LR, Uk, Cruz Arturo, Spain, Cui Junhui, China, Cunha Miguel F, Portugal, Curado Antonio, Portugal, D'Ugo Stefano, Italy, Dajti Irida, Albania, Dalessandro Antonio, France, Dal Monte Giorgio, Italy, Danelli Piergiorgio, Italy, Daniels Ian R, Uk, Dar Asif M, India, Davies Richard J, Uk, De Andrés Beatriz, Spain, De Angelis Marsilio, Italy, De Falco Nadia, Italy, De Luca Maurizio, Italy, De Luca Raffaele, Italy, De Nardi Paola, Italy, De Rosa Michele, Italy, De Silva Kaluthanthiri Patabanadi VR, Sri Lanka, De Simone Veronica, Italy, De Wilt Johannes HW, Netherlands, De-León-Rendón Jorge Luis, Mexico, Dean Phillip, Usa, Deangelis Nicola, France, Dedemadi Georgia, Greece, Delgadillo Xavier, Switzerland, Delgadillo Edgar, Switzerland, D’Elia Antonio, Italy, Delibegovic Samir, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Delis S, Greece, Della Porta Massimiliano, Italy, Del Rio Paolo, Italy, De Marano Gaetano, Italy, Demey Karel, Belgium, Demirli Atıcı Semra, Turkey, Denoya Paula I, Usa, Derebey Murat, Turkey, De Santis Mariangela, France, Devezas Vítor BS, Portugal, Dhaif Ali, Bahrain, Diaconescu Bogdan, Romania, Di Candido Francesca, Italy, Die Javier, Spain, Dieguez Beatriz, Spain, Dieter Hahnloser, Switzerland, Diez Alonso Manuel, Spain, Dimaren Ishmael, Philippines, Disimone Massimo, Italy, Doerner Johannes, Germany, Domingos Hugo VG, Portugal, Dominguez Rubén RD, Paraguay, Dorenbusch Michael, Usa, Doulias Triantafyllos A, Uk, Duff Sarah, Uk, Dulskas Audrius, Lithuania, Dunn Gary, Usa, Duque-Mallén Victoria, Spain, Dusek Tomas, Czech Republic, Dusitanond Navara, Thailand, Dzulkarnaen Zakaria Andee, Malaysia, Dworkin Michael, United Kingdom, Dybau Aleh, Belarus, Dziakova Jana, Spain, Dziki Lukasz, Poland, Dziki Adam, Poland, Efetov Sergey K, Russia, Eisa Mohamed, Egypt, Eisenstat Ted, Usa, El Sorogy Mohamed, Egypt, El-Hussuna Alaa, Denmark, Elfeki Hossam, Egypt, Elhussuna Alaa, Denmark, Eliasrabelo Fernanda, Brazil, Ellis Tyler, Usa, Elzalabany Tamer, Egypt, Emile Sameh H, Egypt, Emiroglu Mustafa, Turkey, Emmanuel Odet, France, Enomoto Masanobu, Japan, Epifani Angelo Gabriele, Italy, Erenler Ilknur, Turkey, Erkan Arman, Usa, Erol Timuçin, Turkey, Erturk Suphan, Turkey, Escalante Ricardo, Venezuela, Escartin Jorg, Spain, Escrevente Ricardo, Portugal, Espin-Basany Eloy, Spain, Estaire-Gomez Mercedes, Spain, Falaschi Federica, Italy, Falken Ylva, Sweden, Fantini Corrado, Italy, Fantozzi Mauricio, Argentina, Farid Asim, Usa, Farina Pablo, Argentina, Farmer Russ, Usa, Farmer Martin, Uk, Faul Eleanor M, Ireland, Favara Andrea, Italy, Febra Pedro, Portugal, Fenner Lyra Junior Humberto, Brazil, Fermani Claudio, Argentina, Fernandes Fábio FN, Portugal, Fernandes Miguel, Portugal, Ferracci Federica, Italy, Ferrara Francesco, Italy, Ferrari Giovanni, Italy, Ferrario Luca, Italy, Ferreira Rita, Portugal, Ferreira Carlos, Portugal, Ferris Jeff, Usa, Ferronetti Antonio, Italy, Fialho Guilherme L, Portugal, Fichera Alessandro, Usa, Figueiredo Odete, Portugal, Filipe Vieira Pedro JG, Portugal, Fiore Felicia, Italy, Folliero Cristina, Italy, Folstad Torbjorn, Norway, Forerotorres Alexander, Spain, Forgan Timothy R, South Africa, Franceschilli Marzia, Italy, Frizelle Frank, New Zealand, Froehner Junior Ilario, Brazil, Frois Miguel, Portugal, Frontali Alice, France, Fu Chuangang, China, Fulginiti Serena, Italy, Galiffa Giampaolo, Italy, Gallagher Hugh J, Uk, Gallardo Cristian, Chile, Galleano Raffaele, Italy, Gama Barbara, Portugal, Garcia Conde Maria, Spain, Garcia Granero Alvaro, Spain, Garcia Esther, Spain, García Sánchez Felipe, Spain, Garcia Septiem Javier, Spain, Garcia Walter, Argentina, Garcia-Urena Miguel Angel, Spain, Garmanova Tatiana N, Russia, Garofalo Thomas, Usa, Garoufalia Zoe, Greece, Garulli Gianluca, Italy, Gatti Matteo, Italy, Gecim Ethem, Turkey, Gellona Jose, Chile, Gercek Yuksel, Uk, Ghignone Federico, Italy, Gianchandani Moorjani Rajesh, Spain, Gianfrancisco James A, Usa, Giani Iacopo, Italy, Gibert Juan, Spain, Gilles Manceau, France, Gilmore Andrew, Australia, Gilsanz Carlos, Spain, Gilshtein Hayim, Usa, Girgin Behic, Turkey, Giria Joao, Portugal, Giuffrida Maria Carmela, Italy, Giuliani Antonio, Italy, Goi Gloria, Italy, Golovina Anastasiya, Russia, Gomez Rosado Juan Carlos, Spain, González Enrique, Spain, Granada Nemesio, Philippines, Grimme Frederike, Netherlands, Grobler Stephen, South Africa, Guaitoli Eleonora, Italy, Guerci Claudio, Italy, Guerra Daniel, Mexico, Guerreiro José MM, Portugal, Guido Jutten, Belgium, Gulcu Baris, Turkey, Gunay Emre, Turkey, Gundes Ebubekir, Turkey, Gurbuz Bulent, Turkey, Gurjar Shashank, Uk, Hainsworth Alison J, Uk, Hall Nigel, Uk, Hamed Hosam H, Egypt, Hammer Clare, Uk, Hannon Rob, Ireland, Harmston Christopher, New Zealand, Harran Nadine, South Africa, Hartendorp Paul, Usa, Hassan Iyad, Uae, Hassan Imran, Usa, Hawkins Alexander T, Usa, Hayssen Theresa, Usa, Hendren Samantha, Usa, Hernandez Garcia Miguel, Spain, Hershman Michael, Journal Pre-proof 40 UK, Hild Stefanie, Germany, Hilton Joanna, Uk, Hiranyakas Art, Thailand, Ho Ming, Australia, Hollington Paul, Australia, Holubar Stefan, Usa, Hompes Roel, Netherlands, Houcine Maghrebi, Tunisia, Hovsepyan Vardges, Armenia, Hul Rene, Netherlands, Hunt Louise E, Uk, Hyder Zargham, Uk, Ibrahim Aini F, Malaysia, Iglesias Gustavo, Brazil, Iesalnieks Igors, Germany, Ilkanich Andrei, Russia, Imanova Nargiz, Azerbaijan, Isik Arda, Turkey, Jayathilaka Buddika, Uk, Jimenez Virginia, Spain, Jimenez-Gomez Luis Miguel, Spain, Jitmungngan Romyen, Thailand, Joelsson Magnus, Sweden, Joshi Heman, Uk, Juloski Jovan T, Serbia, Juwid Abdallah E, Libya, Kanjanasilp Prapon, Thailand, Kannappa Lava, Uk, Kanno Danilo, Brazil, Kaplan Esin, Turkey, Kara Yasin, Turkey, Kartal Abdulcabbar, Turkey, Kawamura Junichiro, Japan, Kaya Tayfun, Turkey, Kazemi Nava Andrea, Italy, Kazachenko Ekaterina A, Russia, Kelkar Ashish, Uk, Kelly Michael E, Ireland, Keramati Mohammad Reza, Iran, Kerawala Asad, Pakistan, Khalil Mohammad I, Bangladesh, Khan Jim S, Uk, Khan Rbn, Uk, Khitaryan Alexander, Russia, Kinjo Tatsuya, Japan, Kirilova Tanya N, Bulgaria, Kirmizi Yasemin, Turkey, Klaristenfeld Daniel, Usa, Knapp Jens, Norway, Koc Mehmet A, Turkey, Kocián Petr, Czechia, Konishi Tsuyoshi, Japan, Konstantoudakis Georgios, Cyprus, Konsten Joop, Netherlands, Kontovounisios Christos, Uk, Korkmaztoker Melike, Turkey, Kørner, Hartwig, Norway, Krdzic Igor, D, Serbia, Krivokapic Zoran, Serbia, Kumar Sanjeev, India, Kumar Sandip, Malaysia, Kushtrim Shala, Germany, Kynaston James, Uk, Langmayr Johannes, Austria, La Torre Marco, Italy, La Torre Filippo, Italy, Labalde Maria, Spain, Lagopoulos Vasileios, Greece, Lal Roshan, Uk, Landaluce- Olavarria Aitor, Spain, Langone Antonio, Italy, Lapolla Pierfrancesco, Italy, Larach Sergio, Usa, Larach, Andres, Chile, Larsson, Peranders, Sweden, Lasala Alfred, Philippines, Lauretta Andrea, Italy, Leao Pedro, Portugal, Lee Pamela C, Usa, Lee Suk-Hwan, South Korea, Lee Wooyong, South Korea, Lefevre Jeremie H, France, Leite Julio, Portugal, Lemaire Julien, Belgium, Lemma Maria, Italy, Lemme Gustavo Nestor, Argentina, Lenna Giovanni, Italy, Leo Cosimo Alex, Uk, Leventoglu Sezai, Turkey, Licardie Eugenio, Spain, Lienert Mark, Germany, Lima Sergio, Brazil, Limbert Manuel CSB, Portugal, Lisi Giorgio, Italy, Litta Francesco, Italy, Littaua Dennis, Philippines, Liu Fanlong, China, Liyanage Chris, New Zealand, Llovera Antony, Cuba, Lo Oswens, China, Lo Dico Rea, France, Lobascio Pierluigi, Italy, Lohsiriwat Varut, Thailand, Lombana Luis, Colombia, Lopez Marc, Philippines, Lopez Jose, Mexico, Lopez Francisco, Chile, Lorber Julie, Usa, Losada Manuel, Spain, Lowenfeld Lea, Usa, Lucci Enrico, Italy, Luglio Gaetano, Italy, Lynch Craig, Australia, Luqman, Pakistan, Machairas Nikolaos, Uk, Maciel João MRP, Portugal, Madbouly Khaled, Egypt, Madhoun, Nisreen, Usa, Maffioli, Anna, Italy, Magbojos Christian Raymond S, Philippines, Magistro Carmelo CM, Italy, Magrino Thomas, Usa, Makhoul Rami, Usa, Mallmann Karen DP, Brazil, Manatakis Dimitrios K, Greece, Mancini Stefano, Italy, Manfredelli Simone, France, Mangione John, Usa, Manso Antonio, Portugal, Marakutsa Eugen V, Moldova, Marano Alessandra, Italy, Marchesi Federico, Italy, Marchiori Mauro, Brazil, Marfan Michael, Australia, Marianelli Raphael, Brazil, Mariani Nicolò M, Italy, Marimuthu Kalimuthu, Uk, Marinello Franco, Spain, Marinis Athanasios, Greece, Marino Marco V, Italy, Markides Georgios, Cyprus, Marquez Lucila, Spain, Marra Angelo A, Italy, Martín Navarro Fabian, Mexico, Martin-Martin Gonzalo P, Spain, Martinez Javier, Spain, Martinez-Iglesias Marta A, Uk, Martins Ruben AFP, Portugal, Martins Ana RG, Portugal, Mascali Davide DM, Italy, Massucco Paolo, Italy, Matas Fernando, Spain, Mathew Alexander, Usa, Matzel Klaus E, Germany, Maun Dipen, Usa, Maurus Christine F, Switzerland, McCormick Jim, Usa, McIntyre Robert, Uk, McKinley Aileen, Uk, McLemore Lisa, Usa, McNeil Jennifer, Usa, McNevin Shane, Usa, Medich David, Usa, Medina Cesar, Mexico, Medina Quintana Rita E, Spain, Melo Ingrid, Paraguay, Melstrom Kurt A, Usa, Mendoza-Moreno Fernando, Spain, Menna Maria Paola, Italy, Mentz Ricardo, Argentina, Merlini David A, Italy, Mihmanli Mehmet, Turkey, Mike Spencer, Usa, Millan Monica, Spain, Miller Jerad, Usa, Milone Marco, Italy, Minahi Ilyas, Uk, Minaya-Bravo Ana María, Spain, Mingoli Andrea, Italy, Minicozzi Annamaria, Uk, Miranda Pedro, Portugal, Miro Antonio, Italy, Miskovic Danilo, Uk, Mistrangelo Massimiliano, Italy, Mitra Rajarshi, Uae, Mittal Rohin, India, Mladenovikj Dragoslav P, North Macedonia, Moctezuma Velázquez Paulina, Mexico, Mohamed Kamil Nil Amri, Malaysia, Mohammed Mohammed MH, Egypt, Mohsen Yasser MA, Uk, Monami Benoit N, Belgium, Monroe Justin, Usa, Monroy Hermogenes DJ, Philippines, Montori Giulia, Italy, Montuori Mauro, Italy, Mora-Guzmán Ismael, Spain, Moraes Ana, Brazil, Morales Carlos, Usa, Morelli Luca, Italy, Moreno Almudena, Spain, Moretto Gianluigi, Italy, Morici Riccardo, Italy, Morini Andrea, Italy, Moro-Valdezate David, Spain, Moroni Eliana, Italy, Morton Dion, Uk, Moura Catarina, Portugal, Moysidis Moysis M, Greece, Mozo Ana S, Spain, Nacion Aeris Jane D, Philippines, Nada Mohamed, Journal Pre-proof 41 Egypt, Nagasaki Toshiya, Japan, Nakamoto Yoshihiko, Japan, Neary Peter, Ireland, Negoi Ionut, Romania, Neijenhuis Peter A, Niger, Ng Simon SM, China, Niazi Samiullah, Pakistan, Nikoupour Hamed, Iran, Nogueiro Jorge PM, Portugal, Noguera Jose, Spain, Nova Carlos, Portugal, Nunes Amadeu, Portugal, O'Riordain Micheal G, Ireland, Oke Olatunbosun A, Nigeria, Okkabaz Nuri, Turkey, Oliva Cristiano, Italy, Oliveira Olga, Portugal, Oliveira Manuel, Portugal, Oliveira Antonio, Portugal, Oliveira Lucia CC, Brazil, Olivier James B, Uk, Olivier Pittet, Switzerland, Omejc Mirko, Slovenia, Ong Loreto B, Philippines, Ong David, Malaysia, Onglao Mark, Philippines, Onody Peter, Hungary, Orefice Raffaele, Italy, Ortega David, Peru, Ozben Volkan, Turkey, Ozcan Onder, Turkey, Ozturk Ersin, Turkey, Pacheco Andre, Portugal, Paci Marco, France, Paczosa Marcin, Poland, Padmanabhan Anantha, Usa, Pai Ajit, India, Palmer Gabriella, Sweden, Pandey Diwakar, India, Panis Yves, France, Pantel, Haddon, Paonariang Krisada, Thailand, Papa Mario V, Italy, Papadopoulos Aristeidis, Greece, Papagni Vincenzo, Italy, Papp Andras, Sweden, Parello Angelo, Italy, Parente Alessandro, Uk, Parra Pedro, Spain, PascualMigueláñez Isabel, Spain, Pata Francesco, Italy, Patel Nikhil, Usa, Patel Reeya, Uk, Pattyn Paul RL, Belgium, Paul Bikram, Usa, Pavanello Maurizio, Italy, Pedro Luis E, Argentina, Pellino Gianluca, Spain, Peltrini Roberto, Italy, Peña Ros Emilio, Spain, Pennacchi Luca UC, Italy, Pereira André, A Portugal, Pereira Bela, Portugal, Perez Guillermo, Ecuador, Perez Horacio, Portugal, Perez Natalia, Spain, Perez Flecha Marina, Spain, Perinotti Roberto, Italy, Pernazza Graziano, Italy, Perra Teresa, Italy, Pertile Davide, Italy, Pessia Beatrice, Italy, Pessoa Joana, Brazil, Petagna Lorenzo, Italy, Peters Walter, Usa, Petit Mindy, Usa, Petracca Gabriele Luciano, Italy, Pezzolla Francesco, Italy, Philp Matthew, Usa, Pianim Nana, Usa, Picciariello Arcangelo, Italy, Piccinini Pablo E, Argentina, Piccinni Giuseppe, Italy, Piccolo Davide, Italy, Pigalarga, Rodolfo, Pikarsky Alon J, Israel, Pimentel Alice, Portugal, Pinchot Scott, Usa, Pinotti Enrico, Italy, Pinto Diogo, Portugal, Pirozzi Felice, Italy, Plastiras Aris, Greece, Platto Marco, Italy, Plerhoples Tim, Usa, Podda Mauro, Italy, Poggi Luis, Peru, Polastri Roberto, Italy, Porcu Alberto, Italy, Porter Michael, Usa, Poskus Eligijus, Lithuania, Potolicchio Analia I, Argentina, Poylin Vitaliy, Usa, Pozzo Mauro, Italy, Pramateftakis Manos, Greece, Pravosudov Igor V, Russia, Praxedes Vanessa P, Portugal, Primoromaguera Vicent, Spain, Progno Valerio C, Italy, Proud David M, Australia, Pucciarelli Salvatore, Italy, Qadir Abdul, Uk, Qayoom Hina, Pakistan, Quindos Patricia, Spain, Quintanilha Rui, Portugal, Quinteros Francisco A, Usa, Qureshi Nafees, Uk, Rachadell Juan J, Portugal, Ralf Schmidt, Germany, Raman Shankar, Usa, Ramos Diego, Spain, Ramos Jose, Portugal, Ramwell, Andrew, Randazzo, Valentina, Rattanarpichart Patsaporn, Thailand, Ratto Carlo, Italy, Rautio Tero, Finland, Raviolo Carla, Italy, Read Thomas, Usa, Real Joao, Portugal, Rega Daniela, Italy, Regadas Francisco, Brazil, Regenbogen Scott, Usa, Reia Marta, Portugal, Reina Angel, Spain, Rems Miran, Slovenia, Rencuzogullari Ahmet, Turkey, Renwick Andrew A, Uk, Reyes Juan C, Colombia, Reyes Jeryl Anne Silvia R, Philippines, Ribeiro Jr Ulysses, Brazil, Ridzuan Farouk, Singapore, Ripetti Valter, Italy, Ripoll Cristina, Mexico, Ripollés-Melchor Javier, Spain, Rizal Rizal, Indonesia, Rizk Mariam, Uk, Rizvi Irfan, Usa, Robinson Jonathan, Uk, Rodimov Sergei, Russia, Rodrigues João VL, Brazil, Rodriguez Javier, Mexico, Rodriguez Cristian, Argentina, Rodriguez Homero, Panama, Rodriguez Garcia Jaime, Mexico, Roig Jose, Spain, Rojanasakul Arun, Thailand, Rojas Julio, Chile, Romanelli Elena, France, Rosa Fausto, Italy, Rosato Guillermo, Argentina, Rosenberg Robert, Switzerland, Rosete Manuel, Portugal, Roslani April C, Malaysia, Rottoli Matteo, Italy, Roxas Manuel Francisco Roxas T, Philippines, Roxburgh Campbell S, Uk, Ruan Joseph, Usa, Rubbini Michele M, Italy, Rubio Eduardo, Spain, Ruddy Theresa, Usa, Rueda Camilo, Spain, Ruiztovar Jaime, Spain, Rusconi Andrea, Italy, Rutegård Martin, Sweden, Sá Milene RRM, Portugal, Saad Luiz Henrique Cury, Brazil, Sadien Iannish D, Uk, Sadowski Brian M, Usa, Saeed Mirza Faraz, Bahrain, Safiyeva Aynur K, Azerbaijan, Sagap Ismail, Malaysia, Sahnan Kapil, Uk, Sairafi Rami, Saudi Arabia, Saklami Avanish P, India, Salgado-Nesme Noel NSN, Mexico, Salman Nevriye, Turkey, Samalavicius Narimantas E, Lithuania, Sambucci Daniele, Italy, Sanchez Noel, Usa, Sanchez Robles Juan Carlos, Mexico, Sanmiguel Carlos, Spain, Santacruz Eduardo, Paraguay, Santoni Simone, Italy, Santos Pedro MD, Portugal, Santos Brian U, Argentina, Santos Carlos, Portugal, Sapienza Paolo, Italy, Saracoglu Ayten, Turkey, Saracoglu Kemal T, Turkey, Sardinas Carlos, Venezuela, Sari Ramazan, Turkey, Sarma Diwakar, Uk, Sartori Alberto A, Italy, Sasia Diego, Italy, Sbaih Mohammed H, Saudi Arabia, Scabini Stefano, Italy, Scaringi Stefano, Italy, Scheinin Tom M, Finland, Schiavo Marcello, Italy, Schizas Alexis, Uk, Sciaudone Guido, Italy, Scognamillo Fabrizio, Italy, Scott Kelley, Usa, Scow Jeffrey S, Usa, Sechi Raffaele, Italy, Seehra Harkiran, Uk, Segering Joerg, Germany, Selcuk Mehtap, Turkey, Journal Pre-proof 42 Selemane Carlos, Mozambique, Seltman Ann, Usa, Selvaggi Francesco, Italy, Sensi Bruno, Italy, SeowChoen Francis, Singapore, Sernagiotto Carlo, Italy, Serralta De Colsa Daniel, Spain, Serrano González Javier, Spain, Sert Ismail, Turkey, Serventi Alberto, Italy, Sforza Sergio, Italy, Shabbir Jamshed, Uk, Shabeeb Fadel, Uae, Shafik Ali, Egypt, Shalaby Mostafa, Egypt, Shanker Bethann, Usa, Shanmugam Venkatesh, Uk, Shariff Umar, Uk, Shehta Ahmed, Egypt, Shelton Andrew, Usa, Shintaro Akamoto, Japan, Shlyk Daria, Russia, Shukla Amit, Uk, Sibio Simone, Italy, Sietze Koopal, Netherlands, Sigurdardottir Johanna, Sweden, Silva Jorge, Mexico, Silva Anaisa, Portugal, Simianu Val, Usa, Singh Baljit, Uk, Siragusa Leandro, Italy, Sirikurnpiboon Siripong, Thailand, Sivrikoz Emre, Turkey, Sizonenko Nikolay, Russia, Slavchev Mihail T, Bulgaria, Sniuolis Pranas, Lithuania, Soares Duarte, Qatar, Sojar Valentin, Slovenia, Sokmen Selman, Turkey, Sokol Thomas, Usa, Soldatov Denis, Russia, Soncini Stefania, Italy, Sordo Ricardo, Mexico, Sosa María V, Spain, Sousa Xavier, Portugal, Sozutek Alper, Turkey, Spiezio Giovanni, Italy, Spinelli Antonino, Italy, Stahl Etienne, Mexico, Stanojevic Goran Z, Serbia, Steckel Brian, Usa, Stefan Neagu, Romania, Stefanescu Victor, Romania, Steinhagen Randolph, Usa, Stella Marco, Italy, Stephensen Bree D, Australia, Stevenson Andrew RL, Australia, Stitzenberg Karyn, Usa, Strombom Paul, Usa, Sturiale Alessandro, Italy, Suhail Anjum, Pakistan, Sungurtekin Ugur, Turkey, Sutton Jeffrey M, Usa, Suwannakij Chanchai, Thailand, Szczepkowski Marek, Poland, Sztipits Tamas, Hungary, Takashi Akiyoshi, Japan, Takkenberg Marijn, Netherlands, Tallon-Aguilar Luis, Spain, Tam Michael, Usa, Tamburini Andrea M, Italy, Tamini Nicolò, Italy, Tammaro Pasquale, Italy, Tan Kerkan, Singapore, Tan Teerasan, Thailand, Tanal Mert, Turkey, Tanda Cinzia, Italy, Tang Jinghua, China, Tapiolas Ingrid, Uk, Täreby Magnus, Sweden, Tariverdiev Andrey, Russia, Tayar Serkan, Turkey, Tejedor Patricia, Spain, Terrosu Giovanni, Italy, Testa Alessandro, Italy, Tewari Shirish, Uk, Thabet Waleed, Egypt, Thakur Sukesh, India, Thomas Ehmann, Germany, Thomas Kuruc, Germany, Tiesi Vincenzo, Italy, Tin Moemoetin, Myanmar, Tita Agustin C, Argentina, Titu Liviu V, Uk, Tkachenko Fedot, Ukraine, Tonello Paolo, Italy, Tooley Richard, Usa, Torres Juan, Spain, Troci Albert, Italy, Trompetto Mario, Italy, Troncoso Pereira Paula, Spain, Tropeano Francesca Paola FP, Italy, Trostchansky Ivan, Uruguay, Tsujinaka Shingo, Japan, Tufo Andrea, Italy, Tulina Inna, Russia, Turati Luca, Italy, Turchina Catalin, Sweden, Turina Matthias, Switzerland, Tutino Roberta, Italy, Tyler Km, Usa, Uemura Mamoru, Japan, Unal Ayse G, Turkey, Uraiqat Ahmad, Jordan, Uribe Sebastián, Chile, V Duke, Usa, Vailati Bruna, Brazil, Vaingurt Mariano, Argentina, Valente Michael, Usa, Van Dellen Jonathan, Uk, Van Ramshorst Gabrielle H, Belgium, Vannelli Alberto, Italy, Vanriel W, Belgium, Varabei Aliaksandr, Belarus, Varcada Massimo, Uk, Varela Cristopher L, Venezuela, Varma Madhulika G, Usa, Vasapollo Leoluca F, Italy, Venn Mary L, Uk, Vercillo Kristin, Usa, Vergara-Fernandez Omar, Mexico, Veronesi Paolo, Italy, Vicente Aline, Brazil, Victor Tomulescu, Romania, Vieiradesousa Paulo, Portugal, Vignali Andrea, Italy, Vigorita Vincenzo, Spain, Vilchis Jose, Mexico, Villaverde Kathia, Peru, Vindevoghel Koen, Belgium, Violante Tommaso, Italy, Vitoopinyoparb Kasidin, Thailand, Voutsarakis Athanasios, Uk, Wainstein Ricardo, Argentina, Wakefield Simon, Uk, Wallon Conny, Sweden, Wang Yongbing, China, Wang Xiaodong, China, Wang Xiaofeng, China, Warden Claire, South Africa, Wei Rockson, China, Wheeler Matthew, Usa, Willem Bemelman, Netherlands, Wilson Matthew, Usa, Winter Des C, Ireland, Wongwiwatseree Yongsun, Thailand, Woon Kyung Jeong, South Korea, Wright Danette B, Australia, Wu Jiong, China, Wuraola Funmilola O, Nigeria, Xenaki Sofia A, Greece, Xiaohua Jiang, China, Xiaoqiang Jia, China, Xue Yahong, China, Xynos Evangelos, Greece, Yamada Kazunosuke, Japan, Yanar Hakan, Turkey, Yang Bolin, China, Yanishev Alexey, Russia, Yildirim Ali C, Turkey, Yildiz Ufukmete, Turkey, Yildiz Alp, Turkey, Yilmaz Mehmet, Turkey, Younis Muhammad Umar MUY, Uae, Yousef Zeyad, Saudi Arabia, Yu Dongsheng, China, Zalucki James, Usa, Zaman Ahamaduz, Bangladesh, Zamora Aída T, Spain, Zampitis Nikolaos, Cyprus, Zanus Giacomo, Italy, Zapata Gonzalo H, Argentina, Zelic Marko, Croatia, Zenger Serkan, Turkey, Zheng Jianyong, China, Zigiotto Daniele, Italy, Zmora Oded, Israel, Zoikas Athanasios, Greece, Zorcolo Luigi, Italy, Zucchella Martino, Italy, Zuhdy, Mohammad, Santoro G.A., Grossi U., Murad-Regadas S., Nunoo-Mensah J.W., Mellgren A., Di Tanna G.L., Gallo G., Tsang C., Rottoli M., and Wexner S.D.
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Delayed Diagnosis, Internationality, Colorectal cancer, colorectal surgery - COVID-19 - delay - treatment - outcomes, MEDLINE, colorectal cancer, 030230 surgery, medicine.disease_cause, Article, Time-to-Treatment, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Pandemic, medicine, Humans, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Elective surgery, Personal protective equipment, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, delayed surgery, Coronavirus, Infection Control, business.industry, Outbreak, medicine.disease, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Preparedness, Emergency medicine, Female, Surgery, Colorectal Neoplasms, business, Colorectal Surgery
Abstract: Background The widespread nature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been unprecedented. We sought to analyze its global impact with a survey on colorectal cancer (CRC) care during the pandemic. Methods The impact of COVID-19 on preoperative assessment, elective surgery, and postoperative management of CRC patients was explored by a 35-item survey, which was distributed worldwide to members of surgical societies with an interest in CRC care. Respondents were divided into two comparator groups: 1) ‘delay’ group: CRC care affected by the pandemic; 2) ‘no delay’ group: unaltered CRC practice. Results A total of 1,051 respondents from 84 countries completed the survey. No substantial differences in demographics were found between the ‘delay’ (745, 70.9%) and ‘no delay’ (306, 29.1%) groups. Suspension of multidisciplinary team meetings, staff members quarantined or relocated to COVID-19 units, units fully dedicated to COVID-19 care, personal protective equipment not readily available were factors significantly associated to delays in endoscopy, radiology, surgery, histopathology and prolonged chemoradiation therapy-to-surgery intervals. In the ‘delay’ group, 48.9% of respondents reported a change in the initial surgical plan and 26.3% reported a shift from elective to urgent operations. Recovery of CRC care was associated with the status of the outbreak. Practicing in COVID-free units, no change in operative slots and staff members not relocated to COVID-19 units were statistically associated with unaltered CRC care in the ‘no delay’ group, while the geographical distribution was not. Conclusions Global changes in diagnostic and therapeutic CRC practices were evident. Changes were associated with differences in health-care delivery systems, hospital’s preparedness, resources availability, and local COVID-19 prevalence rather than geographical factors. Strategic planning is required to optimize CRC care., Global changes in both diagnostic and therapeutic practices in colorectal cancer care were evident in this survey conducted to analyze the impact of COVID-19 outbreak. The importance of this finding is that changes were associated with differences in health care delivery systems, hospital’s preparedness, resources availability, and local COVID-19 prevalence rather than geographical variations.
Published: 2021
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48. Tree density effects on soil, herbage mass and nutritive value of understory Megathyrsus maximus in a seasonally dry tropical silvopasture in Panama

Author: Ryan Dibala, Jefferson S. Hall, Shibu Jose, Michael A. Gold, Robert L. Kallenbach, and Benjamin O. Knapp
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, business.industry, Forestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Understory, Biology, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Bulk density, Agronomy, Megathyrsus maximus, Productivity (ecology), Dry season, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Livestock, Silvopasture, Cultivar, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Silvopasture, an agroforestry practice combining forages, livestock, and trees, has been shown to optimize productivity and mitigate the effects of environmental stress on livestock, yet few ranchers in Panama deliberately incorporate trees into pastures. Panama’s Azuero Peninsula experiences a five-month dry season that results in substantial losses in grass productivity. We studied three cultivars of Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus cv. Massai, cv. Mombaza, and cv. Tanzania) under open (O), moderate (M), and dense (D) tree canopies. We hypothesized that changes in soil properties, herbage mass, and nutritive value would be optimized in M in agreement with the stress gradient hypothesis, which predicts an increase in facilitation with increasing environmental stress. Results after two years showed few changes in soil chemical properties, but bulk density decreased with increasing tree cover. Annually, O produced more herbage mass than M and D and Massai produced more herbage mass than Mombaza, but not compared to Tanzania. Nutritive value improved under tree cover, with D and M showing higher relative feed values than O. Massai demonstrated the greatest tolerance to drought in M, producing more herbage mass in February when compared to D and O. Results partially support the hypothesis, suggesting that herbage mass is greatest in M for Massai during the dry season, but greatest in O over the year. The observed productivity under moderate tree densities could result in improved animal welfare between the months of December and May, the critical dry period for this region.
Published: 2021
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49. Solitary fibrous tumor of the greater omentum: case report and review of literature

Author: Karim M. Eltawil, Bryce Knapp, and Carly Whalen
Subjects: Surgical resection, Solitary fibrous tumor, medicine.medical_specialty, RD1-811, Nausea, Case Report, Mitotic Count, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Neoplasm, Vascular pedicle, business.industry, Greater omentum, medicine.disease, Abdominal mass, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Surgery, Radiology, medicine.symptom, business, Omentum
Abstract: Background Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare neoplasm of mesenchymal origin occurring most often in the visceral pleura, however, it has been described in almost every anatomic location of the human body. While most SFTs have a benign behavior, they can potentially be locally aggressive and demonstrate a malignant behavior. Case presentation A 63 year-old male patient presented with lower abdominal pain and nausea and was noted on CT to have a large, heterogeneous lower abdominal mass with no evidence of metastatic disease. A surgical resection was performed and the mass appeared to be connected to the greater omentum with a vascular pedicle. It was not invading any intra-abdominal or pelvic organs. Pathology revealed an SFT of omental origin. The mitotic count was less than 4 per 10 high-power fields and all pathologic characteristics did not meet the criteria for a malignant SFT. Conclusions We report an extremely rare case of SFT originating from the greater omentum. A multidisciplinary team approach was followed to plan the patient’s management strategy.
Published: 2021

50. On the Future of Fission and Solar Energy

Author: Vladimir Knapp
Subjects: Fission, business.industry, Nuclear engineering, Environmental science, Solar energy, business, Energy (miscellaneous)
Abstract: Our attitudes towards the risks of climate change must be reconsidered. We must recognise that the consequences will be huge and inevitable if we do not act now. Better to accept a few false alarms rather than be unprepared for a climate catastrophe. An outstanding example is the calculation by groups from Germany and the UK in 2009 (1) of the allowable emissions of CO2 before a 2°C increase in global temperature is exceeded. This leaves very little time, only 4 to 8 years, for mitigation measures. Nuclear fission now presents a formidable fleet of some 450 reactors benefitting from over 50 years of operational experience. Throughout decades of development, they reached outstanding safety standards, exceeding those of most renewable sources. However, the threat of climate change is calling this perspective into question as nuclear technology requires long-term stability of institutions. The future of nuclear fission will be determined after the expiration of the next decade with the development of hydro, solar and wind energy as replacements. For Croatia, in view of future climate insecurity, we cannot recommend the construction of a nuclear power plant built to operate from 2043 to 2083 (2) as a replacement for the outgoing NE Krško plant. Instead, we should intensify the development of our renewable resources.
Published: 2021
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