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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a viral disease declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020, has posed great changes to many sectors of society across the globe. Its virulence and rapid dissemination have forced the adoption of strict public health measures in most countries, which, collaterally, resulted in economic hardship. This article is the first in a series of 3 that aims to contextualise the clinical impact of COVID-19 for the dental profession. It presents the epidemiological conditions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), namely, its modes of transmission, incubation, and transmissibility period, signs and symptoms, immunity, immunological tests, and risk management in dental care. Individuals in dental care settings are exposed to 3 potential sources of contamination with COVID-19: close interpersonal contacts (

Objective: The purpose of this correlation study was to evaluate a possible association between the styloid process size and different craniofacial skeletal patterns, in the sagittal and the vertical planes. Methods: 59 consecutive orthodontic adult patients were selected. The styloid process length was measured on pretreatment panoramic radiographs and the cephalometric skeletal variables on lateral cephalometric radiographs. Data were analyzed using independent sample T-Tests, Mann-Whitney U Tests and Spearman´s partial correlations (=5%). Results: Males exhibited longer styloid processes than females (p=0.029), with a mean difference of 7.5mm. Within each individual, right and left styloid process length was similar (r= 0.77; p

Objectives: This cephalometric study intended to evaluate pre-surgical changes in cephalometric variables on the lower third of the face produced by the orthodontic treatment, in patients with severe Class III malocclusions. Methods: The sample included 40 adults, divided into three groups: no-extractions (N), extractions for orthodontic reasons (E), and previous extractions for non-orthodontic reasons (E-NO). Student t-tests were used to evaluate the influence of orthodontic treatment on the cephalometric variables. An ANOVA was used for group comparisons before treatment and to compare the changes produced by the orthodontic treatment in the three groups. The significance level was established at 5%. Results: In Group E, significant (p

ObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of light exposure time on the adhesive strength and the failure mode of orthodontic brackets bonded to human enamel.Methods100 metal brackets were bonded with Transbond XT to the enamel bucal surface of human premolars. The sample was randomly divided into 5 experimental groups (n=20) according to the light exposure time (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10s) and light cured with an LED-curing device (1600mW/cm2). The specimens were thermocycled (5–55°C, 500 cycles), stored in distilled water (37°C, 7 days) and tested in shear, using an Instron universal machine (1 KN, 1mm/min). Failure mode was classified according to the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) using a stereomicroscope (20× magnification). Shear bond strength (SBS) data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey post hoc tests. The failure mode data were submitted to Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric test, followed by Tukey post hoc tests to the ranks. A significance level of 5% was set for all data.ResultsThe mean SBS values were 5.5±1.93MPa (2s), 7.4±1.95MPa (4s), 8.6±1.72MPa (6s), 9.3±1.64MPa (8s) and 11.6±2.65MPa (10s). Failure mode was mainly classified as Score 2. Both the SBS (p