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Accurate cardiac left ventricle (LV) quantification is among the most clinically important and most frequently demanded tasks for identification and diagnosis of cardiac diseases and is of great interest in the research community of medical image analysis. However, it is still a task of great challenge due to the high variability of cardiac structure across subjects and the complexity of temporal dynamics of cardiac sequences. Full quantification of cardiac LV includes simultaneously quantifying, for every frame in the whole cardiac cycle, multiple types of cardiac indices, such as cavity and myocardium areas, regional wall thicknesses, LV dimension and cardiac phase. Accurate quantification of these indices will support comprehensive global and regional cardiac function assessment. In this paper, we propose a newly designed multitask learning network which combines the segmentation task and the cardiac indices quantification task. It comprises a segmentation network based on the U-net for image representation, and then followed by a simple convolutional neural network for feature extraction of cardiac indices, two parallel recurrent neural network models are then added for temporal dynamic modeling. Then we use multitask learning to capture the existing correlations among different tasks. Experiments of 5-fold validation results show that the proposed framework achieves high accurate prediction, with average mean absolute error of 173 mm\(^{2}\), 2.44 mm, 1.37 mm for areas, dimensions, RWT and phase error rate 7.8%.

This paper improved two-dimensional Otsu algorithm in order to segment the Cold rolling thin strip defects of low contrast and complex noise. In order to avoid searching threshold in a large two-dimensional space, two-dimensional Otsu algorithm of two-dimensional histogram had been decomposed. The algorithm had solved threshold problem of the image pixel gray histogram and that of gray histogram neighborhood pixels respectively. The paper added balance factor to the pixel neighborhood grayscale in solving the segmentation threshold problem and used the threshold as the best segmentation threshold. Finally, the paper analysed the segmentation result through a large number of experiments, compared with two-dimensional Otsu algorithm, QPSO and improved algorithm. The results show that the method can split out various defects on the surface of cold rolled thin strip quickly and efficiently.

Recent research on end-to-end training structures for language identification has raised the possibility that intermediate language-sensitive feature units exist which are analogous to phonetically sensitive senones in automatic speech recognition systems. Termed language identification (LID)-senones, the statistics derived from these feature units have been shown to be beneficial in discriminating between languages, particularly for short utterances. This paper examines the evidence for the existence of LID-senones before designing and evaluating LID systems based on low- and high-level statistics of LID-senones with both generative and discriminative models. For the standard NIST LRE 2009 task on 23 languages, LID-senone-based systems are shown to outperform state-of-the-art deep neural network/i-vector methods both when LID-senones are used directly for classification and when LID-senone statistics are used for i-vector formation.

To build an ideal animal model for studying the mechanism of occurrence, developing and treating of diabetes become a more important issue, facing with the fact that the big threat of diabetes to human health has been worsen. First, we used the normal control diets or the high-fat/high-sucrose diets to feed the adult rhesus monkeys and the macaques induced by the high-fat/high-sucrose diets in the high-fat/high-sucrose group and the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) group developed the hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia at 6 months in accordance with the precious researches that reported that minipigs, rats and mice could develop hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia and obesity after being induced with high-fat/high-carbohydrate diets. Second, the rhesus monkeys in T2DM group were injected STZ at a low dosage of 35 mg/kg BW to induce glucose persistent elevation which maintained pretty well after 12 months. Third, we took the assay of glucose tolerance test and insulin resistance index, assessed the changing tendency of serum resistin and analysed the pathological characteristics of the tissues like pancreas and liver by staining in different ways. The results indicate the rhesus monkeys in T2DM group have lots of clinical features of T2DM. The experimental non-genetic T2DM rhesus monkeys model not only contribute to simulating of clinical manifestations and pathological features of human T2DM, but also may be a good kind of model for research on the treatment of T2DM and for new drugs evaluation.

A key problem in spoken language identification (LID) is how to design effective representations which are specific to language information. Recent advances in deep neural networks have led to significant improvements in results, with deep end-to-end methods proving effective. This paper proposes a novel network which aims to model an effective representation for high (first and second)-order statistics of LID-senones, defined as being LID analogues of senones in speech recognition. The high-order information extracted through bilinear pooling is robust to speakers, channels and background noise. \ud Evaluation with NIST LRE 2009 shows improved performance compared to current state-of-the-art DBF/i-vector systems, achieving over 33% and 20% relative equal error rate (EER) improvement for 3s and 10s utterances and over 40% relative Cavg improvement for all durations.

For a bi-layer structure consisting of a film deposited on a substrate, a new extraction method is proposed using which we can extract both the material parameters of the film and the thickness of the substrate from the measured Terahertz transmission through it, so long as the complex refractive index of the substrate is known beforehand. This method is applicable to a range of refractive indices of the film less than the refractive index of the substrate and a very wide range of layer thicknesses from 20 mu m to at least 200 mu m. It is very useful in some cases where the thickness of the substrate cannot be determined using conventional methods such as a Vernier caliper or micrometer screw.

Purpose We investigated the expression and mechanisms of microRNA-505 (miR-505) and its downstream target gene Frizzled-4 (FZD4) in cervical cancer. Methods miR-505 expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR in cervical cancer cell lines and human carcinomas. Cancer patients’ clinicopathological factors and survival were analyzed based on their tumorous miR-505 levels. Ca-Ski and HeLa cells were transduced with lentivirus to upregulate or downregulate miR-505. Their impacts on cervical cancer were evaluated by in vitro proliferation, invasion and in vivo tumorigenicity assays, respectively. Target gene of miR-505, FZD4, was evaluated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Its expression in cervical cancer cell was evaluated by qRT-PCR. FZD4 was either upregulated or downregulated in cervical cancer cells to further assess its impact on modulating cervical cancer development in vitro . Results MiR-505 is lowly expressed in cervical cancer cell lines and human carcinomas. Low tumorous miR-505 expression was associated with patients’ advanced tumor stage and short survival. In Ca-Ski and HeLa cells, lentivirus-mediated miR-505 upregulation suppressed cancer proliferation and invasion in vitro , and tumorigenicity in vivo , whereas miR-505 downregulation had no functional effects. FZD4 was confirmed to be a downstream target of miR-505, and found to be upregulated in cervical cancer. Genetic modification of FZD4 in cervical cancer cells yielded a significant change in cancer growth, as FZD4 upregulation suppressed whereas FZD4 downregulation promoted cervical cancer proliferation and invasion In vitro. Conclusion MiR-505 may act as a cancer inhibitor and prognostic factor in cervical cancer. FDZ4 is reversely expressed as miR-505, and has dramatic regulatory function in cervical cancer.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether preserving capsule and primary intraocular lens implantation in vitrectomy could influence the therapeutic effect and safety in the treatment of post-traumatic endophthalmitis. A prospective, randomized, controlled trial was performed in this study. A total of 89 patients with post-traumatic endophthalmitis that occurred between January 2008 and December 2010 were randomly divided into two groups: 45 patients underwent complete vitrectomy with preserved capsule and primary intraocular lens implantation, and 44 patients underwent complete vitrectomy with lensectomy and without intraocular lens implantation. There were no significant differences in patients’ age, sex, injuries in detail, intraocular tamponade, culture-proven bacteria, and preoperative and postoperative visual acuity between two groups. No recurrence of bacterial infection was found in any case in both groups, and there was no severe complications happened in two groups during follow-up. Our results suggested that preserving capsule and primary intraocular lens implantation with complete vitrectomy in post-traumatic endophthalmitis was a safe and feasible surgery procedure with benefits in postoperative visual quality, which could be recommended as an alternative therapy. Key words: Post-traumatic endophthalmitis, intraocular lens implantation, capsule, vitrectomy, infection.

Optical frequency comb (OFC) is a new type of high-quality laser source. The visible and near-infrared OFCs have become mature, and it has been widely used in optical frequency metrology, time/frequency transfer, precision laser spectroscopy and other fields. Since the mid and far-infrared spectral regions contain a large number of baseband absorption lines for molecules and the absorption intensities are several orders of magnitude higher than those in the visible and near-infrared spectral region, one has made great efforts to develop the mid and far-infrared OFCs in recent years. Although a variety of approaches to achieving infrared OFCs directly have been proposed, the method of difference frequency generation (DFG) infrared OFC based on the optical rectification technique is still more efficient. DFG infrared OFCs with widely tuning ability have been demonstrated based on fiber lasers so far. However, how to obtain the broadband spectrum for a DFG infrared OFC with widely tuning ability still needs to be solved. In this paper we report a fiber-type DFG infrared OFC by using the femtosecond pulses from a mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser as the fundamental light. Based on the self-developed mode-locked fiber laser oscillator with repetition rate locked, the two-color fundamental pulse trains with the central wavelengths of 1.5 and 2.0 m are respectively achieved after the chirped pulse fiber amplification and all-fiber supercontinuum (SC) generation techniques have been utilized. With a time-domain synchronous detection system based on the intensity autocorrelation principle, the accurate synchronization with the fundamental two-color pulses is obtained by optimizing the OFS compensated fiber length and adjusting a tunable optical delay line. Finally, by using the optical rectification technique, a fiber-type DFG infrared OFC is successfully generated with the help of a suitable designed GaSe nonlinear crystal. Our experimental results also show that the spectral location of the DFG infrared OFC can be tuned by controlling the spectral shape of the SC combined with the adjustment of the phase-matching for the nonlinear crystal. The measured tuning range of the DFG infrared OFC is from 6 to 10 m, and the maximum spectral width is 1.3 m. This fiber-type DFG infrared OFC may play an important role in the molecular spectroscopy, the atmospheric environmental monitoring, and other fields.

In order to simulate the frequency response of thin film bulk acoustic wave filter accurately, the MBVD model of film bulk acoustic wave filter chip and three dimension electro-magnetic model of package were respectively established. And then, the collaborative simulation of acoustic and electro-magnetic components was realized in ADS software. Finally, thin film bulk acoustic wave filter with working frequency of 2.825GHz and 5.6 GHz were designed and fabricated by this method. Insertion loss of 2.825GHz FBAR filter is less than 1.5dB, and rejection is more than 40dB. Insertion loss of 5.6GHz FBAR filter is less than 1.7dB, and rejection is more than 30dB. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method has good design precision and can simulate the influence of package on the performance of the filter accurately.

The article presents results of experimental studies using a bi-axial servo-control system to apply load on samples with extensional and compressional en echelon faults. During the experiments, variations of temperature and thermal images were recorded synchronously by a multi-path contact-type thermometric apparatus and a thermal image system, respectively. A digital CCD camera was employed to synchronously collect images of specimens’ surfaces. The digital speckle correlation method (DSCM) was utilized to analyze the images and to define displacements and strain fields. Our experimental results show that temperature fields have clear responses to opposite stress states in the jog areas of both types of the en echelon faults. Prior to failure of the jog area, its temperature is the highest at the compressional en echelon faults and the lowest at the extensional en echelon faults. Records by DSCM give evidence that mean strain of the jog area is the highest at compressional en echelon faults and the lowest at the extensional en echelon faults. It is revealed that deformation of the en echelon faults occurs in two stages, developing from stress build-up and fault propagation in the jog area to unstable sliding along the fault. Correspondingly, the mechanism of heating-up converts from strain heating into friction heating. During the period of transformation of the temperature rising mechanism, three events are observed in the jog area and its vicinity. Analyses of our experimental results demonstrate that variations of temperatures in the jog area can be indicative of fault sliding and suggest sliding directions. Observations and studies of temperature changes during transformation of the temperature rising mechanism at sensitive portions of faults are of great importance for early detection of precursors of unstable slip on active faults.

Load model is one of the most important elements in power system operation and control. However, owing to its complexity, load modeling is still an open and very difficult problem. Summarizing our work on measurement-based load modeling in China for more than twenty years, this paper systematically introduces the mathematical theory and applications regarding the load modeling. The flow chart and algorithms for measurement-based load modeling are presented. A composite load model structure with 13 parameters is also proposed. Analysis results based on the trajectory sensitivity theory indicate the importance of the load model parameters for the identification. Case studies show the accuracy of the presented measurement-based load model. The load model thus built has been validated by field measurements all over China. Future working directions on measurement-based load modeling are also discussed in the paper.

MgxZn1−xO thin films have been prepared on silicon substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering at 60°C. The thin films have hexagonal wurtzite single-phase structure and a preferred orientation with the c-axis perpendicular to the substrates. The refractive indices of MgxZn1−xO films are studied at room temperature by spectroscopic ellipsometry over the wavelength range of 400–760 nm at the incident angle of 70°. Both absorption coefficients and optical band gaps of MgxZn1−xO films are determined by the transmittance spectra. While Mg content is increasing, the absorption edges of MgxZn1−xO films shift to higher energies and band gaps linearly increase from 3.24. eV at x=0 to 3.90 eV at x=0.30. These results provide important information for the design and modelling of ZnO/ MgxZn1−xO heterostructure optoelectronic devices.

The representation of load dynamic characteristics remains an area of great uncertainty and has become a limiting factor for power system analysis and control. The random nature of the load makes load modeling a very difficult problem, which becomes even more challenging when the field measurements increase and the recorded dataset becomes large. This paper proposes a novel concept of modeling load based on support vectors (SVs) of load data. A three-stage procedure to find SVs of the recorded load dataset is presented. Then the load model is built on the SVs. Although the model is derived from only a small subset of the original dataset, it has a strong generalization capability to describe dynamics of the whole dataset. However, the computational burden on the modeling process is much relieved since only a small subset of data is involved. The proposed method also answers the question on how data should be grouped and how many load models should be built as data are accumulated. This paper infers that, although the data space where the load varies seems indefinite and big, its characteristic can be captured and modeled in a much smaller subspace. The presented method is shown to be effective by the case study on Hushitai substation.

Polycrystalline gallium nitride films with hexagonal structure were prepared by a post-nitridation technique. A strong blue photoluminescence located at 458 nm and a UV photoluminescence located at 368 nm were observed at room temperature. The 368 nm peak is PL from band-edge emission. The blue luminescence is attributed to the transition from deep donor level to the valence band.

Aiming at the urgent requirements for refractive index detection in the biological sample detection area, an all-fiber surface plasmon resonance (SPR) system is established in this paper. And the SPR characteristic wavelength demodulation algorithm is proposed for this system based on all-phase filter technique. According to the system simulation, the refractive index sensing sensitivity of the fiber SPR sensor can be calculated theoretically. By using the all-phase filter technique, the characteristic wavelength of the fiber SPR sensor can be extracted, and the theoretically analytical expression of the all-phase filter can be obtained. The experimental results show that the refractive index sensing sensitivity and the detection resolution of the fiber SPR sensor are 1640.4 nm/RIU and 7.3610-4 RIU respectively by using this algorithm. Compared with the traditional methods, our algorithm can improve the detection precision and the anti-light-disturbance performance and reduce the costs as well.

OBJECTIVE: To examine telomerase activity and its clinical significance in human gastric carcinoma and to evaluate the feasibility of non-radioisotopic TRAP (telomeric repeat amplification protocol) assays to detect telomerase activity. METHODS: Telomerase activity in tissue samples from 58 gastric carcinomas (and their matched normal tissues), 12 gastric adenomas and nine gastric ulcers was examined by using a modified non- radioisotopic PCR (polymerase chain reaction)-based TRAP assay. RESULTS: Forty-nine of 58 gastric cancer specimens were positive for telomerase activity, with a positive rate of 84.5%. In contrast, none of the normal tissues exhibited telomerase activity (P < 0.001). One of each of the 12 gastric adenomas and nine gastric ulcers was also positive. The prevalence of telomerase activity in gastric carcinoma tissues was not correlated with age, tumor diameter, histological grade, tumor invasion depth, lymph node metastasis or tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage. CONCLUSIONS: Telomerase activity could be a good diagnostic marker for the detection of gastric carcinoma. The non-radioisotopic TRAP assay is a feasible method for detecting telomerase activity.

In this paper we analyze the reason of the etching trenches in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene domain and study the influence factor in the distribution and morphology of wrinkles. Graphene is synthesized on Cu substrate. The Cu substrate is annealed at 1050℃ for 60 min with 1000 sccm Ar and 200 sccm H2. After annealing, 500 sccm Ar, 20 sccm H2, and 1 sccm dilute CH4 (mixed with Ar) are introduced into the CVD system for graphene growth. Hydrogen etchings of graphene are conducted with flows of 500 sccm Ar and 200 sccm H2 at atmospheric pressure, and etching are performed at 950 and 1050℃. The striated and reticular etching trenches are observed after etching via optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. Every graphene domain is divided into island structures by these etching trenches. However, the edge of graphene domain is not etched and the size of domain is not changed. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is conducted to analyze the different morphologies of etching trenches. According to the EBSD analysis, the etching trench is closely associated with the Cu crystal orientation. Different Cu planes result in differences in mode, shape, and density of the etching trench. We conduct a verification experiment to judge whether the etching trenches are caused by the gaps between graphene and Cu substrate or by the hydrogenation of wrinkles. The graphene domains grown on Cu substrate with the same growth condition are etched immediately after growth without cooling process. We select graphene which grows across the Cu grain boundary, via optical microscope. A small number of regular hexagons are observed in graphene surface and the region of Cu boundary, but no etching trench is found. As the graphene growing across Cu boundary is the suspending graphene and there is no etching trench, we consider that the gap between graphene and Cu species is not a significant factor of forming etching trench. For comparison, the etching trenches are observed in the graphene domains with cooling process. Thus, the trench formation is bound up with the cooling process after growth, which can lead to the wrinkle formation on the graphene surface, giving rise to a large thermal expansion coefficient difference between the graphene and Cu species. As a major type of structural imperfection, wrinkles can show that enhanced reactivity is due to hydrogenation because of high local curvature. So we consider that the trench formation is caused by the hydrogenation of wrinkles. Then the as-grown graphene domains are transferred to SiO2 substrate and atomic force microscope (AFM) is employed to measure the surface appearance of graphene. The AMF image shows lots of wrinkles in the graphene surface. The morphology and density of wrinkles are similar to those of the etching trenches extremely. Thus, the AFM testing result provides another evidence to prove that the etching trenches are related to the hydrogenation of wrinkles. From the above we can draw some conclusions. Numerous trenches are observed in the graphene domains after etching, and the trench patterns are closely associated with the Cu crystal orientation. A different Cu crystal orientation leads to variations in mode, shape, and density of the etching trench. We prove that the etching trenches are caused by the hydrogenation on wrinkles formed in the cooling down process instead of the gap between Cu and graphene. This hydrogen etching technology is a convenient way to detect the distribution and morphology of wrinkles. Furthermore, it provides a reference for improving the quality of CVD graphene.

The all-normal-dispersion mode locked fiber laser can produce the dissipative soliton pulses because the laser can tolerate much more nonlinear phase shift than the other mode locked fiber lasers. Such large energy mode locked fiber lasers are excellent seed pulse sources for generating very large-energy ultrashort pulses with fiber chirped pulse amplification (CPA) systems. However, the spectral amplitude modulation carried by the dissipative soliton pulses will severely restrict the compressibility of the output pulses from the typical CPA system. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate and design a suitable CPA system for improving the compressibility of the output pulses according to the properties of dissipative solitons. In this paper, using the dissipative solitons generated by the all-normal-dispersion fiber laser with different spectral filter bandwidths as the input seed pulses, the compressible properties of the pulses for the CPA system with both the grating pair stretcher and the fiber stretcher are investigated. Our simulation results show that, for such a large-energy dissipative soliton seed pulse, when the grating pair stretcher is used in the CPA system, the spectral amplitude modulation of the seed pulse can be mapped to the temporal amplitude modulation by the stretcher, and amplified by the subsequent fiber amplifier, which introduces additional nonlinear phase, finally restricts the compressibility of the output pulses; when the normal-dispersion fiber stretcher is used, the interaction between the group velocity dispersion and the self-phase modulation can not only eliminate the influence of the modulated spectrum of the dissipative soliton on the compressible properties of the pulses, but also make it possible to evolve the pulse self-similarity in the fiber stretcher, and thus improve the compressibility of the output pulses of the CPA system. For the normal-dispersion fiber stretcher CPA system, the compressibility of the output pulses is mainly determined by the fiber stretcher length. If the fiber length is too short, the compressibility of the output pulses may be affected by the uncompleted self-similar evolution of the pulse, while the pulse compressibility is also restricted because the pulse spectral width may exceed the amplifier gain bandwidth due to the self-similar evolution process if the fiber length is too long. Moreover, for the dissipative soliton seed pulses, both the compressibility of the output pulses and the energy ratio of the main pulse to the total pulse for the CPA system with the fiber stretcher are better than those with the grating pair stretcher when the normal fiber stretcher length is suitably optimized.

The system adopts MCU STC89C51 to control traffic lights at crossroads to function in a normal logical way. In the meantime, a wireless transceiver system based on NRF905 module is added to fulfill wireless control. And the traffic lights system can convert into a requested status by checking out the data package it has received when an emergency happens. Ultimately, the project has been testified feasible by experiment.

The analytical method and indicators of the regional environmental economic system were discussed. With the unit cost analysis model, the control cost of environmental pollution was accounted in Xi'an from 2000 to 2007. The accounting content involved the control cost of air pollution, of water pollution and of solid waste pollution. The total cost of pollution control is the sum of the actual control cost and the virtual control cost of contaminants. Based on the accounting results, the gross amount and the structure of environmental pollution control cost were analyzed. During the impact analysis of the economy on the environment, two important environmental economic indicators were used to analyze. One is the index of pollution control cost deduction from GDP, the other is the environmentally adjusted domestic product. The analysis results show that the investment for air pollution control should be increased progressively, and the benefit of water pollution control investment is significant in Xi'an. The index of pollution control cost deduction from GDP of Xi'an was less than the national average in 2004.

The appearance of Mobile CSCW made people have much more understanding on Computer Supported Cooperative Work. With the help of Mobile CSCW, the efficiency of cooperative work has been improved,even some work has become viable what could not before. In this paper, we analyzed the characters and system model of Mobile CSCW, discussed the related developing technology and information security. Simultaneity, a mobile cooperative document reviewing system based on our analysis and discussion is also introduced to finish official document reviewing in some occasions.

It is expected that increasing amounts of new generation technologies will be connected to electrical power systems in the near future. Most of these technologies are of considerably smaller scale than conventional synchronous generators and are therefore connected to distribution grids, as the DFIG-based wind farm. When connected in small amounts, the impact of wind farm on power system transient stability can be negligible. However, if its penetration level becomes higher, wind farm may start to influence the dynamic behavior of the power system as a whole. In this paper, the impact of DFIG-based wind farm on the load modeling is investigated. It is found if the influence of wind farm is not negligible, the composite induction motor load model fails to describe the actual load characteristic effectively. A new load model-asynchronous generator +ZIP is used in this paper. The validity of the load model is also verified via various simulations. Then, composite induction-motor and asynchronous generator +ZIP load models are unified in one program.

In this paper, the problem of how to realize an multi-channel receiver with various bandwidth is discussed in details. After a channel spectrum partition is given, a mathematic model of channelized receiver is derived, based on polyphase filter. Then a simulation system is designed. All the simulation results show that the presented model is valid and practical.

Distributed generation is regarded as the developing direction of the power system in 21 century. Because distributed generation always connects with the distribution system, which has great influence on every aspects of power system. This paper studied the influence of distributed generation on load modeling. When the influence of distributed generation is not negligible, the composite induction motor load model can't effectively describe the actual load characteristic. This paper proposes a new load model-asynchronous generator +ZIP. The validity of the proposed load model is also testified via the comparison and contrast from a great deal of simulations. Then, composite induction-motor and asynchronous generator +ZIP load models were unified in one program.

Load modeling is very important for power system dynamic analysis and control. The composite load model widely applied recently in the power system operation centre consists of the static load and the equivalent motor. Current practices in measurement-based load modeling identify all the parameters in this composite load model. However, it is not clear whether all these parameters could be identified from the measurements. This paper investigates the identifiability of the equivalent motor parameters in the composite load model. Trajectory sensitivity approach is applied first to find the motor parameters that have great effects on the measured active as well as reactive load dynamics. The analysis results show that the motor outputs have various sensitivities with respect to the parameters. Since the voltage disturbance, the active load and the reactive load dynamics are applied to identify the motor parameters, those parameters affecting the measurements to a great extent are observable, thus identifiable from the measurements; while those that have little effects on the motor outputs are unobservable from the measurements and consequently unidentifiable. The case studies verify the identifiability of the motor parameters.

The researches on measurement-based load modeling have been continued for more than twenty years in China. However, since lacking of system measured data of major disturbance, it is doubtful for load model generalization capability, and more attentions are also caused for the issue that whether dynamic simulations adopting the measurement-based load model accord with the real system. The measurement-based load modeling technology was put into practice in North East Power Grid in 2002, and load models based on field measurement were relatively constructed. There were four artificial three-phase short circuit tests in 2004 and 2005 respectively in North East Power Grid, and the measured dynamic data from PMU and load data from load characteristics recorders validated the constructed load models and checked the generalization capability of the load model. The well generalization capability of the measurement-based load models verifies the validation of measurement-based load modeling technology.

A numerical simulation method is developed to solve flow distribution for evaporation system in natural circulation boiler. According to flow rules of parallel system, equations on flux distribution of multi-loop were deduced to fit for calculation in real time. Test result shows that multi-loop model can reflect the deviation of construction parameters, such as height and length among waterwall loops. The dynamic response of model obeys basic rules of flow and heat transfer when heat flux change. This method can only be used in natural circulation system of power plant simulator.

The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire Form 5X (MLQ5X) is used to study leadership across two large sample groups from the People's Republic of China and Australia. Understanding leadership across cultures is a significant dimension of the human resource capacity of effective international businesses. Both transformational and transactional attributes feature as influencing factors in Extra Effort, Effectiveness and Satisfaction across both cultural sample groups. While the transactional dimension of Contingent Reward is deemed significant, it is not as significant as transformational attributes aligned with critical thinking, empowerment, challenging workplaces in increasing positive outcomes associated with effective leadership behaviour.

According to the affected area, 28 patients with herpes zoster were treated. Electroacupuncture and local encircled needling method were used for the patient with the affected head and Jiaji (Ex-B 2) on the same side of pathological changes was added to puncture for the patient with the affected chest and waist. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess analgesic effect. The result showed VAS 6 in 2 cases.

To explore the applications of carbon nanofibers in passive interference by smoke screen, the integral equation of induced current for carbon nanofibers is established based the electromagnetic field theory. The method of moment (MOM) is used to solve the integral equation. The formulae of scattered field and extinction cross section are derived for carbon nanofibers. By comparing with variational method, our proposed method is proved to be valid. The relationships between infrared extinction cross section of carbon nanofiber and the wavelength, the angle of incidence, the fiber length and diameter are analyzed and calculated.The results provide a theoretical basis for the applicatrion of nanocarbon fiber in infrared smoke interference.

Using terahertz time domain spectroscopy （THz-TDS）, THz transmission spectrum of the array with sub-wavelength apertures on the Nb thin film has been studied in the temperature range of 5—300 K. The extraordinary transmission is observed and the peak positions are in agreement with the computer simulation technology simulation results. The transmission amplitude increases with the decreasing temperature.

SnO22:Sb films have been prepared on glass substrates by rf magnetron sputtering method. The prepared samples are polycrystalline thin films with rutile structure of pure SnO22 and have orientation of ［110］ direction. The phot oluminescence of the samples was measured at room temperature. An ultraviolet-violet luminescence peak near 392nm was observed. The effect of different oxygen partia l pressures on the structure and luminescence was investigated, and the luminesc ent mechanism was also tentatively investigated.

MgxZn1-xO films(0≤x≤030) have been prepared on sap phire substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering at a substrate tempera ture of 80℃. Optical and structural properties of the MgxZn1-x O films were studied using transmittance and x-ray diffraction (XRD)spect ra. XRD patterns indicate that the MgxZn1-xO films have he xagonal wurtzite single-phase structure of ZnO and a preferred orientation with the c-axis perpendicular to the substrates without any significant formation o f a separated MgO phase. The c-axis lattice constant of the MgxZn1-xO films decreases gradually with increasing Mg content. Sharp absorp tion edge appeared in the transmittance spectra of the MgxZn1-x O films, the fundamental band gap of the MgxZn1-xO f ilms were estimated, which increases almost linearly from 3.32 eV at x=0 to 3.9 6 eV at x=030

High-quality gallium nitride (GaN) films were prepared on Si(111) substrates by sputtering post-an nealing-reaction technique. XRD, XPS, and SEM measurement results indicate that polycrystalline GaN with hexagonal structure was successfully prepared. Intense room-temperature photoluminescence that peaked at 354 nm of the films is observed. The bandgap of these films has a blueshift with respect to bulk GaN.

The accuracy of the load model has great effects on power system stability analysis and control. Based on our practice in China on modeling load from field measurements, this paper systematically develops a measurement-based composite load model. Principles guiding the load modeling practice are discussed based on detailed analysis on stochastic characteristics of the modeling procedure. The structure of the measurement-based composite load model is presented. A multicurve identification technique is described to derive parameters. The generalization capability of this built load model is also investigated in this paper. Two cases are studied to illustrate the accuracy of the developed load model on describing the load dynamic characteristics in the actual power system.