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Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphological changes of round window membrane (RWM) in chinchillas with Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) serotype 7F induced acute otitis media (AOM) by two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) measurements. Methods Temporal bone specimens taken from 12 chinchillas were divided into two groups. The control group consisted of healthy animals that were injected with intrabullar saline. The subjects in the experimental group were induced with AOM by intrabullar injection of S. pneumoniae 7F. The 2D and 3D measurements of RWM were compared between the groups. Results Dramatic changes were noted in the RWM of the experimental group compared to the control group. The thickness [mean ± standard deviation (SD)] of the RWM was significantly (p

Hemorajik bağırsak sendromu, daha yaygın olarak sütçü ve etçi sığırlardagörülen ölüm oranı yüksek bir hastalıktır. Akut, sporadik ve nekrohemorajikenterit olarak sınıflandırılır. Süt verimi yüksek sığırlarda yaygın olarakgörülür. Hemorajik bağırsak sendromu'nun nedeni belirsizdir ve patogenezi tamolarak anlaşılamamıştır. Primer etiyolojik etkenin Clostridium perfringens tip A olduğu ağırlıklı birşekilde öne sürülmüş olup, etkenin alfa ve beta2 toksininin, hastalığınoluşumunda önemli bir rolü olduğu düşünülmektedir. Hastalık, özelliklelaktasyondaki süt ineklerinde, laktasyonun ilk 3 ayında görülür. Rasyon, hemorajikbağırsak sendromu gelişiminde en önemli predispozan faktör olarakgörülmektedir. İnce bağırsaklardaki şiddetli toksemi (enterotoksemi) ve yoğunhemoraji, bağırsaklarda patolojik değişikliklere neden olur. Spesifik bir hemorajikbağırsak sendromu bulgusu olan bağırsak lumenindeki kan pıhtılaşması,sendromdan etkilenen ineklerin sadece % 19'unda tespit edilebilir. Teşhis;genellikle klinik, ultrason ve nekropsi bulgularına dayanır ve teşhis, ayrıca salmonellozis,Bovine Viral Diarrhea ve koksidiyoz vb. kaynaklı diğer hemorajik enteritlerinayırıcı tanısı ile olur. Prognoz kötüdür ve ölüm oranı, yoğun medikal ve şirurjikaltedaviye rağmen yaklaşık % 100'dür. Hastalığın kontrolü için yem katkımaddelerinin kullanımı, iyi beslenme yönetimi ve aşı uygulaması önerilmektedir., Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome is relativelycommon disease in dairy and beef cattle which has high fatality rate. It is classifiedas acute, sporadic and necrohemorrhagic enteritis. It is commonly seen inhighly productive dairy cattle. The cause of hemorrhagic bowel syndrome isunclear and the pathogenesis is not well-understood. As a primary etiologicagent Clostridium perfringens type A has been strongly proposed and itsalpha and beta2 toxin are suggested to have an important role in occurence ofthe disease. Disease especially occur in lactating dairy cows in the first 3months of lactation. Ration is seem to be the most important predisposingfactor in the development of hemorrhagic bowel syndrome. Severe toxemia(enterotoxemia) and intense hemorrhage in the small intestine causepathological changes in the intestine. The blood clots in the intestinal lumen,a specific finding of hemorrhagic bowel syndrome can only be demonstrated in19% of affected cows. Diagnosis is often based on the clinical, ultrasound andnecropsy findings and also with differential diagnosis of other haemorrhagicenteritis caused by salmonellosis, Bovine Viral Diarrhea and coccidiosis etc. Prognosisis poor and fatality rate is nearly 100% despite intensive medical and surgicaltherapy. The use of feed additives, good nutritional management and vaccineadministration are recommended for disease control.

A 3 year-old budgie with the complaint of feather loss and disturbed body growth, was referred to the clinic. In history, it was understood that two offspring showed healthy growth within the first year of their life, then scaling on the skin was observed in one of the budgie’s feet. Over the next 3 months the body feathers began to fall. In the hairless regions, new feathers appeared in a cottony look and weak structure. But these new feathers shed before they could finish growing. The food and water appetite had not deteriorated during this time. In physical examination, there were a few feather in cotton appearance on the body of the budgie. Bird had difficulty in balancing his body while standing and walking. Nowhere in the bird's body has skin lesions. In mycological culture, Aspergillus spp was isolated. Bird died a week after being brought to the clinic. When the etiology of the disease is assessed in the budgies >3 years old, all feathers have fallen and body development has deteriorated, it has been concluded that it is appropriate to consider chronic diseases which cause weakening of the immune system resulting in diseases such as aspergillosis.

A 3-month-old male kitten was presented to our clinic with malaise, vomiting and jaundice. In the anamnesis, we learned that the cat had a history of anorexia, sneezing, and nasal discharge and that the owner had administered 100 mg/day (t.i.d.) nimesulide orally for three days. In the laboratory study, high levels of serum alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transtransferase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, urea, and creatinine were detected. All the clinical signs and laboratory abnormalities returned to normal levels after cessation of the nimesulide and supportive treatment. In this case, clinical and laboratory findings were thought to be compatible with nimesulide-induced acute biliary injury and renal failure. This case report indicates that the household pets are at risk of toxic drugs administered by their owners and g reat caution should be taken in administering NSAIDs in cats.

Haydardedeoğlu, Ali Evren ( Aksaray, Yazar ), This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of Leishmania infection and AMB (amphotericin-B) treatment on hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in three Staffordshire Bull Terrier dogs with visceral leishmaniasis (VL). These dogs were presented with weight loss, weakness, and cutaneous lesions. Canine kala-azar detection kit was positive in dogs with VL. AMB was administered to cases with VL at a dose of 0.6 to 1.5 mg/kg/week for 4 months. Leishmania agents caused the liver injury due to increase in the ALT level in cases 1 and 2, decrease in erythrocyte, hemoglobin, and hematocrit level and increase in the MDA, and decrease in the GSH-Px in case 3, but Leishmania agents did not affect the kidney functions due to normal urea and creatinine level in the dogs with VL. A gradual response to the AMB treatment was observed. At the end of treatment course, cases with VL were treated clinically. It was concluded that the AMB administration for 4 months might be effective to treat VL due to no clinical recurrence for 6-month follow-up period., Bu çalışmada visseral Leishmaniasis’li (VL) üç Staffordshire Bull Terrier köpekte Leishmania enfeksiyonu ve AMB (amfoterisin-B) tedavisinin hematolojik, biyokimyasal ve oksidatif stres parametreleri üzerine etkilerini değerlendirmek amaçlandı. Bu köpekler kilo kaybı, halsizlik ve deri lezyonları ile kliniğe getirildi. Kanin kala-azar test kiti VL’li köpeklerde pozitifti. Visseral Leishmaniasis’li olgulara AMB 0.6-1.5 mg/kg/hafta dozunda 4 ay süre ile uygulandı. Leishmania etkenleri olgu 1 ve 2’de ALT düzeyinde artışa bağlı olarak karaciğer hasarına, olgu 3’te eritrosit, hemoglobin ve hematokrit düzeyde azalmaya ve MDA’da artışa ve GSH-Px’de azalmaya neden oldu fakat VL’li köpeklerde normal üre ve kreatinin düzeyine bağlı olarak böbrek fonksiyonlarını etkilemedi. AMB tedavisine kademeli yanıt gözlendi. Tedavi seyrinin sonunda VL’li olgular klinik olarak iyileşti. Sonuç olarak 6 ay süre ile takipte klinik nüks olmamasına bağlı olarak visseral Leishmaniasis’i tedavi etmek için 4 ay süreli AMB uygulamasının etkili olabileceği kanısına varıldı.