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Background: Bleeding from esophageal and gastric varices is a fatal event in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Objective: Evaluation the correlation between Helicobacter Pylori infection and risk of esophagogastric variceal bleeding in liver cirrhosis. Patients and Methods: This study was carried out on one hundred (100) patients, suffering from post hepatitic cirrhosis and portal hypertension: fifty (50) of them presented with esophageogastric varices without bleeding selected from patients coming for screening of esophagogastric varices for anti-hepatitis c virus treatment, and the other fifty (50) presented with acute variceal bleeding. All patients attending to Internal Medicine outpatient’s clinic and Internal Medicine Department of Al-Azhar University Hospital at new Damietta during the period from September 2018, to April 2020. All patients were subjected to complete history, clinical assessment, abdominal ultrasonography, upper GIT endoscope and laboratory investigations. Results: There was a significant relation between H.Pylori infection and the presence of esophagogastric variceal hemorrhage and H. Pylori infection was positive in 92% of the patients in group II, and 24% patients was grade II oseophageal varices, 70% grade III oseophagogastric varices, and 6% grade IV oseophagogastric varices, There was a statistically significant correlation of increased esophageal varices (grade three) in positive H pylori in group II, while in group I detection of H.pylori showed 24% patients were positive, and 76% patients were negative. Endoscopic examination showed 40 patients without esophagogastric varices (80%), 8% patients grade I, 4% patients grade II, 6% patients grade III, 2% patients grade IV, and there was a statistically significant increase on esophageal varices (grade zero) in negative H pylori in group I. Conclusion: Helicobacter Pylori infection helped in the development of portal hypertensive gastropathy as well as its severity, and increased risk of esophagogastric variceal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis. So, eradication and treatment of Helicobacter Pylori in all patients with liver cirrhosis helped to decrease risk of esophagogastric variceal bleeding in these patients.

Trombe walls are one of the sustainable technologies because of their importance and effective rol in interior spaces by making use of solar energy to control the temperature of the interior spaces and thus achieve thermal comfort without the need to use cooling devices to reduce the energy used, the Trombe wall is an important element in solar design Passive. To save heat in indoor spaces, the main advantage of trombe walls is that they can be constructed virtually from locally available materials. These walls also reduce the need for heating and cooling the building. It is even considered a vital technology for sustainable architecture that effectively contributes to hot-arid environments like Iraq. The research will discuss the most important types of Trombe Walls, the characteristics of Trombe Walls, including the Trombe Wall formations, and the Trombe Wall technology, and the feasibility of realizing the concept of energy efficiency in Iraq using the trombe wall

We report a successful surgical closure of a rught pulmonary artery to left atrium fistula (RPALAF) with secondary atrial septal defect (ASD) in a 3.5 years old girl. These fistulae are rare cause of cyanosis and require early diagnosis and treatment to prevent the serious complications of them.

This study conducted to view the role of PCT level in initial finding of bacterial vaginitis in pregnantwomen. A total of 150 deep vaginal swabs (100 pregnant women and 50 pregnant women as controlgroup) were collected from the beginning of February 2019 to the end of May 2019 from inpatients andoutpatients women attended to Al-Fallujah teaching hospital. Media were organized & purified according toproducer’s guidance. The ready media were utilized for segregation , definition of the viable enumeration, identifying & sensibility workout these media were achieved in the wake of being solidified. Swabs wasinoculated bacteriological agars for isolation of causative bacterial types . Blood samples collected by veinpuncture for determination of PCT by using ELISA technique. The study showed that that 57% of pregnantwomen have vaginal swab for culture as compared with 48 of the control group (non- pregnant women). Theresults demonstrated that, 54.39% of pathogenic bacteria isolated from vagina of pregnant women was G-vebacteria and 45.61% was G+ve bacteria. S. aureus represented the highest rate of pathogenic isolates 45.61%in cases (43.86%) while 29.17 of the control group were infected equally by E coli and K. pneumonia.Thehighest rate of antibiotic sensitivity toward S. aureus isolates was occurred in levofloxacin (88.46%) whileit was completely resistant to ampicillin and lincomycin, 94.11% of E. coli isolates was sensitive to each oflevofloxacin and cefotaxime and 100% resistant to lincomycin, 92.85% of Klebsiella isolates was sensitive toamoxicalve while it was 100% resistant to ampicillin, erythromycin and lincomycin. Procalcitonin level washighly elevated among pregnant ones followed by healthy ones (26.79±9.4 v.s 9.236±0.6 pg/ml) at P value

The study aims to find the relationship between COVID-19 virus infections and early births in womeninfected with this virus in of Al-Fallujah city. The prospective study was conducted in Al-Fallujah cityduring the period between February 1, 2020, and September 1, 2020, at Al-Fallujah Teaching Hospital.Through the study, 100 pregnant women were received, complaining of Covid-19 infections, which werediagnosed in Al-Fallujah, and now Real Time PCR was confirmed through nasopharyngeal swabs that weretaken from Al-Fallujah Teaching Hospital. The study also included measuring the level of blood pressure,sugar andC-RP in those women during the fifth to eight week, where we were infected, and then in the 12thweek of pregnancy took place, where communication was made, and a level was measured, and as a result,these women whocompleted the period with a pre-term labor, miscarriagebefore the 24th week of pregnancyor those completed the period with successful pregnancy. In this study, 33% of COVID-19 pregnant womenwere within the age group 24-30 years followed by 30% in the age group 31-38 year. In this study, 10 % ofCOVID-19 pregnant women suffer from hypertension, 13% were with Diabetes, 35% with UTI while 70%were suffered from fever.When reaching 24th week of pregnancy, and as shown in Table 3. The study showedthat 40% COVID-19 pregnant women experienced completed the period with a pre-term labor, 10% waswith miscarriagebefore the 24thweek of pregnancy, while 50% of them completed the period continued thepregnancy. In this study, 82.5 % of COVID-19 pregnant women with preterm labor were suffered previouslyfrom fever comparing with 55% of COVID-19 pregnant women without preterm labor. The study showed thehighest mean of C-reactive protein was present COVID-19 pregnant women with preterm labor (22.5±2.14mg/ml), fan lowest mean was in women who without preterm labor (14.6±2.11 mg/ml) (P

The paper analyzes the Kurdistan Regional Government’s (KRG) natural resource strategies, such as how it deals with huge reserves of many trillion cubic feet of its natural gas as significant energy. Because natural gas belongs to the cleanest burning fossil fuels, with 30 percent less carbon than oil, it plays a role in the global fuel economy. As KRG transports its natural gas to international markets, like European countries, via Turkey it means they also participate in energy security as a new actor. Because the KRG is landlocked, strong factors may affect Kurdish natural gas strategies because KRG is surrounded by today’s partners and yesterday’s enemies politically and economically. Turkey, the neighbor of KRG, also buys its gas and has an influence on these strategies after the Ukraine crisis that pushed European countries to make a turn towards Caspian natural gas. Kurdistan is part of the best option for European energy security as it plans to diversify natural gas imports. While the KRG benefits from selling its natural gas directly to international markets, this will come with some struggles. Many of these obstacles can be classified into two types: internal and external obstacles, such as a conflict with the central government regarding how to share gas revenues. Others problems include Iranian neighbor interest on natural resources in Kurdistan and Russia that looks to Kurdish gas as its ally if Kurdistan joins the southern gas corridor pipeline.

Photocatalytic hydrogen generation via water splitting is a sustainable, renewable, and promising technology to produce green and clean hydrogen fuel by disassociating water into H2 and O2 using TiO2 photocatalyst, and sunlight with negligible impact on the environment, which can fulfill the future requirements of energy. TiO2-based photocatalysts are one of the most effective and widely used photocatalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen production due to their high photostability, abundance, high efficiency, non-toxicity, and low cost. However, TiO2 as a common photocatalyst cannot be easily applied to photocatalysis due to its wide bandgap energy that can only be activated under UV light, which occupies around 2–5% of the solar spectrum and the higher recombination rate of the photogenerated charge carriers before migrating to the surface to split water that restricted its photocatalytic performance. For that, factors such as surface area, particle size, and calcination temperature that affect the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 were highlighted. Additionally, the rational strategies such as doping, composite structure, dyes sensitization, defects engineering, and others that are used in enhancing their activities are described in detail. Importantly, the investigation showed that various parameters such as pH, sacrificial reagent, light intensity, catalyst, cocatalyst loading and catalyst deactivation, have great effects on photocatalytic hydrogen production over TiO2-based photocatalysts. Through reviewing the important state-of-the-art advances on this topic, this comprehensive review may provide new opportunities for designing and constructing highly effective TiO2-based photocatalysts for other applications in photocatalysis.

In recent years, heterogeneous photocatalysis using semiconductor and solar energy has gained a lot of attention owing to its potential applications in many fields such as the generation of renewable and sustainable hydrogen fuel, degradation of organic pollutants, and CO2 photoreduction. Due to its photochemical stability, fascinating electronic band structures, and effective light harvesting accompanied by suitable bandgap energy of 2.7 eV, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has been considered as a promising metal-free photocatalyst for solving the energy crisis and environmental problems. Nevertheless, due to the low-charge carrier mobility, and low surface area, its photocatalytic efficiency is limited. Because of its unique band structure, coupling it with a large bandgap semiconductor to produce a heterojunction composite offers a promising way to improve the charge separation, expand the surface area, and boost light absorption. For that, g-C3N4 as a robust photocatalyst together with numerous synthesis methods has been highlighted. Three primary systems of g-C3N4-based nanocomposites have been classified and summarized: namely metal oxides, sulfides, and ferrites. We have summarized the latest applications of g-C3N4/nanocomposites in solar energy conversion and environmental remediation. This review ends with an overview and several insights on the problems and future avenues in investigating advanced nanomaterials based on g-C3N4.

In this study, we will address the problem of knocking in internal combustion engines, and some of the factors affecting the knocking, through the study of the power of the effect of each factor after finding a model representing the relationship between the factors. We found Curve fitting model from data that has been obtained through the engine test (1.3L Campro, modified to turbocharger, 4-cylinder, MPI). This model has been evaluated statistically after finding the parameters that intervened in the construction of that model.

Globally more than 100 million SNPs in populations. These variations approximately 4-5 million SNPs in a people genome, occur almost every 1000 nucleotides on average and present either unique or in many in individuals. They can act as genetic signs, associated with illness and respond to chemicals and drugs. SNPs occurrence within or near a gene play important role in disease throughout affecting gene task. Frequently many protocols have been used to study single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) among human variants genome. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), Amplification refractory mutation system PCR(ARMS-PCR), sequencing and SNaPshot assays considered familial methods. The potential risk of contamination after PCR is common due to further other steps. In this direction, a high resolution melting (HRM) real-time PCR method is an alternative, reducing the post-PCR transferring steps. uVariants is clarified as appropriate website for designing primers used for SNP recognition by easy and inexpensive protocol called HRM. The researchers can focus on the interest of reference SNP ID number, or "rs" ID to avoid loss time. In this article description how to uses uVariants website for primer design used in HRM technique. Aims To describe uVariants and uDesign software, application and usefulness of HRM technique primer design in the genotyping SNPs among people and public health. Accessibility and requirements uVariants and uDesign are freely accessible at: https://www.dna.utah.edu/variants/;https://www.dna.utah.edu/udesign/app.php respectively.The network server supports the browsers: Chrome, Firefox, Torch, CoolNovo, 360 Browser, Internet Explorer, Opera, and Safari.

Aims: To detect the ocular manifestation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection/Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in Khartoum state-Sudan. Methods: This study was carried out in voluntary counseling and testing centers in Omdurman and the Military hospitals. 50 patients with HIV/AIDS were asked to fill a questionnaire and underwent a full ophthalmic examination. Results: Mainly the disease and so the ocular manifestations affect youth; the mean age is 34years. Male 52%, female 48%, 52 are married, 26% unmarried, the rest are divorced or widowed. Only 48% presented with ocular symptoms. The most common manifestation found to be HIV retinopathy and HIV conjunctiva Microvasulopathy 32% 30% respectively. Kaposi sarcoma 6%, KCS10%, molluscum Contagiosum 6%, HZO 10%, Keratitis 8%, iritis 4%,CMV retinitis 6%, toxoplasmosis and orbital cellulitis 2% for each. CD4 count was 500 cells/μl or more in 14%, 200-499 cells/μl in most cases 54% and

Background: Hemiparetic and hemiplegic cerebral palsy(CP) constitute at least a third of all people with CP. Children with hemiparesis are suffering from weak hand muscles and retarded hand use.Mirror therapy is a relatively new ap proach in rehabilitation used in different neurological disorders. In mirror therapy a mirror is positioned orthogonally in front of the center of the patient’s body. The less-affected (healthy) extremity is moved and observed in the mirror. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mirror visual feedback on improving hand functions in chil dren with hemiparesis. Methods: Forty children with hemiparesis of both sexes, ranged in age from five to seven years old, participated in thisstudy. They were divided randomly into two groups of equal number (control and study). The control group re ceived a specially designed physical therapy exercise program for four successive weeks while the study group received mirrorexercise program in addition to the same program of the control group. Hand functions assessments was done usinggrasping and object manipulation subtests of Peabody developmental motor scale (PDMS-2). Hand grip strength was performed using handheld dynamometer. Evaluation was performed pre and post treatment program. Results:There was no significant difference between both groups in the pre-treatment mean values of all measured variables. Also, the results of this study revealed a significant improvement in the scores of the PDMS-2 andin grasp strength of the 2 groups. Post treatment results revealed more improvement in favor of the study group as compared with the control group. Conclusion: Using the mirror visual feedback could help in improving hand functions in children with hemiparesis.

An increased rate of cellular proliferation is a hallmark of cancer and may be accompanied by increase in ribosome biogenesis and dysregulation in rRNA synthesis. In this regard CX-5461 has been developed as a novel RNA POL1 inhibitor and is currently in Phase I/II clinical trials. We have set out to explore the use of this agent in combination with radiation therapy and to understand the associated molecular mechanisms using this approach. A panel of human tumour cell lines treated with CX-5461 indicated a broad spectrum of sensitivity (MTT assay) with IC50 values varying from 25nM - >2µM. No clear relationship between p53 status and sensitivity to CX-5461 was indicated and the mode of cell death was cell context dependent - either via autophagy (LC3I→ LC3II conversion, with P62 sequestosome decrease), sometimes via apoptosis (annexinV staining, caspase-3 activation), also in the presence of increased senescence (β-galactosidase activity). Combination treatment experiments involving CX-5461 alongside radiation therapy (0-16Gy) showed marked synergistic effects for some cancer cell lines, particularly the cervical cancer CASKI line (HPV16+ve). Highly significant effects were seen when low dose radiation and low dose CX-5461 were used together in CASKI cells: combination index CI=< 0.2 with 6nM CX-5461 and 2Gy (isobologram analysis). Cell cycle analysis of CASKI cells treated in combination indicated cell cycle disruption with prolonged S-phase, giving some insight into some of the associated mechanisms involved. In addition, we have found that BRCA-mutant PEO1 ovarian cancer cells were sensitive to CX-5461, IC50 approx. 100nM, whereas carboplatin-resistant PEO1CarbR (with reversed BRCA mutant status) cells gave an IC50 value >3µM In addition, proteomic studies have shown that PEO1CarbR cells overexpress a number of nucleolar proteins and we are investigating the relevance of this in relation to CX-5461 sensitivity. Our further studies aim to identify potential biomarkers of response to CX-5461 and may also inform the design of clinical trials of this novel agent. Citation Format: Mohammed Ismael, Roger Webb, Mazhur Ajaz, Helen Coley. CX5461 in combination with radiotherapy I effective against gynecological tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1862.

By injecting ethanol molecules into the argon plasma environment graphene sheets can be produced [1]. From this motivation the atmospheric pressure 2.45 GHz microwave plasma source was built. The argon and helium discharges with ethanol were obtained in a quartz tube which placed in a rectangular cavity. The discharge environment will be analyzed by optical emission method. The synthesized graphene sheets will be analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction method and Raman spectroscopy. The plasma power, gas flow rate and temperature effect on graphene sheets will be given.

Electronic voting is often seen as a tool for making the electoral process more efficient and for increasing trust in its management. Properly implemented, e-voting solutions can increase the security of the ballot, speed up the processing of results and make voting easier. However, the challenges are considerable. If not carefully planned and designed, e-voting can undermine the confidence in the whole electoral process.

Background: We evaluated the process of changing from conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) to totally arterial off-pump coronary artery bypass (TOPCAB) at a single heart center in Germany.Methods: We (1) used multivariate statistical methods to assess real-time monitoring of OPCAB effects, (2) conducted a case review to assess preventable deaths and identify areas of improvement, (3) conducted a team survey, and (4) evaluated benchmarking results.Results: All surgeons and assistants (n = 18) at this center were involved and were guided by the department head and one of the consultants, who was trained in this procedure in 2004 at the Leuven OPCAB school. The frequency of OPCAB operations increased abruptly in 2005 from 5% to 43% and then increased gradually to 67% (n = 546) by 2008 (total, 1781 OPCAB cases and 1563 on-pump cases). The in-hospital and 30-day mortality rates for OPCAB surgeries (n = 10 [0.6%] and 21 [1.2%], respectively) were lower than for on-pump surgeries (n = 27 [1.7%] and 26 [1.7%], respectively). Stroke rates were also lower for OPCAB surgeries (7 cases [0.4%] versus 15 cases [1%]). The lower risk of stroke in the OPCAB group was significant (P < .05) after risk adjustment. Monitoring curves and case reviews demonstrated a preventable death percentage of at least 30%. The attitude of the team was mostly positive because of the promising results (eg, fewer strokes, increasing TOPCAB popularity, and a top national rank).Conclusions: The change from conventional CABG to TOPCAB was effective in decreasing the incidence and severity of stroke, in developing a team routine and a positive team attitude, and in producing excellent benchmarking results. The presence of a training and communication deficiency at the beginning of the study suggested an area for further improvement. After 6 years TOPCAB had largely replaced conventional CABG.