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1. Air pollution and childhood leukaemia: a nationwide case-control study in Italy

Author

Badaloni, C., Ranucci, A., Cesaroni, G., Zanini, G., Vienneau, D., Al Aidrous, F., De Hoogh, K., Magnani, C., Forastiere, F., Mattioli, Stefano, Miligi, L., Rondelli, R., Salvan, A., Masera, G., Rizzari, C., Bisanti, L., Zambon, P., Greco, A., Cannizzaro, S., Gafa, L., Luzzatto, L. L., Benvenuti, A., Michelozzi, P., Kirchmayer, U., Cocco, P., Galassi, C., Celentano, E., Guarino, E., Assennato, G., de Nichilo, G., Merlo, D. F., Bocchini, V., Mosciatti, P., Minelli, L., Chiavarini, M., Cuttini, M., Casotto, V., Torregrossa, M. V., Valenti, R. M., Haupt, R., Lagorio, S., Risica, S., Polichetti, A., Bochicchio, F., Nuccetelli, C., Biddau, P., Arico, M., De Salvo, G. L., Locatelli, F., Pession, Andrea, Varotto, S., Poggi, V., Massaglia, P., Monetti, D., Targhetta, R., Bernini, G., Pannelli, F., Sampietro, G., Schiliro, G., Pulsoni, A., Badaloni, C., Ranucci, A., Cesaroni, G., Zanini, G., Vienneau, D., Al-Aidrous, F., De Hoogh, K., Magnani, C., Forastiere, F., C. Badaloni, A. Ranucci, G. Cesaroni, G. Zanini, D. Vienneau, F. Al-Aidrou, K. De Hoogh, C. Magnani, F. Forastiere, S. Mattioli, L. Miligi, R. Rondelli, A. Salvan, G. Masera, C. Rizzari, L. Bisanti, P. Zambon, A. Greco, S. Cannizzaro, L. Gafa, L. L. Luzzatto, A. Benvenuti, P. Michelozzi, U. Kirchmayer, P. Cocco, C. Galassi, E. Celentano, E. Guarino, G. Assennato, G. de Nichilo, D. F. Merlo, V. Bocchini, P. Mosciatti, L. Minelli, M. Chiavarini, M. Cuttini, V. Casotto, M. V. Torregrossa, R. M. Valenti, R. Haupt, S. Lagorio, S. Risica, A. Polichetti, F. Bochicchio, C. Nuccetelli, P. Biddau, M. Arico, G. L. De Salvo, F. Locatelli, A. Pession, S. Varotto, V. Poggi, P. Massaglia, D. Monetti, R. Targhetta, G. Bernini, F. Pannelli, G. Sampietro, G. Schiliro, and A. Pulsoni

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, Air pollution, NO2, Land use Regression Model, Logistic regression, medicine.disease_cause, Economica, Residence Characteristics, USE REGRESSION-MODELS, Medicine, Child, Children, Vehicle Emissions, General Environmental Science, USE REGRESSION-MODELS, RESIDENTIAL TRAFFIC DENSITY, MAGNETIC-FIELDS, POOLED ANALYSIS, RISK-FACTOR, CANCER, EXPOSURE, CHILDREN, NO2, ASSOCIATION, Leukemia, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), ASSOCIATION, CANCER, Childhood leukaemia, Italy, Child, Preschool, Female, Case-Control Studie, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Socio-culturale, MAGNETIC-FIELDS, POOLED ANALYSIS, RISK-FACTOR, Air Pollution, Occupational Exposure, Environmental health, Traffic Indicator, Humans, EXPOSURE, RESIDENTIAL TRAFFIC DENSITY, Exposure assessment, Vehicle Emission, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Case-control study, Ambientale, Infant, Carcinogens, Environmental, Automobile, Case-Control Studies, Residence Characteristic, Dispersion Model, Etiology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Particulate Matter, Residence, business, Automobiles
Abstract

Objectives Leukaemia is the most common cancer in children, but its aetiology is still poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that traffic-related air pollution is associated with paediatric leukaemia because of chronic exposure to several potential carcinogens. Methods The Italian SETIL study (Study on the aetiology of lymphohematopoietic malignancies in children) was conducted in 14 Italian regions. All incident cases of leukaemia in children aged ≤10 years from these regions (period 1998–2001) were eligible for enrolment. Two controls per case, matched on birth date, gender and region of residence were randomly selected from the local population registries. Exposure assessment at birth residence included traffic indicators (distance to main roads and length of main roads within 100 m) and estimates of pollutants concentrations (particulate matter -PM 2.5 and PM 10 - and gases -NO 2 and O 3 -) from national dispersion model and land use regression models. The association between the exposure variables and leukaemia was assessed by logistic regression analyses. Results Participation rates were 91.4% among cases and 69.2% in controls; 620 cases (544 acute lymphocytic and 76 acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia) and 957 controls were included. Overall, when considering the residence at birth, 35.6% of cases and 42.4% of controls lived along busy roads, and the mean annual PM 10 levels were 33.3 (SD=6.3) and 33.4 µg/m 3 (SD=6.5), respectively. No association was found, and all ORs, independent of the method of assessment and the exposure windows, were close to the null value. Conclusions Using various exposure assessment strategies, air pollution appears not to affect the incidence of childhood leukaemia.

Published
2013
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2. Risk of neuroblastoma, maternal characteristics and perinatal exposures: the SETIL study

Author

Parodi S, Merlo DF, Ranucci A, Miligi L, Benvenuti A, Rondelli R, Magnani C, Haupt R, Mattioli S, Salvan A, Masera G, Rizzari C, Bisanti L, Zambon P, Greco Veneto A, Cannizzaro S, Gafà L, Luzzatto LL, Michelozzi P, Kirchmayer U, Cocco P, Galassi C, Celentano E, Guarino E, Assennato G, de Nichilo G, Bocchini V, Mosciatti P, Pubblica S, Minelli L, Chiavarini M, Cuttini M, Casotto V, Torregrossa MV, Valenti RM, Forastiere F, Lagorio S, Risica S, Polichetti A, Bochicchio F, Nuccetelli C, Biddau P, Aricò M, DeSalvo GL, Locatelli F, Pession A, Varotto S, Poggi V, Massaglia P, Monetti D, Targhetta R, Bernini G, Lippi A, Nardi M, Acquaviva A, Pannelli F, Tumori R, Sampietro G, Schilirò G, Pulsoni A, Legittimo P, Barone Adesi F, Cavariani F, Belletti I, Troeschel L, Calisti R, Marche C, Silvestri S, Sommani L, Farioli A, Tozzi GA, Terracini B, Paolucci G, Andreuccetti D, Anglesio L, Bertolotti M, Bevitori P, Biancotto R, Biggeri A, Bucci S, Comba P, Crosignani P, d'Amore G, Duglio E, Erna M, Ferrante D, Gelli L, Gilardetti M, Guidotti P, Lombardi M, Loomis D, Magnoni M, Merletti F, Miceli G, Mozzo P, Poggi A, Pons O, Rasulo A, Roletti S, Rosa M, Mestre V, Ru O, Russo G, Sgorbati G, Simonato L, Sivo D, Stievano B, Tofani S, Troti F, Tumino R, Valle M, Vecchia P, Erminio G, Galleni B., PANICO, SALVATORE, Parodi, Stefano, Merlo, Domenico Franco, Ranucci, Alessandra, Miligi, Lucia, Benvenuti, Alessandra, Rondelli, Roberto, Magnani, Corrado, Haupt, Riccardo, [ .., Mattioli, Stefano, ], Parodi, S, Merlo, Df, Ranucci, A, Miligi, L, Benvenuti, A, Rondelli, R, Magnani, C, Haupt, R, Mattioli, S, Salvan, A, Masera, G, Rizzari, C, Bisanti, L, Zambon, P, Greco Veneto, A, Cannizzaro, S, Gafà, L, Luzzatto, Ll, Michelozzi, P, Kirchmayer, U, Cocco, P, Galassi, C, Celentano, E, Guarino, E, Assennato, G, de Nichilo, G, Bocchini, V, Mosciatti, P, Pubblica, S, Minelli, L, Chiavarini, M, Cuttini, M, Casotto, V, Torregrossa, Mv, Valenti, Rm, Forastiere, F, Lagorio, S, Risica, S, Polichetti, A, Bochicchio, F, Nuccetelli, C, Biddau, P, Aricò, M, Desalvo, Gl, Locatelli, F, Pession, A, Varotto, S, Poggi, V, Massaglia, P, Monetti, D, Targhetta, R, Bernini, G, Lippi, A, Nardi, M, Acquaviva, A, Pannelli, F, Tumori, R, Sampietro, G, Schilirò, G, Pulsoni, A, Legittimo, P, Barone Adesi, F, Cavariani, F, Belletti, I, Troeschel, L, Calisti, R, Marche, C, Silvestri, S, Sommani, L, Farioli, A, Tozzi, Ga, Terracini, B, Paolucci, G, Andreuccetti, D, Anglesio, L, Bertolotti, M, Bevitori, P, Biancotto, R, Biggeri, A, Bucci, S, Comba, P, Crosignani, P, D'Amore, G, Duglio, E, Erna, M, Ferrante, D, Gelli, L, Gilardetti, M, Guidotti, P, Lombardi, M, Loomis, D, Magnoni, M, Merletti, F, Miceli, G, Mozzo, P, Panico, Salvatore, Poggi, A, Pons, O, Rasulo, A, Roletti, S, Rosa, M, Mestre, V, Ru, O, Russo, G, Sgorbati, G, Simonato, L, Sivo, D, Stievano, B, Tofani, S, Troti, F, Tumino, R, Valle, M, Vecchia, P, Erminio, G, and Galleni, B.

Subjects
Cancer Research, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Socio-culturale, ELF magnetic fields, ELF magnetic field, Nervous System Malformation, Neuroblastoma, Economica, Work related exposure, parental occupation, male, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, maternal exposure, medicine, Parental occupation, Maternal characteristic, Neurofibromatosis, humans, Neurofibromatosi, neurofibromatosis, business.industry, Risk Factor, Incidence (epidemiology), case-control studies, Ambientale, Congenital malformations, nervous system malformations, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Pregnancy Complication, Pregnancy Complications, female, Oncology, congenital malformations, maternal characteristics, neuroblastoma, incidence, Etiology, Congenital malformation, Case-Control Studie, business, Human
Abstract

Purpose: Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extra-cranial paediatric solid tumour. Incidence peaks in infancy, suggesting a role of in-utero and neonatal exposures but its aetiology is largely unknown. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the association between maternal characteristics and perinatal factors with the risk of NB, using data from the SETIL database. Methods: SETIL is a large Italian population-based case-control study established to evaluate several potential cancer risk factors in 0-10 year olds. Information about maternal characteristics, reproductive history, environmental and occupational exposures during pregnancy, as well as newborns' characteristics were obtained using a structured questionnaire. Extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) home exposure was measured. The study included 1044 healthy controls and 153 NB cases, diagnosed between 1998 and 2001. Results: A twofold risk was associated to exposure in pregnancy to chemical products for domestic work and to hair dye. The risk associated with the latter was higher among 0-17 month old children (OR. =. 5.5, 95%CI: 1.0-29.3). Risk was increased for children whose mothers had suffered work related exposure in the preconception period to solvents (OR. =. 2.0 95%CI: 1.0-4.1) and in particular to aromatic hydrocarbons (OR. =. 9.2, 95%CI: 2.4-34.3). No association was observed with ELF-MF exposure. A higher risk was found among children with congenital malformations (OR. =. 4.9, 95%CI: 1.8-13.6) or neurofibromatosis (2 cases and 0 controls, p=. 0.016). Conclusions: Our study suggests maternal exposure to hair dyes and aromatic hydrocarbons plays a role and deserves further investigation. The association with congenital malformations might also be explained by over-diagnosis.External exposure, in particular during and before pregnancy might contribute to NB occurrence.

Published
2014
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3. Prevention of serious vascular events by aspirin amongst patients with peripheral arterial disease: randomized, double-blind trial

Author

Fabris, F., Pilger, E., Pabst, E., Kostner, G., Wautrecht, J. C., Baitsch, G., Breddin, K., Diehm, C., Podhaisky, H., Taute, B. M., Diamantoupolos, E. J., Aimar, T., Alari, G., Albano, S., Altamura, N., Arosio, E., Bortolon, M., Caccia, R., Carotta, M., Carzaniga, G., Catalano, M., Contini, P., Difolca, A., Dore, M., Falaschi, F., Franchini, B., Frare, C., Frascisco, M., Giansante, C., Giona, E., Giubbolini, M., Lucarelli, F., Marchitelli, E., Marcialis, M. R., Martignoni, A., Melillo, E., Minola, M., Monetti, D., Nenci, G., Paolicelli, M., Pasqualini, L., Perilli, E., Pettina, G., Poli, L., Radicchia, S., Rossi, M., Scandale, G., Scondotto, G., Sergi, D., Setacci, C., Spada, S., Todini, A. R., Vaudo, G., Verlato, F., Visona, A., Zannoni, M., Bielawiec, M., Jawien, A., Meissner, A., Michalak, J., Nizankowski, R., Wandzilak, M., Avram, J. A., Avram, R., Hancu, N., Marian, A., Marian, I., Murariu, M., Negrisanu, G., Olinic, D., Olinic, N., Trambitas, R., Veresiu, I., Victoria, I., Kozak, M., Mavri, A., Bahi, J. S., Bahi, P. S., Brunkwall, J., and Gallino, A.

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, Placebo, law.invention, Double-Blind Method, Randomized controlled trial, Ischemia, law, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Myocardial infarction, Stroke, Aged, Angiology, Peripheral Vascular Diseases, Leg, Aspirin, Vascular disease, business.industry, Antioxidant vitamins, Peripheral arterial disease, Prevention, medicine.disease, Surgery, Clinical trial, Treatment Outcome, Female, business, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors, medicine.drug
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prophylactic efficacy of aspirin and a high-dose antioxidant vitamin combination in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in terms of reduction of the risk of a first vascular event (myocardial infarction, stroke, vascular death) and critical limb ischaemia. DESIGN: Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial with 2 x 2 factorial design. SETTING: Thirty-seven European angiology/vascular medicine units. SUBJECTS: A total of 366 outpatients with stage I-II PAD documented by angiography or ultrasound, with ankle/brachial index

Published
2007
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4. Road Traffic Pollution and Childhood Leukemia: A Nationwide Case-control Study in Italy

Author

Corrado Magnani, Alessandra Ranucci, Chiara Badaloni, Giulia Cesaroni, Daniela Ferrante, Lucia Miligi, Stefano Mattioli, Roberto Rondelli, Luigi Bisanti, Paola Zambon, Santina Cannizzaro, Paola Michelozzi, Pierluigi Cocco, Egidio Celentano, Giorgio Assennato, Domenico Franco Merlo, Paola Mosciatti, Liliana Minelli, Marina Cuttini, Maria Valeria Torregrossa, Susanna Lagorio, Riccardo Haupt, Francesco Forastiere, Andrea Farioli, Alberto Salvan, Giuseppe Masera, Carmelo Rizzari, Alessandra Greco Veneto, Lorenzo Gafà, Lia Lidia Luzzatto, Alessandra Benvenuti, Ursula Kirchmayer, Claudia Galassi, Erni Guarino, Gigliola de Nichilo, Vittorio Bocchini, Manuela Chiavarini, Veronica Casotto, Rosaria Maria Valenti, Serena Risica, Alessandro Polichetti, Francesco Bochicchio, Cristina Nuccetelli, Pierfranco Biddau, Maurizio Aricò, Gian Luca DeSalvo, Franco Locatelli, Andrea Pession, Stefania Varotto, Vincenzo Poggi, Pia Massaglia, Daniele Monetti, Roberto Targhetta, Gabriella Bernini, Franco Pannelli, Giuseppe Sampietro, Gino Schilirò, Alessandro Pulsoni, Stefano Parodi, Magnani, Corrado, Ranucci, Alessandra, Badaloni, Chiara, Cesaroni, Giulia, Ferrante, Daniela, Miligi, Lucia, Mattioli, Stefano, Rondelli, Roberto, Bisanti, Luigi, Zambon, Paola, Cannizzaro, Santina, Michelozzi, Paola, Cocco, Pierluigi, Celentano, Egidio, Assennato, Giorgio, Merlo, Domenico Franco, Mosciatti, Paola, Minelli, Liliana, Cuttini, Marina, Torregrossa, Maria Valeria, Lagorio, Susanna, Haupt, Riccardo, Forastiere, Francesco, Magnani C, Ranucci A, Badaloni C, Cesaroni G, Ferrante D, Miligi L, Mattioli S, Rondelli R, Bisanti L, Zambon P, Cannizzaro S, Michelozzi P, Cocco P, Celentano E, Assennato G, Merlo DF, Mosciatti P, Minelli L, Cuttini M, Torregrossa MV, Lagorio S, Haupt R, Forastiere F, SETIL Working Group., Magnani, C, Ranucci, A, Badaloni, C, Cesaroni, G, Ferrante, D, Miligi, L, Mattioli, S, Rondelli, R, Bisanti, L, Zambon, P, Cannizzaro, S, Michelozzi, P, Cocco, P, Celentano, E, Assennato, G, Merlo, D, Mosciatti, P, Minelli, L, Cuttini, M, Torregrossa, M, Lagorio, S, Haupt, R, Forastiere, F, Farioli, A, Salvan, A, Masera, G, Rizzari, C, Greco Veneto, A, Gafa, L, Luzzatto, L, Benvenuti, A, Kirchmayer, U, Galassi, C, Guarino, E, de Nichilo, G, Bocchini, V, Chiavarini, M, Casotto, V, Valenti, R, Risica, S, Polichetti, A, Bochicchio, F, Nuccetelli, C, Biddau, P, Arico, M, Desalvo, G, Locatelli, F, Pession, A, Varotto, S, Poggi, V, Massaglia, P, Monetti, D, Targhetta, R, Bernini, G, Pannelli, F, Sampietro, G, Schiliro, G, Pulsoni, A, and Parodi, S

Subjects
Myeloid, Male, Future studies, 010501 environmental sciences, Settore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E Applicata, 01 natural sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Economica, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Road traffic, acute non lymphoblastic leukemia, childhood, environment, leukemia, road traffic, air pollution, case-control studies, child, child, preschool, female, humans, infant, Italy, leukemia, myeloid, acute, male, precursor cell lymphoblastic leukemia-lymphoma, risk, motor vehicles, medicine (all), Leukemia, Traffic pollution, Medicine (all), General Medicine, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma, Motor Vehicles, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, Acute non Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Settore MED/38 - PEDIATRIA GENERALE E SPECIALISTICA, Road Traffic, Child, Preschool, Female, Medical emergency, Case-Control Studie, Human, Risk, Childhood leukemia, Socio-culturale, Acute, Environment, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia Lymphoma, 03 medical and health sciences, Environmental health, Air Pollution, Humans, Preschool, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, business.industry, Case-control study, Type specific, Ambientale, Infant, medicine.disease, Childhood, Case-Control Studies, Motor Vehicle, business
Abstract

Background The association of childhood leukemia with traffic pollution was considered in a number of studies from 1989 onwards, with results not entirely consistent and little information regarding subtypes. Aim of the study We used the data of the Italian SETIL case-control on childhood leukemia to explore the risk by leukemia subtypes associated to exposure to vehicular traffic. Methods We included in the analyses 648 cases of childhood leukemia (565 Acute lymphoblastic–ALL and 80 Acute non lymphoblastic-AnLL) and 980 controls. Information on traffic exposure was collected from questionnaire interviews and from the geocoding of house addresses, for all periods of life of the children. Results We observed an increase in risk for AnLL, and at a lower extent for ALL, with indicators of exposure to traffic pollutants. In particular, the risk was associated to the report of closeness of the house to traffic lights and to the passage of trucks (OR: 1.76; 95% CI 1.03–3.01 for ALL and 6.35; 95% CI 2.59–15.6 for AnLL). The association was shown also in the analyses limited to AML and in the stratified analyses and in respect to the house in different period of life. Conclusions Results from the SETIL study provide some support to the association of traffic related exposure and risk for AnLL, but at a lesser extent for ALL. Our conclusion highlights the need for leukemia type specific analyses in future studies. Results support the need of controlling exposure from traffic pollution, even if knowledge is not complete.

Published
2016

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