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Surface electrogastrography (EGG) is a non-invasive technique that is used to record myoelectrical activity of the stomach using cutaneous electrodes placed on the abdomen. Gastric motility assessment by EGG is a candidate for standard clinical procedure based on the quantification of parameters characteristic of gastric motility disorders. Despite its noticeable benefits, EGG is not widely implemented in clinical practice. The main reasons are: (1) lack of standardization of electrode placement, (2) time-consuming diagnostic procedures and (3) a complex multi-channel recording setup. We proposed a methodology in which an easy-to-use single-channel EGG, with a less time-consuming protocol (−6). We showed that a less time-consuming recording session with light meal intake could be used for the assessment of gastric myoelectrical activity (GMA).

The aim of this study was to investigate possible correlation of specific skeletal or dental class in children and adolescents with clinical signs of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) with the severity of internal derangement (ID) of the temporomandibular joint.Based on MRI images, the ID of 232 juvenile temporomandibular joints in 116 patients were retrospectively recorded. The distribution of the ID stages within the skeletal and dental classes was compared by means of the χExcluding the comparison between skeletal Class I (S I) and skeletal Class II (S II; p 0.05), no statistically significant differences in the distribution of the ID stages were found between the skeletal classes (p 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found when comparing the distribution of the ID stages between the dental classes (p 0.05).According to these findings, there is no skeletal or dental class that is related to higher degrees of internal derangement in the TMJs of children and adolescents presenting clinical signs of TMD. Therefore, it is not possible to draw conclusions about the severity of the ID in relation to the dental and skeletal class in symptomatic juvenile TMJs.

The paper presents the computer simulation and the measurement results of the realized strip horn antenna intended for operation at 9–15 GHz range. The antenna is fabricated with 20 mm wide and 1 mm thick aluminum strips. The arms of the horn are 60 mm long while the aperture angle is 60. The excitation is performed through the SMA connector pin which is placed at the quarter wavelength distance from the short-circuited strip.

Numerous studies have been devoted to the causes of craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD). This investigation addressed the effect of class III malocclusion and crossbite on CMD based on a sample of 115 prepubertal and adolescent patients of both sexes. Although class III malocclusion only accounted for 12.2% of the total sample, thus, being the smallest group, the percentage of crossbite (71.4%) among these patients was disproportionately higher than among the other classes. Of the total sample, the prevalence of crossbite was 30.4%. We compared these findings to a large-scale (n=4727) study by Thilander et al. (2002), who reported a strikingly high percentage of class I patients compared to our findings (72.7% versus 27.8%) and a lower percentage of crossbite cases (8.0% versus 30.4%). In accordance with the "orthodontic risk child" concept by Grabowski et al. (2007) and Stahl et al. (2007), we conclude that class III malocclusion and crossbite are keys in the pathogenesis of CMD.

The aim of this paper is to emphasize the necessity of reindustrialization of the Serbian economy. In order to ensure the preservation of the economy in terms of substantially altered external environment, first of all, it is necessary to consolidate the existing state and to ensure the growth of industrial production. This can be achieved by focusing resources primarily on the following industries: petrochemical, agro-industry, automotive industry, textile industry, and building materials industry. However, to ensure long-term sustainability of the Serbian economy, as soon as an acceptable level of growth in industrial production is reached, it will be necessary to enter the next phase - development of the Serbian industry based on knowledge and modern technologies.

The present case report documents the hitherto unusual application of camouflage orthodontics in one of our patients. Our female patient had previously been treated orthodontically alio loco and had also undergone bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. She presented with TMJ complaints, with associated pains. Despite a dental Class I and centrally seated condyles, her discs had prolapsed anteriorly without reduction and she had developed a massive degenerative-inflammatory TMJ disease. Skeletally, she was a Class II case despite previous orthognathic surgery. In addition, there was also an initial suspicion of rheumatic involvement that could not be confirmed. We distalized the entire lower dental arch without bicuspid extraction. Then we advanced the mandible with the Mandibular Anterior Repositioning Appliance (MARA).We discuss exactly how the modified camouflage therapy was structured and how the individual treatment steps took place.

Occasionally, undesirable post-surgical symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and pain have been observed. The aim of this paper is to show how often and to which degree TMJ pathologies occur in orthognathic surgery candidates before surgery, making it recommendable to consider these TMJ pathologies during treatment planning. Between 2002 and 2004, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the TMJ were made in 58 randomly chosen orthognathic surgery patients. 69% of the patients were female, 31% were male. Age averaged 31.6 years (16–61 years). Gender and malocclusion (Class I, II and III) were looked at during analysis of the data (n = 58 patients, n = 116 TMJs). MRI scans were made at the beginning of treatment. We wanted to investigate the TMJ condition before surgery. The largest patients group of this study were the female Class II patients (n = 25). Most patients displayed an Angle Class II (53.4%). The Class III patients followed (32.8%). A Class I molar relationship was found in 13.8% of the studied patients. A similar distribution could be observed in the parameters we studied: 1. condyle (position, degeneration), 2. disc (position, degeneration, prolapse and reduction). 76% of the TMJs (66.7%) showed dorsocranial condylar displacement. 26 of the 114 studied condyles (22.8%) were dorsally displaced. 108 of the studied joints (94.7%) showed condylar displacement. In 31 TMJs (28,4%) we found moderate, in 25 joints (22.9%) severe and in 26 joints (23.9%) we observed slight condylar degeneration. Most discs were displaced ventrally (31%). 22 of the studied 113 discs (19.5%) were displaced medially. 93% of the studied discs were not positioned correctly. 58 of the studied discs (58.6%) displayed flattening, in 8 (8%) we observed both flattening and disc adhesions. Two each of the studied TMJs had discs with perforations and adhesions or only perforations. In 57 (50.4%) of the studied discs we observed partial disc prolapse. Disc prolapse was total in 42.5% (n = 48 TMJs) of the TMJs. Eight TMJs (7%) of the 113 TMJs we analyzed showed no disc prolapse. Disc reduction was total in 71 (62.8%) of the studied TMJs. 15% (n = 17 TMJs) showed a partially reduced disc. 25 (22.1%) of the studied joints showed no disc reduction. Apparently, MRI scans of the TMJ are necessary in almost all potential orthognathic surgery patients to achieve optimal surgical results. Female Class II patients recruited the largest patient group among the studied collective. It is this group that deserves the greatest caution before and after surgery (TMJ pathologies!). In patients with jaw discrepancies, a TMJ examination should be made prior to surgery in order to be able to include the condition of the TMJs in the planning of treatment. This examination best includes Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Manual Functional Analysis (MFA).

This paper presents electromagnetic simulation software package WIPL-D microwave and design, passive PIN diode limiter for higher RF power in combination of waveguide and print techniques. The Limiter is designed for use at X-range of protection low noise semiconductor amplifiers and includes two spatially separated PIN diodes.

Frequently, Angle Class IIs display a retrognathic mandible rather than a prognathic maxilla [McNamara, Connelly & McBride, 19751]. Since the mandible appears to be the primary cause, it is logical to focus on it when treatment options are discussed. Consequently, all major fixed and removable Class II correction appliances attempt to improve mandibular growth and position. Several types are available on the market: Fixed Functionals like the MARA (Mandibular Anterior Repositioning Appliance), the Herbst appliance and William Clark’s Twin Block are, however, by far, more effective than removable appliances in more difficult cases and in cases with lacking or insufficient patient compliance. [O’Brien, Wright, Conboy et al., 20032] The primary difference between Class II/1 and Class II/2 is the angle of upper incisor inclination: In Class II/1s, the upper anteriors are proclined, creating a large sagittal step with the lingual, gingival part of the upper incisors holding the mandible posteriorly. This often causes enormous pressure on the TMJs and thus damage to the structures of the TMJ. In Class II/2s, the bite is usually very deep, and the upper incisors are retroclined, also producing a force vector that is directed distally, toward the TMJs. The bite in Class II/2s is not seldomly extremely deep, and the vertical height of the lower face is often reduced (brachycephalic growth). A great help for optimal diagnostics and treatment planning in orthodontic patients, esp. in patients with TMD (Temporomandibular Disorder) symptoms, has been MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging). MFA (Manual Functional Analysis) has recently evolved in the Netherlands and Germany as an important complement to MRI scanning. It covers very well the functional aspects of TMD, because it is a thorough orthopaedic type of musculoskeletal examination. Although dynamic imaging has been developed to diagnose mandibular mobility and disc behaviour, the MFA is also still a valuable adjunct as a diagnostic tool. Combining the very important MRI with MFA, the clinician gains very important knowledge of the condition of the TMJs and if the condyles can be advanced or not. MRI scanning and MFA also are the decisive factors as to the type of manual therapy / physiotherapy that is indicated as complement to mechanical anterior mandibular advancement. The latter is crucial, because without proper manual therapy -, it is much more difficult or even impossible to obtain satisfactory and stable treatment results.

The paper presents simulated and measured results of the UHF RFID antenna realized with dipole matched to a CPS (coplanar stripline) and inductively coupled with small rectangular loop. Such design of the antenna enables easy achieving and controlling high values of the inductive reactance that is necessary for obtaining good matching of antenna to ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) chip. The antenna is characterized by simple and robust design which results in low-cost realization.

This paper presents simulated (WIPL-D pro) and measured results of a UHF RFID antenna realized with a dipole matched to a CPS (Coplanar Stripline) and inductively coupled with a small rectangular loop. Such a design enables achieving and controlling high values of the inductive reactance that is necessary for obtaining good match of the antenna to an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) chip. The antenna is characterized by a simple and robust design, which results in low-cost realization.