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Aim Improving cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) has been regarded as a novel target for preventing cardiovascular disease. HDL reportedly has antioxidant properties which may contribute to its functions. We investigated changes in CEC with intake of the Japan Diet (JD) recommended by the Japan Atherosclerosis Society and the relationship of these changes to serum antioxidant concentrations. Methods A randomized parallel controlled clinical trial on JD intake was performed in Japanese patients with dyslipidemia. Ninety-eight participants were randomly divided into the JD (n=49) or the partial JD (PJD) (n=49) group. Nutrition education, based on each diet at baseline and at 3 months, was provided and the participants were followed up for 6 months. Results Mean CEC was 1.05 in total and correlated positively with HDL-cholesterol (p＜0.001) at baseline. CEC did not change while oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) was decreased in both groups (p＜0.001). Although serum total carotenoid increased in both groups, serum α-tocopherol decreased in the JD group as compared to the PJD group (p＜0.05). CEC correlated positively with HDL ORAC at baseline (p=0.021) and with serum total carotenoid at 3 and 6 months (p=0.005, 0.035). Changes in CEC correlated positively with changes in HDL ORAC at 3 months and serum total tocopherol at 3 and 6 months (p＜0.001). Conclusion CEC was not changed by JD education in Japanese patients with dyslipidemia who already had normal CEC at baseline. CEC was suggested to be positively associated with serum α- and γ-tocopherol and HDL ORAC.

Introduction: In sub-Saharan Africa, a paucity of data exists in respect of the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of patientson maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) regarding the dietary adaptations they should make.Methods: In a descriptive, cross-sectional study, conducted in 2017, questionnaires were administered during structured interviews with 75 participants in five MHD-units in Bloemfontein to assess socio-demographics and KAP regarding the ‘renal’ diet.Results: The median age was 50.5 years; 70.7% of participants were male. Overall, 49.4% scored low (< 50%) on knowledge regarding restricted foods, food content of restricted minerals, and phosphate binders; 60.0% reported negative attitudes towards the diet, and 61.4% reported poor adherence practices. Participants with tertiary education (28.0%) had significantly higher knowledge scores than participants with only primary school education (6.7%) (95% CI 3.9%; 73.5%), or those who had only partially completed secondary school (17.3%) (95% CI 6.3%; 64.0%). Only 21.0% reported having received written, and 30.7% verbal, nutrition education in their home language, while 24.0% reported never receiving nutrition education in either their home or second language. Having received nutrition education in a home language and/or second language was associated with significantly higher knowledge scores (95% CI 3.7%; 49.5%). Most (77.3%) reported zero to one consultation with a dietitian per MHD year (NKF-K/DOQI recommends at least three/MHD year).Conclusion: This population on MHD presented with poor KAP regarding the ‘renal’ diet, and inadequate involvement of dietitians in their treatment. Receiving nutritional education in a first or second language significantly increased knowledge of, and insight into, the required dietary adaptations.

PurposeThis paper examines the views of Australian primary school parents regarding the food and nutrition education (FNE) curriculum. Associations with personal values (Universalism and Hedonism) and demographic measures were also explored.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was conducted among 787 parents in March 2021. Parents rated the importance of 17 FNE topics. They were also asked about their support for six curriculum improvements and to state their own improvement suggestions.FindingsParents viewed the “Effect of food on health” and “Food hygiene” as the most important topics. Three FNE components were derived: (1) food safety and preparation, (2) health and nutrition information, (3) food origins and environmental sustainability. The “Food safety and preparation” component score was associated with both universalism-nature and hedonism values but negatively associated with parental education. The “Health and nutrition information” component score was associated with universalism-nature value and main language spoken at home. Lastly, the “Food origins and environmental sustainability” component score was associated with universalism-nature value. The two personal values, universalism-nature and hedonism, were more strongly associated with parents' views of curriculum topics than parental demographic characteristics. Parents had several criticisms of current FNE, including school food environments not resonating with FNE taught in the classroom and that FNE might increase the risk of eating disorders. They also suggested that the FNE curriculum should support both parents and teachers by providing relevant resources and training.Originality/valueAustralian parents' views of the importance of FNE topics and how to improve FNE in primary schools have been under-examined.

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of a nutritional intervention to promote fruit and vegetable (FV) intake.Design:A randomised controlled community trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a 7-month nutritional intervention and to promote FV intake, separately and together. All participants attended physical exercise sessions. The intervention was based on the transtheoretical model and Paulo Freire’s pedagogy. The interventions included group educational sessions, motivational cards and informational materials. The primary outcome was a change in FV intake (g/d), and secondary outcomes included stages of change, self-efficacy, decisional balance and knowledge on FV. All data were collected face-to-face; and FV intake was assessed using a validated brief questionnaire.Setting:Health promotion services of Brazilian Primary Health Care.Participants:3414 users of Brazilian Primary Health Care (1931 in the control group and 1483 in the intervention group (IG)).Results:At baseline, the average daily FV intake was 370·4 g/d (95 % CI 364·2, 376·6). The increase in FV intake (23·4 g/d; 95 % CI 6·7, 40·0) and fruit intake (+17·3 g/d; 95 % CI 5·1, 29·4; P = 0·01) was greater in the IG among participants in the lowest baseline intake. Participants in the IG also showed progression in the stages of change (P < 0·001), increased self-efficacy (P < 0·001) and improved knowledge of FV crops (P < 0·001).Conclusions:The nutritional intervention was effective in increasing FV intake and fruits intake among individuals with a lower intake at baseline and in maintaining FV intake among those who reported consuming FV as recommended (400 g/d).

Formal nutrition education improves diabetes management. We aimed to assess the effects of formal nutrition education on anthropometric indices, lipid profile, and glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes. Pubmed, Scopus, and Embase were searched. Randomized controlled trial design which evaluated nutritional education programs in adults with type 2 diabetes were selected. Twenty-six publications were included in analysis. Formal nutrition education reduced glycated hemoglobin (− 0.72%; 95% CI: − 0.95, − 0.49), fasting blood glucose (− 13.40 mmol/L; 95% CI: − 22.47, − 4.34), total cholesterol (− 6.28 mmol/L; 95% CI: − 10.77, − 1.79), triacylglycerol (− 17.26 mmol/L; 95% CI: − 29.10, − 5.42), waist circumference (− 2.02 cm; 95% CI: − 3.11, − 0.92), diastolic blood pressure (− 2.92 mmHg; 95% CI: − 4.74, − 1.11), and systolic blood pressure (− 6.16 mmHg; 95% CI: − 11.03, − 1.28). However, no significant differences were observed in formal education for body mass index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Formal nutrition education in type 2 diabetic patients can improve fasting blood glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin, reduce total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, blood pressure, and waist circumference.

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of anemia with the associated factors in pregnant women and the effect of family medicine practice and antenatal care services provided by family physicians on the prevention of anemia during pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN Community-based cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Family Health Centres in the Elazig region, Turkey from January to June 2019. METHODOLOGY A total of 495 pregnant women, attending the family health centres, were included. Women were administered a questionnaire related with the anemia and related factors; and hemoglobin values were drawn. Hemoglobin concentration

Female adolescents are prone to iron deficiency anemia due to regular menstrual cycles and loss of basal, thus requiring sufficient iron intake from food consumed daily. The concept of the Health Belief Model which consists of perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, and self efficacy helps to take action on the prevention of anemia. This study aimed to analyze the correlation of knowledge, the Health Belief Model, and consumption patterns with anemic status at Saint Stanislaus High School. This study used a cross-sectional design. The population in this study were all female students in grade X and XI of Saint Stanislaus Senior High School, totaling 84 people. The cluster random sampling technique was used to calculate the total amount of samples, totaling 46 people as the sample of this study. The data collected included respondent characteristics, knowledge rate, construction of Health Belief Model, consumption patterns of iron source foods differentiated into levels of adequacy and frequency of eating, and anemia status. The results of this study showed that 14 of the respondents aged 16 years experienced anemia (30.43%). The correlation of knowledge and the incidence of anemia significantly correlated, with a p-value of 0.044 (p 0.005). The frequency of kale consumption as a source of non heme iron had a correlation with the incidence of anemia (p

Background Since the risk of noncommunicable diseases is closely associated with dietary intake, it is important to establish healthy dietary habits in childhood. Although several dietary education programs for children have been attempted, their implementation at school was often difficult due to overcrowded study curricula. We developed a new program which included homework for children and guardians, and evaluated its effect. Determinants of the effect were also investigated. Methods The school-based nutrition education program including a 45-min lecture, a series of homework assignments involving children and guardians, and two handouts was implemented in 14 public primary schools in Japan. Seven schools each underwent the intervention in an alternating manner. Nutrition knowledge (percentage (%) of correct answers in the nutrition knowledge questionnaire) and attitude/behavior toward diet was evaluated three times (May (baseline), October, February) as outcomes. These factors and their changes following the intervention were assessed by linear mixed models to adjust for individual factors, with consideration to clustering of the participants and repeated measurements. Results In total, 2227 children aged 10–12 years and their guardians participated. All schools completed the program. Children’s nutrition knowledge level was significantly increased (8.7%, 95% confidence interval [7.7–9.7]) following the intervention. Communication between children and their guardians, which was positively related with nutrition knowledge, was facilitated by the intervention. The increase in nutrition knowledge was greater among children with a lower knowledge level at baseline. Conclusions This school-based nutrition education program was effective and feasible. Appropriate teaching materials for homework can reduce the burden on schools and facilitate communication between children and guardians. Public schools can be crucial venues for decreasing disparities in nutrition knowledge. Trial registration This study was registered as an intervention study in the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (trial ID: UMIN000029252) on Sep 22, 2017.

BACKGROUND: One of the problems related to eating behavior in children less than 5 years is the lack of consumption of fruits and vegetables. With this problem, an approach is needed to better consume it. AIM: This study aims to determine the effect of nutritional education using cognitive approaches (using illustrated storybooks and puppet shows) and psychomotor approaches (using puzzle and fruit and vegetable cards) on fruit and vegetable consumption behavior in children in the An-Nur Surabaya Kindergarten. METHODS: This study used a quasi-experimental study with a pre- and post-test group. The population is 48 respondents. Sampling uses the Probability sampling method with simple random sampling. The independent variable was nutrition education using media illustrated storybooks media, puppet shows, puzzles, and fruit and vegetable cards, meanwhile the dependent variable is consumption behavior of fruits and vegetables. The intervention was carried out 4 times. FFQ form was used to assess fruit and vegetables consumption behavior. RESULTS: The results showed that the average consumption of fruits and vegetables before the intervention was 168 g or equivalent to 1 portion, and the average after intervention was 304 g or equivalent to 3 servings. There is a significant influence (p = 0.000) on fruit and vegetable consumption through nutritional education. CONCLUSION: Nutritional education using media should be accompanied by a commitment to increase children’s motivation in eating fruits and vegetables.

This study determined food neophobia (FN) and the relationship of infant feeding practice (IFP) and (FN) among pre-school children in Orogun community, Ibadan. Three hundred and seventy mothers of pre-school children were chosen using a systematic random sampling technique from a pre-survey house to house list of eligible children. A semi-structured questionnaire that included socio-demographic characteristics, retrospective breastfeeding practice, retrospective complementary feeding practice (CFP) and FN scales were used to collect information. Data were analyzed using descriptive and logistic regression. The exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rate was 26.8% and 38% of the mothers had a good breastfeeding practice. Timely initiation of complementary feeding was 54%. The prevalence of FN was 35%. Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds for FN was higher among children who were initiated to breastfeeding late (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 0.886 – 2.31), children that were not breastfed on demand (OR = 1.766, 95% CI: 0.925 – 3.372), those not exclusively breastfed for six months (OR = 1.366, 95% CI: 0.834 – 2.240) and children introduced to complementary food before 6 months (OR = 1.473, 95% CI: 0.787 – 2.760). Most rejected foods were from the fruits and vegetable group. There were suboptimal IFP in the study and prevalence of FN was high. Poor IFP were associated with FN. Community-based nutrition education programs should be encouraged to improve IFP.

Nutrition education through school-based garden programs is a promising intervention to promote youth health and development. Gardeneers is a Chicago-based nonprofit, leading garden programming across area schools. To better understanding their impact on youth health, Gardeneers aimed to define their model more clearly. Using a collective case study design, this mixed-method, formative program evaluation focused on describing program implementation variation across schools. General program design included nutrition education through hands-on garden-based learning. Stakeholder engagement was a strength for some schools and a challenge for others. Sustainability was an ongoing challenge for all schools, particularly funding. Priority student outcomes also varied between schools. Adaptability is core to Gardeneers' approach-the challenge lies in replicable program design and manageable growth, but the strength lies in the ability to meet specific school and student needs. Using these findings, Gardeneers refined their program model and identified program improvements opportunities.

Background. Undernutrition including stunting particularly at an adolescent stage was not emphasized by various intervention strategies in the Ethiopian context. Assessing the magnitude and potential risk factors of undernutrition is thus helpful for policymakers to design appropriate intervention strategies. Hence, this study was aimed at assessing the magnitude of stunting and associated factors among adolescent students in Legehida district, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 424 adolescent students from February 15th to March 15th, 2018. A stratified sampling followed by a simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. A pretested, structured, and self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the required data. Height was measured by using a portable stadiometer and the height-for-age (HFA) z-score was calculated as an indicator of stunting. SPSS version 25 and WHO AnthroPlus software were applied to analyze the data. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with adolescent stunting. Statistical significance was determined at a p value of

Ações de educação em saúde em grupo apresentam vantagens em relação às intervenções individualizadas. A educação alimentar e nutricional realizada em grupos possui baixo custo de operacionalização, ampla abrangência, contribui com o fortalecimento de redes sociais, além de ser um método efetivo de promoção da saúde. No entanto, é necessário conhecer os participantes, a fim de que as intervenções possam ser orientadas. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse estudo foi caracterizar o perfil socioeconômico, padrão de consumo alimentar e o estado nutricional de participantes de uma ação de educação alimentar e nutricional em grupo. Trata-se de um estudo seccional realizado com 26 indivíduos matriculados em uma Universidade Aberta à Pessoa Idosa. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de questionários socioeconômico, inquéritos dietéticos e avaliação antropométrica. Os resultados indicaram que a população estudada apresenta renda mensal e escolaridade superior à média da população brasileira, elevada frequência de inadequação quanto a distribuição dos macronutrientes, em especial, de lipídios (n=13); elevada frequência de ingestão aumentada de ácidos graxos saturados (n=16), trans (n=14) e de sódio (n=9); elevado número de participantes consumindo fibras alimentares (n=18) e cálcio abaixo (n=23) do preconizado; e inadequação para a ingestão de vitamina D (n=26). Houve predomínio de sobrepeso, risco cardiovascular e frequência acima de 35% de situação de atenção para a redução de massa muscular. A realização desta pesquisa permitiu entender o contexto social dos participantes e identificar as necessidades nutricionais, norteando a escolha de temas e as metodologias para as ações de educação alimentar e nutricional em grupo.

BACKGROUND: Indonesia is currently facing a very complex health problem. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), for instance, are not only suffered by adolescence or adults, but nowadays, children are also facing the same problem. In children, obesity can be a dangerous risk factor for NCDs later in life. In 2013, the prevalence of overweight and obese children aged 5–12 years in Indonesia reached 18.8%. Meanwhile, in the industrial era 4.0, the development of technology and information is running very rapidly and may affect on food preferences of children, especially sugar, salt, and fat intake on children. Hence, schools play an important role in helping students establish healthy eating behaviors. AIM: Since nutrition was not a curriculum in elementary school Indonesia and studies related to nutrition education with the intensive methods through online platforms are still limited, this study aims to explore the effectiveness of 8-week nutrition education related to improving knowledge, attitude, practice, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control of children toward limiting sugar, salt, and fat intake on children aged 8–12 years. METHODS: This is a randomized control trial study by giving nutrition education intervention related to sugar, salt, and fat consumption to schoolchildren. This study targets elementary schoolchildren using a quasi-experiment design with a pre-post test control group design. The study will be conducted online in 3 urban areas (center) in Indonesia, namely: Surabaya, Semarang, and Makassar City. There are 13 elementary schools involved, consisting of 5 schools from Surabaya City, 4 from Semarang City, and 4 from Makassar City. A total of 300 elementary school students aged 8–12 years as well as 26 teachers are joining in this research. This study has the number: U1111-1268-9302 for the Universal Trial Number and approved by Thai Clinical Trial Registry (TCTR) with identification number: TCTR20210824013.

Aim: The Japan Diet (JD) recommended by the Japan Atherosclerosis Society based on the traditional Japanese diet is presumably favorable for preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, but few high-quality controlled clinical trials have examined its benefits as compared with other diets. We studied effects of nutrition education for JD intake as compared with partial JD (PJD) intake on serum lipids and inflammatory parameters in subjects with dyslipidemia. Methods: A randomized parallel controlled clinical trial was conducted on outpatients with dyslipidemia. Participants were randomly divided into the JD or the PJD group. Face-to-face nutrition education based on each diet at baseline and at 3 months, as well as monthly counseling by mail during the intervening 3-month period, were provided and participants practiced up to 6 months. Both groups were advised to reduce consumptions of animal fat/ fatty meat/poultry, confections, and alcoholic drinks. Additionally, the JD group participants were recommended to consume more fish, soybean products especially natto, vegetables, and seaweed/mushrooms/konjak, and to switch from refined to unrefined cereals or barley. Results: Mean LDL-cholesterol was 125 +/- 29 mg/dL at baseline, and the JD group ( n =49) showed a greater mean LDL-cholesterol decrease than the PJD group ( n =49) [- 8 mg/dL in JD vs 1 mg/dL in PJD, difference, -9 mg/dL (95%CI, -17 to 0) p =0.043)], and triglyceride ( p =0.023) and insulin ( p =0.033) reductions were larger in the JD group than in the PJD group at 6 months. Conclusion: Nutrition education for JD intake was suggested to improve serum lipid and metabolic parameters in patients with dyslipidemia.

Objective To investigate the effect of sensory-based feeding treatment for toddlers with food refusal compared with only providing nutrition education.Methods Thirty-two toddlers with food refusal were randomly assigned to an intervention group or the control group. Toddlers in the intervention group received the sensory-based feeding intervention and the duration was for 1 hour for 5 days per week for 4 weeks, and then 1 hour, once a week for 8 weeks. Subjects in both the intervention and control groups received nutritional education once every 4 weeks for 12 weeks. The participants were evaluated at their entry into the study and 12 weeks later based on height, weight, behavior at mealtime using the Behavioral Pediatrics Feeding Assessment Scale (BPFAS), and sensory processing ability using the Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile.Results Sixteen toddlers were included in each group. Two subjects in the intervention group and four toddlers in the control group were excluded from the final analysis. Significant improvements in child or parent subscales of the BPFAS were observed in the intervention group. In contrast, there were no significant improvements in any BPFAS scores in the control group.Conclusion Sensory-based feeding intervention was effective for improving mealtime behavior in toddlers with food refusal. Therefore, a sensory-based feeding intervention could be considered as an intervention approach to address feeding disorders in toddlers.

Virtual exchange (VE) in higher education provides an underemployed opportunity for fostering consumer and sustainability competencies. We explore how a crosscultural teaching-learning environment can be designed to encourage students to reflect on a complex global challenge - food consumption patterns - and their role in it. We discuss challenges regarding food consumption as a topic for VE and describe a didactic concept that employs inquiry-based learning and digital storytelling as the framework for student exploration and expression. Initially developed for VE in food studies and nutrition education, the concept can be readily transferred to other disciplines and topics. We present insights from a pilot implementation with 16 food science students from Laos and 26 pre-service teachers from Germany. The analysis of students’ responses from pre- and post-questionnaires and their digital stories suggest that the concept is promising, although some factors require improvement and careful attention, such as technologies and the lingua franca of the learning environment. Findings and lessons learned might inform other projects that similarly seek to address complex global challenges.

The provision of nutrition education for teenage girls is an alternative to increase protein and iron intake to prevent anemia. This study aims to determine nutrition education's effect using pocketbook media on protein and iron intake in teenage girls. The research design used was quasi-experimental with a control group pre and post-test design. Sampling was done by the purposive sampling method—statistical analysis using Paired Samples T-test, Wilcoxon, Independent Samples T-test, and Mann Whitney. This study indicates an influence of nutrition education using pocketbook media on protein intake (p = 0.000) and iron (p = 0.000) in the treatment group. There is no effect of nutrition education using PowerPoint on protein intake (p = 0.326) and substances iron (p = 0.52) in the control group. Statistically, there was a significant difference between protein intake (p = 0.000) and iron (p = 0.001) of the treatment and control groups. It is recommended that UKS and students work together to conduct nutrition education routinely so that the nutrition information delivered can be given to all students in the school to prevent nutritional anemia.

As medical schools work to train the next generation of providers, including robust content in nutrition education is paramount. The National Academy of Sciences sets the benchmark for 25 hours of nutrition education in medical schools, though many schools do not meet this requirement. Usually, nutrition lectures in medical schools are given in the pre-clinical years and focus on biochemistry and micronutrients. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a unique opportunity to quickly develop and implement an elective course for 3rd and 4th year medical students at the University of North Carolina School of Medicine. A course was created in lifestyle medicine and culinary medicine, and all were delivered remotely through Zoom. This course would be simple to replicate at other institutions and was very well received. This article will describe more of the resources, methods, and reactions to this course.

AIM: The study aims to determine the effect of two forms of Vitamin A supplementation (dose of 2 × 200 000 IU and dose of 1 × 200 000 IU), Vitamin A fortified cooking oil and nutritional education on retinol levels of breast milk. METHODS: A quasi-experiment design was used in this study with a total of 129 subjects divided into four groups; Group A (given 2 capsule of Vitamin A), Group B (given 1 capsule of Vitamin A), Group C (given cooking oil fortification), and Group D (given nutritional education). Retinol levels of the breast milk were measured 3 times (before, during, and after intervention). RESULTS: There were no differences in subject characteristics in terms of age, education, occupation, parity, and nutritional status between intervention groups (p > 0.05). The average of breast milk retinol levels was 52.15 μg/dl at the beginning. At the end of the measurement, the average decrease in breast milk retinol levels was higher in Group D (−27.2 μg/dl), and the lowest was in Group C (−9.9 μg/dl). The results of statistical tests showed that there was no difference in breast milk retinol levels between intervention groups in before, during, and after the intervention (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Fortified cooking oil and Vitamin A supplementation (1 × 200 000 IU) tend to maintain normal levels of retinol in breast milk compared to Vitamin A supplementation (2 × 200 000 IU) and nutrition education.

Background: Garlic has been shown to provide numerous health benefits attributed to its innate compound allicin. However, this compound is highly unstable when exposed to various cooking methods as it is affected by temperature and pH changes. There is limited information about health and preparation knowledge of garlic among consumers with various nutrition education levels including future nutrition professionals such as registered dietitian nutritionists. Purpose: To determine if consumer garlic health knowledge and perceptions were associated with garlic intake and if nutrition education level was associated with garlic health and preparation knowledge. Methods: An online survey was conducted to examine garlic health and preparation knowledge, garlic health perceptions, garlic intake, and garlic cooking methods among undergraduate students with and without a major. Results: There was a significant moderate positive correlation between garlic health knowledge and garlic intake (rs=.421, p

Purpose To test the efficacy of a theory-based behavioral intervention delivered via telephone versus clinic-based counseling to improve HIV outcomes and reduce alcohol consumption for people at-risk for treatment failure in a rural setting. Methods Patients receiving HIV care (N = 240) were randomized using a computer-generated scheme to one of three conditions: (a) telephone behavioral health counseling, (b) clinic-based behavioral health counseling, or (c) attention control nutrition education. Behavioral counseling was delivered by either a community nurse or a paraprofessional patient navigator, with differences examined. Participants were followed for 12 months to assess medication adherence using unannounced pill counts and alcohol use measured by electronic daily text message assessments, and 18 months for HIV viral load and retention in care extracted from medical records. Findings There was evidence for telephone and office-based counseling demonstrating greater medication adherence than the control condition but only in the short term. Clinic-based behavioral counseling significantly reduced alcohol use to a greater degree than telephone counseling and the control condition. There were no other differences between conditions. There were also no discernable differences between counseling delivered by the community nurse and the patient navigator. Conclusions Telephone and clinic-based counseling demonstrated improved medication adherence in the short term, while clinic-based counseling demonstrated reductions in alcohol use. The modest outcomes suggest that intensive intervention strategies are needed for patients that clinicians identify as at-risk for treatment discontinuation and treatment failure.

Background Culinary medicine (CM) or culinary nutrition (CN) education provided to professionals with the capacity to influence behaviour change is an emerging strategy to promote diet quality and reduce the burden of diet related chronic disease in adults. The purpose of this scoping review was to synthesise current research describing CM/CN education provided to or by health, education and culinary professionals, or students of these disciplines. Methods Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) was used. Eleven electronic databases were searched in March 2019. Included studies were: (i) nutrition, health or lifestyle programs with a CM/CN component (ii) study participants or programs facilitated by people working or training in health, community and/or adult education, or culinary roles where facilitator training was described (iii) reported in the English language (iv) published from 2003. Results A total of 33 studies were included. Nineteen studies delivered programs to general population groups and were facilitated by health professionals and/or health university students. Fourteen studies delivered CM/CN training to health professionals or students. Studies reported changes in participants' culinary skill and nutrition knowledge (n=18), changes in dietary intake (n=13), attitudes and behaviour change in healthy eating and cooking (n=4), competency in nutrition counselling and knowledge (n=7). Conclusions Further research examining effectiveness of CM/CN programs, and that describe optimal content, format and timing of programs is needed. Research evaluating the impact of training in CM/CN to education and culinary professionals on healthy cooking behaviours of their patients/clients is warranted. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Two hundred adult men between 36 and 55 years were selected for the assessment of their nutritional status. Information pertaining to socio economic status, anthropometric measurement, clinical profile and dietary pattern was collected using interview schedule. Energy costs of the activities were also collected. Information on the dietary nutrient intake was collected using 3-day dietary recall method. Anthropometric measurements namely height, weight, BMI and waist hip ratio were analyzed using standard procedures. Data was statistically analyzed. Results show that a greater percentage of the selected adult men were involved in moderate activity and belonged in middle income group. The educational qualification showed that 66% have completed school. The greater percentages of the selected subjects were from nuclear family. Most of the subjects were of normal height when compared with reference value. BMI revealed that forty nine percent were normal, 30% were overweight and 21% were obesity. Most of the selected subjects had WHR greater than 1. The food habits showed that majority of them were non vegetarians. Consumption of green leafy vegetables and fruits was less. On the contrary rice, wheat, red gram dhal were consumed daily. Most of the selected subjects mean nutrient intake was deficit when compared to RDA. The results of energy balance study showed that mean positive energy balance was 2098.2±90 kcal in the selected subjects. Nutrition education was given by power point, charts, pamphlets and a low energy snack was formulated and demonstrated used in the nutrition education programme. Results of paired t-test done shows that the nutrition education was effective (t = 3.84) and helped in improving the nutrition knowledge. The formulated product contains high amount of fibre. There is a need for educating these subjects on the right type and quantity of foods, higher intake of fibre rich foods, as well as the importance of regular physical activity to combat obesity.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Across the globe, the prevalence of hospital malnutrition varies greatly depending on the population served and on local socioeconomic conditions. While malnutrition is widely recognized to worsen patient outcomes and add financial burdens to healthcare systems, recent data on hospital malnutrition in Latin America are limited. Our study objectives were: (1) to quantify the prevalence of malnutrition risk in Latin American hospital wards, and (2) to explore associations between nutritional risk status, in-hospital food intake, and health outcomes. METHODS On nutritionDay (nDay), a specific day every year, hospital wards worldwide can participate in a one-day, cross-sectional audit. We analyzed nDay data collected in ten Latin American countries from 2009 to 2015, including demographic and nutrition-related findings for adult patients (≥18 years) from 582 hospital wards/units. Based on patient-reported responses to questions related to the Malnutrition Screening Tool, we determined the prevalence of malnutrition risk (MST score ≥2). We also summarized patient-reported food intake on nDay, and we analyzed staff-collected outcome data at 30 days post-nDay. RESULTS The prevalence of malnutrition risk in the Latin American nDay study population (N = 14,515) was 39.6%. More than 50% of studied patients ate one-half or less of their hospital meal, ate less than normal in the week before nDay, or experienced weight loss in the prior three months. The hospital-mortality hazard ratio was 3.63 (95% CI [2.71, 4.88]; P

Background: Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy is a major health problem and one of the leading causes responsible for maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to investigate effect of health promotion instructions regarding iron deficiency anemia on young pregnant women's knowledge and practice. Design: Aquasi-experimental design was utilized to fulfill the aim of the study. Sample: A purposive sample composed of 100 young pregnant women. Setting: The present study was conducted at two Maternal and Child Health Centers (Al Nahal Medical Center and Sheba MCH) affiliated with the Zagazig City Ministry of Health and Population. Tools of data collections: Data were collected by using five tools. Tool I: through an interviewing questionnaire form, Tool II: Pregnant women assessment sheet, Tool III: Assessment of women knowledge, Tool IV: Observation checklist and Tool VI Follow up record. Results: after implantation of health promotion instructions the mean hemoglobin level was increase among the study subjects in second and third trimester compared that in first trimester also there is a regress of signs and symptom of anemia in second and third trimester. As well as marked improvement of women total knowledge and practices towards IDA from 55% in pre to 83% in post and 80% in follow up of health promotion instructions. Conclusions: The present study concluded that the implementation of health promotion instructions improve young pregnant women’s dietary knowledge and practice thus it proved to be successful in raising the hemoglobin level. Recommendations: A nutrition education is recommended to enhance the nutritional knowledge of young mothers about iron rich foods, enhancer and inhibitors of iron absorption. Also should be provided with instructional booklets about anemia based on scientific background to improve their knowledge

Background: Elective culinary medicine education has become popular to help fill important gaps in physician nutrition training. The implementation and outcomes among the inaugural cohort of medical students who received culinary medicine training as a required component of medical school curriculum at the University of Maryland School of Medicine are described. Methods: Following a series of elective pilot sessions, culinary medicine training was provided to all first-year medical students in the 2019-2020 academic year. The 3-hour training included evidence-based nutrition lecture, cooking simple recipes, and group discussion of the application to personal and patient care. Pre-/postsession questionnaires assessed nutrition knowledge, skills, and attitudes as well as nutritional counseling confidence. Paired t-tests estimated mean differences in outcomes pre- and posttraining. Qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis. Results: Overall, 119 of 125 (95.2%) students provided pre- and posttraining outcomes data. All nutritional and patient counseling outcomes improved ( P < .05). Themes of being better prepared to address healthy eating barriers in patient care and personal ability to make healthy dietary changes were noted in qualitative analysis. Conclusion: One session of culinary medicine training in core medical student curriculum was feasible and improved medical student nutrition knowledge, skills, and attitudes and confidence in patient nutrition counseling.

Background: Fruits and vegetables are necessary elements of a healthy diet to decrease the risk for chronic diseases, however, a Saudi college student’s intake of fruits and vegetables is less than the optimal everyday consumption. Nonetheless, an intervention might be beneficial in changing health behaviors among college students. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of using nutrition educational interventions to enhance Saudi college students’ fruits and vegetables consumption. Methods: Two hundred and thirty-seven participants were recruited in the nutrition educational intervention. Each participant was assigned to one of two groups (control and nutrition education intervention). The intervention group received weekly nutrition classes for 100 minutes focused on fruit and vegetable consumption benefits for 15 weeks. The control group had education classes which were not related to nutrition. Three-day food records were used to evaluate intake of fruits and vegetables twice during the study period and the change was evaluated by paired samples T-Test. Results: Participants did not eat the recommended portions of fruits and vegetables. However, there were significant mean increases in frequency intakes of fruits and vegetables in the education group by 1.08 servings a day. Conclusion: Nutrition education was an effective method to improve the intake of fruits and vegetables as the study finding suggests.

The increasing number of stunting in Indonesia has crossed the WHO limit and has become a national issue that the incidence of stunting leads to unmet nutritional needs starting from the fetus to the age of toddlers, toddlers to toddlers. The purpose of the study was to find out the effectiveness of posters for giving children nutrition to parents' knowledge about nutrition in preventing stunting. This research is an intervention research by providing nutrition and stunting health education with 1 group pre-post test with pictorial media in the form of posters. The technique used is total sampling, namely all parents who have children from Bina Anaprasa Kindergarten. Data was collected by using a paired T-test approach through a pre-post test. The average result obtained is an average difference with a p value of 0.031, which means that there is an increase in knowledge of parents after being given nutrition education interventions in preventing stunting.

Background: Older people vulnerability to COVID-19 is related to the presence of comorbidities, diseases, and low immunity. Undernutrition conditions make them prone to anemia (low hemoglobin/Hb), and low lymphocyte level brings a higher risk for COVID-19 infection. Objective: To assess the effect of potato almond orange cookies on weight, Hb, and lymphocyte levels of undernourished older people amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This 3-week randomized controlled trial involved 48 subjects > 60 years, divided randomly into treatment group (potato almond orange cookies) and control groups (potato almond cookies). Lymphocyte and Hb were collected before and after the study. Both groups received nutrition education. The analysis was performed using an independent t-test and paired t-test. Results: Weight gained in the treatment group (0.7 kg) was significantly different from the control group (p=0.002), with a 0.3 point change observed in the BMI of the treatment group. Changes were also seen in vitamin C intake in treatment group (+10.3 mg, p = 0.03) and vitamin E intake in both groups (+4.6 mcg, p = 0.001 and +2.9 mcg, p = 0.001, respectively), but not for inter-group. Weight, Hb, and lymphocyte level increased in both groups, with the highest weight increased in the treatment group while the highest Hb increased in the control group. The lymphocyte increased 1 point in both groups. Weight, Hb, and lymphocyte level differences were insignificant between the two groups. Conclusion: Potato almond orange consumption tends to increase weight, Hb, and lymphocyte level in undernourished older people during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: To assess the effect of a designed nutrition education program (NEP) on maternal attitudes. Methods: A control two groups quasi-experimental pre- and post-experimental were adopted. Data were collected through personal interviews of two groups using a validated questionnaire. The nutrition education program was conducted in three phases. Phase one was the pre-evaluation, phase two was the program’s implementation, and phase three entailed post evaluation of the program. Results: The results supported the efficient role of the NEP intervention in raising mothers’ attitudes towards nutritional care of under two years in Sennar Locality, Sudan. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to the controlled variables; mother age, mother education, mother occupation, husband occupation, number of children less than 5 years, family size, and child’s age, which indicates that the two groups were homogenous, i.e., no significant difference between mothers’ attitude of the two groups before applying the NEP. The results showed the effectiveness of the NEP in developing experimental group mother’s attitudes, comparing post-test with pre-test in favor of post-test to be statistically significant. NEP has a huge impact in developing the mother’s awareness post-test, measuring and developing the mother’s attitudes compared to post-test with pre-test. Conclusions and Implications: The nutrition education intervention demonstrated its effectiveness in maternal attitude. The study provided valuable baseline information to develop appropriate training courses and nutrition education programs to raise maternal awareness and attitudes towards infants and young children’s nutrition.

Background: Adequate nutrition is required for growth and development in children. This study tested the effectiveness of nutrition education on knowledge and BMI-for-age (BFA) of school-aged children in the Kumasi Metropolis. Methods: Children, aged 9-13 years old were recruited from ten randomly selected primary schools in the Metropolis. The schools were randomly allocated into 3 groups: nutrition education (3 schools), physical activity (PA) education (3 schools), both interventions (2 schools), or control (2 schools). Following a baseline nutrition and PA knowledge and status assess- ment in 433 children, twice-monthly nutrition and PA education and demonstrations were carried out for 6 months, followed by a post-intervention assessment. Results: PA and nutrition knowledge improved in all groups (P

Purpose: Most evidence for the relationship between physical activity, nutrition education, and late effects from cancer treatment come from cross-sectional studies. The purpose of this pilot study...

Background: In October 2017, France adopted the Nutri-Score label as the official food label to display on industrial food packaging. School mass catering is recognized as a substantial contributor to individual diet. Objective: Evaluating the impact of the food label Nutri-score on food choices of students at a school self-service restaurant and at home. Methods: Longitudinal open prospective pilot study conducted in the self-service restaurant of a vocational school in France in 2019. After a survey among guests (T0), food products labeled with the Nutri-Score were presented to consumers on the menus at the entrance and directly on the food dishes at the counters (T1). The intervention was supplemented by a counseling service on healthy diet conducted by a nutritionist (T2). Results: We observed a decrease in students’ consumption of sweet products (57%). Similarly, the self-service catering staff observed at the end of T1 a decrease in food leftovers categorized as less healthy. The implementation of the counseling service at T2 was significantly associated with a higher consumption of fruits and vegetables (P < .001), healthier eating habits at home (P < .001), more home cooking (P < .02), and an increased will to check for the presence of the Nutri-Score labels on supermarket food items (P < .001). Conclusions: After the display of the Nutri-Score label, we observed an improvement in students’ diets. However, results were significant only when the Nutri-Score was associated with a counseling service.

Objective:The study was performed to assess the potential of different educational approaches given to primary school children on their nutritional status.Methods:The study was conducted with all second and third-grade students studying in an elementary school. First, 2 second and third-grade teachers were given nutrition education by the researcher. These teachers gave a healthy nutrition education to their classes for 2 months as indirect education. During the same period, the researcher gave direct nutrition education to other students. Before all education, a questionnaire and food consumption frequency forms were tested on all students. After waiting for 2 months, the food consumption frequency form applied to the students again.Results:While the percentage of students’ energy from total fat and saturated fat was decreased at the end of the education, the percentages of energy from monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were increased (p

Introduction: Close relationship exists between diet, nutrition and dental health. Oral tissues are nutrition-dependent; inadequate diets can precipitate oral diseases and vice-versa. The study aimed to examine the effect of dietary pattern and nutritional status on the oral health of adults attending the Dental Clinic in University College Hospital, Ibadan. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 participants above 18 years; visiting the dental clinic. Questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demographic characteristics, oral habits and oral health-related dietary problems. Oral diagnosis and medical history were obtained from case notes. Validated Food Frequency and 24-Hour Recall questionnaires were used to collect information on frequency and pattern of food and nutrient intakes. Result: Participants’ mean nutrient intakes were adequate for macronutrients but inadequate for nearly all micronutrients. Vitamin C showed statistical significance with Fracture, Vitamin B6 and B12 with Malocclusion, and Phosphorus and Zinc with Gingivitis. Oral problems affected food intake of 58.4% of participants, while 52.8% reportedly changed their diets due to oral problems. Coping mechanisms included chewing on one side of the jaw (40.8%), opting for liquid/soft foods (11.2%), avoiding hard foods (25.6%), omitting meat, fruits and vegetables from meals (21.6%). Conclusion: The study establishes the prevalence of hidden hunger in patients with dental problem and the close relationship between nutrition and oral health. Nutrition education on the importance of adequate diet for good oral health is required, and treatment of oral health problems should involve Registered Dietitian Nutritionists. Key words: Dietary pattern, Nutritional status, Oral health, Coping mechanisms, Nigeria.

Maternal nutrition is very important for the wellbeing of pregnant women, childbirth, and lactating women, which are crucial and meant for the wellbeing of a mother and newborn baby. This narrative review discusses nutritional malpractices, motivational drivers, and their consequences typically from Ethiopian pregnant women’s context. Different studies (regarding less of study design and type) done among pregnant women (aged 15–49 years) by considering pregnancy-related outcomes and timing of nutritional malpractices were included mostly. Accordingly, taboos of healthy diets, craving for unhealthy foods (sweet, fat, raw, and salty/spicy foods), and nonfood items (soil, coffee residue, stone, and ash) were practiced majorly by the women. The birth difficulty, fetal head plastering, fetus discoloration, fetus burns, abortion, and abdominal cramp are the primary drivers of taboos of healthy diets. Hormonal change and social and nutrient-seeking behavior are the most prevalent drivers to the consumption of unhealthy foods. Additionally, personal interest, flavor, and color of items are important motivators to practice pica. Such pica practice hurts nutrient intake, absorption of iron/zinc, abdominal health, and diarrhea occurrence. Food taboos are high predictors of health disorders, such as intrauterine growth restriction, infection, bleeding, preeclampsia, stillbirth, early birth, low birth weight, retarded development of cognitive, and anemia. Craving and eating unhealthy foods were interconnected with chronic disease development (hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and cancer), discomforts, preterm labor, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction in women. Additionally, it is also associated with stillbirth, low birth weight, obesity, birth defect/deficit, hypertension, cancer, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, renal disease, decreased fetal growth, behavioral change, heart failure, and poor cognitive development in the infant. Overall, these nutritional malpractices are significantly associated with many argumentative pregnancies as well as developmental consequences leading to the direction of infant and maternal mortality and morbidity. Therefore, urgent implementation of health and nutrition education programs considering food misconceptions and beliefs regarding pregnancy and use of ground-breaking ways to play down the negative and maximize potential positive dietary effects designed by the government of Ethiopia could also serve as a long-term solution to the problem.

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de um programa de exercicios fisicos e educacao alimentar e nutricional (EAN) nos indices glicemicos, antropometricos e composicao corporal de mulheres com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 atendidas na Estrategia Saude da Familia. Metodologia: Participaram do programa 12 mulheres adultas e diabeticas, atendidas na Estrategia Saude da Familia de Santo Antonio de Goias - Goias. As participantes foram submetidas a um protocolo de exercicio combinado, com duracao de 12 semanas, composto por 3 sessoes de treinamento semanal de 60 minutos de duracao cada. As sessoes de treinamento tinham uma fase de aquecimento de 10 minutos constituida de caminhada ou corrida, fase de exercicios de 20 minutos de treinamento aerobio (TA) seguido por 25 minutos de treinamento contra resistido (TCR). As atividades de EAN aconteceram a cada 15 dias, durante os meses de agosto a dezembro de 2019, e foram construidas a partir do diagnostico levantado sobre o consumo alimentar das participantes. Antes e apos a intervencao foram coletados a glicemia de jejum (GJ), variaveis antropometricas, de composicao corporal e consumo alimentar. Resultados: O indice de massa corporal (p=0,018), o consumo de energia total (p=0,045) e carboidratos (p=0,012) reduziram apos a intervencao, e o ângulo de fase (p=0,046) aumentou apos a intervencao. Nao houve alteracao do percentual de gordura corporal (p=0,100). Conclusao: Os exercicios fisicos e a EAN adotados nao melhorou os indices glicemicos das participantes diabeticas atendidas na Estrategia Saude da Familia, porem levou a uma melhora do ângulo de fase.

Background Educating and training clinicians to deliver nutrition interventions is critical to improve population health. However, the adequacy of nutrition education within primary care adult and family nurse practitioner (ANP/FNP) curricula has not been addressed. Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe faculty perceptions of nutrition education in ANP/FNP programs. Methods We used a cross-sectional design to gather data on nutrition education. The survey was administered to a convenience sample of faculty from the United States. Results Our response rate was 47.8% (N = 49). The mean ± SD hours of nutrition education was 14.4 ± 14.6. One-fourth of schools reported that their students received at least 25 hours of nutrition education. Most participants thought it was very or extremely important (75.6%) that their students become more educated about nutrition. Conclusions There is a need and desire for more nutrition education within nursing graduate curricula. Novel strategies to implement nutrition education in nurse practitioner curriculum are needed.

Slum environment may pose risk to child health and nutrition. This study assessed the risks of anemia among under five-year-old children, five years after implementing a nutrition education and counseling intervention in two urban slums in Nairobi, Kenya. A cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2018 as a follow-up of a randomized controlled study carried out between 2012–2015. A trained nurse measured hemoglobin levels of 438 children from households which participated in the initial study. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to identify risks of anemia. The mean (+ SD) age of the children was 55.9 (5.3) months and mean (+ SD) hemoglobin was 10.7 (1.5) g/dL. Anemia prevalence was 59.8%, 33.9% had mild, 24.7% moderate, and 1.2% severe anemia. Absence of home toilet (AOR = 3.31; 95% CI, 1.20–9.09), household which paid to use a toilet facility (AOR = 1.86; 95% CI, 1.12–3.08), child’s frequency of eating colored fruits and vegetables (AOR = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.08–0.96), meat and meat products (AOR = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.23–6.01), number of meals a child aged

Fruit and Vegetable Prescription (FVRx) programs rely on diverse community and clinic partnerships to improve food security and fruit and vegetable consumption among medically underserved patient populations. Despite the growth in these programs, little is known about the feasibility or effectiveness of the unique partnerships developed to implement FVRx programs conducted in both community and free safety-net clinic settings. A 6-month nonrandomized controlled trial of an FVRx program was pilot tested with 54 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)–eligible adults with diet-related chronic conditions. The intervention combined monthly produce prescriptions for local produce at a farmers market, SNAP-Ed direct nutrition education, and health screenings for low-income adults. Process and outcome evaluations were conducted with respective samples using administrative program data (recruitment, retention, and prescription redemption) and self-administered pre- and postintervention surveys with validated measures on dietary intake, nutrition knowledge and behavior, and food purchasing practices. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted. The FVRx program retained 77.3% of participants who spent nearly 90% of their prescription dollars. After the intervention, the FVRx group reported significantly increased total intake of fruits and vegetables, knowledge of fresh fruit and vegetable preparation, purchase of fresh fruits and vegetables from a farmers market, and significantly altered food purchasing practices compared with the control group. Community-based nutrition education organizations enhance the feasibility and effectiveness of community and clinic-based FVRx programs for improving low-income adults’ ability to enhance food and nutrition-related behaviors.

Objective Examine associations between soldiers’ eating behaviors, compliance with body composition and fitness standards, and physical performance. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Eight Army installations. Participants US Army Soldiers (n = 1,591; 84% male). Main Outcome Measures Characteristics, eating behaviors, compliance with body composition and physical fitness standards, and fitness level were assessed via questionnaire. Analysis Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression. Results Eating mostly at a dining facility was associated with lower odds of body composition failure (odds ratio [OR], 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26–0.73); whereas, eating at a fast rate (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.05–2.17) or often/always ignoring satiety cues (OR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.06–4.27) was associated with higher odds of body composition failure. Eating mostly fast-food/convenience meals (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.19–2.59) and eating at a fast rate (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.04–1.93) was associated with higher odds of physical fitness failure. Skipping breakfast was associated with lower odds of high physical performance (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.23–0.74); whereas, nutrition education was associated with higher odds of high physical performance (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01–1.04). Conclusions and Implications As eating behaviors are modifiable, findings suggest opportunities for improving the specificity of Army health promotion and education programs.

It is important for medical students to understand the relationship between nutrition, obesity, and diabetes to educate their patients in the future. However, medical training does not always include nutritional education. An experiential learning project was incorporated into the medical school curriculum as an effort to implement nutrition in the physiology course. First-year medical students ( n = 140) received lectures on the regulation of blood glucose levels and their relationship to carbohydrates with different glycemic indexes (GI), obesity, and diabetes. Lectures were followed by a laboratory exercise where students calculated their body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat, and percentage muscle using a Bioelectrical Impedance Commercial Scale. While 63% of students had normal BMI, 31% were overweight or obese and 5% were underweight. A subgroup of 54 students tested different types of breakfasts with varying GI and provided blood samples at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. Their glucose responses were plotted based on the breakfast GI. Pre- and posttests were conducted to assess the teaching intervention where the Wilcoxon signed ranks test indicated that posttest ranks were significantly higher than pretest ranks (Z = −6.6, P < 0.001), suggesting the intervention was beneficial to students.

B ackground : Nutrition are the essential factor to maintain body weight, body mass index and food intake in CAPD patients. Dialysis could increase nutrients lost and had to be replaced by adequate intake. Nutrition education should be needed to increase patient’s knowledge, food intake and body mass index. O bjectives : To determine the role of nutrition education towards energy-protein intake and body mass index in patient with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) M ethod : A cross-sectional study design with total sampling technique to obtains thirthy CAPD outpatient at RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Energy and protein intake were assessed by 3-days-food records (weekday and weekend). Nutritional status were obtained with BMI by dry body weight. Data were analyzed with independent t-test. R esults : Most of subject are male outpatients, 25 – 55 years old (76.7%), had hypertension (83.3%) and normal BMI (50%). Most of subject had been undergoing peritoneal dialysis more than a year (67%), and had less than two times education per year. Energy intake were categorized as sufficient (>80%) but protein intake were categorized as insufficient. There were no differences between frequency of nutrition education with energy-protein intake and nutritional status (p>0.05) C onclusion : There are no differences between energy-protein intake and nutritional status with the frequency of nutrition education. Nutritional education by nutritionist and/or dietitian according to the recommendations help to maintain normal body mass index.

Background : As much as 73.4% of children aged ≥ 5 years in Indonesia have breakfast with the low nutritional quality of food consumption, as evidenced by the prevalence of 95.5% of children's less consumption of vegetables and fruits. Breakfast habits affect fiber and micronutrient levels. Communication and nutritional information can increase accuracy in breakfast behavior from childhood. Effective and efficient media are needed. So far, the media for children has prioritized illustrations without paying attention to the cultivation of moral values. Objectives : This study aimed to determine the effect of Islamic comic media on improving healthy breakfast attitudes among students. Materials and Methods : The research design was a quasi-experimental type. Subjects were taken by a simple random sampling method. Ninety-six students were divided into three groups. Group A was given nutrition education using Islamic comic media about health breakfast (n = 32). Group B was given nutrition education using Islamic comic strip media about health (n = 32). Group C was a control group (n = 32). The study used two types of nutrition promotion media: comics and comic strips, which are stories about healthy eating in Islam. The time for nutrition education intervention through comics and comic strips is 2x ± 35 minutes. The pretest was ± 25 minutes with ± 10 minutes explaining the instructions for filling out the questionnaire. The posttest was ± 25 minutes with a discussion for ± 10 minutes—nutritional attitudes related to health breakfast by answering a validated questionnaire. We used the Lickert scale to categorized nutritional attitudes. Statistical test was done by Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney test. Results : The distribution of nutrition attitudes of respondents increased after the provision of Islamic comics, both comics and comic strips about breakfast. The nutritional attitudes increased significantly in the Islamic comic media group (p = 0.000) and the Islamic comic strip media group (p = 0.000), from 78.75 to 92.96 and 78.61 to 92.88, respectively. Conclusions : There was a relationship between counseling and Islamic comic media regarding healthy breakfast towards the nutritional attitude of elementary school-age students.

Despite improvements in food production and healthcare services, the burden of malnutrition in Uganda has for the last 30yearsremained unacceptably high with rates of stunting (chronic undernutrition) and anemia (proxy for micronutrient deficiency) currently estimated at 29% and 53%,respectively among young children aged 6-59 months. Considering that both undernutrition and over nutrition are greatly attributed to monotonous diets characterized by limited dietary diversity and overdependence on starchy refined grains or roots as staples,there is need to improve the population’s awareness of appropriate dietary practices. To improve nutrition education, the Infant and Young Child-feeding national counseling cards for community volunteers (IYCF cards)that were developed by United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), are currently the standard package used in Uganda’s health sector to educate caregivers on appropriate child-feeding practices. In this study, the effectiveness of a three-group food guide was evaluated against IYCF cards.A randomized, controlled intervention trial engaged three randomly selected distant groups of child-caregiver pairs (n=40) concurrently in one of three treatments namely: (i) nutrition education using a three-foodgroup guide (FG), (ii) nutrition education using age-appropriate IYCF cards, and (iii) negative control group that engaged in hair-plaiting sessions. At baseline, all groups had randomly selected caregivers of children aged 6-14 months and were met once a week for five consecutive weeks during the intervention. Caregivers were interviewed at baseline and 2 months after the interventions to determine changes in child-feeding practices while their children were concurrently measured to determine changes in their nutritional status.At baseline, caregivers in the three treatment arms exhibited inappropriate child-feeding practices indicated by low child-feeding index (CFI) scores,which were also related to poor nutritional status of their children. After the interventions, children in FG group were given more varied animal-source foods than those in IYCF cards group (p =0.02). Compared to controls, caregivers in FG group gave their children significantly more snacks (p = 0.01), their child-feeding practices indicated by CFI scores significantly improved (p = 0.001) and their children exhibited better growth patterns indicated by weight-for-age (p = 0.02) and MUAC-for-age (p = 0.03) Z-scores.These findings,therefore,indicate that the three-group food guide is more likely to improve child-feeding practices and growth patterns than IYCF cards.Hence, there is need to integrate the food guide into IYCF materials to foster child-feeding practices and growth.

Purpose: To investigate the knowledge of Saudi women (pregnant and non-pregnant) about the significance of folic acid (FA) supplementation and to determine how income levels affects this knowledge and its implementation. Methods: The study was conducted among women of child-bearing age attending Al-Hada Armed Forces Hospital and Khaliss General Hospital (both in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) for pregnant women and Omm Al-Qura University in Makkah Governorate (Saudi Arabia) for non-pregnant women. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data and to analyze levels of FA knowledge, including general awareness, proper timing of its use, information source, FA benefits, and the perils of FA deficiency. A chi-square test was performed to test the differences between variables. Results: Analysis of the survey data revealed that 81.1 % of non–pregnant and 91.1 % of pregnant women were aware of the term, FA (p < 0.05). Moreover, 71.1 % of the pregnant compared to 35.6% of non-pregnant women knew that this supplement must be taken before becoming pregnant and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). For pregnant women, doctors and previous pregnancies were the main sources of FA knowledge, while mass media was the most frequently reported source for non-pregnant women (p < 0.05). Income level was not associated with FA knowledge in either group. Conclusions: This study illustrates a deficiency in the knowledge and consumption of this important micronutrient in women of childbearing age, the population most in need of this information. Nutrition education should be provided to increase the understanding and practice of FA supplementation periconceptionally and during pregnancy.

Objective:Adequate and appropriate nutrition education is expected to contribute towards preventing risk of child stunting and maternal overweight/obesity. Understanding women’s information-seeking behaviours is an important key step for health professionals and departments of health in order to improve the development of optimal and targeted nutrition education during pregnancy. This study investigated the experience of Indonesian women in seeking and receiving nutritional information during pregnancy and its relationship to women’s socio-demographic and pregnancy characteristics.Design:An online cross-sectional study.Setting:Malang City, Indonesia.Participants:Women who had given birth within the past 2 years (n 335).Results:All women in this study sought or received food and nutrition information from multiple sources, including social and health professional contacts and media sources. The women frequently discussed nutrition issues with their family, particularly their husband (98·2 %) and mother or mother-in-law (91·6 %). This study identified four groups of sources based on women’s search habits. Women from high socio-economic strata were more likely to discuss food and nutrition issues or received nutrition information from obstetricians, their family or online sources (adjusted R2 = 26·3 %). Women from low socio-economic strata were more likely to receive nutrition information from midwives, health volunteers or Maternal and Child Health books (adjusted R2 = 14·5 %).Conclusions:A variety of nutrition information sources needs to be provided for women from different socio-economic strata. Involvement of family members in antenatal nutrition education may improve the communication and effectiveness of young mothers’ dietary and nutrition education.

Objectives: An increasing number of nutrition policies have been implemented in Ontario schools as part of a concerted effort to address students’ well-being. This article explores understandings of biological differences in nutrition requirements between young men and women and the extent to which these differences are (re)produced in social eating behaviours and food pedagogies. Setting: A suburban school (grades 9–12) located in the Greater Toronto-Hamilton Area in Ontario, Canada. Method: Critical policy analysis combined with 13 focus groups of students (13–18 years old) in one Ontario school. A biopedagogical lens was used to analyse how young people develop and deploy their own reasoning and question the messages they receive about expected behaviour. Results: Focus group discussions suggest that dominant discourses and constructions about sex/gender are reproduced within the school environment, which has implications for the effectiveness of nutrition policies in schools. Furthermore, differences between young men and women’s eating behaviours were found to be contradictory to biopedagogical instructions from educational institutions and governmental agencies. For some young people, the pedagogical messages received are limited in their effectiveness because young people have not been convinced that it is worth risking their social status or because their content is contrary to messages received from media or their peers. Conclusion: Incorporating student voice in the creation of educational policy will assist health educators and school officials to understand sex/gender influences on the behaviour of students in terms of financial considerations, peer influence and social image. Optimising student voice to understand how they themselves may contribute to the implementation of policies will in turn increase the policies’ effectiveness.

Diet has been shown to influence disease activity in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Modification of dietary intake is the most commonly used lifestyle intervention in HS, and patients frequently report HS improvement after implementing dietary changes. Providing nutrition education may be perceived as not feasible within the time constraints of an outpatient office visit, and many physicians may also not feel equipped to do this. In addition, most insurances have limited coverage for nutrition visits. However, dietary changes may be employed as a low-cost adjunctive treatment option that can be combined with conventional medical treatment to mitigate HS symptoms. Though dietary modification has been increasingly recognized as a commonly used and influential factor in HS management, there is no comprehensive HS nutritional guide. Herein, we provide tools for both physicians and patients to facilitate evidence-based nutrition education in HS through collaboration with dermatologists specializing in HS, a registered dietitian, and a culinary specialist.