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Background Identification of the immune response against tuberculosis is vital to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. The objective of this study was to determine IL (interleukin)-18 and IL-27 responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to early secreted antigen (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10) stimulation in children with a (+) or (−) tuberculin skin test (TST) with in-house tuberculosis contact. Methods We enrolled 40 children aged 1 to 5 years who had an in-house contact with a tuberculous adult. Blood samples were obtained from all children for QuantiFERON tuberculosis (TB) gold in tube (QFT-GIT), and peripheral blood mononuclear blood cell culture tests. The subjects were grouped as TST (−) QFT-GIT (−), TST (+) QFT-GIT (−), and TST (+) QFT-GIT (+). Supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture was separated with and without stimulation of ESAT-6 and CFP-10, and IL-18 and IL-27 levels were measured with enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) test. Results The study group included 22 boys and 18 girls with mean age 4.25 ± 0.9 years. IL-18 and IL-27 levels were statistically significant in ESAT-6/CFP-10-stimulated supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples among the three groups (p = 0.000, p = 0.007, respectively). IL-18 levels between the TST (−) QFT-GIT (−) and TST (+) QFT-GIT (+) groups were significantly different (p = 0.026). Both IL-18 and IL-27 levels were significantly different between ESAT-6/CFP-10 stimulated PBMC supernatants of TST (−) QFT-GIT (−) and TST (+) QFT-GIT (−) groups (p = 0.000, p = 0.003, respectively). Conclusion Low IL-18 and IL-27 responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in children with Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine may play a role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection after in-house contact.

WOS: 000362583600004, PubMed ID: 25633918, The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive and/or reparative effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) in rats. Thirty rats were divided into four groups (short-term control (SC), short-term laser (SL), long-term control (LC), long-term laser (LL)). In all groups, the left first molar was moved mesially for 11 days. At the end of this period, the rats in groups SC and SL were killed in order to observe the resorption lacunas and to evaluate whether LLLT had any positive effect on root resorption. The groups LC and LL were remained for a healing period of 14 days in order to observe spontaneous repair of the resorption areas and investigate whether LLLT had reparative effects on root resorption. A Ga-Al-As diode laser (Doris, CTL-1106MX, Warsaw, Poland) with a wavelength of 820 nm was used. In SL group, the first molars were irradiated with the dose of 4.8 J/cm(2) (50 mW, 12 s, 0.6 J) on every other day during force application. In LL group, the irradiation period was started on the day of appliance removal and the first molars were irradiated with the dose of 4.8 J/cm(2) on every other day for the next 14 days. LLLT significantly increased the number of osteoblasts and fibroblasts, and inflammatory response in SL group in comparison with SC group (P = .001). The amount of resorption did not represent any difference between the two groups (P = .16). In LL group, LLLT significantly increased the number of fibroblasts and decreased the amount of resorption in comparison with LC group (P = .001; P = .02). Both parameters indicating the reparative and the resorptive processes were found to be increased by LLLT applied during orthodontic force load. LLLT applied after termination of the orthodontic force significantly alleyed resorption and enhanced/accelerated the healing of OIIRR. LLLT has significant reparative effects on OIIRR while it is not possible to say that it definitely has a preventive effect.

We have planned to demonstrate histopathologic effects of mid- or long-term oral use of desloratadine and cetirizine HCl molecules on middle ear mucosa of rats. Thirty-six rats were randomized equally into six groups. Desloratadine groups received once daily doses of 1 mg/ml desloratadine for 30 (D30 Group) or 60 (D60 Group) days. The Cetirizine study groups were given once daily doses of 1 mg/ml cetirizine for 30 (S30 Group) or 60 (S60 Group) days. Control groups were given 2 cc physiologic saline using orogastric gavage method through a 12 G gavage catheter for 30 (K30 Group) or 60 (K60) days. At the end of 30 days, D30, S30 and K30 Groups were sacrificed. Tissue samples harvested from groups were evaluated between 1 and 4 Grades for histological characteristics of middle ear canal, eardrum, middle ear epithelium and connective tissue, edema, vascular congestion and inflammatory cells. In the control group no pathological finding was encountered in rats sacrificed on 30 and 60 days. No statistical difference was observed when groups were compared on external ear epithelial tissue, external ear sebaceous gland, middle ear inflammation, and middle ear capillary dilatation both on 30 and 60 days. Tympanic membrane collagen was more evident in D30 and D60 groups when compared with C30 and C60 groups. Comparison of histopathological grading results between 30 and 60 days revealed no significant changes. In conclusion, oral intake of cetirizine and desloratadine preparations has effects of tympanic membrane collagen, degrees of edema and vascular congestion being more prominent with desloratadine molecule.

Varicocele is the most clinical condition which can be treated by surgery. The frequency in male is 20%. The half of infertile patient has this pathology which there is dilatation in plexus pampiniformis veins of testes. Varicocele causes increase of heat or increse of oxidative stres in seminifer tubules where they produce pathology for spermatogenesis. Low frequency magnetic fields are useful for the treatment of many area where they become important role. In this study the effect of low frequency magnetic fields on the experimental varicocele model of rat testes was investigated. The parameters for oxidative stres suggest eNOS and iNOS with apoptosis were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. There was increaese in eNOS, iNOS and apoptosis by the varicocele experiment where there was testicular damage and low frequency magnetic fields caused decrease in oxidative stress and apoptosis. Application of magnetic fields can help the clinical varicocele pathologies either with treatment or supportive effect.

Objective: To investigate the effects of systemically given propolis on the expanded premaxillary suture in a rat study model. Materials and Methods: The 24 rats were randomly divided into three groups—only expansion (OE), expansion plus propolis (PRO), and nonexpansion (control) groups. After the 5-day expansion period was completed, the OE and PRO groups underwent 12 days of mechanical retention. At the end of this period, the animals were euthanatized and their pre-maxillae were dissected and fixed. Histomorphometric examination was performed to determine the number of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and capillaries as well as the intensity of inflammatory cells and amount of new bone formation. Results: Statistical analysis showed that the intensities of inflammatory cells, number of osteoblasts, and amount of new bone formation were greater in the PRO group than in the other groups. The PRO group also had more osteoclasts and new capillaries. Conclusion: Systemic use of propolis may hasten new bone formation at the expanded suture in rats.

Background: Rotator cuff tears are treated surgically when conservative treatment methods fail. Since osteoporosis is common and the cuff is degenerative in nature, it may be a challenge to treat the tears surgically in the elderly. The objective of this study was to evaluate the results rotator cuff repair with double row two anchors (one medial and one lateral) for middle sized tears in patients over 65years old.Methods: 18 patients who are over 65years old treated arthroscopically for medium sized rotator cuff tear were included in the study. Inclusion criteria were patients with MR findings and physical findings consistent with medium sized (1-3cm) rotator cuff tears, patients with follow up period of at least 2years. All of the patients were repaired using (two anchors, one medially and one laterally placed) double row technique arthroscopically. The patients were evaluated with constant Murley score and ASES scores. All these measurements (both ROM and functional tests) were performed preoperatively and at postoperative third sixth months, first year and after second year.Results: Mean age of the patients was 69.3 (±2.6). The mean follows up period was 34months (±4.1) Preoperative mean forward flexion and external rotation were 127.3±25.3º and 48.9±14.6º respectively. The preoperative mean internal rotation was 9.1±6.9º. Preoperative mean ASES score was 59.1º (±9.6) and mean constant score was 53.7º (±11.2). At the last follow up mean forward flexion was 158.3º (±17.9), external rotation was 63.2º (±11.4) and internal rotation was 9.3º (±7.3). Mean ASES score and constant score of the patients were 84.3 (±9.1) and 77.3 (±10.8) in the last follow up.Conclusions: It is possible to obtain good results in medium sized rotator cuff tears in patients over 65years old particularly if fatty degeneration over grade II has not prevailed.

The optical and electrochemical properties of a regioregular and soluble alkylenedioxyselenophene-based electrochromic polymer, namely poly(3,3-didecyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-selenopheno[3,4-b][1,4] dioxepine (PProDOS-C-10), which is synthesized by electrochemical polymerization, are highlighted. It is noted that this unique polymer has a low band gap (1.58 eV) and is exceptionally stable under ambient atmospheric conditions. Polymer films retain 97% of their electroactivity after 40 000 cycles. The percentage transmittance of a PProDOS-C10 film was found to be 56.4% at 638 nm and 55.8% at 700 nm. Furthermore, this novel soluble PProDOS-C10 polymer shows an electrochromic behavior: a color change from pure blue to a highly transparent state in a low switching time (1.0 s) during oxidation, with high coloration efficiencies (328 cm 2 C-1 at 638 nm and 319 cm(2) C-1 at 700 nm) when compared to its thiophene analogue.

WOS: 000311370000019, PubMed ID: 22921441, Objective. We aimed to investigate the effect of systemic Ginkgo biloba in rapid maxillary expansion (RME). Study Design. We randomly divided 24 rats into 3 groups: expansion only (EO), expansion plus Ginkgo biloba (GB), and no expansion (NE). Expansion appliances were affixed to the maxillary incisors. After a 5-day expansion period, there was a consolidation period of 15 days, following which the rats were killed. Histomorphometric examination was performed to determine the number of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and capillaries, the number and intensity of inflammatory cells, and new bone formation. Results. New bone formation, number of capillaries, and the ratio of inflammatory cells in maxillary sutures were higher in the GB group than in the other groups. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the GB group had more osteoblasts and osteoclasts than the other groups. Conclusions. GB may hasten new bone regeneration in RME and prevent relapse after RME. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012;114:712-718)

WOS: 000299093400018, PubMed ID: 21038101, The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 820-nm diode laser on osteoclastic and osteoblastic cell proliferation-activity and RANKL/OPG release during orthodontic tooth movement. Thirty-eight albino Wistar rats were used for this experiment. Maxillary incisors of the subjects were moved orthodontically by a helical spring with force of 20 g. An 820-nm Ga-Al-As diode laser with an output power of 100 mW and a fiber probe with spot size of 2 mm in diameter were used for laser treatment and irradiations were performed on 5 points at the distal side of the tooth root on the first, second, and 3rd days of the experiment. Total laser energy of 54 J (100 mW, 3.18 W/cm(2), 1717.2 J/cm(2)) was applied to group II and a total of 15 J (100 mW, 3.18 W/cm(2), 477 J/cm(2)) to group III. The experiment lasted for 8 days. The number of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, inflammatory cells and capillaries, and new bone formation were evaluated histologically. Besides immunohistochemical staining of PCNA, RANKL and OPG were also performed. No statistical difference was found for the amount of tooth movement in between the control and study groups (p > 0.05). The number of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, inflammatory cells, capillary vascularization, and new bone formation were found to be increased significantly in group II (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining findings showed that RANKL immunoreactivity was stronger in group II than in the other groups. As to OPG immunoreactivity, no difference was found between the groups. Immunohistochemical parameters were higher in group III than in group I, while both were lower than group II. On the basis of these findings, low-level laser irradiation accelerates the bone remodeling process by stimulating osteoblastic and osteoclastic cell proliferation and function during orthodontic tooth movement., Cumhuriyet University [DIS-055], This study was supported by the Scientific Research Project Fund of Cumhuriyet University under the project number DIS-055.