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Objectives The Society for Vascular Surgery has proposed the Wound, Ischaemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) classification system as a prognostic tool for the one year amputation risk and the added value of revascularisation in patients with chronic limb threatening ischaemia (CLTI). This systematic review summarises the current evidence on the prognostic value of the WIfI classification system in clinical practice. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA guidelines. Materials The Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases were searched up to June 2018. Methods All studies using the WIfI classification for patients with CLTI were eligible. Outcomes of interest were major amputation, limb salvage, and amputation free survival in relation to WIfI clinical stage. The methodological quality of studies was appraised with the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. If possible, data were pooled and analysed using a random effects model. Study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction were carried out by two authors independently. Results The search yielded 12 studies comprising 2669 patients, most of whom underwent endovascular or open revascularisation. Overall study quality was moderate. All but one were retrospective studies, including a variety of subpopulations of patients with CLTI, such as only haemodialysis dependent, diabetic or non-diabetic patients. The WIfI classification was derived from chart data or prospectively maintained databases, both documented before the WIfI classification was published. Estimated one year major amputation rates from four studies comprising 569 patients were 0%, 8% (95% CI 3–21%), 11% (95% CI 6–18%) and 38% (95% CI 21–58%), for WIfI stages I–IV, respectively. Conclusions The likelihood of an amputation after one year in patients with CLTI increases with higher WIfI stages, which is important prognostic information. Prospective evaluations are needed to determine its role in clinical practice.

International audience; The automotive industry is shifting to mass production of electrified vehicles. Simulation is a key step for developing these new vehicles. System simulation tools as Simcenter Amesim includes ready-to-use multi-physics libraries in that perspective. A new library is being created based on the Energetic Macroscopic Representation formalism to speed-up the battery electric vehicles (BEV) development process. The paper presents the BEV multi-level simulation where the simulations were done using 3 different levels for the battery models. By using “plug & play” method different BEV model configurations can be built in a fast, precise and systematic way.

Energy Consumption of Auxiliary Systems on electric vehicles has an important role in reducing the overall autonomy since their contribution especially for what concern HVAC Systems is often not negligible and not correlated to vehicle kinematics. In this work authors propose a quite simple architecture to adopt an intelligent management of on board loads in order to increase the level of correlation between vehicle dynamics and applied auxiliary loads in order to smooth the overall power demand for vehicle storage system which is should be stressed by transients in which both traction and auxiliary loads are applied at the same time.

European Union (EU)Horizon 2020; International audience; The development of electric vehicles has been spectacular over the last 20 years, so the automotive industry has started to shift mass production of electrified vehicles. However, new electrified vehicles are required to face the needs of the users. Simulation is a key step for development of new vehicle. Organization tools, such as Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR), have therefore been developed to improve and speed-up the development of virtual electric vehicle models. The paper presents a comparison between functional and a structural representation on EV simulation under Simcenter Amesim. This paper studies the impact of the two representations on the simulation results and time. For this purpose, an EMR library for the Simcenter Amesim simulation tool has been developed.

Application of regenerative braking on electric vehicles has to be carefully optimized in order to maximize the system efficiency, maintaining high performance and reliability levels that are required by the automotive sector. Considering complex interactions arising from the interaction of electric brake plant with vehicle dynamics and other on-board sub-systems, there is the necessity of modular scalable models able to merge multiple competences and different engineering tools, aimed at performing accurate simulation activities. In this work authors present some preliminary results concerning the implementation of a model in which the potentialities of co-simulation between different environment are exploited.

The New Iram Kid Arrays-2 (NIKA2) instrument has recently been installed at the IRAM 30 m telescope. NIKA2 is a state-of-art instrument dedicated to mm-wave astronomy using microwave kinetic inductance detectors (KID) as sensors. The three arrays installed in the camera, two at 1.25 mm and one at 2.05 mm, feature a total of 3300 KIDs. To instrument these large array of detectors, a specifically designed electronics, composed of 20 readout boards and hosted in three microTCA crates, has been developed. The implemented solution and the achieved performances are presented in this paper. We find that multiplexing factors of up to 400 detectors per board can be achieved with homogeneous performance across boards in real observing conditions, and a factor of more than 3 decrease in volume with respect to previous generations., Comment: 21 pages; 16 figures

The range of Electric Vehicles is highly influenced by the electric power consumed by auxiliaries, a huge part of this power being used for cabin heat-up and cool-down operations in order to ensure an acceptable level of thermal comfort for the passengers. Driving range decreases with low temperatures in particular because cabin heating system requires an important amount of electric power. Range also decreases with high ambient temperatures because of the air conditioning system with electrically-driven compressor. At the same time, batteries and electric motors operates at their maximal efficiency in a certain range of temperature. The reduced EV driving range under real life operating cycles, which can be a barrier against market penetration, is an issue for further development in the future towards sophisticated cabin heating and cooling systems, as well as battery warmer. The aim of this paper is to highlight the benefits of a system simulation approach, based on LMS Imagine.Lab AMESim, in order to estimate the impact of various technologies of cabin heating and cooling on both the cabin temperature and the driving range. In this paper, a battery electric vehicle including a cabin heating with PTC device and a R134a refrigerant loop is simulated under various ambient temperatures on a given driving cycle with the same required cabin temperature target. Simulation outputs include the cabin temperature evolution, the battery state of charge and as a consequence the driving range.

Cooling system development is driven by upcoming CO2 reduction legislation. Valeo highlights an innovative cooling system architecture, which uses two modular main coolant radiators in the vehicle frontend. This newly developed “Ultimate Cooling” system has both low temperature and high temperature coolant loops, which are connected with each other. It allows together with an adapted control strategy to optimize the available heat dissipation capacity installed by the radiators in the vehicle front end. Results of measurements and simulation show the advantages of this new system in a demo-car with a Euro-4 diesel engine (50 kW/l) and a highly charged (80 kW/l) Euro-6 diesel engine.

The STEREO experiment will search for a sterile neutrino by measuring the anti-neutrino energy spectrum as a function of the distance from the source, the ILL nuclear reactor. A dedicated electronic system, hosted in a single microTCA crate, was designed for this experiment. It performs triggering in two stages with various selectable conditions, processing and readout via UDP/IPBUS of 68 photomultiplier signals continuously digitized at 250 MSPS. Additionally, for detector performance monitoring, the electronics allow on-line calibration by driving LED synchronously with the data acquisition. This paper describes the electronics requirements, architecture and the performances achieved., Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics (TWEPP) 2015, Lisboa. 9 pages, 9 figures

With the aim of reducing the environmental impacts of poultry feed, a database of the impacts of feed components destined for formulation was constructed using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. We used linear programming to create least cost feed formulas for fast-growing broiler (FGB), slow-growing broiler (SGB, i.e. quality label), laying hen and for three contrasting feed-cost situations (January 2006, December 2007 and March 2009). We focused on Eutrophication Potential (EP, a regional impact) and Climate Change (CC, a global impact) which were constraints to formulate low-impact poultry feed. The effects of using these constraints on feed cost and the use of feed components were investigated for a feed production plant in Bretagne (western France). Environmental impacts of poultry feed increased with the energy and protein content of the formula and were affected by the relative costs of feed components. FGB formulas had the highest impacts, followed by formulas for SGB and laying hens. The search for a minimum level of EP and CC of the formula decreased its impacts by 1-8% and by 1-12% respectively, and increased its cost by 2-8%, depending on the type of feed and the feed-cost situation. Impact reduction was obtained by partial substitution of soybean meal and cereals by rapeseed meal, grain legumes and co-products (wheat bran, gluten). Furthermore, 70% of the potential reduction of the EP and CC impacts could be obtained at a modest (0.5-4%) increase in the cost of the formulas. Some other ways to reduce feed impacts were explored, such as taking into account the geographic origin of maize crops and adopting a modified regulatory constraint for SGB formulas. It is important to continue this study by taking into account the whole life cycle of poultry production. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.