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The present paper is about issues of improving the management of family non-governmental preschool education organizations in Uzbekistan. Moreover, this paper discusses recent amendments in public and private preschool education in the country.

This article aims to unravel the issues of the threat of waves of refugees and asylum seekers in Indonesia. The concept of non-traditional security is adopted in this study as a framework for analyzing social problems of refugees and asylum seekers that have an impact on national security and interests. This research uses descriptive-qualitative analysis method to draw a common thread of threats that may arise along with the implementation of Presidential Decree no. 125 of 2016 concerning Handling of Refugees from Overseas. Referring to the results of data analysis, this study draws four reasons for the possible consequences of the wave of refugees in Indonesia, including: the regulations in Presidential Decree no. 125 of 2016 with other laws and regulations, the dilemma of unlimited stay permits, and the lack of budget allocations for sustainable handling of refugees.

The Signing of a National Disaster (Covid-19) as a National Disaster through Presidential Decree Number 12 of 2020 Determination of Non-Disaster in the Spread of Covid-19 as a National Disaster. All efforts that are being made right now are being carried out by the government through social measures to distribute the outbreak virus, of course, it will have an impact on the community in taking the call. The "Simalakama" option. Staying at home incapacitated, supported, then threatened with death. Or get out of the house to make a living to meet the needs of the family, threatened by the coronavirus, then threatened with death. This study discusses the role of zakat as a means of helping people who consider Covid-19. The research method used is descriptive qualitative data collection from articles, media, and libraries. The results of this study To overcome this Co-19 pandemic, zakat becomes one of the means to help people who face this disaster. Even the government through the Indonesian Ulema Consultative Council (MUI) has issued its fatwa so that zakat mal can be issued as soon as possible and must wait for a full year, as well as the nature of zakat issued at the end of Ramadan can be issued at the beginning of Ramadan. Thus, asking for zakat can be adjusted to the people who need assistance in this Covid-19 epidemic.

Venture capital is one of the financial institutions whose existence is still relatively new. Institutional and formal venture capital is a new venture there after the release of Presidential Decree No. 61 of 1988 on Financing Institutions and MoF No. 1251 / KMK.013 / 1988 on Conditions and Procedures for Financing Institutions. Both this regulation represents a milestone development of the venture capital law.This research uses descriptive analytical approach, using normative juridical approach or approaches normative-legal method research approach, or by Zainudin called normative legal research or doctrinal legal research, namely legal research using secondary data.The role of venture capital firms is very strategic, Venture capital has a great potential to contribute to business development. Small companies which have good prospects but do not have enough capital and do not have access to banks can thrive with the support of capital from venture capital. With venture capital, the new company would like to start a business activity could also be easily run business originally.In the mechanism of venture capital, there are at least three elements that are directly involved, namely: capital owners who want a high profit from its equity. Capital from various sources or investors are collected in a container or a special institution established for that purpose; or so-called venture capital funds.

Visum et Repertum (VER) financing regulated in KUHAP Article 136 and Law No.36 of 2009 article 125 is different from VER financing stipulated in Presidential Regulation No. 82/2018, Permenkes RI no. 71 of 2013, and PERKAPOLRI no. 5 of 2014. The research method used is the library research method (Library Research). The formulation of the problem in this research is how the legal arrangements governing VER financing as a form of protection for victims, what are the constraints on VER financing as a form of protection for victims, how to synchronize the regulations governing VER financing as a form of protection for victims. The purpose of this study is to determine the legal arrangements that regulate VER financing as a form of protection for victims, to analyze the constraints of VER financing as a form of protection for victims, to understand the synchronization of regulations governing VER financing as a form of protection for victims. The conclusion from the results of this study is that the legal arrangements governing the financing of Visum et Repertum as a form of protection for victims are not synchronized, the constraints in financing VeR are the overlapping regulations between KUHAP Article 136, RI Law No.36 of 2009 Article 125, Regulations Minister of Health No. 71 of 2013 Article 20 paragraph (4), Regulation of the Head of the State Police of the Republic of Indonesia of 2014 Article 15 and Presidential Decree N0.82 of 2018 Article 52 paragraph (1) letters r, s, t, u so that there is no clarity about who pays the post mortem , synchronizing the regulations that regulate VeR financing as a form of protection for victims needs to be realized in practice in the field. Lower legal regulations must follow higher legal regulations, so that there is compatibility between the law and the legal regulations under it.

The estimated compensation provided for damage to property deriving from the remedial acquisition pursuant to art. 42-bis of the Consolidated Law on Expropriations (Presidential Decree 327/2001), raises some questions both of a general and an applicative nature. This study, on the one hand, defines the contours of the estimation problem so as to frame it within the principles and postulates of the doctrine, and on the other, it pro-vides the operational indications that are necessary to face the practical determination of the compensation.The two are obviously closely connected. The discussion and the conclusions provide food for thought on issues involving the real estate appraisal and the legislation on expropriation.

By Presidential decree No. 215 of 15 may 2018 “On the structure of Federal Executive bodies”, the Ministry of education was transformed into the Ministry of education of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of science and higher education of the Russian Federation (hereinafter - the Ministry of education). One of the structural divisions of the Ministry of education is the Department of international cooperation (hereinafter-DIC). One of the projects supervised by the DIC is the program of external academic mobility, as a result of which Russian citizens have the opportunity to fully or partially undergo training (scientific training) in more than 20 foreign countries (hereinafter - the program of the EAM). Cooperation is carried out in accordance with intergovernmental agreements, orders of the Government of the Russian Federation, interdepartmental agreements of the Ministry of education of the Russian Federation, concluded within the framework of international scientific and educational cooperation programs. This article presents the results of the analysis of the effectiveness of the program for the last 5 years, as well as the results of the analysis of industry statistics on the financing of research in the framework of international scientific and educational cooperation .

Establishing Integrated Licensing Office (ILO) aims to improve services by means of fast, easy, cheap, transparent and accountable. However, complains persist from the permit applicants, the licensing arrangements are still too bureaucratic, time consuming, and costly. The objectives of the study are: (a) To identify policies and regulations related with IUIPHH, (b) To review the substance of IUIPHH and its relevance, and (c) To improve IUIPHH process as regulated by ILO. The method used is descriptive qualitative analysis. The result of the study revealed that there were 14 regulations involved in IUIPHH process and they are inter-section and inter-connection to each other. The policy of ILO establishment in the management of IUIPHH is not effective in its implementation. Because, it still requires a lot of documents to be submitted. For example, to process AMDAL and other technical documents it needs 105 working days for its completion. Meanwhile, Presidential Decree No 97/2014 states that it needs seven working days only. Thus, revising Presidential Decree No. 97/2014 can be considered to improve IUIPHH process. Reducing the imbalance between human resources and limited supporting facilities is another alternative suggested.

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the contribution of rural organisations to the socio economic development in the forest zone of the south from 1992; the year a Presidential decree authorised the creation of common initiative groups to 2015. This aim is realised with respect to the following research questions: What factors led to the emergence of common initiative organisations in the Centre and Southern Regions of Cameroon? What were their activities and the impact of the groups in the areas under study? The answers to these questions benefited from the following sources: archival, oral and a selective bibliography. Our analysis reveals that the disengagement of the government from the agricultural sector in the 90s and the regulations enforced by stakeholders favoured the creation of so many common initiative groups in the forest zone of Cameroon. The article concludes that the common initiative organisations largely contributed to rural development in Cameroon. This was through the transformation of agricultural products, its commercialisation and the saving of money by the members of the farmer groups that also permitted them to improve on their living standards.

Technology, including computers and internet, cannot be separated from Indonesians. At the beginning of computers and internet existence in Indonesia, the government took an initiative to make computers and internet equivalent terms through Presidential Decree No. 2 Year 2001. This aimed to ease Indonesians in using computers and/or internet. This effort then generated “Senarai Padanan Istilah" consisting of 711 equivalents from 629 English terms. This study aims to investigate Indonesians’ comprehension, language preference, including their reason in choosing a particular language regarding computer and/or internet terms. The data were obtained from online questionnaire. The data obtained then were used to investigate Indonesians’ comprehension of the terms as well as their language preference relating to the computer and/or internet terms. The results are then presented descriptively. This research results in: 1) Indonesians have a fairly high understanding related to computer and/or internet equivalent terms; 2) however, Indonesians prefer English to bahasa Indonesia, as many as 91.9% of the respondents; 3) English preference by the respondents is motivated by English terms familiarity, English terms ease to be understood, the lack of appropriateness of the equivalent terms, English shorter terms, and the unavailability of equivalent terms in the computer program they run.

This study aims to explore the role of the actors involved in the procurement’s stage in Y’s Faculty of X’s University. The role of procurement personnel became main part of the show to see whether the procurement of goods and services in the Y’s Faculty that using direct procurement’s method have appropriate with the rules of Presidential Decree 70 of 2012. The Procurement’s stage is divided into the front stage and back stage that can not be separated in the show. Dramaturgy used as a method to analyze the role, coupled with using impression management’s analysis from John and Pittman Taxonomy. This research resulted in the conclusion that the procurement’s procedure has been carried out, although not fully follow the rules, because there are some procurement’s procedure were not met. Formal evidence is documented but not complete sequence and presented. Impression management techniques used by the actor to display the desired self-image, on time and under certain conditions.

Russian abstract: В современной российской экономике реализация национальных задач в соответствии с Указом Президента РФ от 7 мая 2018 г. № 204 часто требует быстрой и точной оценки потенциальных социальных и экономических последствий реализуемых или планируемых к реализации проектов. English abstract: In today's Russian economy, the implementation of national objectives in accordance with Presidential Decree No. 204 of 7 May 2018 often requires a rapid and accurate assessment of the potential social and economic effects of projects being implemented or planned for implementation.

A presidential decree in Brazil authorizing the migration of AM broadcast to FM. To accommodate these stations, the FM band will receive the frequencies of the channels 5 and 6 of analog TV, which became known as “FM extended”. One of the barriers found in migration is the acquisition of equipment by the users, as the current equipment does not have the expected range in FM extended. To mitigate this problem, the implementation of an FM receiver using the Software Defined Radio (SDR) for its flexibility is proposed. The receiver was developed in GNU Radio environment, with a simple programming was possible to create a low-cost receiver and can serve as an alternative to users for receiving the new band.

The paper aims to analyze the first months of the federal intervention in the state of Rio de Janeiro introduced by presidential decree on the 16th of February 2018. The security crisis in the state, which started in 2017 and gained significant media coverage, led to Michel Temer’' decision to put the Armed Forces in charge of public security, for the first time since the country's redemocratization. Deemed controversial since its announcement in February, the measure was further questioned after the assassination of Marielle Franco, city councilor of the Municipal Chamber of Rio de Janeiro known for her fierce opposition to the military intervention. The paper examines whether the dysfunctionality of the Brazilian state in the sphere of public security can be tackled by hardline policies such as the federal intervention and questions the validity of this measure in the given context. It claims that harsh security policies are inefficient in combating violence in Brazil and stresses that the dominating discourse on crime and violence, which contributes to the public opinion's support of counterproductive hardline measures, requires a redefinition. El artículo pretende analizar los primeros meses de la intervención federal en el estado de Río de Janeiro, introducida por el decreto presidencial del 16 de febrero de 2018. La crisis de seguridad en el Estado, que comenzó en 2017 y obtuvo una importante cobertura mediática, llevó a Michel Temer a tomar la decisión de poner a las Fuerzas Armadas a cargo de la seguridad pública, por primera vez desde la redemocratización del país. Considerada controvertida desde su anuncio en febrero, la medida fue cuestionada luego del asesinato de Marielle Franco, concejala de la Cámara Municipal de Río de Janeiro, conocida por su feroz oposición a la intervención militar. El documento examina si la disfuncionalidad del Estado brasileño en el ámbito de la seguridad pública puede ser abordada por políticas de línea dura como la intervención federal y cuestiona la validez de esta medida en el contexto dado. Afirma que las duras políticas de seguridad son ineficaces para combatir la violencia en Brasil y destaca que el discurso dominante sobre el crimen y la violencia, que contribuye al apoyo de la opinión pública a las medidas contraproducentes de línea dura, requiere una redefinición.

The large number of higher education in Indonesia, forced higher education especially universty to improve its competitiveness to maintain its students as consumers. One of the history of education in Indonesia is the issuance of Presidential Decree of the Republic of Indonesia Number 93 year 1999 which teacher institute (IKIP) wider mandate to University which called as LPTK university. The born of LPTK University make the number of competition between universities were increased. However, LPTK universities are perceived lose on competition with universities instead of former IKIP. To maintain from competition LPTK university is required to improve their image. This literature study focuses on how e-marketing factor utilization through the use of university website is expected to support LPTK university image. In addition, the information system developed by LPTK universities should be able to build convenience for their respective students. It is assumed through a good information system the image of the university also awakened. In turn e-marketing strategy and building a good information system will help improve the university brand image and inspire the interest of students to choose and continue their study at LPTK universities in Indonesia.

Indonesian Qualification Framework (IQF) is a description of qualification levels for all Indonesian learning outcomes or certificate statements in Indonesian schooling from year 9 to higher education. The IQF holds a legal endorsement in the form of Presidential Decree no. 8/2012. This IQF will specify equivalencies between Indonesian and foreign qualifications, thus improving Indonesia’s international competitiveness and making the country more open to global trade. As a consequence, the structures of curriculum in all Indonesian educations should base on this document. Defined as the expanding circle countries in Kachru’s concentric circles, Indonesia needs English language teacher education with appropriate structures of curriculum relevant to the global world and 21st century learning. This article intends to describe the IQF, the 21st Century learning, and the upcoming structure of the EL Teacher education Curriculum in Indonesia. More specifically, this article aims at analyzing: 1) how Indonesian Teachers should develop their curriculum according to the IQF descriptors; 2) how macro-social factors in SLA such as global and national status of L2, boundaries and identities, or institutional forces and constraints should be considered in the development of the curriculum structures of English language teacher education; and 3) how the 21st century trends should be blended in the curriculum.

Based on Presidential Decree no. 98 Year 2015 and its amendments, PT Adhi Karya (Persero) Tbk. was assigned to build the Jabodebek LRT which includes: lanes (including elevated construction), stations, and operating facilities. The purposes of this study are to understand the analysis of project’s funding evaluation, to find the best funding scheme which options consist of Availibility Payment, Deferred Payment and Corporate Financing through Government Capital Injection (PMN) and to understand the impact of these funding schemes toward ADHI’s performance. Based on the analysis of existing data, it can be concluded by using Availability Payment and Deferred Payment schemes there will be significant increases in debt interest compared to Corporate Financing through PMN. Therefore, the best financing alternative is Corporate Finance through PMN.

This study discusses the urgency of setting up the circulation of alcoholic beverages in DIY formulated in the following three research problems: first, what is the urgency of Yogyakarta Province government in regulating the circulation of alcoholic drinks? Second, what is the basic principles underlying Yogyakarta Province authority to regulate the circulation of alcoholic beverages and what is the best form of legal products to regulate the circulation of alcoholic beverages in the province? Third, what are the materials of the regulations on the distribution of alcoholic beverages in Yogyakarta Province? This research is a normative juridical which uses primary law, secondary law, and tertiary legal materials. The results showed that first, urgency settings of alcoholic beverages is intended as prevention (preventive), risk reduction (preparedness), responsiveness (response), as well as recovery efforts (recovery) from drinking alcoholic beverages. Secondly, the basis of the authority of Yogyakarta Province Government for the Distribution of Alcoholic Beverages regulation is rooted in Law 32 of 2004 and Presidential Decree No. 74 Year 2014. Third, the main points of the materials contain (i) the type and classification of alcoholic beverages; (ii) a ban on the production, distribution, sale and storage of alcoholic beverages; (iii) licensing; (iv) community participation.

Permanent establishment is an expansion of foreign corporations which cannot perform any legal act in Indonesia. For that reason, it cannot be created into a corporation. Foreign corporations providing online application or internet-based content perform virtually their activities of their operation in Indonesia. The legalisation of permanent establishment created by foreign corporations is ruled in ministerial circular letter of the Ministry of Information and Communication no. 3 of 2016. One of the matters ruled in Presidential Decree no. 44 of 2016 is business field of information and communication. It is categorised into business field with certain requirements. Eventually, the regulation allows them to invest and form a corporation in Indonesia. Additionally, this regulation is created in order to keep everything in order and benefit from foreign corporations' investments in Indonesia. The method used in this study is normative method with three approaches: statute approach, case study approach, and conceptual approach. The result of this study shows that business field providing online application or internet-based content mentioned in ministerial circular letter of the Ministry of Information and Communication no. 3 of 2016 can be categorised into information and communication technology sector as also mentioned in Presidential Decree no. 44 of 2016 which regulates lists of open business field and closed business field with certain requirements. According to the regulation, permanent establishment formed by foreign corporations in Indonesia must be in the form of limited liability company.

O Contrato Organizativo de Ação Pública na Saúde foi instituído pelo Decreto Presidencial nº 7.508/2011 com o propósito de servir como um contrato entre entes políticos no âmbito de uma Região de Saúde. Ele se propõe a definir as responsabilidades de cada ente assumidas pelos respectivos chefes de executivo e secretários de saúde, além do Ministério da Saúde. Entretanto, suas características estão ora mais próximas de um convênio ou consórcio, ora mais próximas de um contrato. A força e a necessidade desse novo instrumento são discutidas, tendo em vista a existência de outros instrumentos já previstos para a regionalização cooperativa. Para o presente estudo foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema e uma análise da legislação relacionada e confecção de uma minuta de contrato proposta para as regiões de saúde.

Zakat is a number of assets that must be issued by Muslims to be given to groups who have the right to receive, such as the poor and the like, according to those stipulated by sharia. The law of zakat is obligatory for every Muslim who has fulfilled certain conditions. The National Zakat Amil Agency (BAZNAS) is the official body and the only one formed by the government based on RI Presidential Decree No. 8 of 2001 which has duties and functions to collect and distribute zakat, infaq, and alms. The purpose of making this research is to build an android application for GIS zakat assistance map (BAZNAS) in probolinggo district. This study uses data collection methods used in this study through observation, which is collecting data obtained from existing documents or stored records, both in the form of transcript notes, books, newspapers, plunging directly to the location to take pictures, and so on. Output targets of this study are in the form of an application for collecting data on zakat assistance from an Android-based Baznas office and will be published in non-accredited national journals. The application can be used by someone who wants to send donations via Smartphone easily. As well as the results of this application, it can map the locations of recipients of Zakat and Donors according to the coordinates of points of different colors. With the application, it can help channeling Zakat in Probolinggo district. Keywords: Zakat, Baznas, Android, GIS

One example of the problems in the state's claim is BLBI extended by Bank Indonesia to the national banking system, which has become the state's claim, but not resolved through PUPN, but further right to claim the government handed over to IBRA established by Presidential Decree No. 27 of 1998 . Since handed over to the government the right to collect BI, BI ended authority to withdraw BLBI of the receiving bank, resolved through non-litigation and mechanisms and the solution was not to use repressive laws. Receivables BLBI state is a case of default the unusually large number (extraordinary default), but penyelesaianya by IBRA implemented with the exclusion of the legal principles of the settlement of accounts receivable against the debtor country BLBI receiver, so in this case the journey is also a cost for settling disputes outstanding a big. This paper would like to see how the practice of politicizing the constitution that happens particularly with respect to issues of State receivables.AbstrakSalah satu contoh kasus persoalan dalam piutang negara adalah kasus BLBI yang disalurkan oleh Bank Indonesia kepada perbankan nasional, yang sudah menjadi piutang negara, namun tidak diselesaikan melalui PUPN, akan tetapi selanjutnya hak tagih tersebut diserahkan pemerintah kepada BPPN yang dibentuk berdasarkan Keppres Nomor 27 Tahun 1998. Sejak diserahkan hak tagih BI kepada pemerintah, berakhirlah wewenang BI untuk menarik kembali BLBI dari bank penerima, diselesaikan melalui jalur dan mekanisme non-litigasidan penyelesaiannya pun tidak menggunakan hukum represif. Piutang negara BLBI adalah kasus gagal bayar yang jumlahnya luar biasa besar (extraordinary default), akan tetapi penyelesaianya oleh BPPN dilaksanakan dengan mengesampingkan prinsip-prinsip hukum penyelesaian piutang negara terhadap debitur penerima BLBI, sehingga dalam perjalanannya kasus ini juga menelan biaya penyelesaian perkara yang luar biasa besar. Tulisan ini ingin melihat bagaimana praktek politisasi konstitusi itu terjadi khususnya terkait dengan masalah piutang Negara.

In 1999, a small group of genomic entrepreneurs and local politicians started mobilizing the idea of founding a national genomics institute in Mexico. Approximately four years later, and after 18 months of congressional debate, the Mexican National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN) was established by presidential decree. As scholars, we are interested in how the call for a high-tech, high-cost genomics institute was able to gain political traction in a country, where many people struggle to secure access to even the most basic level of health care. Those behind the establishment of the INMEGEN used what we call technologies of bioprophecy to present it as a modernizing institution that would move the nation into the “new world order” by bringing not only biological and economic health, but also scientific prestige to Mexico.

The purpose of this research was to analyze the implementation of the principle of the public procurement towards of the basic tasks and authority of Pejabat Pembuat Komitmen (PPK), PPK suitability educational qualifications and experience according to Presidential Decree No. 54 of 2010, as well as the PPK duty of public procurement that only an additional task in the middle of the duties and responsibilities in their SKPD. Informants in this study is the PPK in Talaud Islands Regency. Data were collected from interviews with informants and analyzed by qualitative approach. The results of this study indicate that the PPK in the Talaud Islands Regency are not yet fully implementing the principles of public procurement to perform basic tasks and authorities, the principles of procurement that can not be implemented properly is the principle of effective, due to the frequency found a discrepancy technical specifications result of procurement planning in construction work. Non-compliance with the technical specifications of procurement planning results caused by negligence of the provider and PPK is less thorough in explaining the details of the job. Appointment PPK in the Talaud Islands Regency in accordance with the qualifications required in the public procurement, as well as the PPK can perform basic tasks and additional tasks well. Keywords : PPK, Principle Of Public Procurement, educational and experience qualifications, additional tasks.

The organization and position of FSO was systematically established under the Presidential Decree No. 1013 on 7 August 2004. Furthermore, the FSO has established a signal department, an intelligence department and an academy to enhance intelligence an training capabilities. The FSO has been striving to unveil itself from a clandestine agency into a pivotal organization through the use of media and its website. It is in part that FSO has tried to deepen the understanding between PSS through personnel exchange in 2004~2005 Therefore, this study will examine the history, organization and legal position focusing on the related laws of FSO, an organization trying to adjust to the global change, and study whether this model may be applied for the development of public security in Korea.

In Lapindo mudflow disaster, the process of sale and purchase mechanism of sinking assets is legitimated by Presidential Decree 14/2007 (Perpres 14/2007), claimed by Lapindo as their social responsibility. In the discussion over the causes of the disaster, this scheme also raises controversy. If it was caused by an earthquake, why the company is willing to spend money to buy survivors’ assetas as form of social responsibility? On the other hand, the mechanism made conflict among the survivors. I used qualitative method; using indepth interview, observation, and literature study. I chose some informants from different side to get various perspective, such as Lapindo and survivors, in order to get the corporate social responsibility narratively and its critics. Using the concept of governmentality of Foucault, I reveal the process of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the ecological crisis in Sidoarjo is only a way to cover the mistakes that have been made, not to recover the survivors’ social and ecological conditions. The mechanism above implied to mudflow disaster management.

The objective of this research is to characterize the existing conservation units in the Central-West region of Brazil, considering some aspects of the Presidential Decree No. 4.340/2002, which provides the necessary guidelines for the creation of conservation units. The choice of this region is due to its diversity of biomes. The deductive method was used for the elaboration of the research, starting with information about the country and sequentially about the chosen region. Even though there is a national registry of conservation units, there is a lack of information on these areas, because it is not filled in completely.

Administrative Control Over Public Transactions Is The Bulwark That Would Ensure The Reasonable Management Of Public Funds And Reduce The Various Forms Of Corruption That May Exist In This Field As It Is Ready For Such Thing. Public Transactions Play An Important Role In Advancing The Pace Of Development, So These Processes Usually Contain Important Financial Envelopes, That's Why The Legislator Put Them Under Different Controlling Frameworks In Order To Ensure Effectiveness In Dealing With Public Transactions, Whether In The Case Of Internal Control Exercised By The Contracting Interest Or Those Exercised By Public Transaction Committees, Which Have Faced A Number Of Changes, In Addition To The Controlling Frameworks Introduced By The Legislator, Enacted By Presidential Decree N ° 15/247, Which We Have Highlighted Through This Study. Keywords - Beforehand Control, Public Transactions, Public Transaction Committees, Visa(Control), Corruption

Russian Abstract: В целях реализации Указа Президента Российской Федерации «О мероприятиях по реализации государственной социальной политики» от 7 мая 2012 г. № 597 (подпункт «к» пункта 1) и Перечня поручений Президента Российской Федерации по реализации Послания Президента Российской Федерации Федеральному Собранию Российской Федерации от 12 декабря 2012 г. (от 22 декабря 2012 г. № Пр-3410, пункт 5) Минтрудом России совместно с заинтересованными федеральными органами исполнительной власти с участием общественных организаций разработаны механизмы формирования независимой системы оценки качества работы организаций, оказывающих социальные услуги. Основой независимой системы оценки является общественное мнение, которое формируется на основе обобщения и анализа мнения граждан, получивших услуги, оценок общественных организаций, профессиональных сообществ, экспертов.В этих условиях, начатые структурные преобразования видов и объемов медицинской помощи, преследующие цель повышение медико-экономической эффективности всех субъектов управления в отрасли, требует научно-методического обоснования с позиций дополнительного учета показателей качества обслуживания.English Abstract: In order to implement the Presidential Decree "On measures for the implementation of the state social policy" on May 7, 2012 № 597 (subparagraph "k" of paragraph 1) and the List of orders of the President of the Russian Federation to implement the President's Address to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of 12 December 2012 (from 22 December 2012 № Pr-3410, paragraph 5) Russian Ministry of Labor, together with interested federal executive bodies with the participation of non-governmental organizations developed mechanisms for the formation of an independent system for evaluating the performance of organizations providing social services. The basis of an independent assessment is public opinion, which is based on the synthesis and analysis of the views of citizens who have received services, assessments of public organizations, professional associations and experts. Under these conditions, structural reforms initiated the types and volumes of health care, aim to improve health and economic benefits of all actors in the management of the industry, requires scientific and methodological basis in terms of additional accounting service quality indicators.

Italy, first in Europe, introduced mandatory validation in building public works: the first years experienced some issues leading to a general updating of the national legislation, differentiating the project verification from the project validation. The former is a formal stage of the construction process committed to the Public Authority (through the Overall Procedure manager), the latter can usefully be performed by an external authority and involves systematic project examination and contractual documentation monitoring. The research critically approaches the modifications in the last decades on public work legislation, from the aged Merloni Act to the current Presidential Decree no. 207/2010. The paper focuses on the improvements on public building in design stage because of the mandatory validation. It also describes how some weak points have been solved and those that are still present in the Italian legislation. Particular attention is given to construction works below a certain threshold of amount.

This paper examines organizational features and problems experienced by the agricultural enterprises created (reorganized) during the farm reform mandated by Ukrainian Presidential Decree 1529 of December 3, 1999, as well as trends in land and non-land asset leasing. The research is based on analysis of summary statistics for the reform collected in early May 2000, as well as an exploratory survey of 16 farm enterprises in Kyiv, Sumy, and Chemihiv oblasts. Some tentative conclusions are drawn regarding the extent to which farm reorganization has fostered fundamental vis-a-vis largely formal changes, as well as its impact on the power of farm directors. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: D20, Q15, R14.1 table, 3 figures, 7 references.

The Cuban Red Cross, which was founded on 10 March 1909, was recognized by Presidential Decree No. 401 of the same year as an “aid society auxiliary to the public authorities”. For more than half a century its activities remained rather modest, focusing on health care for the most needy groups in Cuban society, for example by setting up dispensaries and offering medical and dental services at no charge or for a nominal fee.

Presidential Decree No. 28/2008 on National Industrial Policy entrust each province/district developing their regional industrial core competency. However, there‘s no a standard guidelines on how to determine it except the characteristics of the regional core competency. This article tries to explain a model of determining regional industrial core competency using quantitative as well as qualitative approach. Stakeholders met in focus group discussions (qualitative approach) and gave their valuation on grade of competency of some regional industrial products using scoring method (quantitative approach). The result are (1) regional industrial core competence of Bangkalan district are Terung chips, Agel cord, traditional whip, batik, plait a mat and bird cage; and (2) Bangkalan industrial core competence is more characterized by resource based industries than market based industries

Presidential decree and federal legislation have resulted in substantial employee drug testing at all levels of government as well as among private sector contractors. Joining the War on Drugs, many other employers have taken up the practice voluntarily. However we may feel about the arguments for and against testing – whether on the basis of public safety, integrity, access to sensitive information, etc. -- the fact remains that drug testing policies are non-uniform and unevenly applied, and the common testing technologies are unreliable. If we believe as a society that drug testing serves a legitimate public function consistent with our cultural and legal values, then uniform standards and procedures must be developed. If not, we should give greater consideration to alternative measures, such as employee education and assistance.

The Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) Program was established by the United States to assist the Former Soviet Union in the safe and secure transportation, storage and eventual reduction or complete elimination of nuclear, and other weapons of mass destruction. With respect to chemical weapons (CW), the objective of the CTR Program is to assist the Russian Federation in the safe, secure, timely, cost effective and environmentally sound destruction of its chemical weapons stockpile, specifically in the area of nerve agent destruction. Initial efforts of the CTR CW destruction support program have focused on working with the Russian Federation to jointly develop plans and conduct technology evaluations, while at the same time constantly looking for areas of cooperation that could accelerate the start of destruction activities. With a funding level now established at $68 million, the CW destruction support program currently is focused on the establishment of a Central CW Destruction Analytical Laboratory and the design of the first destruction facility for nerve agent-filled artillery munitions, at Shchuch’ye. The technical and political complexities associated with CW destruction, as well as the annual financial resource allocations, will continue to challenge both countries in these cooperative efforts.

Latin America’s two leading nations have achieved dramatic progress towards complete non-proliferation status. Argentina and Brazil have developed a significant bilateral nuclear inspection agreement, moved towards full entry into force of the Treaty of Tlatelolco, and introduced far-reaching exports controls in the areas of nuclear energy and ballistic missiles.

Moscow—In mid-July, just as Russia9s parliament was winding down for its summer recess, politicians provided a double bonus for the country9s scientists: The parliament finally passed the long-awaited federal science law that will guarantee scientists freedom of access to unclassified information and freedom to publish and apply for grants without having to gain permission from their bosses. At virtually the same time, the science ministry presented its Doctrine for the Development of Russian Science, an outline for the management of research, that was adopted by special presidential decree after an 18-month delay. Scientists and government officials consider both documents to be milestones.

The economic impacts of a growth center and its surrounding rural areas are examined in this paper. Three types of economic impacts are identified, namely, direct, indirect and induced impacts. These impacts are evaluated by an income generation model using multiplier analysis. Mariveles, in Bataan province, Philippines, which used to be a farming and fishing community, has just been made an export processing zone of Bataan (BEPZ) by Presidential Decree No. 66, is chosen as the growth center. Nine villages (barrios) around it have been selected as surrounding rural areas. In an effort to test the general hypothesis that favorable effects brought by the creation of propulsive industries in a given area tend to spread unevenly within the growth space, being greater in the zones nearer the center than further away from it, the nine villages are classified into three zones. Each is separated at a time-distance of 15 minutes from three barrios in Zone A, 30 minutes for three barrios in Zone B and 45 minutes for three barrios in Zone C. The results show that some unfavorable effects rather than favorable effects have been identified in the surrounding rural areas. This finding substantiates the initial hypothesis regarding the predominance of backwash to spread in the peripheries of the growth center.

All interest accruing from lending transactions stipulated by Italian enterprises with foreign controlling companies, fall within the rules governing the transfer price referred to in articles 53 and 56 of the Presidential Decree n. 597 of 29 September, 1973.

En Brasil, la enseñanza de argumentación en la educación primaria y secundaria es entendida como la enseñanza de ensayo argumentativo, pues tal práctica fue institucionalizada por un Decreto presidencial que determinó la exigencia de un ensayo en lengua portuguesa en los exámenes de ingreso a la educación superior. Discuto las condiciones que favorezcan a la escuela a enseñar a sus educandos a argumentar, a tomar la palabra en la esfera pública para presentar, justificar, sostener, rechazar y (re)evaluar argumentos en situaciones de conflicto de perspectivas sobre una cuestión argumentativa. Presento una propuesta de enseñanza de la argumentación en situación concreta de interacción con orientaciones para desarrollar las capacidades y competencias argumentativas en el marco de la educación emancipatoria del ser humano, con el fines de superar el modelo de capacitación para redacción de ensayo argumentativo, una práctica de legitimación del régimen de exclusión en el sistema educativo brasileño.