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In 2018, the U.S. National Park Service announced a controversial plan to translocate 20−30 gray wolves (Canis lupus) to Isle Royale National Park to increase genetic diversity and ultimately the dwindling wolf population. Media were restricted physical access during the translocations, citing safety concerns for the wolves and management team, as well as logistical challenges because of the remoteness of the park. Given these restrictions, we used interviews and quantitative analyses of news stories and press releases to examine what communication strategies the National Park Service and its partners deployed and how access restriction affected the way news outlets covered the events. By identifying source diversity groups, we found U.S. government sources were predominately featured with few other source types included, and that coverage heavily relied on press release information. We discuss the implications of this communication strategy and potential consequences for access restrictions when covering divisive events in remote locations.

BPS-Statistics of Aceh Province routinely carries out inflation press releases. The process of preparing the press release requires a lot of time. Besides, the inflation data published in this press release was referred to by various parties such as researchers, agencies, and the mass media. Thus, the quality of the data presented must be maintained. This study is aimed at finding a more effective and efficient press release preparation process while maintaining the quality of the inflation data presented. The method used is the Business Process Improvement (BPI) regarding the 12 streamlining tools until the proposed business process is found. Furthermore, a simulation is carried out between the initial business processes and the proposed business processes that are found. This simulation proves that the proposed business process can significantly reduce press release preparation time by up to 74%. The number of business process activities decreases from 14 activities to 9 activities. On the other hand, choosing one of the streamlining tools, namely automation, is expected to be able to maintain the quality of the inflation data presented. Through this study, researchers also found that the BPI method was proven to be able to recommend a more effective and efficient business process for press release preparation

This research aims to examine whether analysts’ coverage could possibly serve as a monitoring mechanism that would help improve the credibility of narrative reporting namely, earnings press release, by reducing the presence of impression management practices. Furthermore, this research aims to examine whether investors can see through managers' strategic disclosure choices in earning press release and penalize firms for this opportunistic behavior. Impression management practices are to be captured using Huang et al.,(2014) measure of abnormal positive tone (ABTONE) from the residuals of a tone model that controls for firm quantitative fundamentals including financial performance, growth prospects, and firm operating risk and complexity. Consistent with the monitoring effect hypotheses, the results have shown that analysts' coverage has a significant negative impact on impression management as captured by the ABTONE measure. Besides, the results have shown that ABTONE has a significant positive impact on firms’ quarterly stock prices.

Although statistical literacy has become a key competence in today’s data-driven society, it is usually not a part of statistics education. To address this issue, we propose an innovative concept for a conference-like seminar on the topic of statistical literacy. This seminar draws attention to the relevance and importance of statistical literacy, and moreover, students are made aware of the process of science communication and are introduced to the peer review process for the assessment of scientific papers. In the summer term 2020, the seminar was conducted as a joint project by the University of Hamburg, the University of Muenster, and the Joachim Herz Foundation. In this article, we present the concept of the seminar and our experience with this concept in the summer term 2020.

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved aducanumab on June 7, 2021, using an accelerated approval mechanism, based on evidence that aducanumab reduced brain β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide.1 The FDA press release stated that the effect on the surrogate end point “is reasonably likely to predict a clinical benefit to patients…” at some point in the future. As clinical neurologists, we should understand the evidence for this approval and whether this justifies prescribing this medication.

Regulation Fair Disclosure (Reg FD) Form 8-K filings provide a venue where managers release information to the market as a whole that they designate as being material. Using this setting, we study trading patterns immediately prior to the public disclosure of material information. We offer three main results. First, using both intra-day and daily trading data, we find abnormal trading volume of 21 percent (13 percent) in the hour (day) prior to the public disclosure, respectively. Second, we find that this pre-disclosure abnormal trading volume is concentrated in firms that are smaller, have more growth opportunities, issue fewer voluntary disclosures, and have weaker external monitoring. Finally, we find that this pre-disclosure volume is concentrated in subsamples in which the information relates to a firm’s material contracts, a firm holds investor/analyst conferences, and there is insider trading activity in a firm’s shares. Our results do not concentrate in a small number of firms or industries, and do not appear to be explained by the form through which managers first release the material information (e.g., Form 8-K, press release, website posting, or social media). Our results are also robust to controlling for the firm’s other filings and peer filings that occur around the disclosure. Overall, the trading patterns we document may show that, inconsistent with the spirit of Reg FD, a subset of investors trade on information managers deem material prior to its broad, public release.

Zoombombing, a trend in recent months, has quickly moved from online classroom pranks to organised disruption efforts, which the FBI has threatened to punish with jail time. “The FBI has received multiple reports of conferences being disrupted by pornographic and/or hate images and threatening language.” the agency stated in a recent press release. 1 Zoombombing has quickly moved from online prank to organised disruption effort, which the FBI has threatened to punish with jail time. As the use of Zoom has increased dramatically due to the Covid-19 pandemic, multiple security issues have emerged concerning the platform. The company is taking steps to bring the platform up to date with industry standards. But the issue clearly shows that certain companies focus more on the functionality they provide to their users than they do on the appropriate security, says Ion-Alexandru Secara.

Publicizing firms’ socially undesirable actions may enhance firms’ incentives to avoid such actions. In 2009, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) began issuing press releases about facilities that violated safety and health regulations. Using quasi-random variation arising from a cutoff rule OSHA followed, I find that publicizing a facility’s violations led other facilities to substantially improve their compliance and experience fewer occupational injuries. OSHA would need to conduct 210 additional inspections to achieve the same improvement in compliance as achieved with a single press release. Evidence suggests that employers improve compliance to avoid costly responses from workers. (JEL J28, J81, K32, L51, M54)

Accelerated share repurchases (ASRs) have gained popularity in recent years. At the inception of an ASR, a firm receives most of the shares that would be repurchased at the current stock price. At ...

First paragraph: Our food system has been disrupted. Shopping at a grocery store during the COVID-19 pan­demic is not a pleasant experience, and, for some of the most vulnerable, it can be outright dangerous. It may become worse. How long will supply chain disruptions continue and what are upcoming challenges? From illness in the fields where agricultural workers pick our food and the closing of food processing facilities to the threat that trucking lanes may be shut down, the possibilities seem real right now. . . . See the press release for this article.

The study aims to analyze the public relations work suitability of PT Medco E&P Malaka related to community empowerment and social responsibility on Education and Training of 40 Acehnese Children in PPSDM-Cepu. International Standard Ambulance given for Pidie Jaya and the support from Medco E&P Malaka in the event Sail Sabang 2018 conducted by the company and press-released by Serambi Indonesia online in 2018. A qualitative approach with a case study method was employed in this study. The results showed that the point of view of journalists/media is dissimilar from the point of view of a company in writing a text. When media tend to publish articles based on a press release distributed by a company, then the company’s image and reputation will be affected and become positive.

Cooperative Extension programs across the United States are embracing food systems and local food as a new topic area. Previous studies indicate that successful local food programming requires cross-program collaboration. However, research in this area has underrepresented Extension educators from non-agricultural program areas, although understanding their perspectives is key to fostering cross-program collaboration. The case study pre­sented in this paper examines qualitative evaluation data from the pilot year of the NC State Extension Master Food Volunteer (EMFV) program, which provides training in food systems and local food to Family and Consumer Sciences (FCS) educators and their volunteers. Data from semistructured interviews with educators in the pilot program and from focus groups with their volunteers provide the opportunity to explore areas of intersection and divergence between local food and the FCS pro­gram area in order to determine how to best inte­grate FCS and local food. Findings suggest that integrating local food into FCS pro­gramming will require special attention to poten­tially controversial issues that require educators and volunteers to communicate with the public about scientific issues that also invoke personal values, such as pesticide use and genetic engineering. We also found that educators and volunteers felt that promoting local food was not always compatible with an FCS focus on healthy eating. Overall, this case study demon­strates the potential to engage FCS educators and volunteers in cross-program, community-based food system projects, and to provide public educa­tion in the growing field of food systems and local food. See the press release for this article.

Pfizer’s oral antiviral drug paxlovid significantly reduces hospital admissions and deaths among people with covid-19 who are at high risk of severe illness, when compared with placebo, the company has reported. The interim analysis of the phase II-III data, outlined in a press release, included 1219 adults who were enrolled by 29 September 2021. It found that, among participants who received treatments within three days of covid-19 symptoms starting, the risk of covid related hospital admission or death from any cause was 89% lower in the paxlovid group than the placebo group. The UK government has purchased 250 000 courses …

Valneva’s covid-19 vaccine produces significantly higher concentrations of neutralising antibodies than the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine does, preliminary trial results show. The phase III trial included just over 4000 adult volunteers across 26 sites in the UK, of whom 1040 under 30s and 1977 over 30s received Valneva’s vaccine and 995 over 30s were given AstraZeneca’s. In a press release Valneva reported that the trial met its primary endpoints, with the vaccine showing superiority over the AstraZeneca vaccine in terms of neutralising antibody concentrations and was non-inferior in terms of seroconversion rates (above 95% in both groups), two weeks after the second dose in the over 30s.1 Valneva is a French company that specialises in vaccine development, with …

Food system researchers and practitioners have used the U.S. Census of Agriculture historically as a bellwether to measure changes in the direct-marketing sector. The U.S. Department of Agricul­ture has made considerable improvements in meas­uring this sector in recent years, which formed the basis for the phrasing of the 2017 Census of Agri­culture direct-marketing questions. While the new ques­tions make it challenging to infer direct-marketing trends between 2012 and 2017, the 2017 Census of Agriculture data nonetheless reveals a considerable decline in the number of farms selling directly to consumers and wholesalers in the U.S. We discuss possible explanations for this decline and implica­tions for the direct-marketing sector See the press release for this article.

First paragraph: Communities across North America are respond­ing to environmental, economic, and social chal­lenges in our food and agricultural systems by cre­ating and nurturing “place-based food systems.” Some distinguishing features of place-based, regional food systems are that: They are deeply connected to the environ­ment and to caring for it in a particular place; There are relationships of trust within supply chains from farmers and ranchers to processors to distributors to retailers or other institutions to consumers; Community food security and food sover­eignty are important goals and rights; The health of individuals and communities is paramount; There are infrastructures in place to support healthy place-based food systems; and All members of the food system have an opportunity to participate meaningfully in its development. See the press release for this article.

The relevance of the work is determined by the interest in the study of discursive practices by corpus linguistics methods. The subject of the analysis is the axiological dominants of a genre that are objectified by key words, extracted from the corpus by statistical methods. The authors aim to show the specificity of the value dominants of the Russian-language genre of press release based on the use of the keyword method of the corpus methodology and an algorithm developed using the programming language Python, based on the measure tf-idf, which allows to objectively identify lexical and semantic dominants that represent value meanings. The study was conducted on the material of a representative specialized corpus, that combine texts of press releases posted on the official websites of major Russian companies between 2017 and 2019. Based on the analysis of lexical choices, it is established that the texts of press releases of the companies are addressed to professional investors, as well as to a wide discursive community. It is shown that the discursive practices of energy sector companies emphasize the prospects of development, care for the environment, the importance of their activities for society in general. Companies in the manufacturing sector emphasize the achievements and highlight quality and domestic origin of products. Retail network companies are focused on utilitarian values of choice, convenience and economy.

Through analyzing on the number of media reports and main keywords about the unpopular sports events out of the Olympic formal games before and after the Olympic Games and identifying the causes of those unpopular games, this study aims to present the basic information for preparation of the measures on how to provide the national support to the unpopular sports games and to spread people’s awareness about those unpopular sports. In order to accomplish this goal, we analyzed the curling games which were not popular among the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games but have gained much awareness through the Olympic Games. The media reports were collected from Naver, Daum and Google(Facebook), through Textom and Bigkinds of the news information service sites, and analyzed them using R-program. We set PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games were established for the search period of curling games. As a result of the media analysis, 1855 articles from Bigkinds, 960 from Naver and 128 articles from Google were collected for curling before the Olympic Games(between Feb. 01, 2017 and Jan. 31, 2018), while 4088 from Bigkinds, 1000 from Naver and 167 articles from Google for curling were upgathered during the Olympic Games(from Feb. 01, 2018 to March 31, 2018). There has been steady competition and media coverage in case of popular games, and for the unpopular games, their popularity comes to rapidly increase by the help of various interest-inducing factors such as Olympic games or events.

Key Points Question How often do persons with new febrile illness access coronavirus testing and receive a test result within 7 days of illness onset? Findings In this cohort study, generally low rates of coronavirus testing were observed in 2679 participants reporting new onset of febrile illness. Although testing rates improved somewhat during the study period, timely coronavirus test results were sought and received by only 25.9% of newly febrile persons at the end of the study analysis period in late October 2020. Meaning Our results suggest systematic underuse of coronavirus testing in patients with febrile illness that may contribute to community transmission., This cohort study examines rates of testing for SARS-CoV-2 and receipt of test results within 7 days of febrile illness onset using data from smartphone-based weekly surveys administered as part of the COVID-19 Citizen Science Study., Importance Active SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus) transmission continues in the US. It is unclear whether better access to coronavirus testing and more consistent use of testing could substantially reduce transmission. Objective To describe coronavirus testing in persons with new onset of febrile illness and analyze whether there are changes over time and differences by race and ethnicity. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used data from the COVID-19 Citizen Science Study, launched in March 2020, which recruited participants via press release, word-of-mouth, and partner organizations. Participants completed daily surveys about COVID-19 symptoms and weekly surveys about coronavirus testing. All adults (aged at least 18 years) with a smartphone were eligible to join. For this analysis, US participants with new onset of febrile illness from April 2020 to October 2020 were included. Data analysis was performed from November 2020 to March 2021. Main Outcomes and Measures Receipt of a coronavirus test result within 7 days of febrile illness onset. Results Of the 2679 participants included in this analysis, the mean (SD) age was 46.3 (13.4) years, 1983 were female (74%), 2017 were college educated (75%), and a total of 3865 distinct new febrile illness episodes were reported (300 episodes [7.8%] from Hispanic participants, 71 episodes [1.8%] from Black participants, and 3494 episodes [90.4%] from not Black, not Hispanic participants) between April 2 and October 23, 2020. In weekly surveys delivered during the 14 days after fever onset, 12% overall (753 participants) indicated receipt of a test result. Using serial survey responses and parametric time-to-event modeling, it was estimated that by 7 days after onset of febrile illness, a total of 20.5% (95% CI, 19.1%-22.0%) had received a test result. This proportion increased from 9.8% (95% CI, 7.5%-12.0%) early in the epidemic to 24.1% (95% CI, 21.5%-26.7%) at the end of July, but testing rates did not substantially improve since then, increasing to 25.9% (95% CI; 21.6%-30.3%) in late October at the start of the winter surge. Black participants reported receiving a test result about half as often as others (7% [7 of 103] of survey responses vs 12% [53 of 461] for Hispanic vs 13% [693 of 5516] for not Black, not Hispanic; P = .03). This association was not statistically significant in adjusted time-to-event models (hazard ratio = 0.59 vs not Black, not Hispanic participants; 95% CI, 0.26-1.34). Conclusions and Relevance Systematic underuse of coronavirus testing was observed in this cohort study through late October 2020, at the beginning of the winter COVID-19 surge, which may have contributed to preventable coronavirus transmission.

The Pfizer-BioNTech covid-19 vaccine has shown 100% efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 in 12 to 15 year olds in the preliminary results of a phase III trial. Pfizer announced the results in a press release, although full details have yet to be published. It said that it would now submit the data to the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency as it requests expanded marketing authorisation. “We plan to submit these data to the FDA as a proposed amendment to our emergency use authorisation in the coming weeks and to other regulators around the world, with the hope of starting …

February 17, 2006: “Die! Press release! Die! Die! Die.” Tom Foremski, an influential journalist in Silicon Valley, had finally had enough of the many press releases sent to him. In his rage he formulated a sharp replica to all editors and senders of press releases. He wrote: “Press releases are nearly useless. (...) They typically start with a tremendous amount of top-spin, they contain pat-on-the-back phrases and meaningless quotes. Often, they will contain quotes from C-level executives praising their customer focus. They often contain praise from analysts, (who are almost always paid or have a customer relationship.) And so on (...). This madness has to end. It is wasted time and effort by hundreds of thousands of professionals” (Foremski 2006).

The urgent need to develop effective therapeutics and disseminate information from clinical studies has led to data from clinical trials being made available by alternate methods prior to peer-reviewed publication, including press releases, social media and pre-print papers. While this allows clinicians more open access to these data, a trust has to be placed with the investigators releasing these data without the availability of scientifically rigorous peer review. The examples of results from trials studying dexamethasone and hydroxychloroquine for treatment of COVID-19 have had contrasting outcomes, including the potential for significant numbers of lives saved with the early release of results from the RECOVERY trial studying dexamethasone contrasting with unsubstantiated data being presented from trials studying hydroxychloroquine. Clinicians and researchers must maintain a healthy scepticism when reviewing results prior to peer-reviewed publication, but also consider when these opportunities may allow for early implementation of potentially lifesaving interventions for people infected with COVID-19.

A massive placebo-controlled trial of Pfizer9s COVID-19 vaccine candidate has found that the vaccine, which uses a potentially revolutionary RNA technology, was more than 90% effective at preventing symptomatic cases of COVID-19. Pfizer and its German partner BioNTech announced the encouraging results of their candidate in a press release this week. Pfizer says it may seek an emergency use authorization for the vaccine from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in a few weeks. However, the vast majority of the public will not have access to this or any other COVID-19 vaccine for several months. And nothing is known about how long the immunity triggered by the vaccine will last, whether it can prevent severe COVID-19, and even whether it will slow transmission rates if it9s used widely in a population.

A vaccine candidate developed by Pfizer and BioNTech may be more than 90% effective in preventing covid-19 in participants without prior infection, the first interim analysis of the phase III trial shows. The research team evaluated the results after 94 cases of covid-19 had been confirmed. The study began in July and has so far enrolled nearly 44 000 participants, just under 39 000 of whom have received a second dose of the mRNA vaccine candidate (as of 8 November). The team’s announcement said, “The case split between vaccinated individuals and those who received the placebo indicates a vaccine efficacy rate above 90%, at seven days after the second dose. This means that protection is achieved 28 days after the initiation of the vaccination, which consists of a two-dose schedule.” However, the results, which are the first from any phase III trial of a covid-19 vaccine, have been shared only by press release and have not yet been published or …

Electronic journalism is prevailing in the era of internet. To enhance the ability of practical application of knowledge, the problem-based learning approach was applied to the undergraduate course of “News Interview and Editing”, one of the general education courses, for non journalism and communication students at Chaoyang University of Technology. This research aimed to conduct an empirical analysis to examine the learning performance of problem-based learning approach employed to the course as a form of learning factory. The results shows the three great improvements are concrete content including writing form of press release, collecting data before news interview, and evaluating data before news interview. The three least improvements are abstract content including interviewing and verifying content, writing skills in writing news release, and observing interviewees’ response. It is suggested that the evaluation of competence cultivation for a problem-based learning course should pay more attention to those non-concrete dimensions to balance the students’ learning performance.

Knowledge dissemination during COVID19 has been notable for the rise of pre-prints and publication by press release, favoring speed over accuracy. We stress the importance of journals in this landscape and highlight the value of editorial judgment and peer review.

Background Junior doctors are often at the forefront of prescribing for acute inpatients. It is imperative that they are equipped with the knowledge and confidence to prescribe appropriately for patients at the end of their life. We felt that there was reduced awareness of the need for individualised prescribing for patients with relatively common chronic diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and epilepsy. Recognising that prescribing end of life medications for patients with such diseases can differ, we looked to improve symptom management by focussing on improving end of life prescribing. Methods A pre-intervention questionnaire was used to assess subjective confidence levels in prescribing anticipatory medications, syringe drivers, and individualised prescribing for patients with Parkinson’s disease, end-stage renal disease, epilepsy, end-stage heart failure, and diabetes mellitus. Based on these findings a prescribing handbook was produced, incorporating consultant advice from relevant specialities. Teaching sessions were carried out using case-based discussions alongside the handbook content. A local press release facilitated dissemination of the handbook. A post-intervention questionnaire was then distributed to reassess prescribers’ confidence levels. Results Twenty-five allied health professionals (mainly foundation doctors) completed the questionnaires. The pre-intervention questionnaire found that the majority were confident in prescribing anticipatory medication but were significantly less confident in prescribing syringe drivers and in individualised prescribing. Following formal education and release of the prescribing handbook, higher confidence levels were reported throughout all themes of the questionnaire. Conclusions This quality improvement project has significantly increased prescribers’ confidence levels in end of life prescribing. It has also increased awareness of the need for alternative approaches to prescribing for certain individuals and diseases at the end of life. It was stressed that the handbook is to be used as a guide and should not replace the need to escalate concerns to the relevant specialities and the in-house palliative care team.

This study measures the effect of financial reporting on the prices and volumes traded of banks’ outstanding stocks around the disclosure of interim financial information, which is a critical issue in a bank strategy, its management and corporate governance as a whole. We investigate whether earning press releases are relevant for driving investor decisions by using a multi-model event study on a sample of 674 press releases disclosed during the period 2010–2017 from the 28 Global Systemically Important Banks (G-SIBs). Our results show a negative statistically significant impact on stock prices and trading volumes in the very next days following the publication date of a press release. This calls for a reflection on the need to regulate earnings press release contents and propose a standardized framework of disclosure. The study extends a multi-dimensional insight for various stakeholders and contributes to the ongoing debate of financial disclosure in banking institutions.

Background: Faced with the global challenge of the AIDS epidemic, the United Nations has set a "90-90-90" target to stop the epidemic by 2030. To do this, three objectives will have to be achieved: to have detected 90% of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) by 2020, to have put 90% of them on treatment and to have 90% of PHAs on treatment who have an undetectable viral load. Achieving the target of 90% of PLHIV detected requires rethinking and diversifying the existing screening offer, especially since screening is the entry point into the health care system and can be one of the main obstacles to achieving the objectives set.Purpose: To identify the contexts in which projects on salivary HIV self-testing have been developed among sex workers (TS) and men who have sex with men (MSM).Results: A review was conducted from several PUBMED databases, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, JSTOR RECHERCHE4LIFE (HINARI),COCHRANE, Institutional Sites and International Organizations (WHO, COQCANADA, MINISTERES, UNAIDS) over the past ten years to better understand their goals and impacts in the fight against the AIDS epidemic The different research equations submitted to the bibliographic databases, combined with additional manual research, have identified 76 documents composed of articles , books, reports, guides and recommendations of which Twenty-six (26) documents were selected for their relevance: 19 articles, 1 Report, 3 Recommendations, 1 Press Release and 2 Guidelines .Conclusion: In short, this literature journey has made it possible to highlight more specifically the wide variety of screening strategies, the contexts in which salivary self-testing could be complementary to the traditional screening offer.

The wearable industry is growing and diverse. However, despite the variety in device producers and served purposes, many wearables include biosensors that can measure health parameters, such as heart rate. This makes them potentially useful or even disruptive for healthcare; particularly, for its remote delivery mode that is referred to as telehealth. Wearables and consumer technologies can bring changes to the current value network of telehealth industry by creating new business roles and attracting new stakeholders. However, traditionally regulated telehealth industry may be reluctant to accept unregulated non-medical devices. Furthermore, apart from the potential impact of wearables, the future of the industry is affected by other factors, which need to be understood. This article analyzes a potential evolution of the telehealth value network. For that, we first identified the current trends in the evolution of telehealth technologies and products based on the quantitative analysis and review of three different types of literature – scientific publications, patents, and press releases. Furthermore, we discussed the actors that can drive the future telehealth industry by taking a key role in its value network. The study indicates that technologies and products brought by consumer companies will be used in telehealth for the self-management of chronic diseases and wellness. To facilitate the interaction of the previously separated unregulated consumer and regulated medical domains of telehealth, a new health data aggregation role may emerge and take a central position in the value network. While several candidates for this role can be identified, currently, none of them has the full required expertise.

Despite limited study, farmer training is an area of growing interest and concern among new and experienced farmers across North America. It is also an area with broad implications regarding the future of domestic food production. This paper presents findings from a community-campus partnership research study that aimed to explore, document, and categorize existing and emergent models of practical farmer training in North America. We begin by describing the context of practical farming and the need for training programs, followed by a discussion of our findings organized into five analytical categories along with discussion of their implications: (1) Informal farm internship associations; (2) centralized internship programs; (3) private or nonprofit course-based programs; (4) formal academic programs; and (5) independent and self-directed learning. We conclude with some implications from this study and suggest areas for future research. It is our hope that the categories presented here will provide a springboard to support the future research and development of new practical farmer training programs. See the press release for this article.

Background: As sleep position and environment are known to contribute to the risk for infant death, and media images have been shown to sway healthcare decision-making, in 2016 the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) updated their sleep guidelines to explicitly call for the media to refrain from depicting infants in unsafe sleeping positions/environments.Objective: We aimed to assess whether the images accompanying the news coverage of the press release summarizing these new safe sleep guidelines were consistent with the recommendations.Method: We searched the Google News™ archives, the largest compilation of searchable news coverage in the world, in the month after the AAP issued its press release. Two coders independently analyzed all pictures of sleeping infants accompanying the news reports for adherence to the guidelines regarding sleep position/environment.Results: We identified 44 news articles with 39 accompanying images showing a sleep environment with or without an infant. The majority ...

Kratom use as a herbal supplement is on the rise in the United States, with reported medical outcomes and lethal effects suggesting a public health threat. Even though the Drug Enforcement Administration has included kratom on its drugs of concern list and the FDA has published a press release to identify it as an opioid with a potential for abuse, its therapeutic and side effects are still not well defined in the literature. Here, we present a case of a 32-year-old man with a history of kratom use who became acutely ill with a brief prodromal illness, followed by jaundice and elevated liver enzymes showing a cholestatic picture, and his successful treatment. In this case, we emphasize the need for awareness of kratom exposure as a key contributor in the expansion of the opioid crisis, with therapeutic benefits earned at the expense of potentially lethal side effects.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of CEO endorsement (measured by the presence of a CEO quotation in a press release) of sales and marketing leaders on firm performance when the organization has a heavy marketing emphasis. Our study on over 800 appointment announcements shows that enhanced expectations raised by the CEO's endorsement of sales and marketing leaders suffer a mismatch with high customer relationship turbulence due to changes in the sales and marketing organization. We find that CEO endorsement of sales and marketing appointment announcements at firms with a heavy marketing emphasis hurts firm performance in the year-end. The findings also reveal that CEO endorsement hurts in both the immediate and year-end horizons, since CEO endorsement as a measure of internal, firm-level assessment has the perception of being uninformed and subjective. Extant research has studied the impact of appointment announcements on firm performance, while neglecting the role of CEO endorsement. Thus, this study has implications for the appointment of sales and marketing leaders who under certain conditions could enhance the expectations of the firm's continued existence in a market. Theoretically, we contribute by developing a field at the intersection of research related to sales and marketing managerial succession, endorsements and corporate announcements. We emphasize the role of a new construct - CEO endorsement - on firm performance given a heavy marketing emphasis context.

Over the past 5 years, addition of bevacizumab to combination chemotherapy for advanced, recurrent, and persistent cervical cancer has offered prolonged overall and progression-free survival. Since the original press release announcing the survival benefits of this antiangiogenesis therapy, there has been further study of bevacizumab related to quality of life, combination with other agents, use of imaging to evaluate likelihood of response, and development of biosimilars. This review summarizes publications related to bevacizumab use in advanced, recurrent, and persistent cervical cancer over the past 5 years since initial proof of concept of antiangiogenesis therapy and the initial dissemination of information regarding survival benefits of bevacizumab.

Although the Ingelfinger rule seems to have dissolved into dust with the coming of covid-19,1 I was a little disappointed that your journal seems to have mirrored Merck’s press release about molnupiravir without substantial critical comment.2 Molnupiravir …

The antiviral drug molnupiravir reduced the risk of admission to hospital or death by around 50% in non-hospitalised adults who had mild to moderate covid-19 and were at risk of poor outcomes, Merck Sharp and Dohme (MSD) has reported.1 The company said in a press release that 7.3% of patients (28 of 385) who received molnupiravir as part of the phase III trial and 14.1% of patients taking placebo (53 of 377) either were admitted to hospital or had died by day 29 after randomisation. At day 29 no deaths were reported in the molnupiravir group, while eight were reported in the …

Protection provided by two doses of the Pfizer and the AstraZeneca covid-19 vaccines wanes within six months, an analysis of UK data suggests. The latest analysis from the Zoe Covid Study, which investigates real world vaccine effectiveness, examined data from positive PCR test results between May and July 2021 among 1.2 million people who had received two doses of Pfizer or AstraZeneca vaccine. The results, released in a press release, show that protection after two doses of the Pfizer vaccine decreased from 88% at one month to 74% at five to six months; protection for AstraZeneca decreased was from …

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the restatement information disclosed in the Form 8K and the Press Release. It examines the relationship between manipulating the quantity, quality, manner and timing of restatement information and the probability of committing fraud. Design/methodology/approach The authors used 18 informational indicators developed by BenYoussef and Breton (2016), and applied the prediction methodology based on F-scores, developed by Dechow et al. (2011). Findings Results indicate that the information content of restatement announcements provides significant insights into the likelihood of fraud occurrence. A firm that manipulated previous earnings will continue to do so, and will try to mislead investors by releasing inaccurate and incomplete information in the Form 8K and the Press Release. The model helps identify this manipulation and hence can be used as a tool for fraud detection. Research implications/limitations This paper applies the constructs drawn from Information Manipulation Theory to restatement contexts to detect fraud. Practical implications The paper is of use to regulators, investors and financial crime experts, as it provides insights to better fraud detection. Originality/value The paper is based on proprietary data that were hand collected, and is being used first time to predict fraud.

Popular attention has recently been captured by the results of the Bodleian Library's 2017 project of radiocarbon datingportions of the birch-bark fragments constituting what is known as the Bakhshālī Manuscript. In this paper, we disagree with the interpretation of the findings announced by the Bodleian team. In particular, we argue that the earliest dated folio of this manuscript is unlikely to be the date of the whole text. Rather, the latest dateable folio is logically the date of the scribal activity. This fits well with past estimates of the date of the Bakhshālī Manuscript based on historical, philological and palaeographic arguments.. And we argue that the Bakhshālī Manuscript does include written zeros that function as arithmetical operators, i.e., as numbers in their own right, and not merely as place-holders, as asserted by the Bodleian team. Finally, we express regret that the Bodleian Library chose to announce scientific results without peer-review and through a press release to newspapers and a YouTube video.

Background New metrics have been developed to assess the impact of research and provide an indication of online media attention and data dissemination. We aimed to describe online media attention of articles evaluating cancer treatments and identify the factors associated with high online media attention. Methods We systematically searched MEDLINE via PubMed on March 1, 2015 for articles published during the first 6 months of 2014 in oncology and medical journals with a diverse range of impact factors, from 3.9 to 54.4, and selected a sample of articles evaluating a cancer treatment regardless of study design. Altmetric Explorer was used to identify online media attention of selected articles. The primary outcome was media attention an article received online as measured by Altmetric score (i.e., number of mentions in online news outlets, science blogs and social media). Regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors associated with high media attention, and regression coefficients represent the logarithm of ratio of mean (RoM) values of Altmetric score per unit change in the covariate. Results Among 792 articles, 218 (27.5%) received no online media attention (Altmetric score = 0). The median [Q1–Q3] Altmetric score was 2.0 [0.0–8.0], range 0.0–428.0. On multivariate analysis, factors associated with high Altmetric score were presence of a press release (RoM = 10.14, 95%CI [4.91–20.96]), open access to the article (RoM = 1.48, 95%CI [1.02–2.16]), and journal impact factor (RoM = 1.10, 95%CI [1.07–1.12]. As compared with observational studies, systematic reviews were not associated with high Altmetric score (RoM = 1.46, 95%CI [0.74–2.86]; P = 0.27), nor were RCTs (RoM = 0.65, 95%CI [0.41–1.02]; P = 0.059) and phase I/II non-RCTs (RoM = 0.58, 95%CI [0.33–1.05]; P = 0.07). The articles with abstract conclusions favouring study treatments were not associated with high Altmetric score (RoM = 0.97, 95%CI [0.60–1.58]; P = 0.91). Conclusions Most important factors associated with high online media attention were the presence of a press release and the journal impact factor. There was no evidence that study design with high level of evidence and type of abstract conclusion were associated with high online media attention. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s41073-017-0033-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Managers have a variety of tools at their disposal to influence stakeholder perceptions. Earnings management and the strategic reporting of non-GAAP earnings are just two of the available menu choices. We explore how real earnings management and accruals management influence the probability that a company will disclose a non-GAAP adjusted earnings metric in its earnings press release and the likelihood that it will do so aggressively. We first investigate situations where managers already meet analysts’ expectations either based on strong operating performance or after employing real and accruals management. We find that when solid operating performance alone allows firms to meet expectations, managers do not employ earnings management or non-GAAP reporting. However, when managers meet expectations using real and accruals management, they are significantly less likely to report a non-GAAP earnings metric. Next, we explore scenarios where companies fall short of expectations. We find that when they just miss expectations after managing GAAP earnings, they are significantly more likely to employ non-GAAP reporting, suggesting that the timing and relatively costless nature of non-GAAP reporting allows managers to appear to meet expectations on a non-GAAP basis when managed GAAP earnings fall short. Moreover, we find that companies are more likely to report non-GAAP earnings (and to do so aggressively) when they are unable to use real or accruals earnings management, are constrained by prior-period accruals management, and their operating performance is poor. Taken together, our results are consistent with a substitute relation between non-GAAP reporting and both real and accruals management. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Autophagy is a cellular process of destruction and recycling. Cellular materials are broken down and recycled as needed, providing the body a way to remove unwanted material while also providing the means to create new needed items. The importance of this process and its possible role in numerous diseases is why Yoshinori Ohsumi has been awarded a 2016 Noble Prize. Ohsumi has been awarded the 2016 Nobel in Physiology or Medicine for his “discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy and thus paving the way for the exciting field of autophagy research” (Nobelprize.org “Press release: The 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.”).

New scientific discoveries are communicated through multiple channels. Publications remain essential for scientists, whereas general public relies on news articles. Numerous studies investigated the path from publications to news and identified press releases as the key factor, associating them with issues such as exaggerations, but less is known about the direct influence of press releases on subject choice or on the content of media reports. Here, a cross-sectional sample of publications related to genetics and CRISPR is assessed in three independent datasets (n = 1362 publications, n = 461 press releases). Analysis finds 92.5% (CI = 88.5-96.5) dependence of news outlets on press releases in terms of topic choice and 39-43% explicit use of passages from press releases. Publications without press releases are described by 74x fewer news outlets. Even if they come from leading journals or universities, lack of a press release leads to 8.8x less coverage. Given the high impact of press releases, their reliability is especially relevant, but the majority of them omits interest disclosures - 84.3% (CI = 80.8-87.7) of press releases did not mention existing conflicts of interest, including multiple patent applications. These results establish the major indirect and direct role of press releases in science communication via online media. In line with previous research, this dependency raises concerns about possible distortions of science coverage.

The Garfagnana region of Tuscany has witnessed a resurgence in the small-scale farming sector. Rooted in a historical practice of multifunctional agriculture, over the last decade family farmers and local institutions have increasingly focused on place-based development initiatives, such as reval­orizing native livestock breeds and promoting agroecological practices, as ways to strengthen small-scale agriculture and the local rural economy. This place-based turn is now reshaping the devel­opment trajectories of many family farms and communities in Garfagnana. Drawing on qualitative field research con­ducted in 2015, this paper utilizes the sociological conceptual lenses of multifunctional agriculture and place-based development to analyze three case-study farms, each with different production sys­tems and territorial relations. Multifunctional agri­culture theory is used to analyze how farming prac­tices in the three case-studies represent a range of adaptive shifts away from productionist trends and toward a more diversified farming approach. Then place-based theory is used to demonstrate how these multifunctional agriculture practices relate to the distinct socio-ecological landscape of Gar­fagnana, uniquely rooting these farms in the terri­tory. This article ultimately examines how new forms of multifunctional agriculture are fostering a place-based food and agriculture system in central Italy and how this approach can strengthen family farming and rural communities. See the press release for this article.

One of the functions of media relation for a company is to craft good image and reputation of the company in the public’s eye. Related to such function, the aim of this research is to explain the function of the media relation of the PDAM Surakarta to maintain the good image of the company. This research apllies descriptive-qualitative technique of analysis and collects data through observations, indepth interviews, and documentations. Findings of this research are: (1) PDAM Surakarta manages both internal and external relations by using media to provide informations about the company; (2) creating media relations through press release, media visits, and press tour, and (3) expanding its’ networks by cooperating with mass media such as Solopos, RRI, RIA RM, TA TV, and Metta FM.Keywords: Company image, media relations, PDAM Surakarta

This paper studies a crawler system for public cyber incident information published from official press release websites. The incidents information dataset allows us to identify the primary source of incidents and countermeasures of the cyber incidents. However, organizations publish the incident press releases in arbitrary format, which prevents us from automating annotation and classification. To address this issue, we propose a machine learning technique in conjunction with a webpage crawler and reports the accuracy and the performance of the developed cyber incident information system.

Liberal members of Congress condemned Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) intervention, and then went ahead arid approved the $9 million for the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) in exchange for a loosely worded agreement that the CIA would refrain from covertly influencing the elections inside Nicaragua. Many lawmakers were opposed to admit CIA involvement simply because they believed that the covert route would do more damage than good to the opposition in Nicaragua. The United States never had any intention of renouncing CIA covert activities "in exchange for" congressional approval of, and Nicaraguan acquiescence to, overt NED intervention. In October 1989, Carmen officials met with the NED's deputy director of programs, Barbara Haig, to discuss coordination of the Nicaragua project with the NED. The press release was actually prepared by a Washington public relations firm, the Carmen Group, which was founded in 1982 by David Carmen; his father, Gerald Carmen; and Max Hugel.