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Based on the principle of infrared target system, the emissivity and reflectivity of the coating material of the target plate of the infrared target system are studied in depth. The relationship between the emissivity, reflectivity and light wavelength of the target is discussed in this paper. First, 50 target plates are selected and the diffuse reflectance of 1.06 μm laser is measured. The experimental results show that the minimum reflectivity is 0.202 and the maximum reflectivity is 0.217, which is in the range [0.2,0.3]. The average value of reflectivity is 0.20886, and the measurement error is in the range [-0.00686, 0.00814]. Then, the non-uniformity value of each measured value is calculated, the maximum value is 3.89%, less than 7.5%. Finally, the emissivity of the coating material is measured in the wavelength range of 2.5 μm ~ 13.5 μm, and the minimum value is 0.869, better than 0.7. At the same time, four kinds of coating materials are compared and the results show that the coating materials in this paper had higher emissivity. The infrared target system can model all kinds of infrared targets, which provides a method for target attack experiment.

Based on the Guideline for MTI Training Program established by China National Committee for MTI (Master of Translation and Interpreting) Education, this research makes a successive survey on the status quo of master education of legal translators and interpreters from 2014-2016 to trace the changes and problems revealed in the five major universities of political science and law in China. By comparing and analyzing the information and facts collected on the training target, curriculum setting, teaching staff, platform construction, practical training as well as the employment in those five universities, the authors sort out the diversified advantages and features of the five law schools, and probe into the existing problems and difficulties in common. On the grounds of the survey and interview conducted by the authors in the recent years, the authors put forward the solutions and suggestions on the improvement and future development of Chinese MTI education.

Compared with other wall paintings, tomb murals are rarely and have been most seriously damaged by natural weathering, erosion of bacteria and vandalism. Traditional identification methods are time-consuming, laborious, and confined to the visible light range, which mainly relies on expert's experience, analogy and visual color. This calls for new recording methods for mural site protection, relics restoration and repairs. Hyperspectral imaging can capture pictures of spectral range from visible to near infrared light, which render visual enhancement of faded tomb murals. This paper presents a method that can extract faded mural pattern from the hyperspectral images of mural, taking the leaf-like mural patterns in typical Tang dynasty tomb in China as an example. In the method, the faded leaf-like patterns are highlighted through normalization of sensitive spectral bands and extracted by density slice and masking on image space. The result shows that the method can extract the target pattern efficiently with the simple operations.

Externally bonding steel plates is a common method for strengthening old bridges. Structural features and diseases of T-beam bridge are described. The strengthening project of Erdao River Bridge was taken as an example. Based on static load test, changes of deflection and stress are studied at the bottom of RC T-beams strengthened by externally bonding steel plates in the loading process. Numerical simulation is also carried out. The results of static test show that bearing capacity, bending stiffness and deformation can be improved of T-beams strengthened with bonding steel plates. This paper provides good engineering practice experience for the reasonable application of bridge with externally bonding steel plate strengthening method.

In order to increase energy and resources utilization efficiency, and to find hydraulic mortars with improved properties, in this paper we employed diatomite as partial replacement of natural hydraulic lime NHL2 (NHL) and masonry waste powder (MWP) as aggregate in the preparation of mortars. Diatomite was used at 0%, 10% and 20% replacement by weight for NHL2 and the mortars were designed with different water binder ratios (w/b). The physical, mechanical, and anti-aggressive properties such as freeze and thaw, and acid and sulfate resistance properties of mortars were tested after 14, 28 and 90 days of curing. The introduction of diatomite reduced the density of mortars, and it also reduced the total amount of raw materials, especially the amount of NHL, to prepare same volume of mortars. Diatomite replacement generally enhanced the compressive and flexural strength of hydraulic mortars. The enhancement mainly happened after 14 days of curing when pozzolanic effect was noticeable. Diatomite replacement percentage and w/b influenced porosity, compactness and strength of mortars. There existed optimal diatomite replacement percentage and w/b for mortars to attain largest strength. The introduction of diatomite improved acid and sulfate resistance of mortars greatly. All the hydraulic mortars studied in this paper can still well develop strength under freeze and thaw condition.

Relatively abundant C30 17α(H)-diahopane has been detected in oils and rock extracts in the Fushan Depression, a Tertiary lacustrine basin of the Northern South China Sea. C30 17α(H)-diahopane/(C30 17α(H)-diahopane + C30 17α(H)-hopane) ratios (DI) increase with increased burial depth of the source rocks. DI values of most oils from the upper unit ( E 2 l 3 1 ) of the third member of the Eocene Liushagang Formation (E2l3) in the Huachang oil and gas field show a positive correlation with other molecular maturity indicators, such as the DNR (dimethylnaphthalene ratio), MDR (methyldibenzothiophene ratio), 4,6-/1,4-DMDBT (4,6-/1,4-dimethyldibenzothiophene), MPR (methylphenanthrene ratios), or the MPI-1 (methylphenanthrene index). The inflection of the DI-depth curve occurring at about 3200 m, corresponds to 0.55 (Ro%). The oils of the Huachang oil and gas field have higher DI values than the extracts of in situ source rocks, indicating the oils might be sourced from deeply-buried source rocks. Two petroleum systems can be distinguished in the Huachang field in terms of the relative concentration of diahopane and other maturity parameters. The oils in the upper petroleum system, consisting of the reservoirs in E 2 l 3 1 , are mainly sourced from the E2l source rocks in the Bailian sag, and are characterized by relatively higher maturity, higher oil and gas yields, and lower contents of diahopane and oleananes. The oils in the lower system, consisting of middle ( E 2 l 3 2 ) and lower units ( E 2 l 3 3 ) of E2l3, have higher contents of diahopane, higher contents of CO2 gas, and lower maturity and oil and gas yields. The occurrence and geochemical characteristics of the petroleum system are mainly controlled by the “Double Fault System” in the Huachang uplift. The C30 17α(H)-diahopane is an effective biomarker for oil–source rock correlation, oil–oil correlation, maturity assessment and petroleum system study in some terrestrial lacustrine basins.

The present cross-sectional study consisted of 18,265 Chinese patients not previously diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, and who underwent physical examination at the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen between June 2014 and May 2015 (mean patient age, 51.312±15.252 years). The study was composed of 11,770 males and 6,495 females. The aim was to investigate the association between glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, gender and age. HbA1c values were measured using a Bio-Rad VARIANT™ II HbA1c Reorder Pack. All data was collected for analysis of the HbA1c levels in different gender and age groups, in order to investigate the association between HbA1c levels and age. Analysis of the 18,265 total cases and 16,734 cases with HbA1c levels

Replacing or repairing masonry mortar is usually necessary in the restoration of historical constructions, but the selection of a proper mortar is often problematic. An inappropriate choice can lead to failure of the restoration work, and perhaps even further damage. Thus, a thorough understanding of the original mortar technology and the fabrication of appropriate replacement materials are important research goals. Many kinds of materials have been used over the years in masonry mortars, and the technology has gradually evolved from the single-component mortar of ancient times to hybrid versions containing several ingredients. Beginning in 2450 BCE, lime was used as masonry mortar in Europe. In the Roman era, ground volcanic ash, brick powder, and ceramic chip were added to lime mortar, greatly improving performance. Because of its superior properties, the use of this hydraulic (that is, capable of setting underwater) mortar spread, and it was adopted throughout Europe and western Asia. Perhaps because of the absence of natural materials such as volcanic ash, hydraulic mortar technology was not developed in ancient China. However, a special inorganic-organic composite building material, sticky rice-lime mortar, was developed. This technology was extensively used in important buildings, such as tombs, in urban constructions, and even in water conservancy facilities. It may be the first widespread inorganic-organic composite mortar technology in China, or even in the world. In this Account, we discuss the origins, analysis, performance, and utility in historic preservation of sticky rice-lime mortar. Mortar samples from ancient constructions were analyzed by both chemical methods (including the iodine starch test and the acid attack experiment) and instrumental methods (including thermogravimetric differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and scanning electron microscopy). These analytical results show that the ancient masonry mortar is a special organic-inorganic composite material. The inorganic component is calcium carbonate, and the organic component is amylopectin, which is presumably derived from the sticky rice soup added to the mortar. A systematic study of sticky rice-lime mortar technology was conducted to help determine the proper courses of action in restoring ancient buildings. Lime mortars with varying sticky rice content were prepared and tested. The physical properties, mechanical strength, and compatibility of lime mortar were found to be significantly improved by the introduction of sticky rice, suggesting that sticky rice-lime mortar is a suitable material for repairing mortar in ancient masonry. Moreover, the amylopectin in the lime mortar was found to act as an inhibitor; the growth of the calcium carbonate crystals is controlled by its presence, and a compact structure results, which may explain the enhanced performance of this organic-inorganic composite compared to single-component lime mortar.

The problem of how the difference of the refractive indices between the background medium and surrounding media affects the propagation of an electromagnetic wave is investigated in this paper. We present the general formulation for an arbitrarily polarized plane wave obliquely incident on a slab of random medium and compare the numerical multiple scattering solution of the integral-differential vector radiative transfer equation for latex particles with that of the analytical first-order scattering solution. The comparison shows good agreement between the two methods within the applicable range of the first-order approximation. From the cases studied we see that when the optical distance τ > 10, the effects of the multiple-boundary reflection on wave propagation can be neglected for the calculation of the transmitted intensity but usually must be taken into account for the calculation of the reflected intensity and the degree of polarization.

This paper presents a study of the effects of a non-uniform beam on the received backscattered power from a blood vessel by a computer simulation. The results show quantitatively how t,he received power changes with the probe-to-vessel alignment for two probes with different beam profiles.

Ultrasound imaging is synchronized with measurements. Generating three-dimensional representations is synchronized with measuring one or more parameters. For example, measurements are preformed based on navigating through a volume. The measurements are linked to the corresponding three-dimensional representations. As another example, the user selects a measurement from a graph. A three-dimensional representation of the volume associated with the selected measurement is presented.

Medical diagnostic ultrasound stereo imaging is provided. A medical diagnostic ultrasound system operable to scan a body with ultrasound is also operable to generate a three dimensional stereoscopic view of the body. The video processing unit and/or display device create the stereoscopic display.

A system for controlling the point spread function of an ultrasound signal transmitted into a patient. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, only a selected number of the transducer elements transmit a transmit pulse. The elements which do not transmit the pulse are selected in accordance with an apodization probability density function. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, each transducer element transmits a variable portion of a transmit pulse in order to control the acoustic power of the signal transmitted from each element.