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Research has demonstrated an unwillingness among travelers to reduce their holiday flying. Recently, however, a movement with people avoiding and problematizing flying has emerged in Sweden and spr...

PurposeThe purpose of the paper was to explore the latent function of geographic information systems (GIS) in sustainable tourism, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) and local community development in Southern Africa, broadly Africa, and diverse rural areas elsewhere globally. Hence, significantly liaising with data and literature review on the Musina Municipality natural resource management, livelihoods, and tourism development issues in Limpopo Province, South Africa.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilizes a general literature review, document reviews, focus group discussions and field observations to examine the Musina Municipality's rural, environmental and tourism resources management situations along with African and worldwide pertinent implications. The study benchmarks with CBNRM and GIS in sustainable tourism nature within the Musina Municipality.FindingsThe study reveals a fitter dormant-synergetic link among tourism and agrarian (rural) exercises that GIS along a concept of CBNRM can expand within the Municipality. Hence, the study has presented a necessity for a proper and a GIS-unified tourism approach to permit the local communities in Musina Municipality and towards the entire continent.Originality/valueSeveral rural populations in Southern Africa and Africa broadly dwell in low-income areas; Musina Municipality is no exception. Such environs are rich in natural biodiversity, including tourism entities host regions. GIS, sustainable tourism and CBNRM can create a gestalt of local community development projects within such milieus.

In this study, the authors aim to unearth the factors influencing voluntourists’ behaviors. A quantitative approach along with a field survey at three Malaysian east coast island destinations is us...

There is a growing impetus on academics working in higher education to evidence the wider impact (i.e. the social and economic benefits) of their research. As academic disciplines, tourism in gener...

The so-called sun, sea and sand tourism continues to be the type of tourism that fosters the greatest flow of passengers on an international scale, giving rise to an economic impact and job creation. However, like any other type of economic and human activity, it generates negative externalities that manifest themselves in environmental impacts. The One Planet Sustainable Tourism Programme led by The World Tourism Organization announces its new vision for global tourism– growing better, stronger, and balancing the needs of people, planet and prosperity.Beyond good intentions, with the Delphi technique as a tool, a first approach has been made to elucidate the environmental awareness of the sector, the commitment to develop and incorporate sustainable plans to behave in an ethical manner and contribute to economic development while the quality of the environment and local communities as a whole. 14 professionals were selected to participate in the Delphi, all from different companies worldwide focused on geographical areas intended for sun, sea and sand tourism. Obtaining as a response, still, a sector with very weak awareness that does not incorporate the environment into its operational structures, it does not take responsibility for its own actions nor future sustainable developments.

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan rencana strategis pengembangan pariwisata berkelanjutan di desa Samangki, Kabupaten Maros, Sulsel. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Pada tahap perumusan strategi pengembangan pariwisata berkelanjutan di desa Samangki, peneliti menggunakan teknik analisis SWOT. Hasil analisis menunjukkan desa Samangki memiliki potensi internal dan eksternal pariwisata berkelanjutan yang dapat dikembangkan lebih jauh lagi. Kemudian, Analisis potensi berdasarkan aspek atau kriteria sebagaimana konsep desa wisata menunjukkan bahwa dari tujuh aspek, hanya aspek kesiapan SDM masyarakat dan aspek fasilitas pendukung pariwisata yang masih perlu ditingkatkan, sedangkan kelima aspek yang lain, yaitu daya tarik wisata, motivasi masyarakat, sarana dan prasarana, kelembagaan dan ketersediaan lahan secara umum telah memadai untuk menjadi desa wisata. Selain itu, Pengembangan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan di desa Samangki sudah cukup baik, hanya saja perlunya peningkatan agar ke depannya desa Samangki dapat menjadi salah satu desa wisata percontohan di Indonesia.

The aviation industry represents an important polluter, being responsible for increasing environmental impacts on global scale. Aiming to approach the adoption of suitable policies in the aviation industry towards the achievement of the national and international sustainability goals, the present research tackles airlines’ commitment to aviation-related environmental issues, as well as their willingness to adopt sustainable aviation fuel (i.e., bio jet fuel) and sustainable development strategies, focusing on those companies operating flights in the Karol Wojtyła Airport (Bari, Italy). The paper adopts the χ 2 test and the logistic regression to investigate three different hypotheses related to airlines’ headquarters, carriers’ typology (i.e., low-cost or not, flag carriers or not) and years of service. Results outline that traditional airlines, either flag carriers or not, as well as South and North American companies, are more likely to be aware of aviation environmental consequences, publishing environmental reports and offering to passengers the chance to participate to climate change reduction (e.g., through online carbon offset programs or more expensive ticket to produce bio jet fuels). In addition, airlines transiting in Karol Wojtyła Airport show a small willingness to share information through environmental reports and are scarcely intentioned to make use of bio jet fuels, confirming that low-cost companies are still less attentive towards aviation environmental issues. The present research contributes to the empirical studies on sustainable aviation and carriers’ commitment to environmental strategies, highlighting the need to enhance carbon offsets programs and digital technologies as the online compensation of CO2 emissions.

Social media has had a strong presence in many people’s lives over the last decade. In addition, social media platforms have allowed people to share opinions, provide advice on numerous factors, including where to visit, as well as to stay connected and maintain friendships. The hospitality and tourism industry, however, can make effective use of these powerful tools for marketing purposes, collaboration and information sharing, and service offerings. Reviewing social media followers’ behaviors and interests offers a wealth of information and valuable data for a variety of tourism organizations. This case study focuses on an analysis of the social networks applied to the fortified town of Fredrikstad in Norway. The data used in this research study were collected from the Facebook site of the tourist authority. The results of this research project demonstrate the strengths of applying a social network analysis to a dataset, which can aid in the strategic direction of a tourism destination. The conversations of the greatest interest can successfully be identified as well as the growth of the online network. This paper adds knowledge to the literature through the application of a social network analysis regarding the success of a tourism destination and its future potential.

This study aims to analyze the opportunities and challenges faced by Taro Village in developing eco-spiritual tourism. The data in this study were collected through observation, interviews with key informants determined based on purposive sampling and documentation. The data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis to obtain a complete picture of the opportunities and challenges faced by Taro Village as a village that develops eco-spiritual tourism. There are various opportunities that have been empowered such as high visits to several objects, support from the government and local communities as religious communities who uphold the sacred value of nature, and the attention of educational institutions realized through training to improve human resources. However, Taro Village still faces various challenges in its development such as the community does not have the same understanding of the vision of the Eco-spiritual village, community involvement has not been maximized because the majority of the community are farmers and consider tourism as a side job, weather with quite high rainfall often hampers tourist activities, which are mostly conducted in the open space, such as activities in traditional villages, in particular "metekap", "melukat", and firefly attractions. From these opportunities and challenges, it can be suggested that Taro Village should identify and evaluate opportunities and challenges on a regular basis, determine the target market with certain demographic characteristics, learning from competitors to improve product quality to compete, Preserving the quality of nature and the readiness of human resources in sustainable tourism in Taro Village.

PurposeThis concluding paper aims to summarise the main points and outcomes related to the theme issue question what are the challenges and opportunities for sustainable tourism development in Cyprus?Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws on the findings of the theme issue articles summarising key points on how sustainability can be achieved in different tourism and hospitality industry areas in Cyprus.FindingsThe overall findings highlight the challenges the tourism and hospitality industry face in Cyprus to implement sustainable tourism measures while significantly depending on the income industry generates. Articles in this thematic issue also explore the opportunities that stakeholders, support measures, education, advanced technology and rural thematic tourism activities can provide.Originality/valueThe articles in this issue address sustainability challenges and opportunities for a small island state Cyprus that heavily depends on sun and sea tourism activity. The articles in this theme issue provide academic and practical insight through thematic literature reviews, field visits, case studies, interactions and interviews with practitioners, residents and policymakers.

Tourism education has matured from vocational to more liberal education while current trends underline the importance of critical studies and the shift of curricula to more action-oriented forms of education and citizenship education. However, a gap can be noticed between theory and practice in the development of pedagogy for sustainable tourism. The research reported here draws from debates in tourism education, education for sustainability, critical studies, and education for citizenship to develop a conceptual framework for pedagogy for sustainable tourism. This framework is used to reflect on the curriculum space of a master programme in tourism in Sweden in an analytic autoethnographic approach. The analysis indicates that the master programme addresses several aspects of the reflective vocational and reflective liberal curriculum space. It would also benefit from the integration of more experiential, action-oriented learning to strengthen the communal understanding of civil action and education for citizenship. This research contributes to the conceptualisation of the curriculum space for sustainable tourism. Such efforts are considered especially important in acknowledging the complex, dynamic character of tourism higher education. The aim is to invite a dialogue about the reform and evolution of tourism education to meet the needs for a sustainable future.

PurposeThis paper provides an overview and explains the context of this theme issue. The paper outlines the theme issue approach and profiles the articles written in response to the strategic question that aims to explore the challenges and opportunities for sustainable tourism development in Cyprus.Design/methodology/approachThe paper outlines the theme issue approach to exploring challenges and opportunities for sustainable tourism development in Cyprus. The strategic question is tackled in a series of articles that contain literature reviews, reviews of data and evidence, interactions with practitioners and practical solutions.FindingsThe findings of the theme issue focus on sustainability challenges and opportunities in Cyprus and provide insights into the history, current state of development and progress made in implementing sustainable development in its tourism and hospitality industry.Originality/valueThis theme issue outlines the challenges that the tourism industry faces in a small island state that is highly dependent on income generated by conventional tourism activity. In turbulent times where all stakeholders actively demand more sustainable, balanced tourism activity, the articles in this theme issue provide insights on stakeholder involvement, support availability, residents' perceptions of tourism activity, opportunities to develop innovative, technologically advanced solutions, themed tourism activities in remote regions and destinations and the implementation of sustainability concepts in tourism and hospitality education.

PurposeTourism planning and development has revolved around sustainability concepts and issues, and this paper aims to provide an analysis of stakeholder involvement in sustainability planning and implementation in Cyprus.Design/methodology/approachThe article provides a comprehensive perspective on stakeholder involvement in sustainability planning and implementation based on a systematic literature review.FindingsStudy findings indicate that the active involvement of stakeholders is a prerequisite in order to address the complex issues of sustainable tourism development.Originality/valueThe authors examined the role of stakeholders at individual, local and international levels, and how they can make a difference in transitioning to a more sustainable future for tourism in Cyprus.

Sustainable tourism research focuses on mitigating or remediating environmental, social and economic impacts on tourism. In the past years, Big Data approaches have been applied to the field of tourism allowing for remarkable progress. However, there seems to be little evidence to support that such approaches are an inspiration to sustainable tourism and are being implemented. In this context, we aim to obtain a comprehensive overview of the use of Big Data in sustainable tourism to address various issues and understand how Big Data can support decision-making in such scenarios. To that end, this paper reports on the results of a literature review via a combination of a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) in Software Engineering, and the use of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. In summary, we investigated four facets: (a) sources of big data, (b) approaches, (c) purposes, and (d) contexts of application. The results suggest that the use of various approaches have impacted practices in sustainable tourism. The findings provide a thorough understanding of the state of the art of Big Data application in sustainable tourism and provide valuable insights to foster growth both in terms of research and practice.

Sustainable tourism development has attracted attention worldwide. A system-based perspective and an interdisciplinary approach are indispensable for evaluating tourism sustainability. The aim of this study is to propose an emergy analysis framework for the Kanas tourism area in Xinjiang, China, by combining emergy accounting and emergetic ternary diagrams. Data from field surveys and literature analysis were used for the sustainability assessment of the Kanas tourism system. The results show the following: (1) the emergy utilization is not efficient according to the indicators of the social subsystem. (2) The emergy investment ratio, net emergy yield ratio, and emergy exchange ratio of tourism, three indicators belonging to the economic subsystem, indicate that the tourism economy in the study area has low efficiency from different perspectives. (3) The environmental loading ratio of tourism indicates that the environmental pressure on the tourism system is low. However, the values of the emergy yield of waste and the ratio of waste emergy to total renewable resources show that tourism waste adversely affects tourism sustainability due to the growing number of tourists. The results of the emergy sustainability indicator of tourism and the emergy indicator of sustainable development of tourism demonstrate that sustainable development may not be possible in the long run due to the low level of economic and social efficiency, although sustainability was achieved for a certain period. (4) The emergetic ternary diagrams of the indicators visualize the increasing ecological pressure and decreasing sustainability of the system, revealing that Kanas should focus on long-term sustainable development based on the sensitivity lines of renewable resources. Finally, suggestions were provided based on the conclusions.

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the rising sustainability standards on the island of Cyprus and more specifically the Cyprus Sustainable Tourism Initiative and how this organization helped to make the case for sustainable development.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted a qualitative approach using interviews to collect data from primary research.FindingsAlthough Cyprus is a well-developed tourism destination, its sustainability standards have lagged behind. Tour operators initially encouraged the hospitality industry to commit to sustainability standards and the majority of the industry has done so. Yet there is still a gap between theory and practice and the industry needs to step up its efforts.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was time limited and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic posed difficulties in terms of accessing interviewees and conducing the interviews.Practical implicationsThe study reveals the current state of sustainability standards in Cyprus and the effort needed to address the future challenges.Social implicationsSustainability is not a catch word but a way to offset the negative implications of human activity. Tourism and hospitality is an important economic activity and needs to play its role in protecting and improving environmental and social standards.Originality/valueThis is the first study to focus on sustainability standards in the hospitality industry in relation to the Cyprus Sustainable Tourism Initiative (CSTI).

This paper examines whether the tourism programs offered by the higher education institutions in Japan address the aspect of sustainability and corresponding concerns and challenges faced in the to...

In tourism development, community participation is very important. Community participation does not just appear but must start from the right perception of tourism. Local people, with all their perceptions about tourism management, have been involved in tourism management. The purpose of this study was to determine the local community's perception of the manager of the main tourism destinations and to determine the sustainable tourism development model in Simanindo District, Samosir Regency. This type of research is a social survey and descriptive-quantitative. The technique used in sampling is the Franc Lynch method, with a sample of 95 people as respondents, aged 15-64 years old. The type of data used is primary by using a questionnaire with a Likert scale in each question. The data analysis technique used is value perception and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study show: 1) The percentage of the average value of the independent variable is 85%, this means that the perception of the local community about the management principles of Lake Toba tourist destinations is in a positive or good area 2) Sustainable tourism development has a positive relationship and influenced simultaneously by service, attractiveness, human resources, environment, and participation. Therefore, the sustainable tourism development model must emphasize the attractiveness and human resources in Simanindo District

Purpose The purpose of this study, a case study, is to present the uniqueness of the only UNESCO-awarded tea consumption tradition worldwide and its implications on the tourism industry by analyzing and weighting initializing effects of tea on the regional economy, as well tea tourism-related cultural and social rootings. Design/methodology/approach Between 20 July 2020 and 20 August 2020, qualitative interviews have been conducted with regional experts, as well as relevant statistics have been evaluated, cultural and social effects have been analysed and weighted, following two main research questions: can “Tea”, along with its history and tradition, be used effectively for initializing tourism and destination brand management? What kind of instruments are useful for reinforcing authentic tea-oriented destination marketing? In addition, the European Tea Speciality Association (ESTA) supported this research project also with another qualitative interview. Furthermore, two workshops of the Working Group on International Tea Tourism have been used to discuss and reflect the impacts of tea museums and tea consuming traditions as well as the European Tea Research Circle (ETRC). Findings Tea and its culture is a strong motive for initializing tourism, as it is linked to cosy ceremonies and social gathering. The brand awareness of the destination “East Frisia” as the “tea destination” of Germany is powerful, and the “East Frisian Tea Ceremony” became a regional social anchor and element of loyalty for tourists and citizens. It is useful and profitable to develop more tea-related authentic evens and products to use this UNESCO award and the positive image of tea ceremonies to strengthen the regional economy. Research limitations/implications As the UNESCO award was awarded in 2016, any impacts could only be evaluated for a short period of time. Practical implications The specific tea culture in East Frisia has the potential for establishing this region as the most unique region for Tea Tourism in Central Europe. This should be evaluated and developed within additional measurements and programmes. The aim should be a plan for additional mapping and tea-related events and attractions to use this unique heritage for developing sustainable tourism and strengthening the regional hospitality infrastructure. Social implications The East Frisian tea culture is empowering people and functions as a harmonic link among the inhabitants of a structurally underdeveloped region. Thus, this habit is a key factor for the stability and pride of the inhabitants, involving citizens and keeping traditions alive. Originality/value The combination of a cultural heritage award and a habit for celebrating the consumption of a hot beverage is unique worldwide. Therefore, this analysis is a valuable support for the transfer of applicable knowledge from academia to the industry as well as the first research project about the link between tea consuming heritage and tourism in Europe.

Green skills are crucial for the sustainable development of tourism and hospitality companies and significantly contribute to their overall performance. This study explores the green skills gaps in...

The current research aims at exploring the relationships between historical agricultural landscapes and sustainable tourism, by combining the potential of aerial and ground observation methods, that are able to detect the seasonal landscape changes. These phenomena are strongly interlaced with the annual cycle of plants, which have many implications for ecological processes, agriculture, health, tourism, regional/urban planning and economy. In many countries, similar phenomena as the timing of spring-blooming or the timing of autumn coloring foliage are of great visual value and can be of touristic interest, so to enhance the overall attractiveness of a territory. The research analyzes the case study of the historical agricultural landscape, localized in the in-between territories Turin and Milan, which is characterized by large portions of paddy-rice fields, which assume different aesthetical configurations over the year. This landscape, made up of an articulated system of waterways that support large portions of rice cultivation, protected natural areas, historical farmhouses, urban settlements, is the result of a long process of interaction between natural elements and human activities. Remote sensing and ground observations can play an important role in a high-accuracy mapping of the seasonal conditions of this kind of landscape. The flooding of paddy-rice fields determines a high scenic value of large portions of the rural landscape, that can be detected through remote sensing. The specificity of rice cultivation is that plants grow on flooded soils. Such a temporary condition of the landscape can become an unexpected tourist destination. From the methodological point of view, the research combines the potential of time series of satellite high-resolution imagery, for computing vegetation indexes (i.e. NDVI, NDWI etc.), and ground observations, through GIS mapping tools. This interpretation tools are useful to trace a network of slow scenic routes that allow perceiving such temporary landscape conditions and that support a territorial strategy aiming at a sustainable development of these fragile territories.

Ecotourism is now the fastest-growing sector in the Himalayan region as well as in the Garhwal region (Uttarakhand, India) as it has negligible adverse impacts on the environment and natural resources than tourism. Ecotourism plays an important role in the protection and sustainability of natural resources. Thus, the present study attempts to identify potential ecotourism sites using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Geographical Information System-Remote sensing (GIS-RS) techniques in the Garhwal Himalayan region. The study is based on the use of GIS-RS used parameter concerning landscape naturalness, climatic characteristics, topographic attributes, accessibility parameters, reserved and protected areas, and natural attractiveness using a weighted overlay method in the GIS platform. We also used expert knowledge to assign weights and then normalized them by AHP eigenvector. We used the receiver operating characteristic curve for validation, which indicates the methods are very useful in ecotourism potentiality. The results show very highly, and the highly suitable area is about 21.12%, wherein 17.40% located in the greater Himalayan region. Areas adjacent to the densely forested areas, where snow-out occurs every year, develop various grasslands, cool climate, U and V-shaped valleys, very attractive landscapes sites suitable for ecotourism, but not for all seasons. The moderately suitable areas confined in the lower dissected valleys and upper snow-covered areas and make up about 26.04% (8456.68 km2) of the region. This study can help tourism planners and the government select locations precisely and further develop ecotourism activities and release pressures on the tourism burden in the region. The results have implications for sustainable tourism and ecotourism efforts of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal-15 (SDG-15) of improving life on land by preserving natural heritage, wilderness areas, and culture. It can help the employment generation of the local people and direct profits to the local communities.

Purpose This study aims to identify the key variables which determine intentions to visit coffee/tea tourism plantations particularly those adopting sustainable practices. Also, this study ascertained the perception of risk in travelling due to the fear of Covid-19 on travel intentions to such coffee/tea tourism destinations. Design/methodology/approach Using the theory of planned behaviour as a basis for this study’s framework, data was gathered from 302 eco-conscious Generation Y and Z consumers via an online survey. Partial least squares were then applied to analyse the data. Findings Learning and relaxation motives were important in determining consumers’ attitudes towards sustainable coffee/tea tourism. The intention to engage in sustainable coffee/tea tourism is most strongly affected by the risk of travelling, followed by attitude. Research limitations/implications The addition of contemporary variables was given to the theory of planned behaviour’s core constructs to better reflect consumers’ attitude and behaviour towards a growing form of tourism under unprecedented times. Practical implications Travel or tourism operators will have first-hand insights on the factors that drive intentions to visit sustainable coffee and tea destinations, thus enabling more strategic action to be undertaken to reach the targeted young consumers. Originality/value This study examines young, environmental-conscious consumers’ perspectives on novel travel destinations which adopt sustainable practices. Risk in travelling was assessed which is necessary given Covid-19 has severely disrupted consumers’ travel patterns.

Geographic Information System (GIS) can be used in ecotourism as a decision support tool for sustainable tourism planning, impact assessment, visitor flow management, and tourism site selection. Therefore, this system has the potential to be widely applied in tourism. The purpose of the study was to explore the potential for ecotourism development using GIS in Sepidan region, placed in the southwestern part of Iran. An innovative method was proposed for adjusting effective parameters in evaluation of ecotourism. The methods used for evaluation comprised Boolean, current multi-criteria evaluation methods (weighted linear combination), and the proposed methods of geometric mean and its calibration. Results showed that an improved method using geometric mean (kappa= 0.72) was better than Boolean (kappa= 0.56) and multi-criteria evaluation (kappa= 0.59) models. The calibrated geometric mean was also the best among the different models used. It should be noted that the geometric mean method was simpler than multi-criteria evaluation and did not require the weighting process.

The increasing interest of tourists over the last few decades in the Pemuteran Tourism Area has become a major challenge in its management and sustainability. The dive centers located in this area offer business services such as diving and snorkeling, which are the leading tourism activities in Pemuteran. These centers also experience various changes that are related to business operations and conservation strategies. This study aims to (1) determine the characteristics of these centers in the Pemuteran marine tourism area, (2) analyze the network pattern between these centers in these areas, and (3) formulate a sustainable tourism developmental strategy. In addition, the study made use of a descriptive and qualitative research method. The data used was collected through semi-structured census interviews on the entire population of the dive centers in the Pemuteran marine tourism area. The results show that the collaboration network between dive centers in Pemuteran is a centralized collaboration. Furthermore, this collaboration occured in both operational and conservational activities. The nationality of the owner and the year in which the centers were established, are factors that influence the collaboration of dive centers in Pemuteran. Conclusively, optimizing the role of the government, and the involvement of local communities around Pemuteran is an important task needed in developing sustainable Pemuteran diving tourism.

With the globalizing trends, innovative approaches have stood out in the tourism sector. In line with these approaches, the number of entrepreneurships in tourism increases and a significant association is formed between tourism and entrepreneurship in terms of sustainability. Tourism activities, which have an important role in regional development, can make significant contributions to the economy of the region with the entrepreneurship activities carried out by the local people. This study sets forth the relationship between tourism and entrepreneurship in ensuring sustainable tourism development in the tourism destination of Amasya, which is rich in historical areas, cultural and natural features, based on small-scale enterprises. The study covers identification of key success factors affecting tourism entrepreneurship and testing of the relationship between the factors and performance via the SPSS program (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) by conducting a survey that measures subjective and objective perception with 78 small-scale tourism enterprises. As the result of the study, it has been concluded that environmental, organizational, enterprise-oriented and entrepreneur-oriented features should be discussed in a holistic manner in the development of sustainable tourism entrepreneurship.

Purpose The rapid growth of tourism prior to the COVID-19 pandemic prompts the need for critical reflection of tourism’s “local-global” responsibility in the wake of that pandemic. Conceptually driven by the ancient Greek notion of hubris, this study reflects on the perception of tourists as actors disconnected from citizens’ necessities, safety and well-being. In so doing we develop further knowledge on the relationship between the spaces of tourism and citizenship and how this might build a sustainable future-proof tourism. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected daily for two weeks via three Google Alert queries set to mine Italian online news media contents immediately after the Italian Government’s adoption of mobility restrictions due to COVID-19. This study uses a thematic narrative analysis to examine the contents related to tourists during the COVID-19 outbreak. Findings The exploratory findings reveal how tourists are largely presented as taking over the space of local residents and, by breaking the rules set by national and local authorities, as disregarding those residents’ safety and well-being. Hence, they appear disconnected from any sense of belonging to a local or global community, and from a space to which they owe a duty of care. Originality/value By framing tourists as hubristic subjects ontologically belonging to a neoliberal leisure space disentangled from the citizenship space, this study establishes a novel theoretical grounding from which a sustainable future-proof tourism that is rooted in citizenship space can be rethought.

Drawing on integrated concepts of marketing strategy and destination image, this study proposes and develops a model of antecedent and consequence behaviour for sustainable tourism. A survey of 505...

Purpose This paper aims to review the current state of energy efficiency in North Cyprus and the extent to which this supports small island sustainable tourism development, together with related policy implications. Design/methodology/approach Documentary analysis is used to evaluate energy efficiency studies in North Cyprus. Findings Results of this study reveal that the legal framework relating to energy efficiency and stakeholder reports about the level of energy efficiency falls short of expectations for sustainable tourism practices from an energy efficiency perspective. Practical implications Policymakers should consider revising the current draft energy efficiency law to take into account the needs and views of hospitality and tourism stakeholders. This could be accomplished by involving them in discussions about how enhanced energy efficiency could contribute to economic, social and environmental development. Further, policymakers and these industry stakeholders in North Cyprus should develop common goals to harmonise tourism and energy regulations in support of sustainable development. Originality/value This study evaluates current energy efficiency developments and possible contributions to sustainable tourism development in North Cyprus. Energy efficiency policy has not yet been applied in North Cyprus, and a broad-ranging policy could help to prevent future environmental problems in North Cyprus.

Tourism development in the United States and globally is deeply rooted in hypercapitalist strategies and influenced by neoliberal conditions which prioritize economic development often to the detriment of those living and working in tourism destinations. The tourism workforce is a major entity sustaining the day to day operations of the tourism system, yet it remains underexplored. The COVID-19 global pandemic has only strengthened the argument for the need to prioritize the social—or person—aspect of sustainable tourism. Critical qualitative methods such as situational analysis combined with theoretical perspectives like critical race theory can provide methodological tools to expose and re-envision privatized constructions of sustainable tourism. In this article, we describe possibilities for using critical situational analysis to examine a broad range of complex conditions and provide examples of situational mapping from a study focusing on disaster capitalism and the use of tourism development as a strategy in post-Katrina New Orleans. We then offer possibilities for using situational analysis as critical qualitative inquiry moving forward. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

The importance of the research is showing the extent to which human memory is related to many architectural and natural features. The research dealt with Mediterranean architecture, so its blocks are distinguished by simplicity. The Four Seasons Hotel in Alexandria, Egypt, reflects the spirit of the Mediterranean designs, especially within the hotel's restaurant spaces. The research problem lies in the insufficient interest in studying and analyzing the Mediterranean style as an architectural style within the contemporary interior architecture of residences and hotels on the shores of the Mediterranean coast, which has a great impact on sustainable tourism development in Egypt. The research aims to try to understand the characteristics of Mediterranean architecture that mix between internal and external spaces. As well as considering the local environmental character of the sites where hotels are established and trying to revive the architecture related to the traditions in the Arab region of the Mediterranean basin and its close connection with the surrounding nature. The research exposed the concept of Mediterranean architecture, presented models for two restaurants inside the hotel understudy, and reviewed the distinctive features and characteristics of the style and the extent to which the interior design of restaurants relates to the style through a descriptive-analytical approach, then the results were presented and discussed wherein. The research was able to conclude that the Mediterranean style is a flexible method that allows mixing modern elements and materials in it.

Günümüzde toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği konusundaki duyarlılığın yansıması olarak kadın çalışmaları sıklıkla incelenen alan haline gelmiştir. Hizmet sektörü içinde yer alan ve işlerin önemli bir bölümünün kadın odaklı olması nedeni ile turizm sektörü; emek-yoğun yapısı yanında kadın-yoğun özelliği de göstermektedir. Turizmin sayısal olarak büyümesi ve sosyoekonomik etkilerinin bireylerin gelişimlerine katkısı nedeni ile kadın ve turizm olgularını birlikte ele alan çalışmalarda artış yaşanmaktadır. Çalışmada bibliyometrik yöntem ile Vosviewer paket programı kullanılarak “kadın” ve “turizm” kavramlarına yönelik içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında Web of Science veri platformundan elde edilen 3245 çalışma incelemeye tabi tutulmuştur. Elde edilen veriler görsel haritalama tekniği kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Anahtar sözcükler üzerinden yapılan eşdizimlik analizine göre altı farklı tema belirlenmiş ve Tourism, Gender, Cross-Border Reproductive Care, Motivation, Sustainable Tourism ve Segmentation olarak gruplandırılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında en çok makale türünde çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. Alanyazında kadın konusunun ağırlıklı olarak konaklama işletmeleri ölçeğinde incelendiği belirlenmiş ve çalışmaların 1975’te başlayıp 2010 yılından sonra artış gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre turizmde kadınlar ağırlıklı olarak cam tavan engelleri, ücret ayrımcılığı, çalıştıkları departmanlar ve yönetim kademelerindeki rollerine ilişkin konularda incelenmektedir.

Geotourism is a specialized branch of tourism emphasizing on economic utilization of the geomorphosites under the umbrella of tourism industry. The study focuses on the status of the badlands of Gangani located in the right bank of Silabati river of West Bengal in the context of geotourism development on account of its exceptional scientific, educational and aesthetic values as geoheritages. Formed during Pleistocene period with hard lateritic duricrust layer on the top, Gangani badland is famous as ‘Grand Canyon of Bengal’ for its escarpments, caves, pinnacles, mesa and butte like structures as well as earth pillars, saw-tooth ridges, natural roof like geomorphosites. We have primarily used ethnographic methods for data collection which involves personal interviews, questionnaire surveys and focus group discussion. A SWOT-AHP analysis has been undertaken further for estimating the geotourism potentiality of this wonderful badland topography. TOWS matrix is used to formulate strategies for optimal utilization of its geotourism resources. The result emphasises adaptation of imperative planning strategies for geoconservation in order to attain the sustainable tourism goals.

Purpose This theme issue sought to find answers to the question: How could tourism planners and policymakers overcome the barriers to sustainable tourism development in the small island developing state of North Cyprus? The purpose of this paper is to draw on the collaborative work of tourism academics and practitioners featured in this issue. Design/methodology/approach A thematic analysis of the articles in this collection draws together the key outcomes related to the strategic question, with particular reference to the contribution to knowledge, policy and practice and the implications for further applied research in relation to sustainable tourism development in North Cyprus and small island developing states (SIDS) more generally. Findings The main finding is that insufficient and/or ineffective collaboration is one of the main obstacles in managing sustainable tourism in North Cyprus. More diversification of tourism products and better conservation of natural, cultural, economic and environmental resources are also needed. It is argued that this can be achieved through planning and policy improvements that focus on facilitating sustainable tourism development. Originality/value This paper reflects on the strategic question discussed in this theme issue, and it contains a descriptive analysis of the results and recommendations for policymakers and tourism sector practitioners. The recommendations include: the development of sustainable tourism practices by harnessing technological advances and by raising the awareness of policymakers and tourism stakeholders. This paper and the collection of articles that it draws on, is the first to explore different academic and practitioner perspectives on ways of overcoming obstacles and managing and developing sustainable tourism in the SIDS of North Cyprus.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to gauge how tourism and hospitality students discern sustainability in the geographical context of the small island state of North Cyprus using systems theory and thinking framework. Design/methodology/approach This study used a qualitative approach and draws on data from focus group interviews with final year students enrolled in a tourism and hospitality program. Findings This study reveals that students lack a holistic understanding of sustainability and given this finding, the theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Originality/value In spite of the close linkages between tourism and sustainability and the fact that the United Nations designated 2017 as the “International Year of Sustainable Tourism for Development,” education for sustainability in tourism has received relatively little attention. Furthermore, there is a gap in the literature in terms of what tourism students know about sustainability and sustainable development.

Purpose This study aims to explore the strategies adopted by tourism and hospitality businesses in North Cyprus during the Covid-19 pandemic. The analysis also points to sustainable tourism approaches that could be adopted in the post-Covid-19 period. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative methodology was used to collect detailed information from 20 tourism and hospitality business owners operating in North Cyprus. Findings The findings illustrate the negative impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on tourism and hospitality operations in North Cyprus and reveal how businesses have coped and responded to these challenges. Some operators have been able to adapt and their actions provide indicators for a sustainable tourism business model in North Cyprus. Practical implications The study draws on the experiences of business owners and reveals how they have sought to sustain their operations during the uncertain conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic. Social implications The findings of this study could assist government agencies in the construction of sector-specific support programs for tourism and hospitality businesses. Originality/value The adverse effect of Covid-19 on tourism and hospitality operations is a current topic that needs to be analyzed. This study draws on the experiences of practitioners to analyze the competitive strategies used by tourism and hospitality businesses in North Cyprus.

The shocks caused by the Covid-19 pandemic had a major impact on the tourism sector and the economy. Yogyakarta is one of the main destinations for domestic and international tourism in Indonesia. Unfortunately, the tourism sector in Yogyakarta is also affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the tourism sector and recovery strategies during and after the Covid-19 pandemic in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. This research was compiled using a descriptive qualitative methodology, data collection was carried out by studying literature and interviews with resource persons. The results showed that the growth of tourists during the pandemic period was negative, as well as the growth rate of hotel occupancy was also negative. The tourism industry perpetrators suffered huge losses and many workers were sent home without being paid until they were terminated. The recovery of the tourism sector requires a long stageand will be carried out in stages. The first phase has been started in june 2020 and is expected to move towards a new normal in 2022. Several action plans are drawn up for the recovery process. The action plan includes developing health protocols, creating digital tourism, a tourism information system, and SMART Tourism. Local governments and tourism industry players in DIY need to build SMART Tourism for sustainable tourism after the Covid-19 pandemic.SMART Tourism is an innovation in the tourism sector by utilizing information technology in integrating tourism activities.

Tourism is facing an unprecedented crisis whose sheer scope is dictating global transformation of the industry. The aim of this paper is to explore how different countries and destinations responded to the initial blow of the COVID-19 pandemic, and what is expected in the recovery and restart phases. A crisis management model was developed using data from 31 interviews with tourism organizations. The findings help identify the actions required to build resilience, emphasizing the responsibilities and interventions that can achieve tourism restoration. We point out implications for theory and practice in terms of incorporating policymakers' perceptions, while also informing tourism organizations about policy development and the reformulation of strategies. This might support countries and destinations choosing the right path in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, addressing the negative and taking advantage of the positive repercussions.

Knowledge is recognised as having more value when it is created and shared amongst stakeholders. Applying knowledge management principles can assist tourism organisations in achieving a competitive...

This paper is intended as a contribution to the debate on tourism sustainability and the need to involve local communities in planning practices, key to sustainable tourism. The community-based approach has been widely theorized and used in projects of sustainable tourism development, because it tends to maximize the participation of local population from the earliest stages of development and affect tourism policies, while also responding to the changing needs of contemporary tourists, especially in terms of development of niche and special-interest tourism. The only exception is in the construction of the tourist imaginary: the involvement of the community in this fundamental sphere has always been scarce, with the result that often there is a strong imbalance – even dissonance – between the image promoted through the marketing, that continuously re-shaped by the locals and that experienced by the tourists. This contribution will explore the creation of tourism imaginary as negotiated activity. Received: 03 February 2021Accepted: 01 March 2021

The tourism workforce is diverse and the literature exploring workforce issues, whilst limited, largely focuses on remunerated workers. There is recognition that volunteering has a significant role to play in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); however, there is limited literature exploring the role of volunteering relative to the SDGs’ architecture. With reference to the tourism workforce, there is also a noticeable lack of studies exploring how tourism volunteering contributes to realisation of the SDGs. In a first, using the lens of critical tourism, this conceptual paper seeks to holistically explore how tourism volunteering can contribute to SDG realisation from the perspectives of host volunteering and (guest) volunteer tourism. This study maps the potential of both forms relative to the volunteering activities that United Nations Volunteers (UNV) has identified as means by which volunteers can support the SDGs. The findings revealed common areas through which host volunteering and volunteer tourism contribute but taken on the whole, volunteer tourism has the greater potential to contribute to the SDGs as a development agenda. Informed by these findings, we develop six propositions to advance recognition and research relating to the contribution of tourism volunteering to the SDGs.

One of the biggest challenges facing the tourism industry is carbon dioxide emissions resulting from the greenhouse gases emitted from aviation indispensable for tourism. Thus, governments have introduced emission permits trading to the aviation industry. However, as this is in the introductory stages, it is unclear how this environmental policy will influence tourism and the environment and whether the policy can contribute to the decarbonisation of the aviation industry. Using an R&D-based growth model considering aviation for tourism, this study investigates how introducing emissions permit trading in aviation influences tourism-led growth and sustainable tourism. Domestic tourism aviation, and not international tourism aviation, was considered because it is estimated that the former short-distance aviation movements emit more greenhouse gases than the latter. The findings demonstrate that fewer permits lead to sustainable tourism despite a generous permit allocation for the manufacturing sector if the goal of tourism-led growth is excluded. This is because the policy improves environmental quality and results in a trade-off between tourism consumption and the economic growth rate. For a generous permit allocation in aviation, the policy leads to decreased tourism consumption and pollution-intensive aviation. These findings imply that emissions permit trading between the aviation and manufacturing sectors inhibits the compatibility of tourism-led growth and sustainable tourism. Finally, this study suggests that sustainable tourism could be realised when manufacturing countries such as Germany and the UK increase aviation permits, while tourism countries such as Spain and Italy decrease aviation permits.

The research investigates the interplay of sustainable tourism, management accounting, monitoring, destination life cycles and stakeholder involvement. Management techniques are considered critical to the sustainable stewardship and competitiveness of tourism destinations in European business agricultural investments. The importance of tourism management and monitoring in destinations and organizations is particularly highlighted through an explanation of sustainable tourism indicator systems such as that created by the European Commission. Systems such as this will help position Europe as the leading sustainable tourism destination in the world both now and in the future. Consequently the sustainability of tourism is now much broader that just environmental considerations. It is commonly considered to be comprised of the three pillars: the environment, the economy and the community. Much of corporate finance takes a particular financial architecture as its reference: the equity company with listed shares and relatively easy access to financial markets. But there are other ways to organize and finance business activities. The forms of ownership, control and financing can vary widely worldwide. In this article we will describe some of these differences. Companies collect liquidity through financial markets, but also through public grants.

Despite numerous attempts at operationalising ecotourism, none have explicitly incorporated the three tenets of ecotourism (i.e. nature, education, and sustainability) into scale development with t...

Maratua Island is a part of the National Tourism Strategic Area (KSPN), namely Derawan-Sangalaki, in Berau Regency. This study aims to analyze the potential that can be developed on Maratua Island as a tourism destination in eastern Indonesia. This research is a quantitative descriptive study. To identify the tourism potential that can be developed on Maratua Island, use a modified guide to the Analysis of the Operational Areas for Natural Tourism Objects and Attractions (ADO-ODTWA). Maratua Island has the potential as a natural tourism destination in the form of flora and fauna, coral reefs, mangrove forests, lakes, and natural panoramas that are worthy of being developed. Based on the analysis of the factors of attractiveness, accessibility, socio-economic conditions, accommodation, sapras, and water availability, the index is 84% or feasible to develop. Maratua Island is in an advantageous condition because it has its own airport and port. For this reason, the Berau Regency Government needs to promote the potential that exists in Maratua Island, a five-year work plan is made for sustainable tourism development, involves the community in tourism management and cooperates with parties so that the development of Maratua Island tourism potential can be better.

Lombang beach is one of the best tourism places in Sumenep which has Spruce Shrimp trees (Casuarina equisetifolia) and extensive white refined sand as the icon. Lombang beach has potentials and benefits which can be developed, nonetheless, it couldn’t guarantee the sustainability of tourism, so that it needs to be studied for its sustainability extent. This research aimed to analyze the continuity of Lombang beach tourism based on four continuation dimensions such as ecology, economy, social, and infrastructure by using Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) which obtained through Rapid Appraisal for Lombang Beach Tourism (Rap-LBT) approach. The questionnaire was given to 54 tourists as respondents based on a nonprobability sampling (incidental sampling) approach. The sustainability analysis result presented that the sustainability of Lombang beach was quite sustainable. Ecological dimension has an index value of 57.93, economic dimension of 55.04, social dimension of 60.07 and infrastructure dimension of 50.68. The most sensitive attribute were regional arrangement, beach typical, tourism attraction, beach cleanliness, visit willingness, service quality, the cleanliness and quality of tourist facility, and public transportation for travel. Monte Carlo analysis result presented that the four dimensions were quite stable with the minor error extent for 95% of trusted standard.

Sustainable Eco-tourism development is one of the recent trends that emerged as a result of the negative changes that the environment witnessed in the recent period. This has led to the interest of many tourism countries in sustainable Eco-tourism development plans, Hence the research problem, which is the lack of clear sustainable development standards and mechanisms to adequately utilize the available resources in North Sinai, whether natural or human. Therefore, the objectives of the research were to study the potential of natural and human resources and how to apply the criteria for sustainable tourism development, The research paper follows the analytical approach that relies on analyzing data on the tourism sector and the human and natural potentials in North Sinai Governorate, And also the applied approach that relies on conducting a study on ecotourism areas in North Sinai. تعد ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ البيئية ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺩﺍﻤﺔ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺸﻬﺩﺘﻬﺎ البيئة ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ، ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻲ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺒﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ البيئية المستدامة، ومن هنا تأتي المشکلة البحثية والتي تتمثل في افتقار وجود معايير وآليات تنموية مستدامة واضحة لاستغلال الموارد المتاحة بشمال سيناء سواء الطبيعية أو البشرية بشکل کافي. لذا تمثلت أهداف البحث في دراسة إمکانيات الموارد الطبيعية والبشرية وکيفية تطبيق معايير التنمية السياحية المستدامة، وتنتهج الورقة البحثية المنهج التحليلي الذي يعتمد علي تحليل البيانات الخاصة بالقطاع السياحي والإمکانات البشرية والطبيعية بمحافظة شمال سيناء، وايضا المنهج التطبيقي الذي يعتمد علي إجراء دراسة علي العمران السياحي البيئي في شمال سيناء.

Tourists have become increasingly interested in certain aspects of their destination, including landscape and biodiversity elements, thereby promoting the development of nature-based tourism. The Azores are considered a sustainable tourism destination, with various natural attractions, including hiking trails. Based on the hypothesis that natural vegetation/forest might have a relevant role as a tourist attraction along trails, we performed a quantitative GIS-based analysis to determine the predominant types of land cover found along hiking trails in the Azores. Different statistical approaches indicated that agriculture/pastureland dominated land cover along most trails and that land cover distribution was correlated with global land cover partitioning in the respective island. A reduced number of trails showed a distinct land cover, intersecting areas of natural vegetation/forest. Therefore, we concluded that land cover across hiking trails in this nature tourism destination was dominated by a humanized landscape, which raises questions regarding the more adequate tourist interpretation strategy to adopt in the Azores.