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Background: Sitting height (SH) and leg length (LL) help in assessing disproportionate growth. Anthropometric dissimilarity has been observed in different ethnicities.Aim: To (1) study sitting heig...

OBJECTIVES: Among urban (U) and rural (R) Indian children ages 9–18 years, we aimed to (1) assess prevalence and determinants of primary hypertension (PH) (2) evaluate differences in fat indices (BMI, waist circumference, tricep skinfold thickness), body composition (BC, fat and muscle mass (MM)), weight-adjusted resting metabolic rate (RMR/Wt), diet, and physical activity (PA). METHODS: Date from 2016–2017 Multicentre Study, representative of children (9–18 yrs) from 5 states, were analysed (n = 1818, urban 895, rural = 923). All anthropometric parameters (Z-scores were calculated), BP, BC, RMR were measured. Two day 24 hrs diet recall was collected, nutrient and food group intakes were calculated; PA was assessed. Children and adolescents were categorised as normo or pre + hypertensive (>90th percentile) and Students t-tests, chi-sq tests, and ANOVA used for comparison, regression analysis was carried out for determinants. RESULTS: U children and adolescents were significantly taller, heavier, overweight + obese (25 vs 11%), pre + hypertensive (18 vs 10%), adipose and had lower RMR/Wt. All children with PH had higher fat indices, and lower MM and RMR/Wt than normotensives (P

Objective and Aims: Overweight/obese children are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Random glucose elevations provide early warning signs of glycemic dysregulation. To assess random blood glucose (RBG) concentrations and risk factors associated with prediabetes in children aged 3-18 years from six Indian regions. Method: Multicenter, cross sectional, observational school-based study; multi-stage stratified random sampling was carried out. Height and weight measured; body mass index (BMI) was computed. RBG measured using a glucometer. National sample survey was used for dietary patterns. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 for Windows. Setting: Study centers were from Maharashtra, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Assam, Tamil Nadu and Punjab from 40 selected schools. Participant: Children aged 3-18 years were measured. Results: Data on 14339 subjects (7413 boys) were analyzed. Prevalence of obesity was 5.8% and overweight-10.6%. Overall, 1% had low (7.2 mmol/L). With increasing mean BMI, there was increase in RBG concentrations. Children from Tamil Nadu were more likely to have RBG outside reference range compared to other regions (P < 0.05). Assam and Punjab had highest prevalence of RBG and BMI within reference range. Energy intake partly explained regional variations. Multivariate analysis showed male gender, urban residency, age >10 yrs (girls) and 13 yrs (boys), and overweight or obesity were predictive of prediabetes. Conclusion: Increased prevalence of overweight, obesity and prediabetes in Indian children are a matter of concern. Regional differences suggest that strategies to prevent obesity and combat perturbations in blood sugar may have to be customized.