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Prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis is considered the leading cause of cancer death in males. Therapeutic strategies and diagnosis for stage-specific PCa have not been well understood. Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 38 (ARHGEF38) is related to tumor cell polarization and is frequently expressed in PCa. Microarray data of PCa were downloaded from GEO and TCGA databases. A total of 243 DEGs were screened, of which, 32 genes were upregulated. The results of enrichment analysis showed the participation of these DEGs in the tumor cell metastasis pathway. ARHGEF38 was significantly up-regulated in the four most prevalent cancers worldwide (p

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and effects of primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) on physical and mental health in young adults in mainland China.METHODS: An anonymous questionnaire was used to collect information including the sociodemographic characteristics, history of PNE, family history, daytime voiding symptoms, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores, Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). A total of 22,500 university students from 23 provinces and 368 cities in mainland China were included.RESULTS: In total, 21,082 questionnaires were collected, and 20,345 of them qualified for statistical analysis. The PNE prevalence was 1.17%, and the distribution of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) and nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (NMNE) was 66.1% and 33.9%, respectively. In total, 28% of respondents with PNE reported bedwetting daily, 31.6% between 1 and 7 times weekly, and 40.4% between 1 and 4 times monthly; 80% of PNE cases had no history of treatment. The prevalence of PNE in patients with a family history, frequency, urgency, urinary incontinence, and recurrent urinary tract infections was significantly higher than in those without these conditions (PCONCLUSION: In mainland China, the PNE prevalence among young adults was found to be high, and PNE had significant effects on physical and mental health. Risk factors included a family history, daytime voiding symptoms, and lack of treatment.

Background In treating highly infectious coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pneumonia, intensive care unit (ICU) nurses face a high risk of developing somatic symptom disorder (SSD).The symptom clusters in one population may show overlaps and involvements, a phenomenon that should be deliberately resolved to improve the management efficiency. Objectives The present study aims to investigate the symptoms and causes of SSD of ICU nurses treating COVID-19 pneumonia. The research results are expected to provide evidence for the establishment of a better management strategy. Methods This study enrolled a total of 140 ICU nurses who were selected by Jiangsu Province Hospital to work in Wuhan (the epicenter of the COVID-19 epidemic in China) on February 3, 2020. A questionnaire, Somatic symptom disorders for ICU nurses in Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, was designed based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to cluster the symptoms and logistic regression analysis to find the risk factors of the symptoms. Results Five major symptoms were chest discomfort and palpitation (31.4%), dyspnea (30.7%), nausea (21.4%), headache (19.3%), and dizziness (17.9%). In exploratory factor analysis, the symptoms were classified into three clusters: Cluster A of breathing and sleep disturbances (dizziness, sleepiness, and dyspnea); Cluster B of gastrointestinal complaints and pain (nausea and headache), and Cluster C of general symptoms (xerostomia, fatigue, as well as chest discomfort and palpitation). In Cluster A, urine/feces splash, sex, and sputum splash were independent predictive factors. In Cluster B, fall of protective glasses and urine/feces splash were independent predictive factors. In Cluster C, urine/feces splash and urine/feces clearance were independent predictive factors. Conclusion The ICU nurses in Wuhan showed varying and overlapping SSDs. These SSDs could be classified into three symptom clusters. Based on the characteristics of their SSDs, specific interventions could be implemented to safeguard the health of ICU nurses.

Since December 2019, a novel type of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan led to an outbreak throughout China and the rest of the world. To date, there have been more than 1,260,000 COVID-19 patients, with a mortality rate of approximately 5.44%. Studies have shown that coagulation dysfunction is a major cause of death in patients with severe COVID-19. Therefore, the People’s Liberation Army Professional Committee of Critical Care Medicine and Chinese Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis grouped experts from the frontline of the Wuhan epidemic to come together and develop an expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of coagulation dysfunction associated with a severe COVID-19 infection. This consensus includes an overview of COVID-19-related coagulation dysfunction, tests for coagulation, anticoagulation therapy, replacement therapy, supportive therapy and prevention. The consensus produced 18 recommendations which are being used to guide clinical work.

In order to study the distribution regulation of natural gas in the Ed formation of X sag, the time matching of caprock and source rock - fault in the Ed formation X sag and its control effect in the gas migration and accumulation period was studied. It is based on the study of development and evolution characteristics of source rock, fault and caprock in Ed formation. The relationship has been analyzed between the natural gas migration as well as the time matching of source rock and fault and the time matching of caprock as well as source rock and fault of accumulation and preservation of gas. The results indicate that time matching relationship of source rock and fault is the best in N2m-Q sedimentary period in Ed of X sag, then is in Ed1 sedimentary period, and the worst is Es2 and Es3 sedimentary period. N2m-Q and Ed1 sedimentary period should be the main periods of gas migration from Es3 and Es1 source rocks to overlying Ed along oil source faults. Time matching relationship of caprock, source rock, and fault in Ed of X sag is good in N2m-Q sedimentary period, and mudstone caprock of Ed3 and Ed2 can seal gas migration from Es3 and Es1 source rock to Ed formation along oil source fault, which should be the main period of gas accumulation in Ed formation. However, mudstone caprock in Ed3 and Ed2 cannot seal gas from Es3 and Es1 source rock to overlying Ed formation along oil source faults in Ed1 sedimentation period, its time matching relationship of caprock, source rock, and fault is bad, and it is not the main period of gas accumulation in Ed formation.

Aims Clinically, Cerebralcare Granule® (CG) has been widely utilized to treat various types of headache, chronic cerebral insufficiency and other diseases, and the effect is significant. Clinical studies have shown that CG can significantly relieve vascular dementia (VaD), however, the molecular mechanisms haven't been established. To clear the therapeutic mechanisms of CG against VaD, a hypothesis was proposed that CG could treat neurovascular injury by inhibiting the production of lipocalin-2 (LCN 2). Main methods 90 dementia rats were selected by water maze test and randomly divided into 6 groups, including nimodipine (NM), CG L (low dose) (0.314 g kg−1), CG H (high dose) (0.628 g kg−1), and combined group (CG + NM). And in vitro neuronal cell OGD modeling to evaluate the effect of CG on JAK2/STAT3. Key findings CG could significantly shorten the escape latency of two-vessel occlusion (2-VO) rats, increase their exploratory behavior, alleviate the symptoms of VaD and improve the ultrastructural pathological damage of neurovascular unit and accelerate the recovery of cerebral blood perfusion. CG combined with NM is better than NM alone. It was further showed that CG could inhibit the pathogenicity of LCN 2 through JAK2/STAT3 pathway and suppress the production of inflammatory cytokines. It plays a role in the protection of cerebral microvasculature and BBB in 2-VO rats. Significance Taken together, there data has supported notion that CG can protect the integrity of cerebral blood vessels and BBB and improve cognitive impairment through mainly inhibiting LCN 2, which provides scientific evidence for clinical application.

The failure modes of rock and soil under compression are complex phenomena that have not been explained in a mechanical perspective. However, large amounts of studies indicate that the failure modes of rock and soil samples can be categorized into eight types. In this work, the inner tensile stress and the dissipation and conversion of energy of rock and soil under compression are analyzed, then the effective conversion coefficient of energy is deduced, thus the tensile failure criterion of rock and soil under compression is established. Combined with the shear strength criterion of Mohr–Coulomb, a tensile joint shear strength criterion for rock and soil under compression is built. Therefore, a mechanical criterion model concerning the failure modes of rock and soil under compression is established and verified by tests. This model easily explains the test results in the existing literature and many natural phenomena, such as collapse.

Outcomes for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in various donor and recipient killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genotypes have been studied extensively. The associations between KIR2DS4 and its variant KIR1D with outcomes of HSCT from a sibling-related HLA-matched donor with KIR haplotype A have not been explored, however. To study this, we genotyped donor–recipient pairs and divided 165 recipients of HSCT from a KIR gene haplotype A donor into 3 groups: 2DS4+/2DS4+ (2 intact KIR2DS4 alleles), 2DS4+/1D+ (heterozygous), and 1D+/1D+ (homozygous for the deletion variant KIR1D). No difference in the recovery of neutrophils and platelets among the 3 groups was observed. The cumulative incidence of grade III-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) within day +100 was 28.94% in the 2DS4+/2DS4+ group, 14.11% in the 2DS4+/1D+ group, and 44.44% in the 1D+/1D+ group (P = .0159). Multivariate analysis identified 1D+/1D+ as an independent risk factor for aGVHD (hazard ratio [HR], 4.221; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.470 to 12.124; P = .007). In contrast, the cumulative incidences of chronic GVHD, 3-year cumulative relapse, and treatment-related mortality did not differ significantly among the 3 groups. The rate of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation was 46.96% in the 2DS4+/2DS4+ group, 20.16% in the 2DS4+/1D+ group, and 53.25% in the 1D+/1D+ group (P = .0017). Multivariate analysis identified 2DS4+/1D+ as an independent protective factor for CMV reactivation (HR, 0.268; 95% CI, 0.125 to 0.574; P = .001). Although overall survival (OS) did not differ among the groups in the first year, the 2DS4+/2DS4+ group had significantly better OS than the other groups after 1 year (P = .0361). In patients with advanced-stage disease, the 3-year probability of disease-free survival was 51.06% in the 2DS4+/2DS4+ group, 34.01% in the 2DS4+/1D+ group, and 0% in the 1D+/1D+ group (P = .0314). Collectively, our data suggest that the KIR 2DS4/1D allelic variance is associated with the outcome of sibling-related HLA-matched HSCT, and that donor subclassification of KIR 2DS4/1D alleles should be considered in this setting.

A pneumatic microvalve which can be used in pneumatic pressure control for lab-on-a-chip applications is presented in this paper. In order to realize a feedback control and miniaturization, a micro stepper-motor is selected to control the opening of the microvalve. After introducing the structure and working principle of the pneumatic microvalve driven by a stepper-motor, the static flow rate simulation of pneumatic stepper-motor microvalve is processed in the condition of different opening sizes of the microvalve and pressure difference over the valve. The stepper-motor microvalve is fabricated and corresponding control circuit is designed. Experiments on static and dynamic characteristics of the microvalve are carried out. Good agreement has been shown between the simulation and experimental results.

Morphing UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) change its profile to adapt for wide flight condition, and attach lots of flight tasks, so PID controller is needed to satisfy the morphing requirement of UAV. Firstly this paper shows the expression of morphing aerodynamic process. Then, characteristic values of UAV are analyzed, and PID controller is brought out to satisfy stable capacity of UAV closed system. At last, simulation is run with traditional PID controller, and the best morphing time can be got from time sets.

The morphing UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) is a tendency for the future of UAV. When UAV changes construct of wings, measure noise disturbance probably meet, then UAV bears larger change of aerodynamic force and moment, it's for morphing UAV to find a robust to fit this condition. This paper brings out LQG controller, which can solve measure noise problems and control 6 freedom affine nonlinear equations. Simulation of morphing process is realized with LQG controller, which validate the stability and robust of LQG robust controller.

This paper seeks to calculate and analyze the stealth and aerodynamics characteristics of a medium altitude long endurance (MALE) UAV. Firstly, geometry model of the UAV was established according its technical parameters by three-dimensional modeling software. In terms of electromagnetics analysis, the physical optics (PO) and the method of equivalent currents (MEC) were used as the numerical computation method, and its feasibility was verified by experiment. The main radar scattering source, scattering characteristics, polarization characteristics and RCS level were analyzed by the computation of the main components and the whole UAV under the electromagnetic bound S (3 GHz) and bound X (10 GHz). In terms of fluid analysis, the finite volume method was used to solve Navier-Stokes equations and the Spalart-Allmaras (S-A) turbulence model was applied to simulate the turbulence. The aerodynamics characteristics of lift, drag and pitch in the cruise state were calculated. The final result shows: the aerodynamic layout of high aspect ratio and approximate straight wing has good aerodynamic performance of high lift-drag ratio. The high aerodynamic efficiency of UAV makes for investigation or carrying out other tactical assignment with long endurance; however, the aerodynamic layout has the disadvantage in the stealth performance. Big leading edge radius of the low-speed aero foil and low sweptback angle of wing (and empennage) has mirror reflection, which make up of the important scattering source in the front direction of UAV. Large radius of curvature surface and small angle plane of fuselage has high scattering level in the side direction of UAV. These results may help the stealth design and research of UAV.

Using basic physical arguments, we present a design and method for the fabrication of a pneumatic micro PDMS actuator using multilayer soft lithography based on dry-film photoresist. Its novel structure consists of a three-way electromagnetic microvalve for gas flow control which is connected with gas inlet microchannel for the actuator. Then the whole system is considered as a throttle blind capacitor (TBC) model and it is used to predict the response time of the pneumatic actuator by correlating its characteristics such as gas pressurizing, air resistance and membrane deformation. For this micro actuator, upward deformation motions of actuated area are observed of actuated area under 100KPa (N2) pressure and the fast open response (~ 15 ms) was achieved at 50KPa pressure. Our method provides a simple, cheap and save-time pneumatic micro actuator which can be used in active functions, such as valves, pumps and mixers integrated on pneumatic microfluidic chips for downsizing the driving pressure and improving the whole efficiency of microchips.

The mathematic model of flapper/nozzle electrohydraulic servovalves is rearranged, many factors are reconsidered which have been omitted in the past analysis which are for the purposes of convenience or on the assumption that they are of no particular significance. According to the rearranged mathematic model, the simulation model of the servovalve is established using the Matlab/simulink software, dynamic response characteristics of the servovalve is simulated when the parameters of the discharge coefficient of nozzles and the viscous damping constant of torque motor and flapper are changed. Simulation results show that the change of the parameters influence the dynamic response of the spool displacement.

Background Cardiovascular disease is prevalent in type 2 diabetics, and microalbuminuria is associated with cardiovascular disease morbidity. We aimed to investigate the potential association between low-grade albuminuria and arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods Between 2009 and 2013, a retrospective study was performed in 578 patients with type 2 diabetes (339 male patients and 239 female patients) with normal urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratios (ACRs

In our country, English teaching has always played an important role in primary school, middle school and even higher education. Especially in primary school, it is essential to cultivate students’ basic English literacy so as to lay a solid foundation for students’ English learning in the future. However, there are many problems in the process of English teaching in primary schools. A dramatic shift in the traditional notion of primary English teaching, especially the English teaching method, is unavoidable. Additionally, it is sensible to put game into practice. Based on the analysis of current problems existing in primary English teaching as well as its negative effects from the outset, this paper demonstrated the advantages and disadvantages of games in English teaching. It also studied the effective use of games in primary English classes. By adopting the ways of literature research, exploratory research and cases study, this paper provided more options and inspirations for English learners. What’s more, the student’s learning effort and interests will be driven by both game application and proper teaching methodology.

Based on the original image of plants leaves, the edge detection method will be used to extract the geometrical morphology of leaves. The characteristic points of the contour can be calculated by Harris method. The contours of plant leaves is constructed by the quadratic B-spline interpolating curve, the leaf vein is generated by L system. The simulation of plant leaves is realized in OpenGL.

A cross-sectional analysis was performed to explore the relationship between regional body fat distribution and blood pressure in non-obese subjects with different status of blood pressure. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed to measure fat mass. Obesity was defined as present body fat ≥25% in males and ≥35% in females. The ratio of leg fat mass to total fat mass (L/T) decreased gradually while the ratio of trunk fat mass to total fat mass (Tr/T) increased gradually with the increasing blood pressure for both genders in non-obese subjects (P .01), which was consistent with the change in obese ones; and the blood pressure status in the low Tr/T + high L/T group was better than that in the high Tr/T + low L/T group, obviously. After adjustment for confounding factors, blood pressure was still positively related with Tr/T but negatively associated with L/T in non-obese groups. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that L/T was the major negative factors of blood pressure in the non-obese population. Abnormal fat distribution also exists in non-obese subjects with high blood pressure; compared to trunk fat, leg fat may be a more important factor against blood pressure.

Three kinds of electron-blocking layer(EBL) AlGaN based LED were compared numerically.They are conventional AlGaN EBL,AlGaN-GaN-AlGaN(AGA) and gradual Al composition AlGaN-GaN-AlGaN(GAGA) EBL.Their porfermance were analyzed involved carrier concentration in the active region,energy band diagram,electrostatic field and internal quantum efficiency(IQE).The results indicate that the LED with an GAGA EBL exhibits a better hole injection efficiency,a more peaceable efficiency droop,a lower electron leakage,and a smaller electrostatic field than the LED with a conventional AlGaN EBL or with an AGA EBL.

Effect of vibratory stress relief on titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V fatigue life was investigated by numerical simulation method in this paper. This paper aimed to determine whether vibratory stress relief can adversely affect fatigue life of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V or not. Firstly, the modal analysis for titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V specimen was carried out by using finite element method, then, using transient dynamic analysis method simulated specimen dynamic stress in vibratory stress relief process. Secondly, the finite element model that contained initial stress for VSR simulation was established. Vibratory stress relief was simulated by using transient dynamic analysis method. Finally, we used FE-safe software for fatigue simulation. It is concluded that titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V fatigue strength increased with amplitude, but the phenomenon “much vibration” appeared when amplitude continued to increase that led to decrease of fatigue life.

The hydropower, as the renewable energy, the development strategy of which is the important part of China’s whole energy development strategy in the 12th Five-Year Plan. The insufficient capital injection of government is the main restriction factor of the hydropower development. The paper introduces the Public-Private-Partnerships (PPP) theories and practices, combining with the situations of China’s tight financing policies, sufficient private capital stock and so on, analyses the main problems on China’s hydropower financing and then builds the PPP structure to solve the problems, expounds the advantages, supports and safeguard measures of PPP structure. The paper puts forward the ideas that considering the hydropower project is quasi commonweal infrastructure, it is necessary for the governments to give rational compensation or Taxes and dues preferential policies to the SPC in order to guarantee stable cash flow and reasonable return on investment.

A simplified model of the nano-structured polymeric surface was proposed,characterized by a one-dimensional periodic stripe patterned surface with alternate planar and homeotropic anchoring.This paper investigated the effect of both the coupling of nematic liquid crystals with alignment layer polymers and the coupling of the polymers with the substrate surface,on the anchoring of nematic liquid crystals at such a surface,using the extended anisotropic surface energy form proposed by Alexe-Ionescu et al.In our theoretical treatment,the equal anchoring strength of the two anchoring regions was assumed.The results show that the coupling of the polymer with the surface will affect the director field of the nematic,and reduce the relaxation distance as well as the total free energy of the system.

In order to understand the mechanism and get rid of the high-frequency self-excited noise in a hydraulic servo-valve, in this paper, the flow field distribution in the pilot stage of a hydraulic flapper-nozzle servo-valve is investigated. An assembly is prepared representing the construction and working principle of the flow field inside the pilot stage of a hydraulic flapper-nozzle servo-valve. A method of visualization is developed by taking videos for the flow field inside the transparent assembly with a high speed video camera. In this study, at different inlet pressure the high speed video camera was utilized for flow visualization together with computer-assisted image measurement. The shape of the jet flow, the cavitations and vortex flow inside the flow field can be visualized clearly. The proposed method enables to analyze the flow-field in the pilot stage of a hydraulic flapper-nozzle servo-valve by giving useful information for better design.

Green InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well(MQW) LEDs employing InGaN/GaN superlattice(SL) structure were studied.The distribution of indium within the MQWs is changed by inserting the InGaN/GaN SL.Meanwhile,the average indium content of MQW does not change.Two InGaN-related peaks that were clearly found in the electroluminescence(EL) and photoluminescence(PL) spectrum,which are assigned to In-rich quantum dots(QD) and the InGaN matrix,respectively.It is suggested that the carrier drifts from the InGaN matrix to the In-rich QD.It could be concluded that employing SL structures is an effective way to adjust the wavelength of InGaN/GaN MQW without introducing new defects in the MQWs.

GaN is considered as a promising material for high power,high temperature and high frequency microwave applications,due to the wide band gap,high thermal stability and high breakdown voltage.Due to lack of suited homosubstrates,GaN is currently grown on heterosubstrates where SiC is the most popular choice for commercial applications.However,it is difficult to obtain high quality GaN because of the 33.1% mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients and the large lattice mismatch(3.5%) between GaN and SiC.In this paper,GaN epitaxial layers were grown on 6H-SiC substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition.Samples employing high temperature AlN as buffer layers produce high quality GaN epitaxial layers. Five samples with different AlN buffer layers were prepared.The effects of the growth parameters of AlN buffer layers on characterizations of GaN were studied.The highest quality GaN layer grown on SiC substrate with AlN buffer was obtained by optimizing the growth parameters of the AlN buffer.The full width at half maximum of High-resolution X-ray diffraction on-axis(0002) and off-axis(1012) diffraction are 130 arcsec and 252 arcsec,respectively.The values are the best result of GaN grown on homemade 6H-SiC.The quality of GaN layers will be deteriorated by increasing the thickness or the growth Ⅴ/Ⅲ ratio of AlN buffer layers,while the low growth temperature of AlN buffers also deteriorate the quality of GaN layers.The strain in GaN also has been studied.It is found that the GaN layer with narrow XRC FWHM has less stress intensity.

To improve the cutting efficiency and the lump coal percentage of the shearer drum, a new shearer drum with variable diameter vanes was developed according to the characteristic (good at compression resisting, not good at tension resisting) of coal and similarity theory. At the same time, the analogy coal wall was developed according to the similarity theory. And then, the cutting tests were carried out on the cutting testbed of coal and rock for the new shearer drum and an existed drum. To understand both the advantages and disadvantages of the two drums, test parameters such as the cutting specific consumption, the load fluctuation, and the lump coal percentage of the drums were compared based on the same rotary speed and the initial haulage speed. And the two drums had the same vane starts, the same pick arrangement, and the number of total picks. The results indicate that the cutting lump coal percentage of the new drum is better than the existed drum and the lump percentage of the new drum increases by 3% over the existed drum. At the same time, the cutting specific consumption of the drums is nearly the same, but the load fluctuation of the new drum is bigger.

In order to predict the dynamic characteristics, the piezoelectric valve-less diffuser micropump is equivalent to the hydraulic model which consists of several hydraulic components. Using finite element analysis (FEA) method, the static analysis and the natural frequency calculation of the diaphragm are carried out. The mathematical model and the simulation method using AMESim are developed. Simulation results show the pressure and flow rate characteristics of the micropump, as well as the diaphragm stiffness influence. The agreement between the simulation results and those published previously indicates that the method combining FEA with the hydraulic analogue model provides a relatively simple and effective tool to study the dynamic characteristics of micropumps.

The Young’s modulus of cross-linked poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) surface was quantitatively investigated as a function of UV/ozone treatment time across different length scales. An AFM was used to probe PDMS surface mechanical properties at the nanometer length scale. The Young’s modulus of each sample was estimated with continuum contact mechanics theory (Sneddon method) using AFM data by employing the hyperboloid tip shape model. A custom-built ATD device (JKR method) was also used which allowed us to simultaneously monitor the load, the contact area, and the relative displacement between (a) a lens (made either of PDMS elastomer or of Si3N4) and (b) surface-treated PDMS films upon loading and unloading on the micrometer to submillimeter length scales. The modulus of PDMS increased with increasing treatment time as observed by AFM as well as by ATD, which we explained by the gradual formation of a silica-like layer. For all specimens tested, the modulus values obtained were highest from AFM, lower from ATD, and lowest from bulk tensile experiments for the same UV/ozone dose. These results demonstrate the effect of the probed length scale of the tests used to assess mechanical performance

Being as a functional material, piezoelectric ceramics is applied to drive a micropump when it is composed to be a thin membrane on a brass film to form a diaphragm. According to the properties of the piezoelectric material, the stiffness of the diaphragm influences the vibration displacement and therefore the supply flow rate of the micropump. This paper focuses on the dynamic characteristic study of the micropump and the stiffness influence of the diaphragm on the characteristics. The mathematical model of the valve-less micropump considering the diaphragm stiffness is developed in order to predict the dynamic characteristics of the piezoelectric valve-less micropump. Using the 3-D finite element analysis (FEA) method, the static and vibration mode of the diaphragm are analyzed to obtain the diaphragm stiffness and natural frequency. The method using Matlab is to predict the pressure and flow rate characteristics of the micropump when the diaphragm stiffness is considered or not. Comparison of the simulation results shows the stiffness of the diaphragm influences the dynamic characteristics of micropumps. It also shows that the method combining FEA software with Matlab provides a possible and effective tool to take the diaphragm stiffness into account when the pressure and flow rate characteristics of micropumps are studied.

AIMS Low-grade albuminuria (LGA) has been shown to be associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Our study investigated the relationship between normal urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratios (UACRs) and subclinical left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction and remodeling in diabetics and non-diabetics. METHODS A total of 888 diabetic and 208 non-diabetic patients with normal UACRs (

This paper aims to develop a three-dimensional measurement approach to investigate the flow structures of viscoelastic fluid in the curved microchannel by using digital holographic microscope (DHM). With the advantage of DHM, the real-time three-dimensional measurement for the complex flow field can be accomplished. The measurment system uses off-axis holographic / interferometric optical setup for the target, and 3D3C particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) can be achieved based on the analysis of phase information of holograms. To diagnose the chaotic flow inside the microchannel, the 3D temporal positions of tracer particles in the volume of 282μm × 282μm × 60μm have been detected and real-time velocity vectors were calculated based on the PTV algorithm. The measured flow field was then compared with the results obtained by using confocal micro particle image velocimetry (PIV). This technique is proven to be successful for the measurements of microfluidic flow, especially for the truly real-time 3D motions.Copyright © 2015 by ASME

In this paper, the three-dimensional (3D) structures of a micellar solution flow in the curvilinear microchannel have been investigated by means of confocal micro particle image velocimetry (PIV). The working fluid is aqueous solution of CTAC/NaSal (cetyltrimethylammonium / Sodium Salysilate). As the flow rate increases, the flow gradually gets into the irregular motion. It is found that the inside flow seems not completely chaotic, but in a manner of oscillation. To be specific, the flow nonlinearity grows as the flow rate increases, the inside flow shows different structures near the wall region and in the bulk due to the elongation of viscoelastic surfactant. Typically, two sub-streams were twisted together, and their flow directions change at the locations where the signs of geometric curvature change. The oscillation stripes represented the area of high extensional stress in the viscoelastic fluid, and were further identified by using polarized high-speed camera. Moreover, statistics shows that the viscoelastic flow field inside the curved microchannel shares the main features of elastic turbulence.Copyright © 2015 by ASME

Background: Searching the drug molecules from the medicinal plants become more and more popular given that herbalcomponents have been widely considered to be safe. In medical virtual plant studies, development rules are difficult to be extracted, the construction of plant organs is highly dependent on equipment and the process is complicated.Aim: To establish three-dimensional structural virtual plant growth model.Methods: The quasi-binary tree structure and its properties were obtained through the research of theory on binary tree, then the relationship between quasi-binary tree structure and plant three-dimensional branching structure model was analyzed, and the three-dimensional morphology of plants was described.Results: A three-dimensional plant branch structure pattern extracting algorithm based on quasi-binary tree structure. By using 3-D L-system method, the extracted rules were systematized, and standardized. Further more, we built a comprehensive L-model system. With the aid of graphics and PlantVR, we implemented the plant shape and 3-D structure’s reconstruction.Conclusion: Three-dimensional structure virtual plant growth model based on time- controlled L-system has been successfully established.Keywords: Drug R&D, toxicity, medical plants, fractals; L-system; quasi binary-trees.

Individual evaluation in small size groups is an important part for collaborative learning. To evaluate individual contributions, we use a comprehensive assessment method including self-evaluation and mutual-evaluation in freshmen seminar course in Southeast University of china. And the comparison and problem between self-evaluation and mutual-evaluation are presented and analyzed. Relations of the scores between leaders, members and their projects are discussed. Analysis shows that the proposed method could be an effective way to evaluate individual contributions to groups. However, the conclusion may depend strongly on the background that the course is for freshman in an engineering school.

We demonstrate the ``reversed-mode'' polymer-stabilized liquid crystal device. The incidence light goes through the film without the applied voltage and is diffracted with it. Because of relatively high liquid crystal percentage of 94%, the operating voltage of the device is less than 20 V. We explain this phenomenon using the molecular orientation model and the refractive index profile. The device can be used as display, optical switch, optical modulator and especially optical cross-connect deflector.

Summary Objectve : To study the impact of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition on immune-function and protein metabolism in postoperative patients with colorectal cancer. Methods : Forty colorectal cancer patients were randomized into two groups and were administered isonitrogenous and isocaloric parenteral nutrition with (ala-gln group) or without (TPN group) glutamine dipeptide (0.3–0.4g/kg –1 d –1 ) for 7 days postoperatively. Immune function and nitrogen balance were assessed peri-operatively. Results : Compared to a matched group of patients with gastrointestinal benign diseases (control group) colorectal cancer patients showed immune suppression preoperatively. Postoperatively, from the fourth day onwards CD4, NK cell counts, CD4/CD8 ratio and IL-2R expression were higher ( P Conclusions : Glutamine dipeptide supplementation improved immune-function and nitrogen balance in patients with colorectal cancer postoperatively.

This chapter conducted classification and evaluation on tropical sports tourism resources in Hainan by applying document literature method, questionnaire survey method, field investigation method, expert interview method, and mathematical statistical method, according to the national standard of the People’s Republic of China (GB/T 18972-2003) Investigation and Evaluation of Tourism Resources, Tourism, and Tourism Geography theories. Tropical sports tourist resources in Hainan are divided into 2 main categories, 7 sub-categories, 67 basic types, and 513 resource monomers. The author established evaluation index system of sports tourism resources, weight and scoring method, and evaluation ranking. Qualitative evaluation on tropical sports tourist resources in Hainan is as below: rich in resources, high aggregation index, complete types, and unique functions. This article set up the index system and weight and scoring evaluation grade for quantitative evaluation of sports tourism resources. By using expert scoring and calculating, the author conducted quantitative evaluation respectively on the participation type and ornamental type of sports tourism resources; the result is of practical and reasonable significance and has instructive significance on development of tropical sports tourist resources in Hainan.

On the basis of the related literature, we construct the theoretical hypotheses between core enterprise leadership style, inter-organizational trust and cooperation performance. We use the actual data of the process of the innovation cooperation in China, and do an empirical test with the help of SPSS17.0. The whole research shows that moderate transformational leadership behavior conducive to enhance the performance of cooperation; transactional leadership style and inter-organizational trust negatively related to increased cooperation performance; part of the mediating effect of inter-organizational trust exists between transformational leadership and cooperation performance.

We mix azobenzene polymer and liquid crystal in certain ratio. Then the mixture is injected into cells. Nonlinearly photoinduced birefringence takes place when linearly polarized ultraviolet is applied with the pattern photomask covering on the cells, which results in the formation of azobenzene polymer doped liquid crystal grating. The obtained grating is characterized by an optical microscope and a He–Ne laser. The results indicate that the samples have clear grating structure, and the diffraction efficiencies can be modulated by electric field. The sample driving voltage is 0.6 V/μm. It is lower than the driving voltage of holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal transmission grating and could be matched with the driving integrated circuit.

A CPS is defined as integration of computation and physical processes. In cps, downsized and embedded devices execute physical processes by monitoring and controlling entities in the physical world. Service-oriented architecture (SOA) provides the concept of packaging available functionalities as interoperable services. Services can be used to construct applications. But, in the context of cyber-physical systems, there are special characteristics and requirements. For example, physical entities are exclusive, but services can be used by several consumers at the same time through multi-threading. Lots of applications are Safety-Critical in cyber-physical systems. Taking all these characteristics and requirements into consideration, this paper introduce application rebuild framework and lease protocol into cyber-physical systems. The atomicity property of lease protocol guarantees that an application either is granted the leases for all requested services or it gets no lease at all. Applications which aren't granted the leases for all requested services will be rebuilt by application rebuild framework to ensure applications will be started in time. The architecture of cyber-physical systems proposed by this paper can improve the availability and adaptability of application. A prototype system is implemented to show the practicability of the architecture of cyber-physical systems.

To help first year students adapt to their college lives and to enhance student learning, freshman seminar courses have been popular in many advanced countries. However, seminar courses in China are still in the beginning stage and are mainly for elective courses considering the large number of students in many majors. In this paper, implementation of a new required freshman seminar course, “Introduction to learning in the specialty of electronics and information” in Southeast University, is introduced. The course is composed of three education stages, i.e., lecture, investigation and project, during which the students can have closer and closer views to the applications of electronic science and engineering, and gain in-depth experience of relevant projects step by step. In addition, by making use of flexible class forms, various teaching methods, composite evaluation methods, and collaboration of a teacher team, the seminar course has been successfully run for about 170 students for the first time.

In order to further improve the operating performance of teleoperation robot system, and give full play to the advantages of augmented reality technology, this paper presents a human-computer interaction method with multi-dimensional information in the teleoperation augmented reality scenario. This method not only synthesizes the information the operator can directly perceive, but also the information that operators can not directly perceive is also conveyed to the operator by an intuitive way, and finally establishes the multi-dimensional information interaction channel between implement-side and host-side. Firstly the composition of the model's information content, the information acquisition way, and a way to convey information of the model are analyzed, and then several aspects of visual information interaction, the show mechanism of text prompts and voice prompts, hap tic interaction method, etc are analyzed in-depth separately. Experimental results show the teleoperation augmented reality system with multi-dimensional information could increase the operating accuracy and reduce the procedure time.

Owning to the gravitational force of earth, all the vehicles must rely on road surface to move so that in vehicle driving scene emulation it must guarantee vehicle to travel on the ground and the real time reaction of ground conditions, this is so called terrain matching problem. Terrain matching algorithm of driving simulation affects the fidelity of various vehicles, the three points or four points terrain matching algorithm has the disadvantage of terrain abridging in detail such as crater and mound which jeopardizes the fidelity of driving raining simulator. Adding two points of track into the four point's terrain matching which simplify the tracked vehicle as rigid system of six supporting points. Building the model of 6 points terrain matching algorithm will improve the fidelity of simulation.

To reduce the interference and improve the weighing precision, a kind of weighing transmitter based on MSP430 Micro-Controller Unit (MCU), which is applicable to resistance strain sensor, is designed for corn yield measurement system and its hardware diagram and software design are given in detail. The design takes full advantage of 24-bit Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) ADS1232 to sample the output of weighing transducer, and weighted average method is used to process data. By comparing the results derived from weighted average method and arithmetic average method, it prove that the former is superior to the latter.