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This study provided an overview of the response of secondary school students regarding the learning from home policies in mathematics learning in four Provinces, Aceh, North Sumatra, Riau, and Jambi. Participants in this quantitative descriptive study were secondary school or equivalent students, amounting to 490 students who were selected based on convenience sampling. Data shows that only 30 percent of students who feel happy to do online mathematics learning, and as many as 62 percent of students experience obstacles on it. They are categorized into four things: Mathematical material that is very difficult to understand, there is no interaction between teacher and student as well as students and students, electricity and internet problems, and not focused on learning. While students who feel happy have a reason for the flexibility of time and place, as well as supporting social distancing recommended by the government. Then it is necessary to evaluate online mathematics learning because students' responses affect learning success. Keyword : learning mathematics from home; social distancing; student perception DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/mtk/v8i2.pp193-206

This study aims to examine the effect of managerial ownership, audit quality and audit committee on earnings management. The research was conducted at manufacturing companies in the consumer goods sector which were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018. The sampling technique used purposive sampling technique and obtained 10 companies that became samples. Hypothesis testing is done by using multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that: first, managerial ownership does not have a significant effect on earnings management. It can be seen that the t-count is smaller than the t-table (0.152 0.05. Second, audit quality affects earnings management. It can be seen that the t-count is greater than the t-table (2.274> 1.678), with a significance value of 0.028 1.6 7 8), with a significance value of 0.006

Patient safety is the basis of good health services. Knowledge of health personnel in patient safety targets consists of accurate patient identification, increased effective communication, increased safety of drugs that need to be watched, certainty in the right location, procedures, and precise patient surgery, reduction in risk of infection, reduction in risk of falling patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and the application of patient safety to health workers in the Kedaung Wetan Health Center, Tangerang City. The research method uses descriptive correlation using cross sectional approach. The population is 50 respondents. The sampling technique uses total sampling. The instrument used was a questionnaire sheet. The analysis technique above uses Univariate and Bivariate analysis. The results of the study there is a Relationship of Knowledge with the Implementation of Patient Safety in Health Officers, with the result, p value of 0.013

This article aims to examine how the management of the postgraduate library of State Islamic Institute of Kediri (IAIN Kediri) in increasing students reading interest. Technological developments have positive and negative values, especially in relation to reading interest and literacy culture. The convenience offered sometimes causes students’ reluctance to read printed books, which has been the main reference in every lecture. This article is written based on qualitative research in the form of case study, where the object of study, which is the center of discussion, is the IAIN Kediri postgraduate library. The results of the study show that the management of the Postgraduate Library of IAIN Kediri in increasing student-reading interest can be categorized into three forms. The first is to optimize services for the entire Postgraduate academic community, especially in an effort to facilitate the implementation of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education. The second is through layout settings, where it prioritizes the convenience of the academic community when doing activities in the library. Third is the diversification of collections, in which the form of library collections is not limited to collections in printed form but also granting broadest access to the academic community to explore non-printed collections such as journals and proceedings online.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the major health issues in the world. The cellular mechanism of T2DM is still not fully understood. It could be studied by using spheroid three-dimensional (3D) culture which is considered representative of the in vivo conditions. Several types of pancreatic β cell lines have been used, one of which is the insulin-GLase (iGL) cell line. This study aims to evaluate the effect of cell density and incubation time on spheroid morphology and cell viability in order to understand which one can be considered as the best option in studying T2DM using iGL cell. Spheroid was made by using the Hanging drop method. The variations of initial seeding cells were 50, 100, 200, and 400 cells/µL then incubated for 1, 2, 3, and 4 days. The evaluated parameters in this study are spheroid morphology and cell viability. Spheroid morphology was observed by using inverted phase contrast microscope integrated with camera (Nikon) and NIS-Elements Analysis D software. Cell viability was determined by using LUNA-II™ Automated Cell Counter (Logos Biosystem). The result of this study showed that spheroid in all of the group cell concentration have formed since the first day and its diameter was significantly increased on the following days (p

Liver damage can produce fibrosis condition both acute and chronic. Development of liver fibrosis in animal models is valuable information in order to gain new entities for treatment. The aim of this study is to get an optimal condition of CCl4 induction for achieving animal models of liver fibrosis. CCl4 diluted in coconut oil was administrated orally for 6 consecutive weeks. Total 25 male rats were divided into 5 treatment groups, namely, P1 was a normal group (without CCl4). P2 (CCl4 40%), 1 ml/kg bw 3 times a week. P3 (CCl4 40%), 0.5 ml/kg bw 3 times a week, P4 (CCl4 10%) 1 ml/kg bw 3 times a week, and P5 (CCl4 10%) 1 ml/kg bw twice a week. The analyzed parameters were the activity of liver enzymes, macro and microscopic liver damage, and the percentage of rat deaths. The results of this study indicated an increase in liver enzymes in all treatments which was higher than P1 (P

Background: Keloid is an abnormal wound healing process that extends beyond the site of injury. Keloid and tumor’s shared similarity of recurrence suggesting a shared underlying mechanism that involves stemness. Octamer-binding transcription factor-4 (Oct-4) and aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 (ALDH1) are stem cell stemness markers. This study aimed to analyze Oct-4 and ALDH1 expressions in keloid tissues.Methods: Samples were obtained from keloid tissue excisions from three keloid patients and post-circumcision preputial skin from three healthy donors (normal control) in accordance with the local ethical committee regulation. Total RNA was isolated using TriPure Isolation kit (Ameritech), and expressions of Oct4 and ALDH1 mRNA in keloid and preputial skin were determined by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) using Livak method.Results: The qRT-PCR analysis revealed the expressions of Oct4 and ALDH1 in keloid and preputial skin tissues. Keloid tissues exhibited lower expression levels of Oct-4 and ALDH1 than the preputial skin. The difference was statistically insignificant.Conclusion: Keloid tissues express Oct-4 and ALDH1 as stemness markers, and the stemness characteristics of keloid might be similar to a normal skin.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Presently, the reference staging system to evaluate the prognosis of HCC is The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) system. The aim of the study was to identify the comparison of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level in varying severity degree of HCC patient assessed with BCLC. Method : This retrospective observational study used patients’ medical record hospitalized for HCC between January 1 st 2015 until December 31 st 2016 in Adam Malik Hospital. From 166 HCC patients with AFP, liver function test (LFT), home sleep test (HST), ultrasonography (USG), and computerized tomography (CT) scan liver 3 phase were included in this study. The comparison of AFP in severity of HCC based on BCLC system was analyzed. Results: About 77.7% HCC patients were male. The mean age was 52 ± 13.63 years. The most cause of HCC was hepatitis B infection. Median AFP was 574.97 ng/mL. According to the BCLC staging system, 12 patients were classified as stage A (7.2%), 54 patients stage B (32.5%), 76 patients stage C (45.8%) and 24 patients stage D (14.5%). There’s significance difference value of AFP in varying stage of BCLC for HCC, which the highest value in BCLC stage D, followed by C, B and A (p = 0,001) Conclusion: There’s significance difference value of AFP in varying stage of BCLC for HCC patients.

The use of an ethnic language depends on the strength of the language and the efforts of the community to maintain its language. The study aims to describe the factors contributing to the survival of the language viewed from ethno-linguistic vitality and its vitality degree. The study was carried out in Ujung Bulu as the city of Bulukumba regency which is inhabited by various ethnic people (heterogeneous region). It is a descriptive quantitative-qualitative study applying observation, questionnaire distribution, and interview to collect data from a sample of 30 subjects selected based on age groups by means of multi-stage sampling technique. The study indicates that in the heterogeneous area proves that demography factors have insignificant contribution to the maintenance of Konjo language in the regency as indicated by regression value of demography factors p = 0.741. The statuses and institutional factors however have a significant contribution to the maintenance of the language with the values of p = 0.010 and p = 0.002 respectively. Based on the quantitative data analysis and interview as well as observation, the vitality of Konjo language in Bulukumba regency is high as indicated by the use of the language.

Local Government in Indonesia annually publishes Local Government Financial Statements (LGFS) for helping their stakeholders in making decisions. Audit Opinion of the LGFS for counties and cities in East Java Province during the last 8 years (2006-2013) showed a quite astonishing result. From all of 301 financial statements, only 45 LGFS (14.95%) obtained Unqualified Opinion, other financial statements (256 or 85.05%) received Non-Unqualified Opinion. This study aims to analyze the accounts and problems in the accounts which cause LGFS obtain Non-Unqualified Opinion. Using content analysis with NVIVO10 applications, this study analyzed 256 audit opinions of the LGFS of counties and cities in East Java during 2006-2013 that obtained Non-Unqualified Opinion to identify the accounts and problems in the accounts which cause LGFS obtain Non-Unqualified Opinion. The results showed that the most frequent accounts as an exception in the audit opinion are the accounts on Budget Realization Report (BR) with the frequency of occurrence as much as 6628 times. The Balance Sheet (BS) accounts was at the second place with the total frequency of occurrence 4206 times. And last, there was a Cash Flow Statement (CF) account with the frequency of occurrence as much as 693 times. In BR, the most frequent account which appears as an exception is spending account (as much as 4198 times), while the assets are the most frequent accounts as an exception in the Balance Sheet (as much as 4206 times). The problem with the accounts that often appear as an exception was mainly due to the weakness of the Internal Control System (ICS), followed by non-compliance with the provisions of law and the last problem is in-economies, inefficiency and ineffectiveness.

The growth of tumour cells is closely related to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) present within their microenvironment. CAFs, the most abundant cells in tumour stroma, secrete growth factors that play pivotal roles in tumour cell proliferation, metabolism, angiogenesis and metastasis. Tumour cells adapt to rapid environmental changes from normoxia to hypoxia through metabolic interplay with CAFs. In this mini review, we discuss the role of lactate dehydrogenases (LDHs) and monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) on the metabolic interplay between tumour cells and CAFs under hypoxia compared to normoxia. The LDHs catalyse the interchange of lactate and pyruvate, whereas MCTs facilitate the influx and efflux of monocarboxylates, especially lactate and pyruvate. To sum up, tumour cells switch their metabolic state between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation through metabolic interplay with CAFs, which exhibit the Warburg effect under hypoxia and reverse Warburg effect under normoxia.

Hiperuresemia prevalence tends to increase in society. A combined extract of Uncaria gambir (gambir) and Caesalinia sappan (secang), had been proven to reduce blood uric acid level in vivo. This study aimed to evaluate the subchronic toxicity of this combination in male and female Sprague Dawley rat strain. Animals were randomly grouped into four groups, namely, DOSE-1 (75 mg/kg bw), DOSE-2 (300 mg/kg bw), DOSE-3 (1200 mg/kg bw) and control group gavaged with carrier. The tested sample was given for 7 weeks orally. The result of blood biochemical parameters were not different significantly compared to control (p> 0.05), as well as the results of hematology analysis. However, the NEUT level of female of DOSIS-2 showed lower and significantly different compared to control (p 0,05). Furthermore, this dose did not influence feed intake and body weight of animals in each sex. From this study, it could be concluded that the combination administrated at the dose of 75 mg/kg bw for 7 consecutive weeks did not affect blood biochemistry and hematology and also organ histopathology of kidney, liver, heart, small intestine, and stomach.

Lore Lindu National Park in Central Sulawesi is one of the protected areas. Although it is protected, many of its areas are experiencing pressure and disruption by human activities. The purpose of this research was to know the relationship between farmers’ income and land cover change at Lore Lindu National Park. The research method was a participatory survey. Variables of incomes were sourced from farming and outside farming (forests). Data of land cover change were obtained using imagery in 2012, 2014 and 2016. The result of research is the average of farming income of IDR 1,387,077 (cocoa farming) and non-farm income of IDR 854,819 (forest honey, resin). In the last five years (2012-2016), the primary forest area decreased by 902.37 ha, while the secondary forest has shown an increase of 2,233.61 ha. The trend of land cover change was drastic, with change in the secondary dry land forest area from 6.9 ha (in 2012) to 2,240.5 ha (in 2016). The increased secondary forest area and the secondary forests have been converted into agricultural land and mixed gardens.