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Background A sense of parental competence and satisfaction during the transition to parenthood can have a tremendous impact on the quality of parenting behaviors, with social support being an important facilitator. Aim To examine parental role competence and satisfaction of Chinese mothers and fathers in the early postpartum period with regard to social support. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in a regional teaching hospital in Guangzhou, China. The study was conducted between June 5 and November 16, 2015. One hundred and eighty parental pairs at 6–8 weeks after birth completed the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale, and socio-demographic questionnaires. Results Parental role competence and satisfaction of Chinese mothers and fathers were at a moderate level, affected each other and there were no significant differences between the mothers and the fathers. The Competence Scale scores had a significant positive correlation with social support. Multiple regression analysis revealed two variables that predicted maternal Competence Scale scores: maternal social support and the paternal Competence Scale scores. Paternal social support and maternal Competence Scale scores contributed significantly to paternal Competence Scale scores. Conclusion Parental role competence and satisfaction of mothers and fathers were at a moderate level and affected by the parenting partner. To improve parental role competence and satisfaction, health care professionals should develop strategies that impact the whole family and not just a single individual. Supportive parenting programs should be implemented for both mothers and fathers.

Underwater acoustic absorption metasurfaces (UAAMs), featured with artificial periodic unit cells as acoustic micro-absorbers, are crucial for the enhancement of the underwater stealth, energy transition, sonar detection, etc. How to implement the acoustic metasurfaces for practical engineering applications requires the support of efficient manufacturing techniques. Here we present a simple way of laser texturing for fabrication of the patterned superhydrophobic surface on glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP). Unlike the traditional acoustic absorbing material whose thickness should match the corresponding wavelength, the laser textured superhydrophobic micro-grooves have thickness less than the absorption sound wavelength by 2–3 orders of magnitude but promisingly demonstrate over 88% of the underwater incident acoustic power absorption from 50 kHz to 250 kHz. The physical mechanism of the UAAM ascribes to the multiple interface scattering effect induced by the air layer between water and superhydrophobic micro-nano structures.

Reliability assessment is the key to ensure the security of power system, however, the rapid development of "source-network-load-storage" cause enormous obstacle to the traditional reliability method. A improved method for reliability assessment of generation and transmission systems is proposed in this paper which lays importance on the coordinate operation and uncertainty of "source-network-load-storage". Firstly, the reliability and operation model of "source-network-load- storage" is proposed to handle certain novel elements. Then the reliability assessment with operation simulation is proposed to make balance between generation and load under uncertainty. Finally, numerical analysis focusing on the different form and proportion of "source-network-load-storage" is tested in IEEE RTS-79 system so as to demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness of the improved method.

In this study, computer vision was used for the identification and classification of fungi on moldy paddy. To develop a rapid and efficient method for the classification of common fungal species found in stored paddy, computer vision was used to acquire images of individual colonies of growing fungi for three consecutive days. After image processing, the color, shape, and texture features were acquired and used in a subsequent discriminant analysis. Both linear (i.e., linear discriminant analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis) and nonlinear (i.e., random forest and support vector machine [SVM]) pattern recognition models were employed for the classification of fungal colonies, and the results were compared. The results indicate that when using all of the features for three consecutive days, the performance of the nonlinear tools was superior to that of the linear tools, especially in the case of the SVM models, which achieved an accuracy of 100% on the calibration sets and an accuracy of 93.2% to 97.6% on the prediction sets. After sequential selection of projection algorithm, ten common features were selected for building the classification models. The results showed that the SVM model achieved an overall accuracy of 95.6%, 98.3%, and 99.0% on the prediction sets on days 2, 3, and 4, respectively. This work demonstrated that computer vision with several features is suitable for the identification and classification of fungi on moldy paddy based on the form of the individual colonies at an early growth stage during paddy storage. Keywords: Classification, Computer vision, Fungal colony, Feature selection, SVM.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture analgesia (AA) compared with combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) for labor pain relief and labor outcomes. Methods We evaluated 131 primiparous women who received respiratory guidance during maternal uterine contractions and received either AA (n = 43), CSEA (n = 45), or no additional treatment (control, n = 43). The groups were compared regarding visual analog scale (VAS) scores for abdominal and back pain, and labor outcomes. Results The abdominal VAS scores of the AA and CSEA groups were significantly lower than that of the control group. In addition, the VAS scores of the CSEA group were significantly lower than that of the AA group at 10 and 60 min after intervention. The back pain VAS scores of the AA and CSEA groups were significantly lower than that of the control group at 5, 10, and 60 min after intervention. The duration of the active phase of labor in the CSEA group was significantly longer than that of the AA and control groups. The rates of oxytocin use (4.70%), urinary retention (4.70%), and postpartum hemorrhage (273.72 ± 53.63 mL) in the AA group were significantly lower than in the CSEA group (46.70%, 24.20%, and 320.00 ± 85.60 mL, respectively). Conclusion Both AA and CSEA were effective for labor pain relief, CSEA provided more effective pain relief, while AA was associated with a shorter duration of labor and fewer adverse effects.and each has its advantages and disadvantages.

After large-scale access to distributed generation of new energy generation in urban AC/DC distribution network, its own randomness and uncertainty affect the supply-demand balance mechanism of distribution network. Therefore, this paper studies the power exchange flexibility optimization method of urban AC/DC distribution network to provide reference for the operation and scheduling of distribution network and main network. First, the active power exchange model of distribution network is established, the extreme value of power exchange of distribution network is obtained, and the flexible range of exchange power is calculated. Next, the flexibility evaluation index is established, and the operation characteristics of energy storage are transformed to complete the research on power exchange flexibility optimization of urban AC/DC distribution network. Through the actual example analysis, the results show that after the optimization of the design method, the net load curve is smoother, the effect of reducing the peak valley difference is more significant, and the overall curve is relatively smooth, which shows that the design method has certain effectiveness.

Digital signal processing on high-performance computing platform based on general-purpose processor is one of the development directions of software-defined radio, which provides a new idea for the signal combining of large-scale antenna array. In this paper, two parallel implementations of SUMPLE combined algorithm are proposed, which are multi-antenna-group method (MAGM) based on task decomposition principle and multi-signal-block method (MSBM) based on data decomposition principle. The processing capability and real-time performance of the two methods are analyzed in detail. Results show that MAGM is not suitable for the high-performance computing platform because of large and frequent data transmissions from central processing unit (CPU) to graphics processing unit (GPU). The traditional iterative method of SUMPLE cannot be applied to MSBM due to the dependencies among signal blocks.

The aquaculture industry is being pushed into deeper waters, to accommodate the increasing demand for seafood worldwide and the lack of nearshore sites: aquaculture systems for farther, harsher conditions are now being proposed. The Blue Growth initiative by the European Union is also tuned in the same direction, with the focus being on developing ocean based resources, including energy and aquaculture, and finding synergies among them. The present work proposes a novel multi-purpose platform (MPP), by retrofitting a feed barge with a small wind turbine and energy storage system, able to provide sustainable energy to a reference offshore aquaculture farm. The requirements and constraints for such hybrid system are defined, as well as a set of keys load cases, and its performance are analysed in the frequency domain. Wave loads are modelled using linear potential theory, while from an aerodynamic point of view, only the maximum thrust at the wind turbine hub level is considered in the static stability analysis. With reference to stability criteria and dynamic analysis in frequency domain, the suitability of the proposed MPP to act as a source of feed storage and energy supply is established, showing this as a potentially suitable solution.

This paper presented a multistage mixed-integer second order conic programming (MISOCP) model for the coordinate planning of distributed generation (DG) and distribution network. Aimed at minimizing the present value of total construction costs and operation costs in the county grid with high DG penetration, following factors are considered: 1) reconfiguration of the distribution network in different scenarios; 2) reverse power injected to the grid; 3) expansion alternatives of feeders and substations. The proposed model uses second order conic relaxation as an approximation of quadratic constraints. Effectiveness of the model was tested on the JinZhai distribution network, which is a practical network with a large-scale integration of photovoltaic DGs. Results of DG planning and coordinate planning were simulated and compared.

More than 60% commonly used pharmaceutical active ingredients are chiral compounds. Developing more effective and safe chiral compounds has become a focus in the pharmaceutical industry. Chiral compounds widely exist in traditional Chinese medicine and include alkaloids, flavonoids, volatile oils, and amino acids. The characterization of chiral compounds used in traditional Chinese medicine remains limited. Here, the characterization of chiral compounds commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine is reviewed focusing upon their separation and pharmacology.

A localization algorithm, which combines Hough transform and a modified high-order ambiguous function (MHAF) process, is proposed to precisely track multiple moving targets by dual-frequency continuous-wave through-wall radar (DF-CW TWR). To avoid the cross-term interference, a Hough-based separation method, which uses a novel progressive geometrical model, is first applied to decompose the echo. Then, an MHAF method is applied to real-time estimate the target instantaneous frequency. Finally, the target trajectories are synthesized based on the estimation results.

The energy storage system is an indispensable component of the Mircogrid. It can be used to satisfy power quality requirement, to provide urgent power supply and suppress power fluctuation of renewable power generation. Battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is an effective way to suppress power fluctuation of photovoltaic power generation system during radiation change. This paper focuses on the power sharing problem between energy-density and power-density components of the HESS. First, a hierarchical power allocation strategy is proposed to optimize the response frequency as well as state-of-charge (SOC) of supercapacitors. Second, the design of the low pass filter with time constant adjustment module, the over-charging /discharging protection module and maximal power control module are introduced. Finally, The simulation results proved the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.

The energy storage system can effectively reduce the volatility caused by more and more renewable energy sources in the power grid, improve the utilization rate of renewable energy and the stability of system. In this paper, the optimized operation mode and capacity configuration method of pumped storage station in a renewable energy grid are studied by taking the practical energy storage facility as an example. The pumped storage station is operated under its capacity constraints, and it is divided into the energy storage condition and the power generation condition by positive or negative of the unbalanced power in the grid. On this basis, this paper puts forward the way of the pumped storage station participating in the power grid generation plan: Pumped storage station does not participate in the actual day-ahead power generation plan only plays a reserve role, in the real-time generation plan, the pumped storage station is preferentially called to equilibrium the deviation between day-ahead forecast value and real-time forecast value of equivalent load. The mathematical model of this method and the optimization method are also given. In addition, the capacity of pumped storage station is planned and designed by the method of probability statistics. Finally, through the analysis of the simple system with four elements and single busbar, the feasibility of the optimized operation mode is verified, and the sensitivity of the capacity of the pumped storage station is discussed qualitatively based on the operating cost of the conventional power grid.

One of the most challenging problems in computer security is formalization of vulnerabilities, exploits, mitigations and their relationship. In spite of various existing researches and theories, a mathematical model that can be used to quantitatively represent and analyze exploit complexity and mitigation effectiveness is still in absence. In this work, we introduce a novel way of modeling exploits and mitigation techniques with mathematical concepts from set theory and big O notation. The proposed model establishes formulaic relationships between exploit primitives and exploit objectives, and enables the quantitative evaluation of vulnerabilities and security features in a system. We demonstrate the application of this model with two real world mitigation techniques. It serves as the first step toward a comprehensive mathematical understanding and modeling of exploitations and mitigations, which will largely benefit and facilitate the practice of system security assessment.

Signal processing on multi-core Central Processing Unit (CPU) is one of the directions of software radio development. It is necessary to study the parallelization method of signal processing algorithm to make full use of multi-core CPU. Computational decomposition method is applicable to most highly serial signal processing algorithms, and its implementation method is multi-core pipeline. The real-time performance of multi-core pipeline and serial method is analyzed and compared, and a distributed adaptive thread synchronization method is studied. Combined with practical signal processing, the real-time performance of serial method and multi-core pipeline is tested, results show that throughput rate of multi-core pipeline is 2.1 times that of serial method, the processing power is greatly improved.

Digital signal processing on the CPU-GPU platform has advantages of flexibility, scalability and easy maintenance. The powerful parallel processing capability of the CPU-GPU platform makes it inherently advantageous in high-speed signal processing. A hierarchical parallel processing architecture (HPPA) is proposed. This architecture uses a block processing technique different from stream processing used by field programmable gate array (FPGA). The main components are designed and the real-time performance of the architecture is analyzed. Conclusions can be used to determine the number of processing branches to ensure the real-time performance of the system.

Natural frequencies of the tripod are generally taken as the primary indicators of dynamic response, and pile soil interaction (PSI) will affect the natural frequency. To simulate PSI behaviour, P-Y method and simplified method are compared in a case study of tripod of 3 MW OWT in China to define the applicable clamped length in simplified method, the results demonstrate that 6 times of anchor pile diameter is suitable for simulating frequency of the tripod in the specific location. The effects of geometries and material properties of tripod on natural frequency are investigated using random finite element method considering uncertainties in the design variables and materials. It highlights a reasonable engineering judgment and understanding for structural design of tripod foundation and develops a more effective approach to regulate the design once the structures cannot meet the requirement in preliminary design.

Biomass direct combustion for electricity is the most widely applied and developed biomass conversion and utilization technology, but due to the high content of alkali metals, it will cause deposition and high temperature corrosion of heating surfaces in boiler during biomass combustion, thus reduces the efficiency and influences the long-time safe operation of the boiler. Alkali metals problem especially deposition and high temperature corrosion is urgently need to be solved. A review of literature indicates ash deposition and high temperature corrosion of heating surfaces in biomass-fired boilers, combined engineering practice with experimental study, explored the mechanism of deposition build-up and high temperature.

In order to meet the needs of linear long distance wireless sensor network environment, a linear long distance wireless sensor network communication protocol is designed. In this paper, we design a architecture of "port number mapping method", analyze and study the discrete asymmetry of linear network energy consumption. Linear long distance frequency hopping algorithm for wireless sensor network is researched. Ultimately, we achieve a linear long-distance wireless sensor network system which can provide more applications.

An underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) has multiple functions in ocean survey. A kind of UWSN has been proposed by Zhejiang University. In this paper the CFD method is utilized to verify the ability of a node to adjust its posture in deploying and recovering process. The minimum depth and the minimum time for a node to adjust itself to vertical were obtained in different initial inclined angles and different ocean current velocities. The different initial inclined angles were chosen as 45 degree, 60 degree and 90 degree. The different ocean current velocities were chosen as 0.5m/s and 1m/s according to the actual sea conditions around the Zhoushan Island. The minimum rising height and the minimum time for the retrievable cabin to turn 180 degree were obtained in still water. The purpose of the retrievable cabin to turn 180 degree is to keep antenna upright on the ocean surface. Because the antenna was installed on the bottom of the retrievable cabin. These results show that the design of the UWSN node is reliable as to the scheme of the node to deployment and recovery.

As an economical and easy deployment wave energy converter (WEC), oscillating bodies WEC is gained more and more attention, and it has great significance of research, especially on supplying power for buoy observation and underwater sensor network. Hybrid wave energy converter, it also named combined mode wave energy converter, can capture the kinetic energy of multiple degrees of freedom of an oscillating body. This paper presents a design of hybrid wave energy converter equipped with a hydraulic power take-off (PTO) unit, and builds the mathematical model of the hydraulic PTO circuit. According to the result of the numerical simulation of the hydraulic circuit, a steady system pressure and an essentially constant motor speed can be obtained with the help of accumulators. More cylinders than one are applied in the hydraulic circuit, and the relative spatial positions of the cylinders will affect the stability of the system pressure. Additionally, the stability of hydraulic system pressure is influenced also by the size of the accumulator and the number of the cylinders.

This paper presents a new type of modular wave energy generation platform model which is based on wave energy conversion system and offshore platform. In this paper, a hydrodynamic analysis commercial software was used to analyze motion responses to different wave conditions at the joints of each two unit modules of this platform in irregular waves. This wave energy generation device mainly has two kinds of working states: generating state and platform-working state, though this article only considered the former state. Results of simulation analysis were used to establish a quantitative model between the relative angular velocity and power generation efficiency of unit. The results demonstrate that the amplitude of angular velocity becomes larger while the wavelength and wave height increases. It is also demonstrated that there will be a resonance phenomenon when the wavelength is close to the feature size of the floating body. Furthermore, the power generation efficiency presents the characteristics of periodicity and attenuation gradually over time.

Effect of vibratory stress relief on titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V fatigue life was investigated by numerical simulation method in this paper. This paper aimed to determine whether vibratory stress relief can adversely affect fatigue life of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V or not. Firstly, the modal analysis for titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V specimen was carried out by using finite element method, then, using transient dynamic analysis method simulated specimen dynamic stress in vibratory stress relief process. Secondly, the finite element model that contained initial stress for VSR simulation was established. Vibratory stress relief was simulated by using transient dynamic analysis method. Finally, we used FE-safe software for fatigue simulation. It is concluded that titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V fatigue strength increased with amplitude, but the phenomenon “much vibration” appeared when amplitude continued to increase that led to decrease of fatigue life.

Light scattered from the imperfect surface of a primary mirror in a reflective optical system will result in the in-field stray light and reduce the image contrast.This paper presents a simple method to process the scattering of the primary mirror.A Harvey Bidirectional Scatter Distribution Function(BSDF) model is used to characterize the angular distribution of scattered light from the mirror,and the scattering distribution at the focal plane of the primary mirror is derived.The characteristic radius centered by the image point can be achieved when the intensity of scattering equals that of diffraction.It is found that for the given optical system,the characteristic radius only depends on the scattering characteristic of the primary mirror.The intensity distribution at the focal plane is divided into two regions by the characteristic radius.The intensity of diffraction is larger than that of scattering intensity,which makes the dominant contribution to the saturation effect when the distance from the image point is less than the characteristic radius,conversely,the scattering is the main factor to the saturation effect when the distance from the image point is larger than the characteristic radius.For a primary mirror with a focal length of-757 mm,an radius of 115 mm and the rms roughness of 10 nm at the wavelength of 550 nm,the characteristic radius is 0.843 mm approximately.These conclusions are conductive to the analyzing and explaining of the saturation effects in an optical system irradiated by a intense light.

To improve the performance of image transmission systems on optical electronic theodolites,the Rocket IO IP core based on a Field Programming Gate Array(FPGA) is designed to accomplish the interfaces conversion between parallel camera link and serial optical module.It uses a custom image transmission protocol to build a platform to interconnects the image transmission system with various subsystems.Using this optical fiber transmission channel,the system realizes high-speed real-time image transmmision down to a machine for processing,displaying and recording.It can also compound and transmit commands and synchronization timing up to the camera.This paper describes the system architecture,the software and hardware design for the sender,and receiver,and the key technologies for the system,and introduces attributes of Rocket IO,transceiver state machines for data-packets and the image transmission protocol.The experimental results indicate that the system will operate at a rate up 2.5 Gb/s,the transmission link is stable,reliable with no error codes.As the protocol is open-source,users can use the serial data directly.This design breaks through the limitations of traditional optical fiber transmission protocol,and reduces the amount of wiring.The advantages of this system is high bandwidth,high quality images and high anti-jamming level.After a validation test,the system has been applied to various projects.

In order to improve the uniformity of the LCD backlight,a kind of plano-concave lens array was used in straight down type LCD backlight module instead of the diffusion films.For 106.68 mm(42 in) LCD monitor LED backlight,the illuminance distribution was simulated,and the optimized lens radius,structure,distance of LED array were determined.The effect of different lens radius and lens array position on the uniformity of backlight was also discussed.The results show that the plano-concave lens array can diffuses lights better when the radius of lens is 1 mm and the thickness of lens is 2 mm,the uniformity of light reaches 88.61%.

Gold disk targets were irradiated using focusing and beam smoothing methods on Xingguang (XG-II) laser facilities with 350 nm wavelength, 0.6 ns pulse width and 20–80 Joules energies. Laser absorption, light scattering and X-ray conversion were experimentally investigated. The experimental results showed that laser absorption and scattered light were about 90% and 10%, respectively, under focusing irradiation, but the laser absorption increased 5%–10% and the scattered light about 1% under the condition of beam smoothing. Compared with the case of focusing irradiation, the laser absorption was effectively improved and the scattered light remarkably dropped under uniform irradiation; then due to the decrease in laser intensity, X-ray conversion increased. This is highly advantageous to the inertial confinement fusion. However, X-ray conversion mechanism basically did not change and X-ray conversion efficiency under beam smoothing and focusing irradiation was basically the same.

We have carried out the hohlraum experiments about radiation temperature scaling on the Shenguang-II (SG-II) laser facility with eight laser beams of 0.35 μm, pulse duration of about 1.0 ns and total energy of 2000 J. The reradiated x-ray flux through the laser entrance hole was measured using a soft x-ray spectrometer. The measured peak radiation temperature was 170 eV for the standard hohlraum and 150 eV for the 1.5-scaled one. We have derived the radiation temperature scaling law, in which the laser hohlraum coupling efficiency is included. With an appropriate coupling efficiency, the coincidences between experimental and scaling hohlraum radiation temperatures are rather good.

The propagation of a supersonic heat-wave through copper-doped foam with a density of 50 mg/cm3 was experimentally investigated. The wave is driven by 140 eV Holhraum radiations generated in a cylindrical gold cavity heated by a 2 kJ, 1ns laser pulse (0.35 μm). The delayed breakout time of the radiation waves from the rear side of the foam is measured by a three-chromatic streaked x-ray spectrometer (TCS) consisting of a set of three-imaging pinholes and an array of three transmission gratings coupled with an x-ray streak camera (XSC). With one shot, simultaneous measurements of the delays of the drive source and the radiation with two different energies (210 eV, 840 eV) through the foam have been made for the first time. The experimental results indicate that the time delays vary with photon energies. The radiation with an energy of 210 eV propagates at a lower velocity. The radiating heat wave propagates with a velocity that is larger than the sound speed. Using TGS, the transmitting spectrum was measured, and then lower limit of the optical depth which is more than 1, was obtained. The experimental data were in agreement with numerical simulations.

This paper presents a novel voltage balancing modulation scheme based on the popular PSC-PWM strategy for cascaded multilevel STATCOMs. Analyzing on adjustments of the carriers in PSC-PWM, the proposed method more flexibly balances the DC-voltages from the charging process, and has no requirements for extra circuits or PI controllers. Finally, a 25-level cascaded STATCOM is constructed and tested. The proposed method solves the DC-voltage balancing problems that usually arise in the cascaded multilevel STATCOM operations, and its features and superiority are demonstrated.

There are a lot of variable factor in Liquid hydrogen filling system-related risks of spaceport. This paper regards liquid hydrogen filling system as a study object, using RFRM method. Through the six main analyses phase of the eight stages of RFRM method, it conducts a risk analysis of the system, and reaches the level of risk in different circumstances. In order to make effective and meaningful assessment results, risk assessment and risk management must be an integral part of overall management of the system, and make the appropriate control and management, for achieving the purpose of harm reduction.

In this paper, we introduce some external parameters to attempt to build a suitable standard and to increase automation for quality evaluation of the CBERS-02B high spatial resolution image. The image quality of CBERS-02B was compared with SPOT-5 and P5 satellite in two ways of subjective evaluation and external evaluation. The subjective results show that the quality of SPOT-5 is better than CBERS-02B and P5, and the quality of CBERS-02B is similar to P5 for most land-cover types. The external evaluation gives us quantitative image quality. From the results, the subjective evaluation and the external evaluation are matched pretty well. The parameters introduced in this work are useful to quantitatively evaluate the image quality.

As a nascent method of multi-criteria decision-making with uncertainty, DS/AHP is similar to the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in structure and its analytic processes are based on Dempster-Shafer (DS) theory. However, it is unsuitable to deal with the multi-attribute decision making with incomplete information, especially the attributes with missing values. In this paper, a new method for multiple-attribute decision making based on ER-AHP has been proposed, which incorporates the Evidential Reasoning(ER) algorithm with AHP. Firstly, each alternative is compared with the negative ideal alternative under an attribute to form the decision table by experts. Then a new basic probability assignment function (BPA) is constructed to express the incomplete information and some properties of the function are proved. After then, based on the results of aggregation which combines the attributes of each alternative by the ER algorithm, the alternatives are sorted and selected. Finally, the ER-AHP is compared with the DS / AHP through a numerical example.

The ADS40 is airborne three-line-push broom imaging sensor integrated with POS, which developed by L. H. Corporation. Due to the accuracy of POS, especially the accuracy of orientation cannot meet the requirement for large scale mapping. This paper provides mathematical model for POS data calibration using a few GCPs. The experiment result verified that the accuracy of the direct Georeferencing using calibrated POS data and bundle block adjustment is very close.