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A diverse medical workforce is pivotal for the provision of high-quality healthcare services to the US population.1 Currently, women comprise 50% of all medical students in the United States, whereas only 35.2% of the physician workforce is represented by women.2 The under-represented minority (URM) physicians are significantly lower in number compared to the White physicians.1 Women and the URM workforce are less represented at leadership and faculty levels.3 Although female residents have gradually increased, recruitment of URM residents in psychiatry continues to be low.3 The field of child and adolescent psychiatry has faced numerous challenges in recruitment and representation of URM residents.4 In 2017, among 134 child and adolescent psychiatry programs, 535 fellows (64.5%) were women.5 Considering racial trends, there were 383 White, 282 Asian, 78 African American/Black, and 2 American Indian child and adolescent psychiatry fellows.5.

Diversity provides better patient outcomes, reduces physician burnout, and therefore lessens the burden of the healthcare system. In this study, we explore the gender and racial trends in the recruitment of medical graduates into US psychiatry residency programs. Retrospective data analysis was performed utilizing the data from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Data's annual Resource Books from the year 2007 to 2018. Demographic data, including gender and race, were extracted for psychiatry residents. Gender was categorized as Male, Female, and Not Reported. Race/ethnicity was categorized as White (Non-Hispanic), Asian/Pacific Islander, Hispanic, Black/African-American (Non-Hispanic), Native American/Alaskan, Others (not in the aforementioned categories), and Unknown. Female psychiatry residents relatively decreased by 2.6% whereas male psychiatry residents relatively increased by 15.5% from 2007 to 2018. Between the years 2011 and 2018, there was a relative increase in African American/Black and Native American/Alaskan psychiatry residents by 5.5% and 1%, respectively, whereas the Asian/Pacific Islanders, White (Non-Hispanic), and Hispanic/Latino psychiatry residents relatively decreased by 5.1%, 2.3%, and 1.7%, respectively. Despite the overall increase of women and ethnic minorities in US medical schools, women and racial minorities remain significantly under-represented in psychiatry residency programs in the US.

Objectives The National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is the world's largest funding source for research, offers various types of competitive grants depending on the duration, research type, and budget. The Research Project Grant (RPG) is the oldest mechanism for grant allocation that is used by the NIH. In this study, we explored the gender trends of NIH RPGs and R01 grants over the last two decades. Methods By utilizing the NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tool (RePORT), data for gender were extracted, and the percentage of women as RPGs Investigators, R01-equivalent grant including R01 type 1 and type 2 grant awardees, from 1998 to 2019 were tabulated. The absolute change was calculated. Results From 1998 to 2019, the percentage of female RPG awardees has increased. However, the success rates for female RPG applicants have decreased during the same period. The funding and success rates for new R01 awards have been similar for both men and women, but women have been less successful at the renewal of R01-equivalent awards. Conclusion Gender disparity exists in awardees of higher RPGs, including the R01 award. This highlights the need for further actions to ensure gender parity in grant allocations at the NIH.

The skin provides a protective barrier to the body against the environment. Ineffective healing of damaged skin can cause a chronic wound which would increase the risk of infection and associated complications. The use of wound dressings to protect the wound and provide an optimal environment for wound repair is a common practice in the burn clinic. While traditional wound healing dressings have substantially changed the wound outcome, wound healing complications are still a challenge to healthcare. Advancements in tissue engineering, biomaterial sciences, and stem cell biology led to the development of novel dressings that not only dress the wounds but also actively contribute to the process of healing. This review discusses the various properties of the emerging wound dressings that are designed in attempts to improve wound care upon skin injury.

Objectives: The global crisis of COVID-19 demanded that schools adapt to online education at an unprecedented pace. Remote learning has followed social distancing protocols and helped in continuation of education. However, in children with mental health disorders (C-MHD), the outcomes of online learning are not similar to normal individuals. The primary objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of psychological distress of transitioning to remote learning in C-MHD. The secondary objective is to provide directions to increase student satisfaction for online education. Methods: An IRB-approved cross-sectional analysis was done on children aged 5 to 17 years (N = 172), including 87 boys (50.6%) and 85 girls (49.4%), from January to May 2021, at South Bronx Community Hospital, NY. A total of 111 children were Hispanic (65%) and 53 were African American (31%). Structured questionnaires were used by residents/fellows to determine effects of remote learning on children. A χ2 test was used to analyze the data, and p values were calculated across the variables of remote learning and psychiatric diagnosis of MDD, ADHD, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Results: Our analysis showed that 105 (61%) of C-MHD students struggled to learn remotely compared to in-person learning (more children with MDD [20.35%, p < 0.05] as compared to GAD and ADHD). Due to long screen hours, more felt distracted (37%) than tired (14.5%). More felt sad (17%) than happy (0.06%), and 21.5% felt anxious. More children with GAD (42% vs 27%) as compared to MDD (35% vs 24%), rated e-learning as good. More children with ADHD (35% vs 30.6%) did not like e-learning. More children with MDD (26%, p < 0.05) reported feeling safe from COVID-19 in e-learning than did children with GAD (23%) and ADHD (17%). Conclusions: During the pandemic, C-MHD patients presenting to the emergency department with anxiety, aggression, and irritability have increased dramatically, where one of the main precipitating stressors was the inability to transition to remote learning. Online education during the pandemic has caused severe psychological and behavioral impacts on children. Student satisfaction will increase if streamlined digital processes and personalized support systems are fully integrated. SC, SAC, COMP