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Ischemic stroke is still a serious threat to human life and health, but there are few therapeutic options available to treat stroke because of limited blood-brain penetration. The development of nanotechnology may overcome some of the problems related to traditional drug development. In this review, we focus on the potential applications of nanotechnology in stroke. First, we will discuss the main molecular pathological mechanisms of ischemic stroke to develop a targeted strategy. Second, considering the important role of the blood-brain barrier in stroke treatment, we also delve mechanisms by which the blood-brain barrier protects the brain, and the reasons why the therapeutics must pass through the blood-brain barrier to achieve efficacy. Lastly, we provide a comprehensive review related to the application of nanomaterials to treat stroke, including liposomes, polymers, metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene, black phosphorus, hydrogels and dendrimers. To conclude, we will summarize the challenges and future prospects of nanomedicine-based stroke treatments., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Discussed the main molecular pathological mechanisms of ischemic stroke. • Reviewed several treatments for stroke. • Discussed the blood-brain barrier in detail.Summarized the applications of various nanomaterials in stroke. • Summarized the challenges and future prospects of nanomedicine-based stroke treatment.

Reducing the energy consumption of a variable air volume (VAV) system in heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems attracts many attentions. In this letter, a novel method, namely, optimal dynamic duct static pressure (ODSP) method is proposed to find the globally optimal solutions of the original non-convex multi-zone VAV system energy optimization problem. Our method is based on the primal dual interior point method to solve an equivalent convex optimization problem of the multi-zone VAV system energy optimization problem. Different from existing methods, our method is a real-time optimization method and explicitly considers the duct network model to find the energy saving strategy. Numerical simulations illustrate the effectiveness of our method compared with current methods, which show that our method provides better energy efficiency and nearly 20% energy is saved. Our method also has the guarantee to find the optimal solutions.

Background. Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) are widely spread across the world. Asymptomatic or inconspicuous CT/NG infections are difficult to diagnose and treat. Traditional methods have the disadvantages of low detection rate, inaccurate results, and long detection time. However, Xpert CT/NG makes up for the aforementioned shortcomings and has research value and popularization significance. Methods. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were systematically searched, and studies were screened using Xpert CT/NG for diagnosing CT/NG. QUADAS-2 was used to evaluate the quality of the eligible studies. Then, two groups of researchers independently extracted data from these studies. Meta-analyses of sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and the area under the curve (AUC) of the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve were conducted using Meta-DiSc 1.4. Finally, Deek’s funnel plots were made using Stata 12.0 to evaluate publication bias. Results. 14 studies were identified, and 46 fourfold tables were extracted in this meta-analysis. The pooled SEN, SPE, PLR, NLR, DOR, and AUC in diagnosing CT were 0.94 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93–0.95), 0.99 (95% CI: 0.99–1.00), 97.17 (95% CI: 56.76–166.32), 0.07 (95% CI: 0.04–0.12), 1857.25 (95% CI: 943.78–3654.86), and 0.9960, respectively. The pooled SEN, SPE, PLR, NLR, DOR, and AUC in diagnosing NG were 0.95 (95% CI: 0.93–0.96), 1.00 (95% CI: 1.00–1.00), 278.15 (95% CI: 152.41–507.63), 0.08 (95% CI: 0.06–0.12), 4290.70 (95% CI: 2161.78–8516.16), and 0.9980, respectively. Conclusions. Xpert CT/NG had high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for CT and NG. However, more evidence is required to confirm that Xpert CT/NG might serve as the primary method for detecting CT and NG and even the gold standard for diagnosis in the future.

Introduction: Pain is one of the most common clinical symptoms . This review aims to describe research on herbs and their active ingredients in treating pain and provide a valuable reference for the development and utilization of analgesic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Materials and Methods: The literature search was performed from 1995 to October 2016, covering the relevant studies that concern the treatment of pain with TCM. Active ingredients extracted from TCM with analgesic activity are summarized and classified into six categories, including polysaccharides, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and other constituents. Results: There are two pathways constituting the analgesic mechanisms of TCM: through the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The former pathway includes increasing the content of endogenous analgesic substances like opiate peptide, cutting down the second messenger of neurotransmitter like nitric oxide (NO), reducing the content of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in brain tissues, blocking the central calcium channel, reducing excitatory amino acids in brain tissues, inhibiting their receptors and raising the content of the central 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). The latter one usually involves the decrease in the secretion of peripheral algogenic substances, the induction of pain-sensitive substances, the accumulation of a local algogenic substance, the increase in the release of peripheral endogenous analgesia materials and the regulation of c-Fos gene (immediate early gene).

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a great mimicker and diagnostic chameleon, and prone to be diagnosed as malignancy. Even though many reports have described the differences between pulmonary TB and lung cancer, the atypical systemic hematogenous disseminated TB (HDTB) is very rare and more confusing in clinical practice. Case presentation A 73-year-old man, HIV-negative, was hospitalized to the local county hospital because of chest pain, low-grade fever, asthenia, anorexia and weight loss for the pasting two months. The CT findings of the two lungs showed multiple round or round-like nodules of different sizes, with clear boundaries and partial fusion. The level of serum CA19–9 was significantly higher than normal, and progressively increased. There were multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, mediastinum, abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity. The symptoms were diagnosed as hematogenous spread of gastrointestinal tumor in the local county hospital. However, when transferred to our provincial hospital, through comprehensive dynamic analysis, this patient was diagnosed as atypical systemic HDTB, no cancer at all. Through routine anti-TB therapy for one year, the patient was recovered very well at the follow-up of half year after withdrawal. Conclusions In the past, most TB misdiagnosis cases involved in single organ and were finally confirmed through invasive examination. This case enriched clinical experiences in the diagnosis of atypical HDTB. We encouraged clinicians to establish a dynamic thinking for diagnosis and treatment and emphasized the value of biopsy and 18F-FDG-PET in distinguishing TB and cancer.

Background: The causal relationship between childhood obesity and stroke remains unclear. Our objective was to elucidate the causal relationship between childhood obesity and the risk of stroke and its subtypes by performing Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses.Methods: Genetic instruments for childhood obesity were obtained from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 13,848 European participants. Summary level data for stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, ischaemic stroke (IS), and its subtypes were evaluated using the MEGASTROKE GWAS dataset, which included 446,696 European adults. Inverse-variance weighting, weighted-median analysis, MR-Egger regression, MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier test (MR-PRESSO), and MR-Robust Adjusted Profile Score were applied in this MR analysis. The leave-one-out sensitivity test, MR-PRESSO Global test, and Cochran’s Q test were conducted to confirm the accuracy and robustness of our results.Results: Genetic evaluations revealed that childhood obesity was associated with a higher risk of stroke (OR = 1.04, 95%CI: 1.01–1.07, p = 0.005) and IS (OR = 1.05, 95%CI: 1.02–1.08, p = 0.003), but not with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH, OR = 0.93, 95%CI: 0.80–1.09, p = 0.39). In the subtype analysis, childhood obesity was also associated with large artery stroke (LAS, OR = 1.12, 95%CI: 1.02–1.22, p = 0.016) but not with cardioembolic stroke (OR = 1.06, 95%CI: 0.96–1.18, p = 0.21) and small vessel stroke (OR = 1.06, 95%CI: 0.98–1.15, p = 0.17). These results were stable in the sensitivity analysis and remained significant after Bonferroni correction.Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that childhood obesity is associated with a higher risk of stroke, IS, and LAS. The prevention of stroke, especially IS and LAS, should be promoted in populations with childhood obesity.

Variable Air Volume (VAV) system is a widely used scheme for Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems in large buildings. PID based methods are still widely used in VAV systems because of the simplicity. These control methods have disadvantages of poor anti-disturbance ability, slow response speed, and high energy consumption. Predictive control methods for VAV systems have been studied and implemented in recent decades. Although the control effect of predictive control method is better than PID, zone airflow rates remain relatively large, which increases the cooling energy consumption of the system. In this paper, focusing more on energy efficiency, we proposed a Minimum Airflow Rate (MAR) algorithm for VAV systems. The MAR follows the framework of predictive control and further optimizes the airflow rates of VAV zones while meeting indoor climate constraints. PID with predictor, conventional predictive control, and MAR algorithm are tested in a three-zone VAV system by simulations. Results show that, compared with conventional methods, the MAR algorithm maintains the advantages of predictive control algorithms and further reduces the cooling energy consumption in the control process.

The granary is often in an oxygen-deficient state. To ensure the safety of people entering the granary and improve the intelligent management of the access control, an intelligent access control system for granary based on face recognition and oxygen concentration is proposed in this paper. It uses sensors in multi-point to detect oxygen concentration in the granary in realtime, and jointly control the door lock with both oxygen concentration and face recognition. Users can view oxygen concentration data, personnel access situation, and remotely control the door lock through Web. This system realizes the intelligent construction and management of the granary, which not only reduces the management cost, but also guarantees the safety of people entering the granary. The design has passed actual tests to prove its effectiveness. It has good practical value and development prospect.

Stratifin (SFN) is a member of the 14-3-3 family of highly conserved soluble acidic proteins, which regulates a variety of cellular activities such as cell cycle, cell growth and development, cell survival and death, and gene transcription. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is prevalent disorder characterized by inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and programmed cell death in renal tubular epithelial cells, but there is still a lack of effective therapeutic target for AKI. In this study, we investigated the role of SFN in AKI and the underlying mechanisms. We established ischemic and nephrotoxic AKI mouse models caused by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and cisplatin, respectively. We conducted proteomic and immunohistochemical analyses and found that SFN expression levels were significantly increased in AKI patients, cisplatin- or I/R-induced AKI mice. In cisplatin- or hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-treated human proximal tubule epithelial cells (HK2), we showed that knockdown of SFN significantly reduced the expression of kidney injury marker Kim-1, attenuated programmed cell death and inflammatory response. Knockdown of SFN also significantly alleviated the decline of renal function and histological damage in cisplatin-caused AKI mice in vivo. We further revealed that SFN bound to RIPK3, a key signaling modulator in necroptosis, to induce necroptosis and the subsequent inflammation in cisplatin- or H/R-treated HK2 cells. Overexpression of SFN increased Kim-1 protein levels in cisplatin-treated MTEC cells, which was suppressed by RIPK3 knockout. Taken together, our results demonstrate that SFN that enhances cisplatin- or I/R-caused programmed cell death and inflammation via interacting with RIPK3 may serve as a promising therapeutic target for AKI treatment.

Periodontitis is a type of systemic immune inflammation that is caused by the complex infection of a variety of microorganisms in the subgingival plaque and the imbalance of the microbial ecological environment in the mouth. Periodontitis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) share many risk factors, such as obesity, smoking, and age. A growing body of data supports a strong correlation between periodontitis and kidney disease. Evidence supports the role of periodontal inflammation and elevated serum inflammatory mediators in renal atherosclerosis, renal deterioration, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) development. Periodontitis is a risk factor for kidney disease. However, to our knowledge, there are few studies detailing the possible link between periodontitis and CKD. This review summarizes the possible mechanisms underlying periodontitis and CKD. More importantly, it highlights novel and potential pathogenic factors for CKD, including bacteria, pro-inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. However, most research on the relationship between periodontitis and systemic disease has not determined causality, and these diseases are largely linked by bidirectional associations. Future research will focus on exploring these links to contribute to new treatments for CKD.

The incidence and severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) is increased yearly in diabetic patients. Although the mechanisms for this remain unclear, the prevention of AKI in diabetic nephropathy is feasible and of value. As we detected highly activation of TGF-β/Smad3 signaling in both human biopsy and mouse model of diabetic nephropathy, we hypothesized that Smad3 activation in diabetic kidneys may increase AKI sensitivity. We tested our hypothesis in vitro using TGF-β type II receptor (TGF-βRII) disrupted tubular epithelial cells (TECs) and in vivo in mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy before the induction of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We found that high glucose (HG)-cultured TECs showed increased inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress following hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. Disruption of TGF-βRII attenuated cell injury induced by H/R in HG-treated TECs. Consistently, Smad3 knockdown in diabetic kidney attenuated I/R-induced AKI. Mechanistically, Smad3 binds to p53 and enhances p53 activity in cells treated with HG and H/R, which may lead to TECs apoptosis. Additionally, ChIP assay showed that Smad3 bound with the promoter region of NOX4 and induced ROS production and inflammation. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that Smad3 promotes AKI susceptibility in diabetic mice by interacting with p53 and NOX4., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Smad3 activation in diabetic kidneys may increase AKI sensitivity. • Blockade of Smad3 in diabetic kidney may both prevent AKI and CKD progression. • Smad3 interacts with p53 to enhance TECs apoptosis. • Smad3 binds with promoter region of NOX4 to induce ROS production and inflammation.

Aims Previous studies have demonstrated that chronic periodontitis (CP) is closely associated with the occurrence and development of a variety of systemic diseases. In this study, we successfully constructed a rat CP model through dental silk ligation, and the corresponding inflammatory reactions and fatty lesions were observed in the liver. Main methods Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 6) underwent tooth ligation at the bilateral first molars with silk thread to induce CP and were sacrificed 8 weeks later and compared to non-ligated rats (n = 6). RNA sequencing and 16S rRNA analysis were performed to determine the molecular mechanisms of CP involved in inducing liver disease. Alveolar bone loss, liver enzymes, mandible and liver histopathology, and inflammatory responses were compared between groups. Key findings RNA sequencing of liver tissue showed that the expression of SCD1 increased significantly in CP rats compared to controls. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the AMPK signalling pathway may be involved in liver steatosis. The intestinal flora of faecal samples of rats were analysed by 16S rRNA sequencing, and the results indicated that the intestinal flora of the CP group was evidently imbalanced. The expression levels of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1) were significantly reduced in CP rats. Meanwhile, increases in serum IL-1β and lipopolysaccharide in CP rats reflected a systemic inflammatory response. Significance CP may be involved in the occurrence and development of hepatic injury and liver steatosis, and its mechanism may be related to the oral-gut-liver axis and SCD1/AMPK signal activation in the liver.

This trial was conducted to assess the influence of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on postoperative pain intensity and the optimal time of TEAS application during perioperative period in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.From July 2012 to October 2013, 380 patients scheduled for laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to receive sham TEAS (group SSS), preoperative TEAS (group TSS), preoperative TEAS combined with intraoperative TEAS (group TTS) or preoperative TEAS combined with postoperative TEAS (group TST) (n=95 each group). Primary outcomes included resting and activity pain intensity evaluated by visual analog scale at 1, 6, 24, and 48 hours after surgery.At postoperative 6 hours, the activity pain intensity was significantly lower in groups TTS and TST compared with groups SSS and TSS (P0.001). At postoperative 24 and 48 hours, activity pain intensity decreased in group TST compared with both groups SSS and TSS (P0.001). The supplemental analgesic requirement was less in group TST compared with group SSS. There was no significant difference in intraoperative anesthetic consumption, postoperative nausea and vomiting and time of the first postoperative flatus or defecation among the 4 groups. The patient satisfactory rate was higher in groups TSS, TTS, and TST compared with group SSS. No side effect related to TEAS was observed during the postoperative 48 hours.Combination of preoperative TEAS with intraoperative or postoperative TEAS, rather than preoperative TEAS alone, is an effective and safe adjunctive for management of postoperative pain following laparoscopic surgery.

With the rapid development of the mobile device and Internet usage, the mobile banking has seen remarkable growth across the world, especially in the past few years, as one of the emerging financial innovations. This paper attempts to explore the mobile banking services offered by selected commercial Chinese banks. The main data of this study were obtained through the comprehensive evaluation of mobile banking services. The DEMATEL-ANP method was used to evaluate the main factors influencing the adoption of mobile banking. The results show that there is still big space for the improvement of the mobile banking services for the selected Chinese banks. The management significance and suggestions for these banks are also discussed.

Background: Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV assay is a fast and automated real-time nucleic acid amplification method, recently approved by the USA, Europe and China for detection and differentiation of influenza (Flu) A, Flu B and RSV virus from nasopharyngeal swabs. Nevertheless, there are still no systematic reviews and meta-analysis on the accuracy of identification of influenza virus by The Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV assay. The aim of this meta-analysis was to verify the accuracy of Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV for detecting Flu and RSV.Materials and Methods: The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched using the following keywords: Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV, Flu and RSV up to April 2019. Four researchers screened and extracted documents according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of original research was assessed using the QUADAS-2 guidelines. Meta-DiSc 1.4 software was used to analyze the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (+LR), negative likelihood ratio (-LR), diagnostic ratio (DOR), and Summary receiver operating characteristic curves (SROC). Deek’s funnel plot asymmetry test was used to evaluate the publication bias by Stata 12.0.Results: Nine studies with 22 fourfold tables were included in this meta-analysis. The sensitivity of Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV for detection of Flu A, Flu B, and RSV was 0.96, 0.98, 0.98; the specificity was 0.97, 0.99, 0.99; +LR was 80.65, 163.74, 237.35; -LR was 0.02 , 0.03, 0.05；DOR was 4806.90, 6266.78, 5254.41, respectively. AUC was all over 0.9. In addition, no publication bias for FluA, Flu B, and RSV was found. Conclusions: Compared to the traditional PCR approach, Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV resulted as a valuable method for Flu and RSV diagnosis in the clinic, offering high sensitivity and specificity. Nonetheless, further research is necessary to determine whether Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV can be used as a clinical diagnostic standard for the identification of Flu and RSV. Keywords: Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV; influenza virus; respiratory syncytial virus; PCR

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology of deep learning method, it has been applied to many fields, especially to life science. In this paper, a novel approach for the task of voiceprint recognition was proposed. The combination of deep belief network (DBN) and support vector machine (SVM) was used to identify the voiceprint of 10 different individuals. Based on a 24-dimension Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient (MFCC), the authors extracted 256-dimension deep voiceprint features via DBN model that is developed by stacking three layers of Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM), and conducted voiceprint recognition by approach of SVM. According to the recognition results, the new approach can significantly improve both of accuracy and efficiency when it was compared with traditional voiceprint features and recognition models. The low dimensional features of voiceprint was extracted into higher dimensions by DBN model, while SVM can avoid the elevation of computation complexity caused by the increases of feature dimension. The combined strengths have been fully expressed by the experimental results.

Background: Candida is a fungus that causes various types of candidemia, which is the fourth major infectious disease of the blood system. MALDI-TOF-MS is a simple and rapid detection instrument. The aim of the present study was to verify the accuracy of MALDI-TOF-MS in detecting Candida. Method: A pooled analysis of articles on MALDI-TOF-MS for diagnosis of candidemia was performed. The quality of original research was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) guidelines. Stata 12.0 software was used to merge the correct identification rates of Candida and Candida subspecies and obtain pooled sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic methods. Heterogeneity was found in the subgroup analysis of the included articles. Hence, we explored the factors causing the heterogeneity and its impact on the overall situation. Sensitivity analysis was used to examine the effect of Candida level on total response. Egger’s test was used to evaluate the publication bias of the included articles. Results: A total of 16 articles in Pubmed, 79 articles in Embase, 1 article in Cochrane Library, 30 articles in Web of Science and 3 from other sources were identified, of which 10 articles were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The overall identification accuracy was 100%. Conclusion: The accuracy of MALDI-TOF-MS for the identification of Candida was 100%. Further research is necessary to determine whether MALDI-TOF-MS can be used as a clinical diagnostic standard for the identification of Candida.

Intrapuparial development is a special pattern of metamorphosis in cyclorrhaphous flies, in which the pupa forms in an opaque, barrel-like puparium. This has been well studied in forensic insects for age estimations. In this study, the intrapuparial development of a quarantine agricultural pest, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), was studied under a constant temperature of 27 &plusmn, 1 &deg, C and 70 &plusmn, 5% relative humidity. Results showed that intrapuparial development could be divided into five stages: Larval-pupal apolysis, cryptocephalic pupa, phanerocephalic pupa, pharate adult, and emergent adult. It lays a morphology-based foundation for molecular mechanism studies and enhances the understanding of the physiological basis for changes in intrapuparial development. More importantly, the chronology of intrapuparial development can be used to predict the emergence time of tephritid flies, indicating when to spray insecticides to control these phytophagous agricultural pests. This may be an effective approach to reduce the use of insecticides and slow down the evolution of insecticidal resistance.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a comprehensive and thorough understanding of biological rhythm. Biological rhythm is an inherent connotation of “harmony between human and nature”, one of the thoughts in TCM. TCM discusses emphatically circadian rhythm, syzygial rhythm and seasonal rhythm, and particularly circadian and seasonal rhythms. Theories of Yin Yang and Five Elements are the principles and methods, with which TCM understands biological rhythms. Based on theories in TCM, biological rhythm in essence is a continuous variation of the human body state synchronized with natural rhythms, and theories of Yin Yang and Five Elements are both language tools to describe this continuous variation and theoretical tools for its investigation and application. The understandings of biological rhythm in TCM can be applied to etiology, health care, disease control and treatment. Many understandings in TCM have been confirmed by modern research and clinical reports, but there are still some pending issues. TCM is distinguished for its holistic viewpoint on biological rhythms.

Vortex pump is a kind of non-clogging pump, which will cause a large amount of vortex during transportation. Four kinds of mathematical model of vortex pump are introduced with continuous improvement. Moreover, the internal flow state, calculation and design method are also presented. In addition, the influent of slurry and structure parameters is introduced. After analyzed above, the design method of vortex pump can be further investigated specific to different concentration, viscosity and particle sizes under different specific speed. The focus of future research is testing internal flow by the advanced technology, building up a new flow model and proposing complete and practical calculation method.

A Miniaturization and Isolation CAN Bus communication system circuit based on 3D package is presented in this paper. This circuit brings the advanced stacked 3D package technology to makes the CAN BUS Controller, Isolator, CAN BUS Transceiver, Crystal Oscillator, Power Management and so on to bury in three PCB board, and forms the SIP package of 15mm*15mm*4mm. Compared with the general devices on the market, the circuit volume is reduced by 2/3.

Clear cell “Sugar” tumor of the lung (CCSTL) is an atypical and mostly benign peripheral primary pulmonary tumor of Perivascular Epitheloid Cell Tumors (PEComas) family. We presented a case of CCSTL of a 59-year-old woman with a well-defined, lobulated, solitary pulmonary nodule of soft tissue density located in the right lower lobe which is persistently enhancing to 120 Hounsefield Unit (HU) in the venous phase. The patient underwent a right lower lobectomy for both the curative and the diagnostic purpose. The pathological examinations and immunohistochemical studies proved the case as a benign clear cell tumor. With only a limited number of cases reported, clinicopathological aspects and radiological characteristics of this tumor are not proposed systematically. In contrast enhancement CT imaging, the persistently up sloping enhancement characteristic of nodule like in this case might be helpful to add in separating CCSTL from other lung neoplasms.

The earthworm is a common terrestrial animal, its physical structure and morphology characteristics are very distinctive. Through of imitation of the special abilities of earthworms, people can get the material to research on bionic technology, such as the jet, non-smooth surface, etc. It can provide the new design ideas for engineering technology. The study of earthworm body structure and its movement mechanism, can help people to find the drag reduction method in the process of movement. In addition, the earthworm non-smooth body surface, dorsal pore jet, surface lubrication, electroosmosis and its unique moving way form a good drag reduction effect. Therefore, research on earthworm is instructive for the development of bionic technology.

Bionics is a new frontier science and provides many inspiration and thoughts for human invention. Through discussing the classification of bionics, it can greatly improve the capacity of human’s adaptation for nature and productivity as well. It can also have great social and economic benefits. Besides, the reason that restricts bionics development is expounded. Development of bionics can’t last long without the cooperation with many other subjects, and its own development also promotes the development of these disciplines. Furthermore, it is development trend of bionic that to achieve more perfect imitation and reengineering of nature, to discover and develop its relevant theories and technical methods. Therefore, bionics plays more and more important role in innovation and has broad prospects in the research.

With the development of world’s economy, energy shortage gradually appears. Resistance has a great influence on energy consumption. In other words, drag reduction means saving energy. Development of the drag reduction technology plays a very important role to improve the energy efficiency. Therefore, drag reduction technology of jet has become a hot research field. Drag reduction technology of jet is applied on the surface, so as to reduce surface friction resistance. Through analyzing the necessity of energy efficiency increase and jet drag reduction theory improvement, research progress of lateral jet flow technology and drag reduction technology of jet in the field of aircraft are reviewed. Besides, a main trend on the drag reduction technology of jet research is presented.

Characteristics and problem of building automation system (BAS) existed in the practical engineering application are analyzed, and then the development of BAS is discussed from the perspective of network structure and supplied function service. Aiming at the space distribution feature, this paper presents the network architecture of Ubi-bus fieldbus, and then essential feature, operation mechanism and standardized information model are introduced respectively. Software and hardware are designed and developed in the control platform of variable air volume (VAV) air conditioning system. Based on the network architecture of Ubi-bus, it is potential for the solution of BAS integration in the practice application.

Large scale of grid-connected renewable energy and diversified development of load have come up with higher requirements on power system flexibility. In this paper, the assessment and optimization methods on power system flexibility are reviewed, and a comprehensive flexibility optimization strategy on power system with high-percentage renewable energy is proposed. First, the definition of power system flexibility is generalized and that the cause of serious wind abandoning and solar abandoning in China that is insufficient flexibility is pointed out. Next, several flexibility assessment indexes put forward in various references are compared and two system-level flexibility quantitative indexes are emphatically introduced. In addition, power system flexibility resources are analyzed according to the hierarchy of “source-grid-load-storage”, which are also comparatively studied. Finally, starting with the perspective of planning, operation and management, a comprehensive power system flexibility optimization strategy is put forward.

The aim of the present study was to analyze and summarize the clinicopathological characteristics of large-cell lung carcinoma (LCLC) of the lung, in order to improve the definite diagnosis rate of LCLC. Clinicopathological data of 174 patients with LCLC, confirmed pathologically, were retrospectively reviewed. The 174 cases of LCLC accounted for 5.7% of the total lung cancer cases during the corresponding time period at the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University (Tianjin, China), among which there were 131 males and 43 females with an average age of 61.4 years. The postoperative pathological diagnosis of the 174 cases showed 80 cases of classic LCLC, 64 cases of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), six cases of combined LCNEC, 19 cases of basaloid carcinoma, three cases of clear cell carcinoma and two cases of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma. Of the total 174 LCLC cases, 96 patients exhibited lymph node metastasis. LCLC is a highly aggressive malignancy with a high tendency of invasion and metastasis, although the incidence rate is low. A definite diagnosis of LCLC primarily relies on the pathological diagnosis. Each subtype of LCLC has its own pathomorphological and immunohistochemical characteristics.

For the requirements of different bus signals from high speed PCB with DDR3 components based on fly-by topology structure, coping strategies have been proposed respectively. For the address or command bus, a leveling-free strategy has been proposed. It shows that the phase difference can be nearly zero through reasonable constraints on PCB design. The strategy was applied to the clock bus and achieved good performance, combining with the rules of signal integrity. For the data bus, the timing sequence on source synchronous has been analyzed and the time margin was calculated. The reasonability of the design was verified through the simulation result with Cadence.

The detailed analysis of mechanical balance based on beam-pumper is put forward to reduce the motor power, and save consumption. It has discussed something about the analysis of the crack balance, the walking beam balance and the composite balance. Finally, MATLAB M-file editor are used to compile the applications. The simulation results show that the program of the optimal mechanical balance method is feasible.

According to the reasons and features of car accidents happening in vehicles’ side areas, this paper designed and developed a kind of automotive lateral anti-collision warning system by frequency modulation continuous wave, based on the research on 24GHz linear frequency modulation continuous wave radar-probing system. The system designed in this paper will forecast the potential danger to drivers and avoid the accidents. The hardware structures, algorithm, program flows and working patterns of the warning system were introduced. Furthermore, pointing to the problem of false alarms, a kind of filtering method was presented creatively. This method improved the reliability of the warning system and the accuracy of the forecast. It filtered the disturbance coming from the side of the vehicles, and solved the difficult problem that prevented the millimeter-wave radar from being applied in automotive lateral anti-collision warning system. Finally, the experiment was designed and carried out. The result verified the rationality of the solution and the practicality of the system’s function.

The control moment gyroscope (CMG), which has the capability to produce large, continuously adjustable torques, is a key attitude control actuator for a spacecraft. The rotor spins at a constant rate about the rotor axis. Any rotation of the gimbal causes a change in the angular momentum of the spacecraft, which produces the gyroscopic moment for attitude control. On September, 2011, 200Nms CMGs were carried in orbit onboard Tiangong target spacecraft of China, which was the first inorbit application of independently developed CMG of China. 200Nms CMGs are designed for the attitude control of middle size spacecraft. Since then, even larger CMGs were under development to meet the demand of the attitude control for even larger spacecraft, such as the space station of China. In this research, three techniques are developed: System redundancy technique, for all electrical components and control electronics; Long life flywheel shafting lubrication technique, with screw cap shaped oil reservoir for 15 years long life lubrication; High stiffness gimbal drive and high accurate control technology, with harmonic reducer, and disturbance observer based terminal sliding mode control. The prototype of 1000Nms CMG was developed, and has successfully passed the qualification level environmental test.

Most of existing hashing methods for image retrieval problems assume all images are given at the beginning. However, in some image retrieval problems, images may arrive or be labeled in an online or streaming manner. Current online hashing methods are fully supervised which assume all images come with labels. However, in real world big data environments, it is infeasible to have a fully labeled image set. Therefore, we propose a semi-supervised online hashing method to fully utilize the small portion of labeled images and the large amount of unlabeled images. Moreover, several variants of the proposed method are also proposed in this paper. Three databases are used to simulate online data environments. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the stat-of-art online hashing methods and other baseline methods.

Introduction Estimating groundwater inflow into a tunnel before and during the excavation process is an important task to ensure the safety and schedule during the underground construction process. Case description Here we report a case of the forecasting and prevention of water inrush at the Jinping II Hydropower Station diversion tunnel groups during the excavation process. The diversion tunnel groups are located in mountains and valleys, and with high water pressure head. Three forecasting methods are used to predict the total water inflow of the #2 diversion tunnel. Furthermore, based on the accurate estimation of the water inrush around the tunnel working area, a theoretical method is presented to forecast the water inflow at the working area during the excavation process. Discussion and evaluation The simulated results show that the total water flow is 1586.9, 1309.4 and 2070.2 m3/h using the Qshima method, Kostyakov method and Ochiai method, respectively. The Qshima method is the best one because it most closely matches the monitoring result. According to the huge water inflow into the #2 diversion tunnel, reasonable drainage measures are arranged to prevent the potential disaster of water inrush. The groundwater pressure head can be determined using the water flow velocity from the advancing holes; then, the groundwater pressure head can be used to predict the possible water inflow. The simulated results show that the groundwater pressure head and water inflow re stable and relatively small around the region of the intact rock mass, but there is a sudden change around the fault region with a large water inflow and groundwater pressure head. Different countermeasures are adopted to prevent water inrush disasters during the tunnel excavation process. Conclusion Reasonable forecasting the characteristic parameters of water inrush is very useful for the formation of prevention and mitigation schemes during the tunnel excavation process.

When early faults occur in rotating machine, the vibration signal being extraction the often contain heavy background noise .In this paper the analysis of degree of cyclostationarity (DCS) was proposed to vibration signal extraction of rotating machine. This method can overcome the shortcoming of Hilbert transformation that will be influenced by many factors, such as end effect, sampling frequency and the added noise in signal. The research results show that the DCS can not only extract vibration signal but also suppress the added noise in the signal. Therefore more accurate fault signal will be extracted and detected through this new method.

The dynamic response of double cantilever vibro-impact system such as the stability of periodic motion, bifurcation etc., is an extremely important research content. However, the system dynamic characteristics are often influenced by the system parameters. Therefore, the theoretical modal of a double cantilevers vibro-impact system was established in this work, and the influence of clearance, damping and cubic nonlinear item on the dynamic characteristics of double cantilever vibro-impact system is detailedly analyzed through the numerical method .The results is helpful to analyze the practical engineering and to explore the nonlinear phenomena and the instability mechanism of the vibro-impact system such as milling process.

Generalized stochastic Petri nets is adopted to develop the reliability models of two operating modes of the hybrid actuation system, which is composed of a SHA (Servo valve controlled Hydraulic Actuator), an EHA (Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator) and an EBHA (Electrical Back-up Hydrostatic Actuator).The dependability of hybrid actuation is got through the Markov chain which the Petri nets sate is isomorphic to and the Monte-Carlo simulation. Simulations are conducted to analyze influences of the operating mode and the fault coverage on system reliability of hybrid actuation system.

nchor is the key component for force transmission of prestressed structure. It is difficult for the current sealing technology of anchor to ensure the normal performance of strand. And it will directly affect the bearing capacity and durability of the whole prestressed structure. The advanced method abroad smears anti-corrosion grease at the end of anchor, and then covers it with plastic cap. Based on the national patent: the method of using heat shrinkable material to protect prestressed anchor(patent number: ZL200710304303.2), some experiments of using heat shrinkable material to protect anchor are carried out, such as the construction technology verification, the electrical insulation and the sealing experiment, and anti-stripping experiment. The results show that the method of using heat shrinkable material to protect anchor has the advantages of simple and reliable construction technology, short construction period, low cost, good electrical insulation, high sealing property and anti-stripping strength. This method can protect the anchor of prestressed system very well, and has wide application value.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate potential adverse effects of diacylglycerol microemulsion (DAGM) in rats/mice. Acute safety evaluation was carried out by giving intragastrically with 20 mL 25% DAG kg-1 body weight of DAGM or water with two groups of mice. Chronic safety evaluation with 40 male and 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats was carried out by setting a control group and 3 different dose groups (n=10 male+10 female) administered with DAGM with 6.7, 10 and 20 mL kg-1 body weight per day. Relevant parameters of liver and kidney function and biochemistry were determined by standard methods at end point. Acute toxicity study revealed the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of DAGM was 20 mL kg-1 body weight in mice. No death was observed at the dose of 20 mL kg-1 body weight per day. Chronic safety evaluation did not show significant changes on hematological, histopathologic, clinical, and biochemical tests when administered at levels of 6.7, 10 and 20 mL kg-1 body weight per day to rats for 30 d. No significant body weight changes were observed in different dosages in both male and female rats. Our results suggested that acute and chronic adverse effects were not observed in histology and clinical parameters in both mice and rats. The results suggested that DAGM is safe at the experimental levels.

The system of automatic correction and deviation measurement of hypoid gears is the basic platform for the digital closed-loop manufacturing technology. Based on the gear measuring center and the numerical controlled gear milling machine, a measurement and correction system is developed by the application of Visual C++ and Fortran. The architecture and the implement of the main modules are elaborated. Experiments and applications indicate that the tooth surface deviation can be effectively reduced by the system of automatic correction and measurement, and the stability of tooth surface precision and manufacturing quality is improved. It would provide the foundation for the digitalization of manufacture and quality control of hypoid gears.

To detect the size distribution of compound fertilizers accurately,an overall calibration method was proposed for the CCD based visual detective system of a particle size analyzer.Firstly,the detection accuracy of the inspective system was analyzed and the light source was controlled in servo to reduce the effect of instability and asymmetry of the light source on the detection accuracy of the visual detective system,Then,an appropriate scanning speed of CCD was determined to insure the real shape of the object to be detected.Finally,based on the theory of the ruled surface,the pixel diameters and pixel coordinates were obtained through measuring the balls with different diameters for several times.The overall calibration of the whole detective system was implemented by using Excel,MIL and other tools to establish mathematical model of ruled surfaces.Experiment results show that the non-uniformity response of the CCD vision inspection system has been significantly improved,and the detection error is within ± 3%.It is simple,intuitive,feasible,and can meet accuracy demand of the particle size analyzer.

In this paper, flower-like Cu 2 NiSnS 4 (CNTS) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a facile solvothermal method for the first time. The as-synthesized CNTS nanoparticles were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission election microscopy (TEM) and UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy. The CNTS semiconductor nanoparticles possessed pure cubic structure with size of the flowers around 400 nm in diameter. The UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy showed strong light absorption in the visible light region with band gap of 1.41 eV, suggesting its potential application in the field of thin film solar cells.

In order to accelerate the information construction of gear enterprise and implement information integration and sharing among various application systems, a functional architecture of networked information integrated service platform for gear enterprise networked manufacturing is proposed. The construction and exploitation of the service platform are implemented with the technology of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Web services. Finally, example of actual hypoid gear networked manufacturing is introduced to demonstrate the practicability of the proposed platform. The successful experiment also proves that the proposed platform can commendably meet the needs of information integration and data sharing for gear enterprise.

The system uses the MCU to complete the functions such as regularly collecting, computing, error handling, storage, data transmission control, and so on, for the parameters required measurement. The system consists of four components: sensor and modulation circuit part, A/D transformation and send part, optical fiber coupling part and the receiver display part. The system has the following characteristics: The encoder is used to encode and send the digital signal of the measured parameters. Through the optical fiber coupling, this system displays the corresponding measurement parameters after decoding by the decoder. System circuit design is simple, easy debugging, reliable of information transmission, high precision of data transmission, particularly good anti-interference, no need of great sending power. It can be applied to a strong electric field or strong magnetic interference occasions at a distance from tens of meters to hundreds of meters.

Sleep is the important phenomenon in human’s life. About third time of human is spent on sleeping in which many important physical course happen and develop so that the research of sleep EEG gets more and more regards. The beginning of sleep research often starts from right partition by stages. Different sleep stages correspond with different brain states so that the sleep partition by stages has important meaning for the research of the sleep EEG. In this paper, a method is given for sleep segmentation using Lempel-Ziv complexity. From the result of the simulation, it can be drawn that the complexity measure can helpful distinguish the sleep stages so it plays an active role to find a reliable guideline for the automatic partition of sleep stages in sleeping periods in time.

The transient stability preventive estimation and control is one of the most important tasks of the power system. The traditional time domain simulation method cannot meet the standard of on-line estimation because of its heavy computation burden. In this paper, we realize the on-line estimation of transient stability limits on critical lines of a power system using the favorable approximation ability of RBF network. We choose right samples by off-line count to train the RBF network in order to make the error satisfy demand. Preventive control direction and amount are determined based on first-order sensitivities of transient stability limits to generator outputs. The sensitivities are derived from partial derivatives of RBF network outputs to inputs. In the end, we take a practical power system for an example to demonstrate the efficiency of RBF network in estimation of the transient stability limit on critical lines and ability to provide preventive control strategy.

Towards the safety reliability problems of the quayside container crane under earthquake excitations, the anti-seismic reliability analysis has been carried out. Because of hugeness and complexity of the structure, it is absolutely impossible to carry on seismic testing with prototype. Thus, a FEM mechanical model of quayside container crane is presented by using the ANSYS codes. Based on the modal response spectrum method and the time-history analysis theory, the load-carrying performance is investigated under earthquake excitations. The results show that neither the displacement response nor the stress response is large under the earthquake excitation in every direction, which could satisfy seismic design requirements.

The classification and recognition of ECG are helpful to distinguish and diagnose heart diseases, which also have very important clinical application value for the automatic diagnoses of ECG. The traditional recognition methods need people to extract determinant rules and have no learning ability so that they are unable to simulate the intuition and fuzzy diagnoses function used by doctor very well. The neural network technology has strongpoint of self-organization, self-learning and strong tolerance for error. It provides a new method for the automatic classification of ECG. In this paper, we use BP neural network to do automatic classification for five kinds of ECG which are natural stylebook, paced heart beating, left branch block, right branch block and ventricular tachycardia. The average recognition level is 98.1%. Experiment results show that the neural networ k technology can greatly improve the recognition level of ECG. It has good clinical application value.

On-chip spiral inductors with sufficient quality factors are very important in many RF circuits. Based on the magnetic field intensity of a spiral inductor increasing gradually from outside to inside, this article presents a novel inductor structure with gradually changed metal width and space. Some design rules of this new structure have been obtained from a large number of data analyses. The sum of metal width and space of each coil is fixed while the ratio of the metal width to space is gradually reduced from outside to inside. Inductors have been fabricated and the obtained experimental results have verified the proposed design method. For a 7-nH inductor on high-resistivity silicon at 2.1 GHz, Q factor of 10 is 23.5% higher than the conventional inductor with fixed metal width and space, and is also 13.6% higher than the single gradually changed inductor with fixed space and gradually changed metal width. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2210–2213, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23611