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The widespread application of wireless communication technology brings great convenience to people, but security and privacy problems also arise. To assess and guarantee the security of wireless networks and user devices, discovering and identifying wireless devices become a foremost task. Currently, effective device identification is still a challenging issue, as device fingerprinting requires huge training datasets and is difficult to expand, and rule-based identification is not accurate and reliable enough. In this paper, we propose WND-Identifier, a universal and extensible framework for the identification of wireless devices, which can generate high-precision device labels (vendor, type, and product model) efficiently without user interaction. We first introduce the concept of device-info-related network protocols. WND-Identifier makes full use of the natural language features in such protocol messages and combines with the device description in the welcome page, thereby utilizing extraction rules to generate concrete device labels. Considering that the device information in the protocol messages may be incomplete or forged, we further take advantage of the application logic independence and stability of the device-info-related protocol, so as to build a multiprotocol text classification model, which maps the device to a known label. We conduct experiments in homes and public networks and present three application scenarios to verify the effectiveness of WND-Identifier.

Urethral pain syndrome is a chronic condition characterized by disturbing feeling or server pain sensed at the urethra without specific treatment. This double-center, two-arm controlled trial aimed to explore the efficacy of electrical pudendal nerve stimulation (EPNS) versus intravesical instillation (II) of heparin and alkalinized lidocaine for urethral pain syndrome (UPS). Eighty eligible patients took three sessions of EPNS, or 1 session of II per week, for 6 consecutive weeks. The primary end point was the change of pelvic pain and urgency/frequency symptom (PUF) score from baseline to week 6. Secondary outcome measures included changes of visual analogue scale (VAS) score and three sub-score extracted from PUF score. The enrolled participants were all included in the intention-to-treat analyses, and baseline characteristics between the two groups were well balanced. The post-treatment PUF score decreased by 10.0 (7.00, 16.50) in the EPNS group, and by 7.0 (3.00, 10.00) in the II group. At the closure of treatment, the medians of changes in symptom score, bother score, pain-related score and VAS score were 6.50 (4.25, 10.00), 4.00 (2.00, 6.00), 6.00 (5.00, 8.00),4.50 (2.25, 6.00), respectively, in the EPNS group, and 4.00 (2.00, 7.00), 3.00 (1.00, 3.00), 3.00 (2.00, 6.00), 2.00 (1.00, 4.00), respectively, in the II group. All the between-group differences were statistically significant. Compared with the II, the EPNS results in superior pain control and better relief of lower urinary tract symptoms, and deserves further attention. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03671993)

The security of wireless routers receives much attention given by the increasing security threats. In the era of Internet of Things, many devices pose security vulnerabilities, and there is a significant need to analyze the current security status of devices. In this paper, we develop WNV-Detector, a universal and scalable framework for detecting wireless network vulnerabilities. Based on semantic analysis and named entities recognition, we design rules for automatic device identification of wireless access points and routers. The rules are automatically generated based on the information extracted from the admin webpages, and can be updated with a semi-automated method. To detect the security status of devices, WNV-Detector aims to extract the critical identity information and retrieve known vulnerabilities. In the evaluation, we collect information through web crawlers and build a comprehensive vulnerability database. We also build a prototype system based on WNV-Detector and evaluate it with routers from various vendors on the market. Our results indicate that the effectiveness of our WNV-Detector, i.e., the success rate of vulnerability detection could achieve 95.5%.

Memristors are regarded as one of the key devices to break through the traditional Von Neumann computer architecture due to their capability of simulating the function of neural synapses. Among various memristive materials, two-dimensional (2D) materials are promising candidates to build advanced memristors with extremely high integration density and low power consumption. However, memristors based on 2D materials usually suffer from poor endurance and retention due to their vulnerability to material degradation during the formation/fusing processes of conductive filament channels within the switching media of 2D materials. Here, a new memristor architecture based on a WS2/MoS2 2D semiconducting heterojunction (metal/heterojunction/metal, MHM) is proposed, which is completely different from the conventional metal/insulator/metal (MIM) sandwich structure. Through the introduction of a type-II 2D heterojunction, a resistance switching mechanism based on band modulation rather than the conductive filaments can be realized to eliminate the material degradation during the set/reset processes. A prototype MHM memristor based on the WS2/MoS2 heterojunction is successfully developed with a large switching on/off ratio up to 104 and a clearly extended endurance over 120 switching cycles, showing the advantage of the 2D WS2/MoS2 heterojunction over the individual MoS2 or WS2 layers in memristive performance. The proposed method for the MHM-type 2D memristor has the potential to achieve a large-scale integrated memristor matrix with low power consumption and high integration density, which is promising for future artificial intelligence and brain-like computing systems.

Energy storage and conversion technologies are considered to be the most promising ways to utilize renewable energy resources. Over the past few years, numerous researchers have dedicated their time to applying electrode materials toward attaining high energy density storage in metal-ion batteries and to realizing high efficiency mutual transformation between chemical and electrical energies in energy conversion devices. Vanadium sulfides, such as VS2 and VS4, have received considerable attention as an emerging class of materials with different chemical compositions, morphologies, crystal phases, and electrochemical activities in energy storage and conversion. The goal of this review is to present a summary of the recent progress on vanadium sulfide based materials for emerging energy storage and conversion application. The structure, theoretical basis for electrochemistry and synthetic strategies are summarized in detail, and the atomic structure–property–application relationships are established. Finally, the challenges and the prospects for the advancement of vanadium sulfide based energy materials are demonstrated.

Local activity metrics of resting-state functional MRI (RS-fMRI), such as the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and degree centrality (DC), are widely used to detect brain abnormalities based on signal fluctuations. Although signal changes with echo time (TE) have been widely studied, the effect of TE on local activity metrics has not been investigated. RS-fMRI datasets from 12 healthy subjects with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) were obtained with a four-echo gradient-echo-planar imaging pulse sequence with the following parameters: repetition time/TE1/TE2/TE3/TE4 = 2,000/13/30.93/48.86/66.79 ms. Six representative regions were selected for simulating the spatial feature of TE dependency of local activity metrics. Moreover, whole-brain local activity metrics were calculated from each echo dataset and compared between EO and EC conditions. Dice overlap coefficient (DOC) was then employed to calculate the overlap between the T maps. We found that all the local activity metrics displayed different TE dependency characteristics, while their overall change patterns were similar: an initial large change followed by a slow variation. The T maps for local activity metrics also varied greatly with TE. For ALFF, fALFF, ReHo, and DC, the DOCs for voxels in four TE datasets were 6.87, 0.73, 5.08, and 0.93%, respectively. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that local metrics are greatly dependent on TE. Therefore, TE should be carefully considered for the optimization of data acquisition and multi-center data analysis in RS-fMRI.

With the continuous development of the Internet, the structure of the network has also undergone great changes. The Internet is gradually flattening, and the links between autonomous systems are increasing. Many autonomous systems realize direct transmission through Internet switching centers or related links. In order to analyze the transmission changes of the core autonomous system in the Internet. Based on the historical data of actual network routing information, this paper studies and analyzes the development of the Internet and the transmission changes of core autonomous system in the Internet. For further research and analysis, this paper designs the experimental model and related algorithms, constructs the Internet topology relationship according to the actual network routing data, and carries out independent experiments on the core autonomous system. According to the experimental results, we can find that the hierarchical structure of the Internet gradually blurred, AS the core formed dense links between local network and can provide affordable for the Internet, while the core AS the transfer function of the Internet in weakening, but the core AS the stability of the transmission of the Internet is still very important, and even play a crucial role.

To explore the value of three-dimensional arterial spin labeling brain perfusion imaging in the preoperative diagnosis and grading of glioma. A total of 128 patients with preoperative and postoperative intracranial occupying lesions and glioma between January 2018 and December 2020, including 76 preoperative patients and 52 postoperative patients. Routine magnetic resonance imaging and three-dimensional arterial spin labeling perfusion examinations were performed in all patients, and the cerebral blood flow values and the area size of the lesions were measured preoperatively and postoperatively, and the ratio of the two was calculated to standardize the regional cerebral blood flow. The perfusion of three-dimensional arterial spin labeling in glioma was characterized by high perfusion in solid areas of high-grade glioma and low perfusion in solid areas of low-grade glioma. The correct diagnostic rate of perfusion grading in threedimensional arterial spin labeling was found to be 93.21 %, while the accuracy rate of magnetic resonance imaging was only 84.33 %, using pathological diagnostic results as the standard. The difference between the two was statistically significant (p 0.05). In the diagnosis of postoperative recurrence, the cerebral blood flow values of lesions in the glioma recurrence group were significantly higher than those in the glioma non-recurrence group. The regional cerebral blood flow values of lesions in the glioma recurrence group were significantly higher than those in the glioma non-recurrence group, and the differences between the two groups were statistically different (p

The security of wireless network devices has received widespread attention, but most existing schemes cannot achieve fine-grained device identification. In practice, the security vulnerabilities of a device are heavily depending on its model and firmware version. Motivated by this issue, we propose a universal, extensible and device-independent framework called SCAFFISD, which can provide fine-grained identification of wireless routers. It can generate access rules to extract effective information from the router admin page automatically and perform quick scans for known device vulnerabilities. Meanwhile, SCAFFISD can identify rogue access points (APs) in combination with existing detection methods, with the purpose of performing a comprehensive security assessment of wireless networks. We implement the prototype of SCAFFISD and verify its effectiveness through security scans of actual products.

A feasible and optimal axis of biomechanical and anatomic significance in axial lumbosacral interbody fusion (AxiaLIF) was designed. Using the image dataset of an adult volunteer, two groups of finite element (FE) models of the AxiaLIF, lumbosacral anterior column fixation (ACF) models and middle column fixation (MCF) models with different bone graft fusion degrees, were prospectively established, and their biomechanical differences were comparatively predicted. In addition, 3D reconstruction was performed by retrospectively collecting CT data from pelvises in 60 adult cases. Their anatomic parameters relating to two groups of models were digitally measured and statistically compared. Numerical analysis revealed that the load and the maximum stress on the screw as well as the maximum stress difference between the screw and peripheral tissues in the MCF model were reduced compared with the ACF model. These indices of both models all decreased markedly in response to the increase in the disc fusion degree. Statistical analysis revealed that the effective fixed length of the sacrum in the MCF model was increased compared with the ACF model (P < 0.05). The surgical dissection distance of presacral vessels and nerves from the axis to sacrum of the MCF model was reduced compared with the ACF model (P < 0.05). The feasible and optimal axis of biomechanical and anatomic significance of the AxiaLIF is similar to the axis of the MCF model. Disc bone graft fusions plus axial screw fixations of middle column could strengthen the biomechanical stability of the AxiaLIF model. Clin. Anat. 32:337-347, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

La Rance Tidal Range Power Station in France and Jiangxia Tidal Range Power Station in China have been both long-term successful commercialized operations as kind of role models for public at large for more than 40 years. The Sihwa Lake Tidal Range Power Station in South Korea has also developed to be the largest marine renewable power station with its installed capacity 254 MW since 2010. These practical applications prove that the tidal range energy as one kind of marine renewable energy exploitation and utilization technology is becoming more and more mature and it is used more and more widely. However, the assessment of the tidal range energy resources is not well developed nowadays. This paper summarizes the main problems in tidal range power resource assessment, gives a brief introduction to tidal potential energy theory, and then we present an analyzed and estimated method based on the tide numerical modeling. The technical characteristics and applicability of these two approaches are compared with each other. Furthermore, based on the theory of tidal range energy generation combined with flux conservation, this paper proposes a new assessment method that include a series of evaluation parameters and it can be easily operated to calculate the tidal range energy of the sea. Finally, this method is applied on assessment of the tidal range power energy of the Jiantiao Harbor in Zhejiang Province, China for demonstration and examination.

We reported a rare case of topical 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patient with lower limb multiple Bowen's disease (BD). At the end of the treatment, an excellent clinical response was observed and no recurrence of rash after 2 months of treatment. The recovery time was prolonged only after the first treatment, however, no photosensitive phenomena were observed during and after the treatment. This is the first report to describe ALA-PDT for patient-confirmed photosensitivity in an Asian patient. Whether PDT is contraindicated for SLE remains to be discussed, although our findings show that PDT can be used as an alternative therapy for SLE patients with BD who cannot tolerate surgery.

Background and Objectives To prevent Treponema Pallidum (TP) transmission from blood transfusion, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (EIA) for anti‐TP has been widely used in routine blood donation screening in China for many years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Abbott CMIA assay for detection of anti‐TP in Chinese blood donors. Materials and methods A total of 2420 plasma samples, already routinely screened for anti‐TP by two different EIAs, from four blood Centers were tested for anti‐TP by Abbott CMIA. Subsequently, all samples with positive results by one or both EIAs and/or by Abbott CMIA were subjected to confirmatory testing (CT) using recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) or Treponema Pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA). TP infection was defined by a RIBA or TPPA positive. Results Compared with two EIAs strategy, Abbott CMIA showed a relatively best sensitivity as 98.80% (95% CI: 97.44%‐100.16%) and a relatively best specificity as 99.58% (95% CI: 99.30%‐99.85%), yielding the best consistency (99.49%) between anti‐TP CT results with the highest κ value of .98. Conclusion This is the first study to evaluate the performance of the Abbott CMIA assays for detection of syphilis in Chinese blood donors. Our results suggested that CMIA performed better than both EIAs, and implementation of CMIA replacing two different EIA reagents might help to further reduce the risk of transfusion‐transmitted TP infection, decrease unnecessary blood waste and loss of blood donors.

A malicious behavior detection approach which combines both the DPI (Deep Packet Inspection) and DFI (Deep Flow Inspection) is proposed, namely DPI & DFI. For the DPI & DFI method an outlier data mining method is employed. The fine-grained DPI is suitable for plaintext traffic, while DFI is a complementary for encrypted or emerging traffic. The collaborative detection approach includes three phases: DPI detection, DFI detection & comparison, and feedback. In present work, the C4.5 data-mining decision tree is adopted as classifier. The KDD Cup’99 benchmark is used and representative attack categories such as Probing, DOS, R2L (Remote to User) and U2R (User to Root) are evaluated. In-depth analysis demonstrates that the U2R and R2L attack categories lead to lower detection rate, and in particular the attack types contribute most are put forward. In future work, some other types of classifiers suitable to R2L and U2R attack categories should be investigated.

We analyzed the spatial-temporal variation of ecosystem services in the Three-River Headwaters (TRH) region from 1990 to 2015 and their tradeoffs/synergies at the county-scale and grid-scale by using ecosystem service value model, correlation coefficient and bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis. The results showed that: (i) From 1990 to 2015, the ecosystem services value (ESV) of the TRH region showed an upward trend, an increase of 60.681 billion yuan from 126.967 billion yuan in 1990 to 187.648 billion yuan in 2015. Moreover, the dynamic degree of ecosystem services was 6.59%. Regulating services accounting for 69.51% were the largest in all ecosystem services, followed by supporting, provisioning, and cultural services. Among the individual ecological services, only the values of gas regulation and environment depuration decreased, other services increased. Among various land use, the ecosystem services of grassland accounting for 47% were the largest, followed by watershed, wetland, forestland, desert, and farmlands. (ii) The spatial distribution of ecosystem services showed an increasing pattern from northwest to southeast. High-value areas of ecosystem services per unit area distributed in the lakes and basins of Zhidoi county, Madoi county, and Tanggulashan town. Low-value areas mainly distributed in the northwest of Zhidoi county. (iii) There was a significant positive correlation between climate regulation and soil conservation. Aesthetic landscape and all provisioning services were weak synergies, gas regulation and other services were weak tradeoffs. (iv) Analysis of multi-scale tradeoffs/synergies showed that synergies dominated ecosystem services, and tradeoffs transformed into synergies with the increase of scale. Quantifying the ESVs and clarifying the correlations among multiple ecosystem services at multi-scale can provide a basis for regional planning, and promote the sharing of ecological well-being among the people in the TRH region.

Bowen's disease, also named squamous cell carcinoma in situ, is usually treated by surgical excision. However, surgery is not suitable to patients with large area of lesions, multiple lesions or in cosmetically important areas where a scar will be visible. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has advantages of efficacy, safety, and does not generally induce scar or damage to joint function. It could also be used repeatedly. Therefore, PDT might be recommended to treat multiple Bowen's disease. This report shared a case of a patient having suffered from multiple Bowen's disease successfully treated by PDT. PDT not only avoided scars and joint dysfunction, but also raised quality of the patient's daily life.

Antifungal medicine is the recommended therapy of tinea capitis. However, oral antifungal medicine could cause liver dysfunction to some extent, especially in children. This report shared a case of tinea capitis child suffering from liver dysfunction after taking antifungal drugs and having recovered after photodynamic therapy (PDT). This indicates PDT as a potentially safe and effective therapy of tinea capitis in children.

An effective characterization tool is highly desired to investigate mechanism and properties in femtosecond laser directing for 3D nanomaterial assembly. Here we demonstrate real-time and noninvasive visualization of laser-directed processing using multimodal nonlinear spectroscopic imaging.

To deploy multipath inter-domain routing, this paper tries to integrate our designed incentive mechanism into multipath inter-domain routing and propose an Incentive Driving Multi-path Inter-domain Routing scheme (IDMIR). Under the incentive mechanism, it can collect the path-let information from the selected nodes from the feasible BGP paths and build a scale-limited topology to compute the special routes. Meanwhile, it can adjust the protocol performance by configuring the path-let visibility degree (R) and topological nodes size (N). The simulation results demonstrate that IDMIR has strong path discovery capability with reasonable overhead.

Routing incentives are the basis for Internet service providers (ISP) to provide efficient, stable, and lasting routing services. Aiming at the least-cost routing model in the User-customized Multipath Inter-domain Routing (UMIR) network, this paper studies and proposes the least-cost routing mechanism (LCRM) that is compatible with incentives from the perspective of mechanism design. The mechanism is mainly composed of two parts:Routing rules are implemented using the least-cost routing algorithm; Payment rules adopt self-developed payment algorithm; Both theory and practice show that LCMP is a trusted mechanism, and it can motivate participants to adopt the “tell the truth” strategy in the inter-domain routing process based on the LCRM mechanism, and it has a low “overpayment”.

Objective: This paper aims to discuss the effect of peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subpopulation test on gastric cancer monitoring and prognostic evaluation. Methods: Ninety-three patients with gastric cancer were recruited for this prospective study and randomly divided into two groups. The conventional treatment group was treated with DDP+5- trihydroxypyrimidine, and the observation group was treated with combined raltitrexed and oxaliplatin. Venous blood samples were collected on an empty stomach before and after the treatment. The proportions of Th1 and Th2 were determined by flow cytometry analysis. Serum levels of IL-2 and IL-10 were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Another 33 volunteer patients were recruited in the same period for the control group. Results: Before the treatment, the conventional treatment group and the observation group possessed higher proportions of Th1 and Th2 and serum levels of IL-2 and IL-10 but significantly lower Th1/Th2 and IL-2/IL-10 than the control group (P 0.05). After the treatment, the observation group exhibited lower proportions of Th1 and Th2 and serum levels of IL-2 and IL-10 but higher Th1/Th2 and IL-2/IL-10 than the conventional treatment group (P

Condyloma acuminata and lichen planus are different cutaneous diseases with disparate etiologies. Simultaneous appearance of two diseases in the same area is rare. This report aims to share the clinical and pathological features of a rare case; introduce an effective and safe therapy of it so as to broaden the therapeutic spectrum of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) indications.

Glioma is the most aggressive and malignant type of primary intracranial tumor. In recent decades, despite the rapid development of modern surgery and therapeutic strategies available for brain tumors, the prognosis of glioma remains poor and the median survival time is

The comprehensive impacts of series resonance type fault current limiter (FCL) on power system need further investigation and verification. With regard to switching on 500kV EHV no-load transmission line, the instantaneous peak value, the free component oscillation frequency, the fundamental component amplitude and free component amplitude of terminal overvoltage waveform are simulated with and without installation of FCL considering different switching times. The relationship curves of free component oscillation period, the fundamental component amplitude and free component amplitude are gotten respectively by simulation results. The law of the influence of different fault current limiting reactance on terminal voltage of switching on no-load line is also summarized. The analysis results show that the installation of FCL is benefit for switching on no-load line.

In the process of the traffic accidents confirmation, the identification of vehicle speed when accident occurred is often an important basis for accident confirmation. The paper firstly discusses the models of mechanics and solving method for the vehicle front face, rear end, sides face ,slanted side collision based on the theory of collision mechanics ,it describes how to identify the vehicle rate and collision angle based on the model simplification, the theoretical analysis for dealing with the complicated accidents. The common and formulas are studied based on the classical collision mechanics method. The application range, parameters involved in selection and influence of the formulas are analyzed in detail. Finally the program based on C# is developed according to the identified calculation process for vehicle speed of traffic accident. The vehicle speed is obtained by selecting the collision type, entering the relevant accident pattern, inputting the parameters and clicking the command button .The application can store, modify and display results conveniently , improve efficiency on vehicle speed identification effectively and reduce the processing cycle of traffic accident availably.

Based on the indoor air quality and the evaluation index, utilize the fuzzy mathematical theory, comprehensively consider on the three important factors which influence the air quality, and through the calculation and determination the weight vector, divide the air quality into four levels as "qualified"," mild overweight"," overweight", "severe overweight". Through sampling the indoor air in a family, according to the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and the maximum membership degree principle, get every sample point levels from data. It will provide the method of getting a more objective evaluation of indoor air quality situation.

N-doped SiO2 at TiO2 core–shell structural materials has been synthesised successfully via a simple two-step method. First, SiO2 spheres were obtained by using a slightly modified Stober process. Then, N-doped SiO2 at TiO2 were prepared via coating SiO2 template with TiO2 layers, followed by N-doping using NH4NO3 as the N source. According to Kato et al. the as-obtained products were well characterised by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV–vis absorption spectra. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared products was evaluated by photocatalytic decolourisation of rhodamine B aqueous solution at ambient temperature under UV and visible-light irradiation. The experimental results showed that the diameter of N-doped SiO2 at TiO2 spheres was about 250 nm and the thickness of the TiO2 shell was 10–20 nm, the products exhibited a high photocatalytic activity because N atoms were incorporated into the titanium dioxide planes to decrease the bandgap energy.

Xi’an, as a typical inland city in China with a worse integrated transport system, has promoted the use of metro service to ease serious traffic congestion. This paper uses a logistic regre...

Background and objective Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare intra-epithelial neoplasm. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. The usefulness of topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of EMPD has been reported. The objective of this prospective pilot study was to investigate the feasibility of combined PDT and surgery in the treatment of EMPD. Subjects and Methods A total of 13 patients with 19 large EMPD lesions were recruited and assigned to surgery (n = 5) or PDT + surgery (n = 8) group. For the PDT + surgery group, four sessions of topical PDT mediated with 20% 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-PDT) were applied prior to surgery. Patients were followed up for 12 months. Treatment outcomes, adverse reactions and recurrence were compared. Results In the surgery group, recurrence was seen in 2 out of 8 lesions (25%). In the combination group, over 58% reduction in lesion size was achieved after 4-sessions of PDT and recurrence was seen in 1 out of 11 lesions (9.1%) after surgery. Conclusions Multiple ALA-PDT could be applied to reduce the severity of EMPD lesion and improve the success of surgery. Lasers Surg. Med. 45:296–301, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

In order to obtain high-quality injection head, cold extrusion forming is adopted. Based on the study of forming technology for the injection head, reasonable process flow, cold extrusion pre-treatment process and boundary conditions are designed. Two finite element models in forward extrusion and backward extrusion forming ways are established. Taking DEFORM as the platform, the numerical simulation of forming process is carried out. Through simulation, the distribution of strain field, stress field and velocity field in the process of cold extrusion forming is preliminarily forecast, the merits and defects of two kinds of forming processes and the force state of mold are compared , the optimal forming scheme is determined.

Gear plays an important role in the project, and its failure form has been widely concerned. This article does a detailed study of fatigue failure of the gear at home and abroad, and discusses the experimental method, numerical model, finite element simulation baking and does a forecast on its characteristics and prospects.

Background: Topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) offers an alternative option for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Objective: To study the effects of ALA dose, incubation time, and lesion type on protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) production and treatment outcomes. Methods: To examine the time course of PpIX production, 10% ALA was applied to inflammatory papules for 1 to 5 hours and followed by in situ fluorescence examination. To determine the effects of ALA dose and lesion type, 3, 5, and 10% ALA was applied to acne lesions in split-face fashion for 3 hours followed by whole-face light irradiation at 633 nm and 30 to 70 J/cm2. Treatment was repeated twice at 2-week intervals. Results: PpIX reached a stable level after 3 hours of incubation. Similar PpIX levels were seen in areas receiving 3, 5, and 10% ALA. Poisson regression analyses indicated that lesion counts decreased by 0.791 times for a one-unit increase in treatment times (95% CI 0.782–0.799, p< .0001) but only by 0.999 times for a one-unit increase in ALA dose (95% CI 0.998–1.000, p = .22). Conclusion: The combination of low-dose ALA and a red light is a safe and effective option for the treatment of moderate to severe acne. Renseignements de base: La thérapie photodynamique topique (TPD) suivant l'administration de l'acide 5-aminolévulinique (ALA) représente une autre possibilité pour le traitement de l'acné vulgaire. Objectif: Étudier les effets de la dose d'ALA, la durée d'incubation, le type de lésion sur la production de PpIX, et les résultats du traitement. Méthodes: Pour examiner l'évolution temporelle de la production de PpIX, de l'ALA 10 % a été appliqué sur des papules inflammatoires pendant 1 à 5 heures et a été suivi d'un examen in situ en fluorescence. Afin de déterminer les effets de la dose d'ALA et le type de lésion, de l'ALA 3, 5, et 10 % a été appliqué sur les lésions d'acné sur une moitié du visage pendant 3 heures, suivi d'une irradiation de lumière de tout le visage à 633 nm et 30 à 70 J/cm2. Le traitement a été répété deux fois à 2 semaines d'intervalle. Résultats: La PpIX a atteint un niveau stable après 3 heures d'incubation. Des taux de PpIX semblables ont été observés dans les parties ayant reçu de l'ALA 3, 5, et 10 %. Des analyses de régression de Poisson ont indiqué que le nombre de lésions a diminué de 0,791 fois pour une augmentation d'une unité de temps de traitement (IC 95 % 0,782 à 0,799, p Conclusion: La combinaison d'une faible dose d'ALA et de la lumière rouge est une option sûre et efficace pour traiter l'acné modérée à sévère.

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) in treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cervical condylomata. A total of 56 patients with cervical and external condylomata lesions were recruited for this open-label study. HPV genotyping of exfoliated cells collected from the cervix and external lesions was performed. Cervical lesions were treated with PDT by applying ALA gel (10%) to the surface of the cervix for 4 h followed by irradiating with a 635 nm laser at 100 J cm(-2). PDT was repeated at 2-week intervals if lesion and HPV infection remained. Patients were followed up for 6-24 months. Genotyping analysis revealed four HPV subtypes (HPV6, 11, 16 and 18). The overall complete remission rate of 1-4 sessions of treatments was 98.2% and the corresponding HPV clearance rate was 83.9%. Ten cases showed complete removal of cervical lesions and HPV infection after a single treatment. Recurrence rate was 3.6%. Adverse effects were minimal and no structural complications were reported. In conclusion, topical ALA PDT is safe and effective for eradicating cervical HPV infection and eliminating condylomata lesion. Its definitive role in treating cervical condylomata deserves further investigation.

This paper presents the error probability analysis of Time-Hopping Biorthogonal Pulse Position Modulation (TH-BPPM) ultra-wideband (UWB) systems with a RAKE receiver over indoor multi-path fading channels. UWB signals suffer from severe multi-path interference when employed in an indoor fading environment. A RAKE receiver can be used to improve the performance of UWB systems. TH-BPPM has attracted much attention in recent years due to its many advantages, such as low probability of error and low complexity. In this paper, the IEEE 802.15.3a indoor channel model is employed to analyze the performance of TH-BPPM UWB systems with different RAKE receivers. The bit error rate (BER) of ARake, PRake, and SRake TH-BPPM UWB systems is derived. The results indicate that ARake has the best performance, SRake is better than PRake when the number of fingers is same.

Factors that affect the safety of coal mine roof is a multi-faceted, information fusion technology can take full advantage of multi-source information complementary, comprehensive, and improving information quality and credibility of coal mine roof safety. In analyzing the current monitoring means, a coal mine roof safety evaluation model is presented based on information fusion, and given information processing steps of multi-sensor data analysis, processing, distribution and integration based on Dempster-Shafer evidence theory; For the elimination of multi-source data fusion of uncertain factors, proposed coal mine roof safety decision-making rules; The simulation analysis shows that the validity of the model and practicality.

This study aims to evaluate usability of BSS by using System Usability Scale (SUS), and obtain the potential needs of e-scooter riders for using the BSS. An experiment was conducted with a sample of 85 participants who had experienced a battery swapping service, operation procedure, and filled out a SUS questionnaire to evaluate the quality of using BSS. The results showed that the SUS score was 76.85. Most of participants perceived that they might use BSS frequently, and the BSS was easy to use and easy to learn. However, several participants perceived that they need to learn a lot of things or technical person support for getting going with BSS. For increasing the usability of the proposed BSS, operation procedure and user interface design should be investigated further.

Acne is one complex skin disorders, which can lead to adverse psychological effects. Multiple factors are correlated with risk of acne and several treatments have been explored. The prevalence and risk factors are suspected to be varied in different populations with different genetic backgrounds and lifestyle. Therefore, this study investigated the risk factors, psychological impacts and current treatments of acne in Shanghai area of China by a retrospective questionnaire study. This study showed that the subjects with family history (especially paternal history) were prone to develop severe acne (p

Objective Posttraumatic immune disorder can cause complications including systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Cytotoxic granules containing perforin and granzyme-B (GrB) are released by cytotoxic CD8 + T lymphocytes, NK and γδT cells after major trauma. This prospective clinical study was designed to analyze the association between these immune components and complications after major trauma. Methods We retrospectively studied 48 patients aged between 16 and 65 years admitted within 90 min of major trauma (Injury Severity Score > 16) and surviving beyond 7 days, and 20 healthy controls. Blood samples were drawn on admission and after 1, 3 and 7 days. CD8 + T, NK and γδT cell counts in peripheral blood and the levels of perforin and GrB in these cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Clinical aspects of MODS and SIRS were recorded daily. Results CD8 + T cell counts were not significantly different in patients with SIRS or uncomplicated group, but were depressed in the MODS group after trauma. However, NK cell counts in patients with MODS were significantly depressed only at day 7 after injury, and γδT cell counts were significantly depressed after trauma. Perforin levels in CD8 + T, NK and γδT cells in patients with MODS were depressed after trauma. GrB levels in NK, CD8 + T and γδT cells in patients with MODS were significantly depressed at 3 and 7 days post trauma. Conclusion Posttraumatic MODS is associated with early, sustained, and severe depression of lymphocytes.

Previous studies have showed that wheat gluten hydrolysate (WGH) has the anti-oxidative property. In the present study, we examined the possible safety property of WGH and the beneficial effects of WGH to extend lifespan and induce stress resistance using nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as the in vivo assay system. We found that WGH at concentrations of 0.1-1 mg/mL did not cause lethality, influence development, alter locomotion behavior and brood size, and induce significant intestinal autofluorescence and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in young adults. Treatment with 0.1-1 mg/mL of WGH significantly extended lifespans of nematodes under the normal conditions. Moreover, WGH treatment significantly inhibited the induction of intestinal autofluorescence and suppressed the decrease in locomotion behavior during the aging process of nematodes. Furthermore, pre-treatment with 1 mg/mL of WGH significantly suppressed the adverse effects caused by heat-stress or oxidative stress on nematodes as indicated by the alterations of both lifespan and intestinal ROS production. Therefore, WGH treatment is relatively safe and has beneficial effects on nematodes under both the normal conditions and the stress conditions.

Fixed and moving facilities on the highway are implemented to form a network by the internet of things. A technology of radar chain detection and screen information confirmation on the highway is proposed to identify and analyze highway accidents, then determine the influence area. Emergency response and rescue can be carried out by Mechanism of Highway cross-department emergency and linkage management. At the same time, a partition and classification publishing model of traffic accidents information and traffic Induction information is found to carry out public information services and induce other travelers to avoid traffic accidents in the region effectively. The Highway traffic accident identification and emergency response technology based on the internet of things has been applied on the highway of Anhui, China. The effect is obvious. It will play an important role in improving highway safety management services.

Objectives: To examine therapeutic effects of 5-aminolevulinate (ALA)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) on UVB-induced cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in a mouse model. Materials and methods: Cutaneous SCCs were established by UVB (280-320 nm) irradiation of hairless mice. In situ fluorescence measurement was used to monitor PpIX formation after the topical application of various concentrations of ALA cream to determine the optimal ALA dose. Therapeutic responses of SCCs to multiple sessions of ALA PDT were examined histologically and quantitatively. TUNEL staining was used to examine apoptosis caused by PDT. Results: After repeated exposure for 18 to 22 weeks (4-5 days/week), multiple nodular and verrucous hyperplasia lesions of various sizes developed at the exposed area. After four sessions of ALA PDT (8% ALA, 3 h incubation, 30 J/cm 2 at 20 mW/cm 2 ) a total of 84% of complete response was achieved for small SCCs (1-4 mm, thickness

Factors that affect the safety of coal mine roof is a multi-faceted, information fusion technology can take full advantage of multi-source information complementary and comprehensive, and improving information quality and credibility of coal mine roof safety. In analyzing the current monitoring means, a coal mine roof safety evaluation model is presented based on Dempster-Shafer evidence fusion theory , After normalizing the various sensor data, the model can acquire the basic probability assignment of the system judging the security situation of the roof, and then using the Dempster-Shafe synthesis rule to synthesize the multi-evidence, and acquiring the whole judgment of the security situation of the roof; as to the problem of the failure of Dempster evidence synthesis rule under the high conflict, establish similarity matrix through the evidence distance, determine the weight coefficient of the evidence, and use the Dempster rule to combine after the pretreatment of the evidence. Through the simulation and compared with other improved methods, the model is proved to decrease the influences that the conflict makes to the combination result, and at the same time improve the convergence rate of evidence combination and reduce the risk of decision-making under the high conflict evidence.

Attack source locating technology is the core in credible internet. This paper proposes the method based on probabilistic packet recording (PPR) algorithm combining the other methods to use, which can search the real attack source in maximum degree, and can reversely recover attack path maximally.

From the view of customers' perception, this paper analyzes the factors effecting online shopping, and combines with empirical analysis method for research. Gathering information by the questionnaire survey, we use statistical analysis, such as reliability analysis, validity analysis, regression analysis. These results show that questionnaire design is reasonable ,the reliability and validity are accepted; sellers' service value and image value have a significant impact on customer satisfaction index.

Coastal zone, as the interactive area between ocean and land, is a very complex and fragile system. Coastal zone supports diverse and productive coastal ecosystems and provides significant ecological, cultural, and economic benefits to human beings. However, with the rapid growth in both population and economy, coastal ecosystems are being subjected to ever increasing pressure. Coastal zone that was formerly wisely used is being destroyed in the pursuit of economic wealth which has greatly threaded human's sustainable development. Beside excessive resource exploitation and environmental pollution, unreasonable land use is also another important fact which could cause great damages to the coastal ecosystems. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the degree of land exploitation and utilization in Zhuhai coastal zone which locates at the west of Pearl River Estuary. A new model named Multidimensional-Vectors Model which is suitable to coastal zone was established. Land-use data of Zhuhai coastal zone in 1995, 2000, and 2005 was used. The exploitative intensity of land-use between 1995 to 2000, and 2000 to 2005 was calculated by this model. Main characteristics of exploitative intensity of land in Zhuhai coastal zone can be generalized as follows: Areas with high exploitative intensity is mainly concentrated alone the coastal line except some small area scattered in the region far away from the sea. Area with high exploitative intensity from 1995 to 2000 is larger than that from 2000 to 2005, and the spatial distribution of high exploitative intensity during 1995 to 2000 period is more concentrative than that form 2000 to 2005.

We evaluated the protein levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100beta in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in an animal model of acute spinal cord injury and ascertained their relevance. Spinal cord injury was induced at the T8 level in rats. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the protein levels of NSE and S-100beta in both serum and CSF at different time points (30 min, 2 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after induction of spinal cord injury). There existed a significant correlation between neurological deficits and the severity of spinal cord injury (p0.05). Compared with the control group, the protein levels of NSE and S-100beta in serum and CSF significantly increased from 2 h after injury (p0.05) and reached a maximum at 6 h. Within a certain time window, the protein levels of NSE and S-100beta in serum and CSF were closely related to the severity of injury level (p0.05). The protein levels of NSE and S-100beta in serum and CSF significantly increased after experimental spinal cord injury in a time-dependent manner and thus may be considered specific biomarkers for acute spinal cord injury.

Introduction: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is associated with genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and represents the precursor of cervical cancer. Established ablative treatment methods may cause substantial complications in following pregnancies including premature delivery and the birth of low-weight babies. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of CIN using esters of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) represents a promising alternative. However, it has not been analysed yet if the PDT itself leads to sustained damage of the cervical tissue. This study aims at evaluating the effect of hexylaminolevulinate (HAL) and methylaminolevulinate (MAL) PDT on cervical tissue. Methods: 25 patients underwent 1—2 PDT cycles for CIN 1—3 applying topical HAL and MAL. Before and six months after PDT, biopsies were obtained from the cervix. Macroscopic changes of the cervix were evaluated. We assessed H&E slides for signs of sustained tissue damage. Furthermore, expression profiles of p16INK4a, Ki67, Bcl-2, Bax and CD31 were evaluated. Results: PDT was performed satisfactory in all patients. No macroscopic changes of the cervix were encountered and histological evaluation revealed no signs of apoptosis, necrosis, irritation, vascular changes and fibroses 6 months after PDT. Ki67 and p16INK4a were useful for the prediction of response to PDT. Bcl-2 and Bax showed no significant expression profile changes after PDT and the micro-vessel pattern was not altered. Conclusion: HAL and MAL photodynamic therapy do not leave any sustained damage in normal cervical tissue. This is of paramount importance as cervical insufficiency or stenosis may have implications on pregnancy and cervical cancer screening.