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The purpose of this study was to determine the regeneration activity of pancreatic beta cells by a combination of the ethanol extracts of Moringa leaves and Clove flower. These extracts prepared by maceration with ethanol as solvent . This is an experimental laboratory research by using post test only group design . The subject of this research is 40 white male rats of Wistar strain ( Rattus norvegicus ) and were conditioned DM by streptozotozine-nicotinamide induction . The rats randomly divided into 8 groups , and each group consisted of 5 rats . Combination dose of Moringa leaves and Clove flowers extracts used are 150 : 40 mg / kg body weight of mice , 100 : 80 mg / kg body weight of mice and 50 : 120 mg / kg body weight of mice . The rats were sacrificed and the pancreas taken to be made preparations histopathology , staining and observation tissues with HE and IHC methods. The results showed that the staining and observation tissues of heart with HE method acquired the positive control group , the single test group and the combination group were showing the islet on the Langerhans island of the pancreas is bigger than in the negative control group. The morphology of the island of Langerhans increasingly large indicates increasing the regeneration of the cells of the islet beta pancreas; whereas the method of IHC acquired the negative control group seen lack of display intensity of positive reaction Ag & Ab beta cells with are marked with brown cells . In the positive control group , the single test group and the combination group , seen a positive reaction of Ag & Ab insulin-producing beta cells characterized by brown cells and insulin expression dominating pancreatic island of Langerhans.

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a collection of motor disorders caused by brain damage that occur before, during or after birth which can be caused by many factors such as, congenital, genetic, inflation, infection and poisoning during pregnancy, trauma and metabolic disorders. Children with cerebral palsy will mostly have problems with posture. Muscular spasticity found in CP children is not only found in the muscles of the limbs but also the muscles forming posture (body posture), the condition of the body shape of children with CP will be exacerbated by the omission of postures that are not functional. Taping provides convenience in initiating motion, to help people with CP be able to move easily. The objectives of this study is to determine the effect of giving correction posture taping to the ability of motion of cerebral palsy children. Methods: The design in this study is a quasi experiment with a pretest and posttest design. The research will be conducted on the CP community in Yogyakarta, namely the Wahana Cerebral Palsy Family (WKCP) for 8 weeks. The research instrument used in this study was a blank check on the basic functional ability of GMFM. Results: After getting treatment in the form of Correction Posture Taping for 8 consecutive weeks, there was an increase in the functional ability of motion during sleep by 5.1385 with P = 0.000 (α

Mostly natural disasters in Java Island such as landslides are within the vicinity of not more than 200 Km from the district capital. Cellular communications require complex systems and rather vulnerable  to cope with disasters. NVIS mode is considered as a simple radio link during disaster mitigation initiation process. It needs a valid estimation to figure out the condition of the ionosphere. There are two purposes of this study, the first of which is an attempt to find out a fact the existences of authorized HF users who still work in the band of 3 MHz – 10 MHz. The second is to integrate low cost HF radio communication, commonly available small single board computer hardware, and opensource software, to build a sounding system to evaluate the quality of NVIS channels. Prediction system such VOACAP give hourly prediction data, however it has an inherent limitation because of  nature the underlying databases is monthly average based, therefore, the estimation could not be made in a daily bases. However, a real-time channel evaluation (RTCE) able to purify maximum observed frequency (MOF) estimation, and consequently, its able to select the best available frequency for short term and real time operation. In this study, we used WSPR to perform a simple RTCE technique. Furthermore, we also reviewed the current regulatory status regarding the availability of sub-10 MHz band for NVIS radio operation. The results show that discrepancies between simulation and measurement are occurred mainly because of sporadic data in the band of 60m and 80m. However, all of the measurement results and simulations almost have the same agreement regarding the quiet period between local midnight and local sunrise. The results of measurements show that 60m band is the most reliable NVIS channel between local sunrise and local midnight. Furthermore, 100 watts is a proper transmitter power to reach the required SNR for reliable voice communication.Â

Traffic accident is one of the contributing factors of the death that happened around the world. From various types of drivers that are usually found in the traffic, motorcycle drivers have a relatively higher risk compared with other types of drivers. Therefore, there is a need for a system that is capable to detect dangerous behavior from the driver and gives an alert when abnormal behavior is detected. To develop it, we choose the 2 basic sensors to detect the movement from a driver, which are Accelerometer and Gyroscope. These sensors have been integrated into a smartphone. For the classification process, we proposed an Enhanced Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP). The complexity of the model is reduced to ensure that our proposed system will be able to work in real-time conditions and in a limited-resources environment. In our model, we use the combination of ReLU and Softmax function, two of the famous Activation function, to enhance the performance of our model. The level of accuracy of our model achieved 97.5% with an average computational time of 45 ms. This proved that our model works better than the previous research with the same dataset.

Amateur radio communication used widely for experimental activities or for backup when the main communication access network fail. One of the amateur radio communications is run by using the Weak Signal Propagation Reporter or WSPR system. This system is very reliable to send messages, that composed of callsign, grid locator, and powerTx on very narrow channel widths (6 Hz) and run in the very low signal-to-noise ratio (-28 dB). WSPR systems generally work on the High Frequency band such as the 80 m, 60 m, or 40 m band, and able to reach a very long distance, up to hundreds or even thousands of kilometers. In this paper, we will propose a study of the WSPR system utility on several frequency candidates in the Very High Frequency band (2m band). The system is realized by utilizing a handy talky radio with built-in antenna and raspberry pi device as a WSPR signaling processor. The system performance is analyzed at a low signal- to-noise ratio of -14.92 dB, and still success to transmit the data. In this case we sent a soil moisture data from environmental parameter for agricultural purposes and is inserted at the powerTx.

In the natural disaster areas, a cellular-based telecommunication system is often disrupted. Handy-Talky is a power full as an ad-hoc telecommunication system for this condition. This equipment works in the Very High Frequency (VHF) and Ultra High Frequency (UHF). The VHF band is strongly influenced by the environment where is this system implemented. This system is suitable for short-range terrestrial communication. However, to develop a very long-range communication, it needs an HF type of communication system. In this study, a transverter system was built to convert the frequency signal from VHF to HF and vice versa. The transverter system was implemented on Raspberry Pi and supported by the C programming language. Two identified processes were the transverter process of converting HF signal to VHF/UHF signal and the transverter process of converting VHF/UHF signal to HF signal. The HF gateway device was controlled by VOX mode in order for it to transmit immediately when receiving voice signal from VHF/UHF gateway. The communications between these two devices with different frequency run in half-duplex mode. The voice activity detection technique was employed to replace the user, automatically activated the HT push-to-talk radio power for the threshold value of 60 dB in SNR. The calibration was conducted on EEPIS campus. The HF transceivers were positioned in D3 building and Post-Graduate building, EEPIS. It has shown that the communication process using the transverter was successful.

Autopilot is a system control application on moving vehicles such as airplanes, helicopters, or boat, which serves to stabilize the direction of motion in the desired time and the programmed path's direction. the autopilot control system is controlled by a series of microcontrollers and GPS that has the function to be able to determine and the desired object. This control system is designed with electrical system controls that utilize microcontrollers, sensor and GPS as control media. The development of autopilot prototypes is used for testing new control algorithms and the reliability of other electronic components such as sensors and microprocessors. A control system is needed to control the boat to its destination. The relatively accurate system dynamics model affects the steering performance of the autopilot system. The system in question can be considered a boat with an actuator rudder, which experiences external disturbances. this system is broadly divided into two parts: the control station part and the autonomous boat part. These two parts communicate with each other using LoRa device. The data sent from the control station to the autonomous boat is target latitude and longitude coordinates. The autonomous boat will send feedback in the form of boat latitude and longitude coordinates so that users can find out the current location of the boat. Autonomous Boat also provides feedback to the control station via LoRa in the form of boat coordinates so that users can find out the current location of the boat and whether the boat has reached the specified coordinates. The control station will send feedback from the boat to a database that can be monitored via the website to find out the boat's current condition on the website. Based on the results that have been obtained in the analysis and testing of the system. GPS sensor used in autonomous boat Ublox NEO-7m has an accuracy level with an average distance value of 3.220921 meters with the lowest cold start time of 7 seconds. Compass sensor used in autonomous boat CMPS11 has an accuracy level with an average value of 3.041667 degrees. Communication distance between autonomous boat and control station using LoRa with 5dBi antenna can reach 1406.79 meters in condition without obstruction between nodes. Data delivery system can be successfully sent from user to autonomout boat and sending feedback back to user. Delay update of boat coordinate data on interface has the lowest average of 30.8 seconds. Based on turning circle test results, autonomous boat is able to create imperfect circles with a radius of 8,364 m.

News hoaks rife produced and spread on social media among young people. The news can trigger disputes and threaten social disintegration. The existence of this phenomenon is due to inaccurate people sorting out news that is shared on social media. Based on the above phenomenon community service aims (1) to socialize news sorting strategies: hoaks, (2) to socialize politeness in spreading news on social media, and (3) to train young people in writing news on social media. These community service activities are carried out in Menjing Village, Jenawi District, Karanganyar Regency. Participants in this community service are members of Karangtaruna Menjing Village, Jenawi District, Karanganyar Regency. The strategy in community service is through workshops and hands-on practice.

Nowadays, acoustic technology Is used In many sectors of human life. One of acoustic benefit is to know mechanical property of material, such kind of liquid and solid. One of mechanical property is acoustic impedance. Several methods are used to estimate acoustic impedance of material. Most of them use high focused ultrasound transducer, and utilize pure water as a common coupling material. However, this type of transducer is still expensive. Another type of ultrasound so called range finder ultrasound (RFU) is very cheap transducer. It is usually use to measure distance and place localization for its applications. Since RFU utilizing air as a coupling material, RFU became to a very sensitive sensor. Small displacement and small difference of distance from the sensor will produce a massive different of measurement. Hence, an accurate and precision method should be built for best result of measurement. In this paper, we utilized range finder ultrasound (RFU) sensor to estimate acoustic impedance of several saline solutions. Based on theoretical, the denser the solution the higher the acoustic impedance. From the experiment, it can be obtained that the higher the acoustic impedance of saline solutions the higher the echo signal that is received by receiver transducer. A characterization conversion curve was successfully developed from the experiment. However, assuming one plane wave for this type of transducer produced significant error. Detail discussion related to this research is presented in this paper.

Occupational therapy students in Indonesia experienced new challenges when praticing their fieldwork at a disaster site. Through a volunteer project, lecturers led students to understand the needs of people following disaster and learn how to use their skills as occupational therapists when working in the disaster arena.The role of occupational therapy in disaster may include analyzing occupation and activities in order to maximizing client performance, evaluating functional abilities related to specific occupation and constructing physical and psychosocial environment to enable social participation (AOTA 2006). During the Yogjakarta disaster of 2006, students undertook a variety of roles depending on the particular situation they found themselves in.Students learned that they should work with local partners and local community as much as possible in the emergency relief process: Local partner and local community speak the language, know the local culture and the area (Sabdono 2006). The students ...

Understanding of environmental characteristic is a key factor in design of communication system. This paper describes an ambient noise characterization of measurement in the shallow water ofSurabaya bay. The result showed that probability density function (pdf) of ambient noise is close to a Gaussian distribution with the mean of -2.85x10-5 and deviation standard of 9.87x10-4. Validation has been done by using mean square error (MSE) and Bhattacharya distance. Fitting between cdf of measurement result and theory was done by using MSE with the value of and Kolmogorov Smirnov test with the value of 3.9x10-4 and 4.9x10-2 respectively. In the frequency domain analysis, it is showed that in the range of 0 ~ 9 kHz has a deceasing level from -100 until -140 dB. In the frequency of 9 ~ 13.5 kHz, the spectral is flat as like a white. It can be used as a reference in decision of range frequency of underwater acoustic communication systems that will be applied.Keywords: ambient noise, statistical characteristics, underwater acoustic.

Understanding of environmental characteristic is a key factor in design of communication system. This paper describes an ambient noise characterization of measurement in the shallow water of Surabaya bay. The result showed that probability density function (pdf) of ambient noise is close to a Gaussian distribution with the mean of −2.85×10−5 V, and deviation standard of 9.87×10−4V. Validation has been done by using mean square error (MSE) and Bhattacharya distance. In the frequency domain analysis, it is showed that in the range of 0 ∲ 9 kHz has a deceasing level from −100 until −140 dB. In the frequency of 9 ∲ 13.5 kHz, the spectral is flat as like a white. It can be used as a reference in decision of range frequency of underwater acoustic communication systems that will be applied.

Image transmission over under water acoustic channel is one of research trends that were developed to support under ocean environment monitoring. The result of study about the source coding performance for image transmission over underwater acoustic channel over tropical shallow-water environment is presented in this paper. By using the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and wavelet coding, image file was compressed and converted into binary data sequence. Transmission process was conducted with multicarrier OFDM system over under water acoustic channel. An evaluation has been implemented on base band scale by adopting channel model of previous research. With the DCT technique at Eb/No 20 dB was achieved the value of PNSR 12.69 dB, and bit error 0.0025. While by using the wavelet technique, at same Eb/No value, achieved the value of PSNR at 21.38 dB and bit error rate 0.0022. The performance evaluation also conducted visually and showing similar trend as simulation result by using pseudo random data.Keywords: DCT, wavelet, OFDM, underwater acoustic.

Acoustic propagation in the underwater channel influenced by three factors: signal attenuation, multipath propagation, and low speed of sound propagation. Understanding of underwater acoustic channel is the basis in the design of a reliable communication system, and until now there is no standard fading model for underwater acoustic channel. Experimental method supported with measurement data is a commonly method used as a first step in modeling of channel properties for underwater sensor network applications. In this study, we will begin a discussion about research development of underwater acoustic communications. In the next section will be presented about experimental planning for underwater propagation characteristics. The characterization results are used to evaluate the performance of communication system through software simulation. At the end of this paper, a PC-based soft acoustic modem test bed will be presented.

Development of an underwater acoustic communication system is a necessity for the majority of the nation as a sea area of Indonesia. Most area s of the ocean in Indonesia is shallow, the environment has unique characteristics compared to other countries. It is a challenge in the research underwater acoustic communication system. This paper presented a preliminary study of the developing of soft acoustic modem testbed for underwater acoustic communication system with OFDM technique. Modem has been implemented on a PC with Matlab, with the objective to evaluate the algorithm development. Image file in JPEG format is encoded with a discrete cosine transform (DCT). To improve performance, information is encoded with a forward error correction, FEC-Hamming. The system uses BPSK modulation, OFDM transmission techniques, and using acoustic signal as carrier wave. In this system, the occupation bandwidth is 5.3 kHz, transmission rate of 3.7 k sps, and center frequency at 13.3 kHz. As an initial stage, the model presented in the form of simulator tesbed passband, and is treated with the propagation parameters that was obtained from measurements in a Towing Tank in previous experiment. The next stage is tesbed evaluation through experimental in a laboratory, such the effect of conversion process from electrical to audio signal at PC sound card and the capability of the receiver to recover the information.