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The article provides an example of successful simultaneous surgical treatment of a patient with a thrombotic complication after endovascular intervention (Endovascular aneurysm repair, EVAR) in the long-term postoperative period (2 years) in the presence of concomitant gastric cancer, detected during a follow-up examination before planned surgery.

The article presents a comprehensive analysis and comparison of existing technologies for producing jet fuels: hydrotreating, hydrodemercaptanization, and oxidative demercaptanization. For the majority of considered indicators, hydrodemercaptanization demonstrates clear advantages: its simplicity, reliability, and efficiency permit rapid increases in jet fuel production.

The solution of the strategic tasks of the Russian Federation development requires a significant improvement of the higher professional education system and training of competent specialists who are able to perform the professional and social functions necessary for society. In the article, the author analyzes the features of the safety culture formation in the process of training bachelors of technosphere safety, whose professional activity is aimed at ensuring human safety in the modern world. The main condition for the training of competent bachelors at the university is the formation of general cultural and professional competencies in life safety. The conducted theoretical and methodological analysis and generalization of the engineering education experience in the direction of training “Technosphere safety” has revealed the problems of the professionally significant qualities formation and safe thinking in technosphere safety bachelors. The content of the concepts: “general cultural competence of a bachelor of technosphere safety” and “culture of technosphere safety” and a group of general cultural competencies that should be formed in graduates of this direction are clarified, a connection between the level of the formed culture of life safety in the technosphere and the level of acceptable risk accepted in society have been established. Peculiarities of safety culture formation and competence value-semantic orientation, which a bachelor of technosphere safety has, are observed by using the developed training course “Cultural foundations of technosphere safety”. Keywords: life safety culture, technosphere safety, general cultural competencies, bachelor’s degree, safe thinking, technosphere, acceptable risk

The measurements of Montenbrook et al. to determine the water surface level of the Walchensee alpine lake in Bavaria (Germany) are a vivid example of the manifestation of the peculiarities of the relationship between the GPS satellite system as a source and remote sensing of the Earth’s surface. The experiments were conducted in 2007 in the framework the GORS (GPS Occultation, Reflectometry and Scatterometry) program. The authors described the observed features in detail but did not provide their physical justification. In this study, it is shown that the observed effects are caused by the resonant interaction of electromagnetic waves with a medium containing Rydberg molecular complexes. They are the main reason for the delay of satellite constellation signals at altitudes of 60 to 110 km.

The article presents a case of a hybrid intervention using an arterial allograft on the great arteries of the lower extremities in a patient with chronic limb threatening ischemia and prosthetic infection. The patient has a history of repeated operations using synthetic polytetrafluoroethylene and dacron prostheses. In the early postoperative period, a clinical presentation of the prosthesis bed suppuration developed. The article shows the main phases of patient treatment: removal of synthetic prostheses, transplantation of the donor femoral artery, and balloon angioplasty of the popliteal and anterolateral arteries. In the postoperative period, blood circulation in the lower limb is fully compensated, and the dorsal pedis artery pulse is determined. Wounds were healed by primary intention. At the control visit after 6 months, no adverse events were revealed; according to the data of duplex scanning, the main blood flow in the arteries of the leg was recorded, the blood circulation was fully compensated. Thus, hybrid intervention using arterial allograft and balloon angioplasty of the popliteal and anterolateral tibial arteries proved to be an effective method of treatment in the current clinical situation.

Relevance. The present time can be called a period of accumulation of experience of national health systems in different countries of the world in the application of transport extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) technology at the pre- and inter-hospital stages of evacuation of patients to specialized ECMO-therapy centers. The role of such centers is to provide timely advice and, if necessary, perform inter-hospital evacuation.Material and methods. The study summarized and analyzed with the help of the national register “RosECMO” the own experience of 13 hospitals in the Russian Federation, who performed 68 inter-hospital evacuations under ECMO conditions by different modes of transport in patients of different age groups with symptoms of circulatory and respiratory failure. The following parameters were evaluated: characteristics of transport ECMO, clinical manifestations of potentially negative effects of transport, hospital survival, as well as the effect of experience (less and more than 10 cases of transport ECMO) of the presented clinics on the difference in the results obtained.Results. Connecting patients to the ECMO device reduces the likelihood of death on the SOFA and APACHE IV scales by 1.2 times (p Conclusion. The results of the first stage of the study we obtained indicate the prospects of using the method of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation at the stage of inter-hospital evacuation, due to the effective stabilization of the patient’s condition and a significant reduction in the risks of the likelihood of death. Clinics with less clinical experience showed significantly worse results of hospital survival of patients who underwent inter-hospital transportation under conditions of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation compared to clinics with more clinical experience, which can be a significant argument in adopting a model for the development of specialized regional centers for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The experience accumulated over the past six years and the analysis of new data from the register of transport cases of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation of the national healthcare system will make it possible to formulate the correct trajectory for the development of the method of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and its application, including at the stage of pre- and inter-hospital evacuations of patients.

Controlled self-assembly of plasmonic photonic nanostructures provides a cost-effective and efficient methodology to expand plasmonic photonic nano-platforms with unique, tunable, and coupled optical characteristics. Keeping advantages and challenges in view, this review highlights contemporary advancements towards the development of self-assembly of a plasmonic photonic nanostructure using a colloidal solution and a self-assembly modeling technique along with exploring novel optical properties and associated prospects. The potential applications of self-assembled plasmonic photonic nano-systems to investigate next-generation optoelectronic devices, the need to reduce and increase scaling up aspects, and improve the performance, are also covered briefly in the review. The need of considerable efforts for the design and development towards establishing novel cost-effective methods to fabricate controlled self-assembled smart nano-plasmonic platforms is also highlighted in this mini-review. Key confronting issues that precisely limit the self-assemblies of photonic nanostructures and desired integration with other device components, mainly including uniformity within miniaturized devices are also discussed. This review will serve as a guideline and platform to plan advanced research in developing self-assembled plasmonic photonic nano-systems to investigate smart functional optical devices.

A method for determining the parameters of heating systems for hydraulic presses is proposed, including: decomposition of the general problem into optimization tasks for elements of a heating system; mathematical formulations of optimization tasks and determination of information flows between them; the structural determination of automation system for selecting parameter values of hydraulic press heating systems and the functions of its elements; the development of mathematical models describing the functionality of heating systems elements for hydraulic presses along with corresponding information models for storing and processing information about the source data and results of solving optimization tasks; the formation of a relational database of heating system elements for hydraulic presses, whose tables are based on the analysis of information models representing the characteristics of press elements and sets of permissible values of the characteristics to be selected. Elements of the developed automation system for determining the parameters of heating systems were used to perform calculations of heating systems for industrial presses ordered by Tambovpolymermash Plant JSC and ARTI-Zavod JSC.

The article describes the experience of using allografts in surgery of the main arteries of the lower limbs. The urgency of using bioprostheses is briefly shown. The management of patients with infectious complications remains an unsolved problem in vascular surgery. Reconstructive vascular surgery is often repeated. Operations are often performed in the presence of extensive necrosis and trophic ulcers. The autovein is not always available for reconstruction of the main artery , which is why the issue of choosing a material for repeated reconstruction remains relevant. The medical literature has shown the tendency of xenoprostheses to aneurysmal transformation in the postoperative period. There is not a lot of information in the world and domestic sources on the use of arterial allografts. The lack of clear indications and contraindications for use, optimal preservation periods, the choice of the necessary preservatives and a suitable medium do not allow the widespread use of allografts in practical surgery if there is access to the technology of vascular collection, conservation and transplantation. The problem of using allografts requires further study. In this regard, the experience of using allografts in two non­standard clinical situations is presented. It was concluded that it is possible to effectively use freshly prepared arterial allografts from a postmortem donor during reconstruction in patients with critical ischemia of the lower extremities in the absence of a suitable autovein and the impossibility of using a synthetic prosthesis.

The article is devoted to the theoretical foundations and analysis of the experience of subjects of the Russian Federation in the field of regional development risk management. The article examines the concept of risk, its difference and relationship with the concepts of uncertainty, threat, danger, security and others. It is determined that dangers are constantly present in the regional economy. And risk, as a measurable uncertainty with multiple outcomes, for which the probability of occurrence of a risk event is calculated, is manifested as a result of the occurrence of a hazard. When comparing the concepts of risk and security, this means that the security of the regional economy is manifested in the ability to resist threats and manage risks, and not in the complete absence of dangers. It is revealed that ISO standards distinguish between the concepts of risk management and risk management. For further discussion, risk management is understood as a systematic approach to using the full range of mechanisms available to public authorities to reduce emerging risks and threats to the socio-economic development of the region. Further, the analysis of risk management in the practice of regional management on the example of the Omsk, Novosibirsk and Tyumen regions is carried out. The relevant tools in the activities of government bodies, such as territorial development strategies, state programs and projects, were identified, which allowed us to introduce a classification of risks with the allocation of strategic, tactical risks of territorial development and project management risks, among which there is a strategic level. The analysis of the implemented tools for compliance with the mandatory stages of risk management showed mainly the absence of risk identification, unified requirements for risk accounting and systematic risk management of regional development. Among the assessed regions, the Tyumen region has the best practices in terms of risk management. For a more detailed analysis authors highlighted the key institutional and instrumental elements of risk management such as risk committee, strategic risk map, risk register, action plan for risk management, and defined logical relationships between them.

Employing the finite element and computational fluid dynamics methods, we have determined the conditions for the fragmentation of space bodies or preservation of their integrity when they penetrate into the Earth's atmosphere. The origin of forces contributing to the fragmentation of space iron bodies during the passage through the dense layers of the planetary atmosphere has been studied. It was shown that the irregular shape of the surface can produce transverse aerodynamic forces capable of causing deformation stress in the body exceeding the tensile strength threshold of iron., Comment: 9 pages, 14 figures

In this research, we investigate threshold voltage drift in a B-Te based OTS device under various operation conditions. To this aim, drift of threshold voltage after a switching process is examined. From the measurements, we find that the threshold voltage required to switch the device back after the first switching process decreases when the interval between the voltage pulsespplied for the switching is shorter than $10 \mu \text{s}$ , and becomes drift-free afterward. This result implies that a certain amount of heat is generated during the first switch which results in higher local temperature that lowers the threshold voltage, and is dissipated completely after $10 \mu \text{s}$ . A 3D finite element simulation is provided to demonstrate the thermal effect induced by the switching pulse. Our results demonstrate that the threshold voltage of the Te-based OTS device is affected by thermal effects during switching at short time scales, and thus indicate that the threshold voltage drift should be considered carefully in the fast device operation.

—We report the development of a photosensor device based on a position-sensitive detector with a gallium arsenide (GaAs) cathode and a 16-element anode. In the case of asymmetric heterostatic circuit (electrodes combined in fours) its working field was limited by 10 mm (for a 18-mm photocathode). Implementing a scheme of analog coding of the coordinates of the centroids of electron avalanches arriving to the anode in the photosensor device made it possible to increase the field size to 14 mm and achieve a spatial resolution of 50 μm. The resulting photosensor device is used as the principal component of a multimode field photopolarimeter in observations with a microsecond time resolution on the 6-m telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences. We report some of the results obtained in the process of this work.

A new system for measuring the position of the beam in a pulsed transport channel from the VEPP-3 storage ring to the VEPP-4M collider is discussed, which provides measurement of the position and intensity of an electron or positron beam in one span. For reliable operation of the experimental complex, it is necessary to continuously monitor the beam trajectory in a non-destructive manner, as well as to measure the possible losses of the beam charge. In 2018, new sensors and new electronics of the beam position measurement system were developed, manufactured, and installed in the transportation channel, which provide much greater accuracy compared to the old system. In the new system, it was possible to almost completely eliminate interference and to achieve measurement accuracy better than 0.02 mm, which is more than enough for optimal tuning of the channel optics and achieving high bypass efficiency. The design of the sensor, the structure and the main features of the construction of electronics are described, the accuracy of measurements is analyzed, and some results of the operation of the new system in the channel are given.

The paper presents a mathematical model of deformation of thin-walled cylindrical shell panels, taking into account transverse shears, geometric nonlinearity, and the presence of ribbed stiffeners. Dimensionless parameters are used. The computational algorithm is based on using the Ritz method and the method of continuation of the solution with respect to the best parameter. There are shown the values of critical buckling loads for several variants of structures, depending on the chosen method of taking into account the reinforcement and the number of stiffeners.

Today, laparoscopic interventions on the abdominal organs cover an increasing range of application in both planned and emergency surgery. The case-study presents a clinical observation of the successful application of laparoscopic technology in a 59-year-old patient with a giant neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas, admitted to hospital for emergency reasons with acute diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Abdominal mass formation. According to the patient, she was not previously examined on an outpatient basis, was not observed by specialized specialists. In connection with the increase in pain and the lack of positive dynamics on the background of the ongoing conservative treatment after a full examination, the patient is served in the operating room for diagnostic laparoscopy, in which the picture of cystic neoplasm of the pancreatic tail. Performed laparoscopically assisted corporal coronary resection of the pancreas, drainage of the abdominal cavity.The histological conclusion: the wall of the cyst adjacent to the pancreatic tissue is represented by the growth of endocrine large cell carcinoma. The wall of the second cyst is represented by fibrous tissue with foci of hemorrhage and diffuse lymphocytic infiltration.Diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors is based on the identification of a clinical picture due to hormonal dysfunctions; however, in patients with non-functioning neuroendocrine tumors, it is a difficult task to identify or suspect such a disease. The modern development of laparoscopic surgery after the period of mastering almost all types of surgical interventions has not exhausted its potential and requires improvement in new sections of surgery, including interventions on the pancreas in a first-aid hospital.

The non-isothermal process of free compression for the materials, obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, during which the material undergoes shear deformation, is considered. The mathematical model of this process is developed in a cylindrical coordinate system under assumptions about the constancy of the press plunger's linear velocity during the pressing time, the linear and quadratic relationship between the density of the material's sample and its height. With the application of this model the decisions can be taken regarding the additional heat sources use (heaters in the plate) to compensate for heat losses or create a special temperature profile in products, the use of special molds, the need of thermal insulation.

BPM system for transport channel Booster–Nuclotron at NICA facility [1] is developing now at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP). The system consists of 6 electrostatic 2-coordinate BPMs and processing electronics. It is capable to measure ion beam trajectory after each shot. The electronics consists of Preamplifiers installed near BPMs and signal processing modules located in safe room. At present a prototype of BPM electronics is fabricated and tested. Software on base of TANGO is developing now for BPM system control.

Developed in BINP wideband beam position monitor (BPM) electronics has been installed at the VEPP-4M electron-positron collider. The VEPP-4M operates with two electron and two positron bunches. Wide bandwidth of new electronics (200 MHz) allows the separate measurements of electron and positron bunches with time interval between bunches up to 18 ns. At present upgrade all 54 BPMs are supplied with new electronics. The electronics can measure the position of each of four bunches. BPM system works at two modes: slow closed orbit measurements and turn-by-turn measurements. We present details of system design and operation.

Aim To study the effect of regular drug therapy for cardiovascular and other diseases preceding the COVID-19 infection on severity and outcome of COVID-19 based on data of the ACTIVE (Analysis of dynamics of Comorbidities in paTIents who surVived SARS-CoV-2 infEction) registry.Material and methods The ACTIVE registry was created at the initiative of the Eurasian Association of Therapists. The registry includes 5 808 male and female patients diagnosed with COVID-19 treated in a hospital or at home with a due protection of patients’ privacy (data of nasal and throat smears; antibody titer; typical CT imaging features). The register territory included 7 countries: the Russian Federation, the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Moldova, and the Republic of Uzbekistan. The registry design: a closed, multicenter registry with two nonoverlapping arms (outpatient arm and in-patient arm). The registry scheduled 6 visits, 3 in-person visits during the acute period and 3 virtual visits (telephone calls) at 3, 6, and 12 mos. Patient enrollment started on June 29, 2020 and was completed on October 29, 2020. The registry completion is scheduled for October 29, 2022. The registry ID: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04492384. In this fragment of the study of registry data, the work group analyzed the effect of therapy for comorbidities at baseline on severity and outcomes of the novel coronavirus infection. The study population included only the patients who took their medicines on a regular basis while the comparison population consisted of noncompliant patients (irregular drug intake or not taking drugs at all despite indications for the treatment).ResultsThe analysis of the ACTIVE registry database included 5808 patients. The vast majority of patients with COVID-19 had comorbidities with prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. Medicines used for the treatment of COVID-19 comorbidities influenced the course of the infectious disease in different ways. A lower risk of fatal outcome was associated with the statin treatment in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD); with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor antagonists and with beta-blockers in patients with IHD, arterial hypertension, chronic heart failure (CHF), and atrial fibrillation; with oral anticoagulants (OAC), primarily direct OAC, clopidogrel/prasugrel/ticagrelor in patients with IHD; with oral antihyperglycemic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM); and with long-acting insulins in patients with type 1 DM. A higher risk of fatal outcome was associated with the spironolactone treatment in patients with CHF and with inhaled corticosteroids (iCS) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Conclusion In the epoch of COVID-19 pandemic, a lower risk of severe course of the coronavirus infection was observed for patients with chronic noninfectious comorbidities highly compliant with the base treatment of the comorbidity.

The organizer of the registers “Dynamics analysis of comorbidities in SARSCoV-2 survivors” (AKTIV) and “Analysis of hospitalizations of comorbid patients infected during the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak” (AKTIV 2) is the Eurasian Association of Therapists (EAT). Currently, there are no clinical registries in the Eurasian region designed to collect and analyze information on long-term outcomes of COVID-19 survivors with comorbid conditions. The aim of the register is to assess the impact of a novel coronavirus infection on long-term course of chronic non-communicable diseases 3, 6, 12 months after recovery, as well as to obtain information on the effect of comorbidity on the severity of COVID-19. Analysis of hospitalized patients of a possible second wave is planned for register “AKTIV 2”. To achieve this goal, the register will include men and women over 18 years of age diagnosed with COVID-19 who are treated in a hospital or in outpatient basis. The register includes 25 centers in 5 federal districts of the Russian Federation, centers in the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Moldova, and the Republic of Uzbekistan. The estimated capacity of the register is 5400 patients.

The paper relates to a spatial correlation of polarization characteristics of radio waves scattered from ionized meteor trails. The accurate modeling of polarization of meteor radio reflections is achieved through a separate consideration of oblique diffraction on meteor trails of both the longitudinal and the transverse components of the electric field of incident radio waves. The Faraday polarization twist due to propagation in the ionosphere is also taken into account. By a computer simulation of two typical meteor radio links, we assess a correlation between the polarizations of the radio reflections received at two separate antennas spaced at various distances and along various azimuth directions. It is shown that, in some cases, a coherence radius of the polarization characteristics may exceed 100 km, and its main limiting factor is an inhomogeneity of scattering properties along the meteor trail. The obtained spatial correlation curves are crucial for assessing secrecy of the shared encryption keys generated from the measurements of random polarizations of meteor radio reflections. Our estimates reveal a certain vulnerability of the polarization-based key generation systems to the channel eavesdropping.

The article is devoted to the problem of understanding and determination of one of the most important technological properties of structural engineering materials—their workability by cutting and rational technological conditions for cutting based on energy criteria of specific cutting work. Classical methods for determining workability are based on long-term and expensive resistance tests aimed at establishing the maximum cutting speed under reference conditions. In practice, the true values of the material workability coefficients may differ significantly from the tabular ones due to the spread of properties between nominally similar billets within the batch or between batches of billets, and often the values of these properties are not guaranteed or are not known at all. In this regard, reliable express-methods for determining the true workability are relevant for the mechanical engineering, allowing to establish rational processing modes and geometric parameters of the cutting tools. On the example of ISO-P structural steel cutting, the article shows that such express-methods can be based on the energy regularities of the chip formation process. The workability coefficients of widely used materials obtained in the standard test conditions differ from the corresponding reference values by no more than 6–8%, which allows us to conclude that the correct express-method for determining the true workability of structural steels in production conditions is obtained.

Using the formalism of dynamical scattering of spatially restricted X-ray fields, the diffraction of a microbeam in a crystal with boundary functions for the incident and reflected amplitudes was studied in the case of geometrical optics and the Fresnel approximation (FA). It is shown that, for a wide front of the X-ray field, the angular distributions of the scattered intensity in the geometrical optics approximation (GOA) and the FA are approximately the same. On the other hand, it is established that, for a narrow exit slit in the diffraction scheme, it is always necessary to take into account the X-ray diffraction at the slit edges. Reciprocal-space maps and the distribution of the diffraction intensity of the microbeam inside the crystal were calculated.

Gastrointestinal haemorrhage is a common cause of emergency admission of patients to surgical hospitals. Within the structure of nosological entities, not unreasonably referred to the rarest causes of gastrointestinal bleeding is the formation of an aortointestinal fistula whose early diagnosis is of paramount importance. The clinical picture may be different but it is mostly represented by gastrointestinal haemorrhage. The incidence of gastrointestinal fistulas following a surgical intervention ranges from 0.6 to 2.3%. Unless timely diagnosed and with incorrect therapeutic decision-making, the mortality rate amounts to 90%. In this article we present a clinical case report regarding successful treatment of a patient presenting with a secondary aortoduodenal fistula occurring 5 years after previously performed aortofemoral bypass grafting and complicated by relapsing intestinal bleeding and acute ischaemia of the right lower extremity.Желудочно-кишечные кровотечения являются распространенной причиной экстренной госпитализации в стационары хирургического профиля. В структуре нозологий к наиболее редким причинам желудочно-кишечного кровотечения относят формирование аорто-кишечной фистулы, при которой ранняя диагностика имеет первостепенное значение. Клиническая картина может быть различной, но в основном она представлена желудочно-кишечным кровотечением. Распространенность образования аорто-кишечной фистулы после оперативного вмешательства варьируется от 0,6 до 2,3%. При отсутствии своевременной диагностики и неправильном выборе тактики лечения летальность составляет до 90%. В статье представлено клиническое наблюдение успешного лечения больного со вторичной аорто-дуоденальной фистулой, возникшей через 5 лет после выполненного аорто-бедренного шунтирования, и осложненной рецидивирующим кишечным кровотечением и острой ишемией правой нижней конечности.

Silicon (Si) nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by methods of laser ablation in water are explored as sensitizers of photothermal therapy under a laser excitation in the window of relative tissue transparency. Based on theoretical calculations and experimental data, it is shown that the NPs can be heated up to temperatures above 42–50 °C by laser diode irradiation at 808 nm in continuous wave (CW) and quasi-continuous wave (QCW) regimes. Profiting from the laser-induced heating, a high efficiency Si-NPs as sensitizers of the hyperthermia of cells in Paramecium Caudatum model is demonstrated. The QCW regime is found to be more efficient, leading to complete cell destruction even under relatively mild laser irradiation conditions. The obtained data evidence a great potential in using laser-ablated Si-NPs as sensitizers of photohyperthermia in antibacterial or cancer therapy applications.

Aiming at significant enhancement of laser cleaning efficiency and productivity, we studied several typical experimental cases including removal of contaminated layers from absorbing surfaces, paying special attention to elimination of the thick rusty layers, and removal of absorbing coatings from transparent substrates. Nanosecond pulses of Nd:YAG laser were used in all the cases at variation of the mode content of the laser beam which was achieved by applying a multimode fiber delivery of radiation. Both, air and water ambient were used in the experiments. The results are discussed in terms of plasma microexplosions in the domain of the substrate–layer interface and the vapor bubbles formation inside the thick rusty layer impregnated with liquid.

Using methods of pulsed laser ablation from a silicon target in helium (He)-nitrogen (N2) gas mixtures maintained at reduced pressures (0.5&ndash, 5 Torr), we fabricated substrate-supported silicon (Si) nanocrystal-based films exhibiting a strong photoluminescence (PL) emission, which depended on the He/N2 ratio. We show that, in the case of ablation in pure He gas, Si nanocrystals exhibit PL bands centered in the &ldquo, red - near infrared&rdquo, (maximum at 760 nm) and &ldquo, green&rdquo, (centered at 550 nm) spectral regions, which can be attributed to quantum-confined excitonic states in small Si nanocrystals and to local electronic states in amorphous silicon suboxide (a-SiOx) coating, respectively, while the addition of N2 leads to the generation of an intense &ldquo, green-yellow&rdquo, PL band centered at 580 nm. The origin of the latter band is attributed to a radiative recombination in amorphous oxynitride (a-SiNxOy) coating of Si nanocrystals. PL transients of Si nanocrystals with SiOx and a-SiNxOy coatings demonstrate nonexponential decays in the micro- and submicrosecond time scales with rates depending on nitrogen content in the mixture. After milling by ultrasound and dispersing in water, Si nanocrystals can be used as efficient non-toxic markers for bioimaging, while the observed spectral tailoring effect makes possible an adjustment of the PL emission of such markers to a concrete bioimaging task.

The paper describes the NRV web knowledge base on low-energy nuclear physics developed in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. The NRV knowledge base working through the Internet integrates a large amount of digitized experimental data on the properties of nuclei and nuclear reaction cross sections with a wide range of computational programs for modeling of nuclear properties and nuclear dynamics. Today, the NRV becomes a powerful instrument for nuclear physics research as well as for educational applications. Advantages of the functioning scheme of the knowledge base provide the synergy of coexistence of the experimental data and computational codes within one platform.

Activating mutations of EGFR are associated with sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC ) to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Liquid biopsy using circulating cell-free tumor DNA (cfDNA) is proposed in cases when formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue is not available and for monitoring of EGFR status. In the study we evaluated new qPC R assay for EGFR mutations in plasma cfDNA. Sensitivity of the assay was 1 % of the mutant allele for L858R, L861Q, S768I mutations and deletions in exon 19, and 5 % of the mutant allele for G719X or T790M mutations Before surgery, mutation was detected in plasma of 4 out of 7 patients (57 %) with mutant EGFR in FFPE tumor tissue. Mutations found in cfDNA completely matched those found in tumor tissue in 2 cases. In one case with G719X and S768I mutations in FFPE tissue, only S768I was found in cfDNA. In another case, T790M was detected in plasma in addition to L858R that was present in tumor tissue. No EGFR mutations were detected in plasma DNA from 12 healthy volunteers and 13 cases of NSCLC with wt EGFR suggesting 100 % specificity of the assay. Liquid biopsy detected EGFR mutations in cfDNA in 8 of 16 cases of NSCLC with mutant EGFR being under therapy with TKI. Among them, 7 cases had mutations in liquid biopsy that matched those in tumor tissue and another case had T790M in addition to L858R. In 3 cases increased mutant allele frequency was detected 212 months before clinical progression.

Introduction. As our analysis has shown, the literature offers very few publications that address the issue of diagnosing motives for scientific activity in adult research professionals. Being guided by the principles of the meta-system approach, we developed the concept of motivation toward scientific activity as a theoretical foundation for the appropriate diagnostic technique. According to this concept, motivation toward scientific activity includes 10 various motivational subsystems (groups of motives) such as external, internal, value, cognitive, reflexive, and indirect ones, competition-, security-, and achievement-related motives, and anti-motivation. These subsystems are reflected in the corresponding scales of the developed technique. Methods. A total of 944 research professionals at various research institutes, including universities, and commercial scientific organizations from different cities of the Russian Federation participated in this study. Exploratory factor analysis was employed to select tasks for the technique. Results. The final version included 70 items (7 for each of the 10 scales), of which 25,71% were ‘reverse-worded’ and 74,29% were ‘positive-worded’. The technique met the criteria of test-retest reliability (r= .899, р = .001), half-split reliability (Spearman–Brown: r= .822, p = .001; Rulon: r= .814, p = .01), and internal consistency reliability (r= .814, p≤ .05). The authors determined empirical validity of the technique by examining the relationship between scientific productivity and motivation. The Motivational Profile test by W. Richie and P. Martin was instrumental in testing construct validity. A Shapiro–Wilk test showed that the scores for each scale were normally distributed, which made it possible to use sten-score scales. Discussion. The practice of psychological support of research activity at the RAS research institutes and R&D commercial organizations enabled authors to provide recommendations for chiefs, psychologists, and human resource managers for managing and optimizing the structure and level of motivation among research workers and increasing their labour productivity.

PCR clamping/wild-type blocking PCR with non-extendable locked nucleic acid (LNA) oligonucleotides is used for sensitive detection of somatic mutations in tumors. Various versions of the technique use different DNA polymerases and LNA oligonucleotides with and without additional phosphorothioate modifications. Here we studied requirements for successful PCR clamping with LNA oligonucleotides and Taq DNA polymerase for analysis of mutations in KRAS and BRAF genes by means of real-time PCR and Sanger sequencing. We found that addition of phosphorothioate linkages at the 5’-end of LNA oligonucleotide to protect from 5’- exonuclease activity of Taq DNA polymerase did not improve clamping. For most target sequences, efficient clamping was observed at melting temperature of LNA oligonucleotide 20‑25°C above annealing/extension temperature of the PCR with a 2-step protocol. Under such conditions, simple and sensitive detection of mutations in KRAS and BRAF genes was feasible using real-time PCR with TaqMan probes or Sanger sequencing.

We propose to utilize titanium nitride (TiN) as an alternative material for linear periodic chains (LPCs) of nanoparticles (NPs) which support surface plasmon polariton (SPP) propagation. Dispersion and transmission properties of LPCs have been examined within the framework of the dipole approximation for NPs with various shapes: spheres, prolate and oblate spheroids. It is shown that LPCs of TiN NPs support high-Q eigenmodes for an SPP attenuation that is comparable with LPCs from conventional plasmonic materials such as Au or Ag, with the advantage that the refractory properties and cheap fabrication of TiN nanostructures are more preferable in practical implementations compared to Au and Ag. We show that the SPP decay in TiN LPCs remains almost the same even at extremely high temperatures which is impossible to reach with conventional plasmonic materials. Finally, we show that the bandwidth of TiN LPCs from non-spherical particles can be tuned from the visible to the telecommunication wavelength range by switching the SPP polarization, which is an attractive feature for integrating these structures into modern photonic devices.

Spindle-cell lung carcinoma is a very rare disease, one of the forms of biphasic squamous-cell carcinoma, which can be detected in isolated cases. Despite different descriptions of this pathology, currently there is no consensus about methods of its exact morphological diagnosis and effective treatment. Therefore, it is very important to study all existing at the moment results of spindle-cell carcinoma research for the purpose of systematization and analysis of available data and development of effective methods of the disease control. The review contains modern understanding of clinical medicine about the tumor and different methods of its classification and identification based on worldwide scientific experience. The results of the research of spindle-cell lung carcinoma development causes are discussed, and statistical measures of its detection and used treatment methods are described. Spindle-cell lung carcinoma, frequently affecting male smokers as a large peripheral focus, has unfavourable prognosis even in those cases when the diagnosis was made at the early stage and radical surgery was performed. Distant metastases occur more frequently and earlier than in other tumors of the same group, and survival after recurrence is very low. One of the most promising methods of treatment in case of such malignancy is targeted immunotherapy such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies aimed at inhibiting immune control point.

Surface lattice resonances (SLRs) emerging in regular arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) are known to be exceptionally sensitive to the homogeneity of the environment. It is considered necessary to have a homogeneous environment for engineering narrowband SLRs, while in a half-space environment, SLRs rapidly vanish as the contrast between the refractive indices of the substrate and superstrate increases. From this conventional wisdom, it is apparent that the delicate lattice Kerker effect emerging from SLRs and resonances on constituent NPs should be difficult to achieve in a non-homogeneous environment. Using a rigorous theoretical treatment with multipolar decomposition, we surprisingly find and explain a narrowband substrate-mediated lattice Kerker effect in two-dimensional arrays of Al nanocylinders in a half-space geometry. We propose to use this effect for sensing applications and demonstrate its broad tunability across the UV/Vis wavelength range.

The review presents current data from foreign studies of a rare tumor — carotid chemodectoma, particularly, about its prevalence, classification, clinical presentation, applicability of different diagnostics methods, and also on efficiency of treatment of this disease and complications developing after it in terms of described clinical cases. Search for relevant sources was carried out in Medline, US National Library of Medicine, Elibrary systems, in Cochrane Library and peer-reviewed scientific journals. A total of 26 studies were found, 22 of them were included in the review. Carotid chemodectoma is most often characterized by benign course, but, because of its scarce clinical presentation, specific examination methods are required for its accurate diagnosis. Surgical resection is usually used for the treatment of carotid chemodectoma, and in case of contraindications for the surgery, radiotherapy is applied (as a palliative method). The most widespread complications after surgical treatment are cranial nerve damage, intraoperative bleeding and ischemic stroke. Several cases were described in literature, when scientists from different countries (USA, Korea) attempted to decrease risk of complications by use of preoperational embolization, but that led to new complications, particularly, to migration of embolic material. At the same time, scientists from Netherlands noted some decrease of the number of postoperative complications when craniocaudal method was used. To date the only effective method of treatment of carotid chemodectoma is still surgical resection, but it cannot be used in a broad variety of cases. Moreover, the world surgical practice has no effective techniques for prevention of different complications occurring in postoperative period, that reduces possibilities of successful patients’ recovery. Therefore, to decrease the rate of postoperative complications and to increase patients survival rate further studies are required.

Light trapping is a crucial prominence to improve the efficiency in thin film solar cells. However, last few years, plasmonic based thin film solar cells shows potential structure to improve efficiency in photovoltaics. In order to achieve the high efficiency in plasmonic based thin film solar cells, traditionally noble metals like Silver (Ag) and Gold (Au) are extensively used due to their ability to localize the light in nanoscale structures. In this paper, we numerically demonstrated the absorption enhancement due to the incorporation of novel plasmonic TiN nanoparticles on thin film Silicon Solar cells. Absorption enhancement significantly affected by TiN plasmonic nanoparticles on thin film silicon was studied using Finite-Difference-Time-Domain Method (FDTD). The optimal absorption enhancement 1.2 was achieved for TiN nanoparticles with the diameter of 100 nm. The results show that the plasmonic effect significantly dominant to achieve maximum absorption enhancement g ( λ ) at longer wavelengths (red and near infrared) and as comparable with Au nanoparticle on thin film Silicon. The absorption enhancement can be tuned to the desired position of solar spectrum by adjusting the size of TiN nanoparticles. Effect of nanoparticle diameters on the absorption enhancement was also thoroughly analyzed. The numerically simulated results show that TiN can play the similar role as gold nanoparticles on thin film silicon solar cells. Furthermore, TiN plasmonic material is cheap, abundant and more Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) compatible material than traditional plasmonic metals like Ag and Au, which can be easy integration with other optoelectronic devices.

The VEPP-4M storage ring has been designed for experiments with colliding electron−positron beams, a synchrotron radiation beam, and extracted γ-ray beams at energies of 1−5 GeV. A correct equilibrium beam orbit must be kept in the storage ring to maintain the required experimental conditions. A beam position monitor system is used for this purpose. It includes 54 beam position monitors, monitor signal-processing modules, and synch signals distributors. In 2013–2016, new signal processing modules with a high time resolution were developed and installed at the VEPP-4M storage ring. These have two main advantages over the old modules. First, the new modules allow separate position measurements of electron and positron bunches at an interval between the bunch signals as long as 18 ns. Second, they are able to perform fullfledged turn-by-turn beam position measurements, which is very important for adjustment of the storagering parameters. Turn-by-turn beam position measurements can be performed during injection of a new beam, beam kicking, beam loss, or at an arbitrary instant of time. The structures and main features of the new modules are described, the measurement accuracy is analyzed, and some results of their operation at the storage ring are presented.

A fundamentally new press heating system has been developed for tempering metal objects that provides formation of a required temperature profile within treated objects with prescribed heating and cooling rates and provides hydraulic press system safe operation. Modernization of mathematical description for transient heating processes is proposed in a heated plate – heat insulation – press system providing the use of boundary conditions that imitate the effect of press structural elements in heating plate and heat insulation plate temperature fields.

The classical dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction is expanded to the special case of transversely restricted wavefronts of the incident and reflected waves. This approach allows one to simulate the two-dimensional coherently scattered intensity distribution centred around a particular reciprocal lattice vector in the so-called triple-crystal diffraction scheme. The effect of the diffractometer's instrumental function on X-ray diffraction data was studied.

The rolling of VT-6 alloy billets with profiled ends in a screw rolling mill is studied to determine the geometry of the end sections minimizing the funnel depth after rolling. The rolling experiment conducted is of 23 factorial design. The nonstationary stages of the process are simulated using Deform-3D software. The results of the simulation are used to find the shape and dimensions of the end sections of the billet that minimize the funnel depth.

The paper describes the principles of organization and operation of the NRV web knowledge base on low-energy nuclear physics ( http://nrv.jinr.ru/ ) which integrates a large amount of digitized experimental data on the properties of nuclei and nuclear reaction cross sections with a wide range of computational programs for modeling of nuclear properties and various processes of nuclear dynamics which work directly in the browser of a remote user. The paper also gives an overview of the current situation in the field of application of network information technologies in nuclear physics. The features of the NRV knowledge base are illustrated in detail on the example of the analysis of nucleon transfer reactions within the distorted wave Born approximation.