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Automisation of agricultural processes provides the benefits of increased efficiency, productivity, healthy crops, efficient use of resources & material and labour cost savings. In this paper, an autonomous seed-sowing robot is designed to cope up the above goals. The robot divides the field into a grid with intersection points as places where the seeds are sown. The depth of the hole, the distance between points where the seeds are sown is calculated according to government data and is fed to the logic board of the robot. The robot goes to the starting points and makes a hole using a toothed wheel with teeth of increasing height. The delivery system makes sure that only one seed is dispensed per hole and the back plate mechanism fills the hole after sowing is done. Sensors are used for obstacle detection and robot changes its path accordingly. There are several robots available in the market and research has been done on many more, that perform the above functions separately but no one has integrated all the above functions in one system. The proposed robot does this and provides a better solution for low productivity nations.

The current status of the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) is summarized. The main physics goals are described followed by the motivation for building a magnetized iron calorimetric (ICAL) detector. The charge identification capability of ICAL would make it complementary to large water Cerenkov and other detectors worldwide. The status of the design of the 50 kt magnet, the construction of a prototype ICAL detector, the experience with resistive plate chambers which will be the active elements in ICAL and the status of the associated electronics and data acquisition system are discussed.