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The structural properties of highly mismatched III-V semiconductors with small amounts of Bi are still not well understood at the atomic level. In this chapter, the potential of cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy (X-STM) to address these questions is reviewed. Special attention is paid to the X-STM contrast of isovalent impurities in the III-V system, which is discussed on the basis of theoretical STM images of the (110) surface using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. By comparing high-resolution X-STM images with complementary DFT calculations, Bi atoms down to the third monolayer below the InP (110) surface are identified. With this information, the Short-range ordering of Bi is studied, which reveals a strong tendency toward Bi pairing and clustering. In addition, the occurrence of Bi surface segregation at the interfaces of an InP/InP1−xBix/InP quantum well with a Bi concentration of 2.4 % is discussed.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:To develop and validate Peking University Third Hospital Score (PKUTH Score) for the prediction of intraoperative blood loss volume in radical nephrectomy and thrombectom...

In view of the fact that the deep convolutional neural network has stronger ability of feature learning and feature expression, an exploratory research is done on feature extraction and classification for high resolution remote sensing images. Taking the Google image with 0.3 meter spatial resolution in Ludian area of Yunnan Province as an example, the image segmentation object was taken as the basic unit, and the pre-trained AlexNet deep convolution neural network model was used for feature extraction. And the spectral features, AlexNet features and GLCM texture features are combined with multi-kernel learning and SVM classifier, finally the classification results were compared and analyzed. The results show that the deep convolution neural network can extract more accurate remote sensing image features, and significantly improve the overall accuracy of classification, and provide a reference value for earthquake disaster investigation and remote sensing disaster evaluation.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Taraxacum mongolicum Hand .- Mazz is a famous medicinal plant in China, has been listed in the Pharmacopoeia of the People׳s Republic of China and used to treat infection, fever, upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia, and other infectious diseases. This study aims to evaluate the possible mechanisms responsible for the anti-inflammation effects of water extract of T. mongolicum Hand .- Mazz (WETMHM) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory in acute lung injury. Materials and methods Female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups with 10 mice in each group: (1) control group (saline), (2) LPS group, (3) LPS+dexamethasone (LPS+Dex, 2 mg/kg, administered by gavage), (4) LPS+WETMHM (5 g/kg, administered by gavage), (5) LPS+WETMHM (10 g/kg, administered by gavage). The cell counting in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured. The animal lung edema degree was evaluated by wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio. The superoxidase dismutase (SOD) activity and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were assayed by SOD and MPO kits, respectively. The levels of inflammation mediators including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were assayed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Pathological changes of lung tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The levels of P-PI3K, PI3K, P-Akt, Akt, P-mTOR and mTOR were measured by Western blotting. Results The data showed that treatment with the WETMHM inhibited LPS-induced inflammation: (1) WETMHM attenuated inflammation cell numbers in the BALF, (2) decreased protein levels of lung PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and (3) improved SOD activity and (4) inhibited MPO activity; (5) histological studies demonstrated that WETMHM substantially inhibited LPS-induced neutrophils in lung tissue. Conclusion The results indicated that the WETMHM had a protective effect on LPS-induced ALI in mice.

In this study, we investigated anti-inflammatory effects of esculin (ESC) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). ALI was induced in mice by intratracheal instillation of LPS, and ESC (20 and 40 mg/kg) was given orally 1 h prior to LPS administration. After 6 h, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were collected. ESC pretreatment decreased LPS-induced evident lung histopathological changes, lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, and lung myeloperoxidase activity. In addition, pretreatment with ESC inhibited inflammatory cells and proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 in BALF. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ESC inhibited the Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2), Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response gene-88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 in LPS-induced ALI. The results indicated that the ESC had a protective effect on LPS-induced ALI in mice.

In this work, the anti-asthma potential of platycodin D (PLD) was studied by investigation of its effect to suppress airway inflammation, a murine model of asthma and the possible mechanisms. A total of 50 mice were randomly assigned to five experimental groups: control, ovalbumin (OVA), OVA+dexamethasone (2 mg/kg) and OVA+PLD (40, 80 mg/kg). Airway resistance (Raw) were measured; airway histological studies were evaluated by the hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining; interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-5(IL-5), and interleukin-13 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); NF-κBp65, p-NF-κBp65, p-IKKα, IKKα, p-IKKβ, p-IкBα, and IкBα of airway were measured by Western blotting. Our study demonstrated that PLD inhibited OVA-induced increases in Raw and eosinophil count in airway; IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were recovered in BALF. Histological studies demonstrated that PLD substantially inhibited OVA-induced eosinophilia in airway tissue. Western blotting studies demonstrated that PLD substantially inhibited NF-κB pathway. These findings suggest that PLD may effectively ameliorate the progression of asthma and could be used as a therapy for patients with allergic asthma.

The hyperspectral image has the advantages of wide spectral range and the high spectral resolution, and is widely applied in the terrain classification. In this paper, we study the airborne hyperspectral image classification methods using the airborne hyperspectral image. Considering the hyperspectral image has amounts of bands and there is redundancy among the bands, the principle component analysis is adopted to delete the redundant bands and the noise bands. And then the random forest decision tree algorithm is employed to classify the image. Through calculating the importance coefficient, the contribution of each band to the image classification is acquired. Finally, we design and develop the classification program using the C++ language with the OpenCV library to classify the hyperspectral image of Zhangye city collected by airborne AISA EAGLET sensor. The result of experiment indicates the validity and the robustness of random forest algorithm.

Ergosterol (ERG) has been widely used in the development of novel drugs due to its unique physiological function. However, little is known about the protective effects of ERG on diabetes. Hence, the current study was designed to evaluate the positive role of ergosterol on streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetes in mice. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out to assess blood glucose level. Biochemical parameters such as uric acid, creatinine, serum insulin, triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) were also measured. Pathological condition of kidney was examined by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. The expressions of PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, NF-κBp65, p-NF-κBp65, IκBα, and p-IκBαwere analyzed by western blot. ERG significantly reduced the concentrations of blood glucose, uric acid, creatinine, TG, and TC. Serum insulin was elevated with ERG treatment. In addition, renal pathologic changes of diabetes mice were also alleviated by ERG. Obtained data revealed that ERG restored the levels of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling-related proteins in comparison with diabetes mice. Above all, it could be assumed that ERG might play a positive role in regulating STZ-induced diabetes through suppressing PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective role of acteoside (AC) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). BalB/c mice intraperitoneally received AC (30, and 60 mg/kg) or dexamethasone (2 mg/kg) 2h prior to or after intratracheal instillation of LPS. Treatment with AC significantly decreased lung wet-to-dry weight (W/D) ratio and lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and ameliorated LPS-induced lung histopathological changes. In addition, AC increased super oxide dismutase (SOD) level and inhibited malondialdehyde (MDA) content, total cell and neutrophil infiltrations, and levels of proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in LPS-stimulated mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that AC inhibited the phosphorylation of IκBα, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase-α (IKK-α) and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase-β (IKKβ) in LPS-induced inflammation in A549 cells. Our data suggested that LPS evoked the inflammatory response in lung epithelial cells A549. The experimental results indicated that the protective mechanism of AC might be attributed partly to the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production and NF-κB activation.

According to the Lingshu 靈樞 (Numinous Pivot) section of Huangdi neijing 黃 帝內經 (The Inner Canon [of Medicine] of the Yellow Emperor), the Yellow Emperor (said by legend to have reigned c. 2698–2599 BCE) read all the remedy literature, and distilled from it five methods of treating illness. The first of these was Daoyin xingqi 導引行氣 (Guiding and stretching and moving qi). This article traces the history of the daoyin exercise traditions involving animal impersonation from pre-Qin China to the present day. It uncovers a tale of transformation, on the one hand indicative of the therapeutic power invested in animals in early Chinese culture, and on the other of a practice sufficiently plastic to lend itself to unarmed combat and community sports-an emblem at once of self-determination and conformity.

As unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing is applied in small area aerial photogrammetry surveying, disaster monitoring and emergency command, 3D urban construction and other fields, the image processing of UAV has become a hot topic in current research. The precise matching of UAV image is a key problem, which affects the subsequent processing precision directly, such as 3D reconstruction and automatic aerial triangulation, etc. At present, SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) algorithm proposed by DAVID G. LOWE as the main method is, is widely used in image matching, since its strong stability to image rotation, shift, scaling, and the change of illumination conditions. It has been successfully applied in target recognition, SFM (Structure from Motion), and many other fields. SIFT algorithm needs the colour images to be converted into grayscale images, detects extremum points under different scales and uses neighbourhood pixels to generate descriptor. As we all know that UAV images with rich colour information, the SIFT algorithm improved through combining with the image colour information in this paper, the experiments are conducted from matching efficiency and accuracy compared with the original SIFT algorithm. The results show that the method which proposed in this paper decreases on the efficiency, but is improved on the precision and provides a basis choice for matching method.

P-type GaN was grown on Al3O2 substrate by low pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy without any post treatment. The p-type conduction of as-grown GaN has the typical characteristics of a light-doped or high-compensation semiconductor, that is a hole concentration of 2.2 × 1017 cm-3 at 77 K, which changes to n-type with an electron concentration of 2.7 × 1017 cm-3 at room temperature. After thermal annealing under a N2 ambient, it showed the characteristics of a heavy-doped semiconductor and the hole concentration was enhanced reaching a hole concentrations of 4.2 × 1017 cm-3 at 77 K and 5.7 × 1017 cm-3 at room temperature.

Low temperature photoluminescence (PL) properties of InGaN films grown on (0 1 1 2) Al2O3 and (0 0 0 1) Al2O3 substrates by low pressure MOVPE were studied at 11 K. In the PL spectrum of a In 0.11 Ga 0.89 N AlN buffer/(0 1 1 2)Al2O3 film, only one near band edge emission with wavelength 371.4 nm was observed in the range from 350 nm to 630 nm. For InxGa1−xN/GaN/GaN buffer/(0 0 0 1)Al2O3 films with x = 0.02 and 0.035, similar PL spectra of GaN films, the recombinations of an exciton bound to a neutral donor (I2 lines) were observed and seem to be dominant. The peak energy positions were 3.467 eV, 3.454 eV and 3.449 eV for x = 0, 0.02 and 0.03, respectively. It was found that FWHM roughly increase as x increases. Donor-Acceptor (D-A) pair combination near 3.27 eV and their LO-phonon replica (near 3.18 eV) also appeared in the PL spectra. The LO-phonon energy of InxGa1−xN shift to high energy compared to GaN. It is suggested that the D-A pair recombination contributes to the transitions from a shallow donor to a carbon-related acceptor level.

When the speed of the train is 350km/h, it only takes about 7ms for the on-board antenna of BTM to pass the effective range of a balise. On-board antenna needs to accomplish a communication with balise within such a little time that it is essential for on-board antenna to have a good performance of transmitting and receiving signal. Therefore, it is significant to study the optimization of the performance of on-board antenna. This paper presents a method of optimization study about on-board antenna of BTM based on electromagnetic model. Firstly, theoretically analyse the effects that antenna's size, the conductor's diameter and form have on the Gain, Efficiency and near field of the antenna. Then design a square tubular on-board antenna of BTM, which frequency is at 27.095MHZ, and ascertain the optimal conductor's diameter of the on-board antenna; secondly, simulate and model the on-board antenna with FEKO software; thirdly, optimize the size of the established antenna model by OPTFEKO with particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to ascertain the optimal size of the on-board antenna. The results show that the near field radiation of the optimized on-board antenna is much higher and steadier in effective range, and quicker weakening in side lobe zone, when compared with rectangle laminated antenna. The study of on-board antenna optimization in this paper is a good foundation for further study of transmission performance of balise system.

An approximate approach for calculating the inductance coefficients of an electric circuit containing a number of branches is derived from the definition of an inductance coefficient of a single loop. An equivalent circuit is then developed to calculate the current distribution when lightning strikes a launch tower system. A numerical example is given. The computed results are consistent with the results of test measurements. >

A simple method is proposed to measure the hot-electron temperature, using an Au-GaAs Schottky barrier diode. The obtained temperature of electrons under the electric field of 500V/cm and 1100V/cm are 316K and 336K, respectively, while the samples are kept at room temperature.

Chest wall tumors are a relatively uncommon disease in clinical practice. Most of the published studies about chest wall tumors are usually single-center retrospective studies, involving few patients. Therefore, evidences regarding clinical conclusions about chest wall tumors are lacking, and some controversial issues have still to be agreed upon. In January 2019, 73 experts in thoracic surgery, plastic surgery, science, and engineering jointly released the Chinese Expert Consensus on Chest Wall Tumor Resection and Chest Wall Reconstruction (2018 edition). After that, numerous experts put forward new perspectives on some academic issues in this version of the consensus, pointing out the necessity to further discuss the points of contention. Thus, we conducted a survey through the administration of a questionnaire among 85 experts in the world. Consensus has been reached on some major points as follows. (I) Wide excision should be performed for desmoid tumor (DT) of chest wall. After excluding the distant metastasis by multi-disciplinary team, solitary sternal plasmacytoma can be treated with extensive resection and adjuvant radiotherapy. (II) Wide excision with above 2 cm margin distance should be attempted to obtain R0 resection margin for chest wall tumor unless the tumor involves vital organs or structures, including the great vessels, heart, trachea, joints, and spine. (III) For patients with chest wall tumors undergoing unplanned excision (UE) for the first time, it is necessary to carry out wide excision as soon as possible within 1-3 months following the previous surgery. (IV) Current Tumor Node Metastasis staging criteria (American Joint Committee on Cancer) of bone tumor and soft tissue sarcoma are not suitable for chest wall sarcomas. (V) It is necessary to use rigid implants for chest wall reconstruction once the maximum diameter of the chest wall defect exceeds 5 cm in adults and adolescents. (VI) For non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) invading the chest wall, wide excision with neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant therapy are recommended for patients with stage T3-4N0-1M0. As clear guidelines are lacking, these consensus statements on controversial issues on chest wall tumors and resection could possibly serve as further guidance in clinical practice during the upcoming years. ispartof: TRANSLATIONAL LUNG CANCER RESEARCH vol:10 issue:11 pages:4057-4083 ispartof: location:China status: published